The Florence daily times. [volume] (Florence, S.C.) 1894-1925, April 27, 1898, Image 2
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Good ROADS NOTES,
Oat* For Vouiik Animal*.
‘ There are two reasone why oats are
•u excellent feed for young and grow
ing stock. They have enough bulk
because of their chaff, so that grain in
moderate amounts will not heat or
cake in the stomach, and the charac
ter of the grain supplies just the nu
triment required for growing animals.
It takes very little oats per day to
keep a yearling calf or a colt thrifty
and greatly increase its value after
the winter’s feeding.
[,! rrolitlcacv of Fowl*.
It is very easy among a lot of fowls
to decide which will be the best layers.
It is always the hen that has red
combs and that gets up the earliest
even in cold weather. When a hen is
moping and dumpish she will not
lay many eggs, and those she does
lay, while they may be all right while
fresh, for eating, are worth little or
nothing for setting. If the eggs for
setting were always chosen from fowls
that were themselves active and vig
orous, the greatest possible improve
ment in the prolificacy of fowls would
be made at no expense whatever.
Frnlt Growing on Hill I.itn(l4.
Some of the best fruit in all sections
of the country comes from the hill
districts, where both climatic condi
tions and soil seem to promote cer
tainty of crop and fine quality of
fruit. Hills bordering running water
have rich surface soil, with porous
subsoil resting on lime rocks that are
■lowly disintegrating, and a natural
drainage. But location, however
good, is not sufficient. Orcharding
requires diligent, patient work,
knowledge of when, why and how to
spray, and how to secure protection
from enemies. Never allow trees to
bear fully. Thinning is one of the
pest possible practices, thereby get
ting less fruit, but of far better grade.
—L. Oieger, in New England Home
stead.
Three Crop* In a Greenhouse.
Boston greenhouse gardeners often
follow the last crop of lettnoe with a
crop of beets and radishes. Good rad
ish seed is important. A favorite va
riety of beets is the Egyptian. The
seed is started in hotbeds and trans
planted into bouses about the first of
May. Beets are set four by eight and
radishes one inch apart between the
beet rows. The care of the beets and
radishes is'Tery much the same as if
grown outdoors after the plants are
set. ..Bowsof cucumbers are often set
along the edges of the beet and radish
beds and trained on trellises over
head. The cucumbers do not shade
the other crops much before they are
pulled and out of the way.—American
Agriculturist.
Feed For Breeding Ewes.
1 Breeding ewes have not onlyTto
keep up their own animal heat and
energy and provide for the growing
feet its within them, bat they have also
to make growth of wool on their own
bodies. That they do not always get
enough of the right kind of food for
all these purposes is shown by the
fact that the wool from ewes is less
valuable tbau tbat from an equal
weight of wool from wethers or ewes
that are not bred. Possibly some
weakness of the fiber is inevitable in
that which is produced while ewes are
dropping their young, when there is
naturally more or less fever. But the
wool may be made much better if the
ewes are giveu succulent food to keep
their digestion good and brau mashes,
which are just what are needed, not
only for making the wool, but also to
produce a thrifty and vigorous lamb,
which is also born with more or less
wooly covering when its dam must
furnish from the food given her.
lT*e of Humua-Formlug Material.
The claim of Southern farmers that
elover, cow-peas, weeds Mud other
green manurial plants turned under
dry, rather than green, give better re
sults, is well founded.
Grocn manuring has been practised
for centuries in Europe and for some
years in our Northern States, and
valuable results have accrued from
euch a course. But for the last few
years farmers and scientific men have
differed upon the plans of turning
under these green crops.
Oar best Sonthern farmers are al
most unanimous in preferring to turn
under the crops when dry than when
green. Necessity may have at first
brought about the plan of turning
under the crops after they had become
matured or dry, and this necessity
may have been the menus of demon
strating that it was more profitable so
to do.
The mysteries of Nature’s labora
tory stored in the soil are hard to un
derstand in plant life. The same toil
will produce a root that is nutritious
and healthful to man and beast, and
at the same time oue that is poisonous
to both. Yon may graft a sour apple
on a sweet stock, and the came tree
will produce both sweet and sour ap- |
pies. So it is with the changes that
take place in the soil in turning under
green and dry substances.
The advocates of turning under our
crops when dry claim that the fermen
tation that takes place when green
crops are turned under is different
from that of the dry substances; that
the green crops sour the land, and un
less lime is used it is an injury and
not a benefit to some.
Then the crops are green in August,
and they claim that lands turned up
and exposed to the hot sun are in
jured, This is true, as a cotton crop
which requires late ploughing and
close culture is more injurious to our
lauds than a corn crop. Some of our
best farmers report an actual injury in
yield of crops where cow peas were
turned under green in August.
But all agree tbat peas sown in land
and turned under late in the fall, when
dry, do benefit the lauds.—B. D.
Lumsden, in Farm, Field and Fire
side.
Inteniivo Fanning.
If farmers who delight in owning
and working large areas could see the
crops taken from small plots by the
truckers near New York City, they
would receive au object lesson in in
tensive farming which would be ef
fectual. On Long Island and in New
Jersey especially, there are dozens of
patches, not farms, which, with the
aid of a few hotbeds, are made to pay
high rents and support large families.
The soil is kept to the highest point
of fertility, every inch of it is
thoroughly cultivated and every ad\ an-
tage is taken of the lay of the land.
From the first day that the weather
will permit the soil being worked un
til the ground is finally used for celery
blanching, it is constantly employed
in crop production; it is no unusual
sight to see half a dozen men indus
triously at work on an acre or two of
ground. It is the same principle the
florist applies to plant and flower
growing. If his benches yield but one
crop of plants or blossoms during the
year, his business is a failure. Every
square foot of it must yield two or
more crops for a profitable year’s work.
—Orange Judd Farmer.
Com
Misrepi
Care sho
comparis
made tb
$2000 a
other 8
same tin
roads ar<
built,
roads,
graded,
nearer t
mer.—I
« Condition* Carefully.
entation makes mischief,
be exercised in making
s. Statements have been
some States are paying
ile for g«od roads, while
s pay $10,000 for about the
. As a matte? of fact, the
ery unlike, and differently
st-class, permanent stone
11 drained and properly
e likely to cost very much
latter figure than the for-
A. W. Bulletin.
’ Vilfirant Form* of Pavement.
Therelis no one variety of pavement
suited ti all degrees and forms of traf
fic, saws the Municipal World.
“Granii) block pavement is the most
darablefwhich can be constructed, re
quires lut little repair and is well
adapted to steep grades, but is rough,
noisy |ud trying on the hoofs of
horses.! Asphalt is a very smooth and
agreeasle paveuoent on which to drive,
is banpsome, sanitary and may be
kept vary clean, but is less durable
than granite, and cannot be used on
steep {Trades. Vitrified brick is fairly
well adapted to steep grades, ranking
next k> granite in the foothold afford
ed houses, is smooth and less noisy
than granite, is very agreeable for
drivUg or wheeling, may be kept very
clean, but is less durable than either
granite or asphalt. Crashed stone
(macadam) is the most agreeable for
driving, is not noisy, is superior to all
in safetj is adapted to steep grades,
but under excessive traffic is very ex
pensive to maintain.”
The Petrified Fove*t In Arizona.
Steps are "now heing k taken by tha
Government to preserve one of the
greatest wonders of this country from
destruction for commercial purposes.
This is the petrified forest of Arizona,
which is located in Apache County.
The largest and finest specimens of
silicified wood in the world are taken
from it. Whole trunks of trees and
stumps with portions of the root are
found there, converted into stone as
dense and hard as the finest agate.
Every cell and every fibre of the
former wood is preserved in stone. A
forest of trees appears to hav« been
entombed in the rooks and to have
been preserved by a slow process of
replacement by silica from solutions
permeating the bed. Subsequently
the surrounding sediments were
washed away, but the enduring fossils
of the trees remained. Tons upon
tons of specimens have been taken
away by collectors and dealers. A
company has been formed in South
Dakota for catting and polishing the
stone for architectural and decorative
work. Sections of these trees four
feet in diameter and large enough for
the tops of tables have been cut and
polished. Many specimens were shown
at the Paris Exposition, where they
were greatly admired for the perfect
preservation of every detail of struc
ture of the wood, for the very high
polish and for the exquisite inter-
blending of colors in the mass, due to
the presence of various oxides in the
original silicifying solutions. No
other country in the world, it is
claimed, can send to the lapidary such
magnificent raw material of this na
ture as the petrified forests of Arizona
afford.
A Queer Houm.
A queer honse, built of iron and
thick glass, has been erected on the
general hospital grounds in Yokohama
by Dr. Van ner Heyden, a bacteriolo
gist. The purpose in its building was
to exolnde, as far as possible, the
gerraa of disease. To that end it is
built dnst-tight and with insect-proof
joints. It has no window-sashes.
Provision is made in the second story
to allow the escape of air from within;
it enters only by means of a pipe, is
carefully filtered through cotton-wool,
and to make sterilization more com
plete the air is driven against a
glycerin-coated plate which captures
such microbes as pass through cotton.
Strong sunlight also helps to destroy
possible survivors. The impurities due
to breathing and other causes are
carefully absorbed by chemicals. It has
been found that milk and unsalted
butter remain sweet much longer in
this dwelling than elsewhere.—Boston
Globa.
A Stimulus to Life in Rural Communities.
We have 1,300,000 miles of country
roads in the United States. Most of
them are so bad that hauling is costly,
laborious and often cruel work, white
driving for recreation is out of the
question. The pleasures of country
life would be doubled were there turn
pikes in every neighborhood. Notice
those counties in Kentucky, like Shel
by, where the roads are kept in a high
state of improvement, and others, like
Green, where there are virtually no
highways. Witness the improvement
in the rural life of Hardin and Warren
counties, whicli have recently built ex
tensive and valuable systems of turn
pikes. There is no greater agency to
stimulate farming and the <whole life
of rural communities than the build
ing of roads; no other so easy to bo re
sorted to. It is not necessary to invite
foreign capital; it can be done at home.
It will relieve the hard conditions of
rural life so fully that the drift of the
population to towns and cities would
be at once arrested. *
» Whaa pleasure and profit are so
joined together as in this scheme o&
improvement why should there be hes
itation ?—Louisville Courier-Journal.
Good Road* Easy to Secure.
A Pennsylvania paper says that a
competent engineer and contractor
offers to give bonds to gridiron Lan
caster County with first-class macadam
roads within five years, so that there
won’t be a farmer who will live over a
mile-and-a-half from one of these roads
on any side of him, and three-fourths
will live immediately on them, pro
vided a four mill tax per annum on
the county's valuation (outside of Lan
caster and Columbia) be paid him for
ten years. This looks like an easy
way to get good roads. The county is
about twenty-eight ty thirty miles, so
it would require nearly 500 miles of
road to cross it in both ways, every
three miles. Bat the contractor
allows ior building 600 miles, as fol
lows:
> EXPENDITURES.
300 miles, 15 ft. wide at f3,000...900,000
300 “ 10 “ “ “ 3.000.... 600,000
Interest on annual expenditures.. 250,000
Bepaiis for live years. 100,000
*1,850,000
RECEIPTS.
Tax four mills, annually for ten
years on valuation, *66,616,841..*2,604,670
Interest on annual receipts 598,537
Deduct expenditures.
*3,263,207
. 1,850,000
Net profit *1,413,207
And this on a tax of only fonr dol
lars on each thonsaud of valuation.—
L. A. W. Bulletin.
To Work Virginia’* Convict* on the Road.
The bill introduced in the Virginia
Legislature, for the employment of
convicts on the roads of the State,
provides that all able-bodied male
prisoners, ’sentenced to jail or peni
tentiary for more- than ninety days,
shall be subject to work ou the roads.
Those sentenced to county jails shall
work upon the roads of such counties,
unless there ia no immediate need of
them, in which case they may be hired
to other counties, but only for road
work. ,
The convicts not required for ser
vices iu the penitentiary are to be dis
tributed among the counties, on ap
plication, ami none are to be hired
out for any purpose but road wors.
Not .less than five, nor more than
twenty-five, are to be assigned to any
k one county, every assignment to be
made for a year, unless shorter time
is requested, and even then for not
less than ninety days. If the number
of convicts is not sufficient to fill the
applications, they ore to be supplied
ratably,
Convicts, in respect to their work,
are to be under the control of the
connty authorities in which they
work; bat, as prisoners, they are to
“remain in the custody of the 8ta£e
authorities as if they remained in the
penitentiary,” and transportation ex
penses, guarding, feeding, clothing
and medical attendance are to be paid
by the State, the counties to provide
suitable shelter.
Each county is to adopt and put in
operation a scheme or plan for working
its roads by such prisoners in its jail
as are available, together with those
which may be secured from the
State, and “every county shall an
nually levy a road tax of not less than
fifteen cents, nor more than thirty
cents, on every one hundred dollars
of the value of the property, real and
personal, assessed for taxes in the
county, the proceeds to be applied to
road improvements in said county.”
Cost of Bad Road Transportation.
Some very interesting observations
as to the cost of bad roads to farmers
were made in an addreis delivered to
the students of Union College, N. Y.,
by Mr. Francis V. Greene, President
of the Barber Asphalt Company. As
a thorough discussion of the expense
as well as the inconvenience of bad
highways is necessary to bring about
a reform some of his remarks are here
reproduced:
“In the older and more settled por
tions of the country the railroads are
so numerous and the rates are so low
that they yield but a small return on
the capital invested, and the construc
tion of new railroads has ceased to be
an attractive field for investment.
The rates cf freight have been steadily
reduced, year by year, until they are
now barely one-fourth of what they
were thirty years ago. Still the trans
portation problem can not be consid
ered as satisfactorily solved if it costs as
much to carry a tou of wheat or pota
toes to the railway station as it does
to carry it 400 miles over the railroad.
“The bad condition of the roads be
gan to attract widespread attention
something over ten years ago. Certain
elementary principles were evident at
a glance, to wit: the price of farm
products is fixed at the great cities or
centers of consumption and distribu
tion, and is wholly beyond the farmer’s
control, and the cost of transporta
tion is a principal factor in determin
ing his profits or the possibility of
any profit. On the railroads this has
been reduced until it varies according
to bulk, from one cent to six mills per
ton per mile. But the average roads
are so bad that a two-horse team and
wagon, the value of which is $3 per
day, cannon haul a ton of produce
more than ten miles and return in a
day. The cost of road transpartation
is, therefore, thirty cents per ton per
mile, or about forty times as great as
the rate on the railroad. The average
distance from the farm to the nearest
railroad station is at least ten miles,
so that it costs as mnch to get the
goods to or from the railroad station
as to carry them 400 miles on the cars.
It only needs to state these element
ary facts to show what an enormous
drain bad roads make on oar re
sources.
“It is evident that an improvement
in these conditions is imperative, and
the remedy is equally evident, for it
has been proved, not only by me
chanical experiment butby actual test,
that the same force which draws oue
ton on a muddy earth road will draw
fonr tons on a hard macadam read.
On the improved roads in New Jersey
loads of four to five tons are habitu
ally drawn by a two-horse team. This
effects a saving of fully three-fourths
of the cost of hauling to the station,
and reduces the cost of road trans
portation from thirty cents to seven
and one-half cents per ton per mile.
What this saving amounts to may be
imagined when it is known that the
New York Central railroad alone car
ries nearly 20,000,000 tons of way
freight in a year. If this is hauled
only two miles by road to or from the
station, and a saving of twenty-two
and one-half cents per tou per mile
could be effected, it would mean a
total saving of nearly $9,000,000.
These figures may seem exaggerated,
but they will no longer appear so when
we realize the saving actually ac
complished by the reduction iu rail
road rates in the last twenty-five years.
For instance, in 1869 the average
freight rate on the New York Central
Railroad was 2.4 cents per ton per
mile; in 1893 it was seven mills. This
saving, on the business of 1893 is up
ward of $64,000,000. This is the re
sult which lias been accomplished by
the application to the railroad prob
lem of the highest available talent.
During these same twenty-five years
little or no attention has been given to
the railroad problem. The roads are
as bad now as they were in 1869, and
the cost of transportation over them
as great now as it was then. In the
next twenty-five years the results ac
complished on the common roads are
likely to be as remarkable as those
achieved on the railroads in the last
twenty-five years.”
An Axed Scholar.
There is a school teacher in Kansas
who writes to her superintendent that
she is seventy-four years of age and
wishes to pass the examination for a
State certificate, and also to enter for
a year at the Normal School to study
new methods.
A Won*en*lcal X off on.
Some folks actually believe that they can cum
•kindisease*ibroughtheirstomachs. It's absurd
on its face absurd on the face of the man who
believes, too. because bis disease stays rlcbt
there. Stay* there till be usee Tetteriue. It s
the only safe and certain cure for Tetter, Ring
worm, Eczema and other Itchy Irritations. Good
for Dandruff, too. At drug stores, 50 cents, or
by mall from J. T. Shuptrlne, Savannah, Ga.
Some men who possess neither gold not
•liver have lots of brass.
Drsnrii*. Isdiovstiom aad all Stonueh brooblea
•end hr Taber’« Ftp-in Compound, gampi* boMI*
■uai.adfrcr Writ* Dr. Taber Ht* Co.. Savannah, Ga.
The battleship Kentucky took water in those
launching ceremonies.
Educate Tour Bowel* With Caacarokr.
Candy Cathartic, care constipation forever.
jCo, Me. It C CL C. fall, druggist* refund mooey.
U3*>ae
•dollar you pay back looks twice as
the one you borrowed.
9x> Cure a Cold in One Day.
fvhe Laxative Bromo Quinine Tablets. All
Ongglsts refund money if it falls to ours. 25c.
Come to think of it, a worthless man
aouldn’t be worth less, anyhow.
Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup forchildren
teething, softens the gums, reducing inflama-
tion,allays pain,cures wind colic* 36c. a bottle.
It is wicked to bet and lose, for a man has
no moral right to be wrong.
To Care Constipation Forever.
Toke Cascarets Caudy Cathartic. 10c or Mu
If C. C. C. fail to cure, druggists refund mousy.
Everything seems to get round In a sewing
circle.
Lyon A Co’s Pick Leaf Extra Smoking To
bacco is made from the purest, ripest, sweet
est leaf grown in the Golden Belt o. N. C.
Whenever the counterfeiter needs money
bad he makes it.
Chew Star Tobacoo-The Beit.
Smoke Sledge Cigarettes.
A man may be fast asleep, but rather slow
when awake.
Doa’t Tobacco Spit sad Smoke Toar life Away.
To quit tobacco easily and forever, be mag
netic. full of life, nerve and vigor, take No-To-
Bac, tbe wonder-worker, tbat makes weak men
ttrong. AU druggists, 50c or II. Cure guaran
teed. Booklet and sample free. Address
Sterling Remedy Ca, Chicago or New York,
Love and sea sickness may be felt, but they
cannot be described.
ness alter first day’s use of Dr. Kline’* Great
Nerve Restorer. $2 trial bottle and treatise free
Dr. R. H. Kline. Ltd..«t Arch St. Pfaila.. Pa.
Land and a Living
Are best and cheapest in the New South.
Land $3 to $5 per acre. Easy Terms. Good
schools and churches. No blizzards. No
cold waves. New illustrated paper, “Land
and a Living,” 3 months, for 10 rents, in
stamps. W. C. Rineakson, G. P. A., Queen
& Crescent Route, Cincinnati.
SpringMedicine
A Good Blood Purifier a Neces
sity Now
and!
i tha
Hood’s Sarsaparilla Unequal!
for Making Rich, Red B
The necessity for taking a good i
Medicine to purify the blood knd bull
the system is based upon natural i
•voidable causes. In cold weather th
has been less perspiration and impurit!
have not passed out of the system as I
•hould. Food has consisted largely
rich, fatty substances, and there has 1
)eaa opportunity for outdoor exercise,
the result is, the blood is loaded with Im
purities and Uiese must be promptly ex
pelled or health will be endangered.
Hood’s Sarsaparilla is tbe best Spring
Medicine because it is the best blood
purifier and tonic. It thoroughly purifies
the blood and gives vigor and vitality.
HOOd’S ^parUla
Is America’s Greatest Medicine. $1; six for *5.
Hnnrl’c Pillc ar * the favorite cathar-
nuuus mis tic, AUdmggiets. 25cta
Corn
responds readily to proper fer
tilization.
Larger crops, fuller ears and
larger grain are sure to result
from a liberal use of fertilizers
- v -. • f j ■ ?•'
containing at least actual
Potash
Our books are free pa fanners.
lyilAT ‘‘BOB TAYLOR,”
’ ’ GCV. OR TENN., SAYS.
farbl* City Drug Mfg. Co., Knoxville, Tenn.
Gentlemen:—In reply to your letter of
tecent date, will **y that I did r-celve gr*»i
leneflts from “Dr. Frame’* Cough Cur:." I
.•onslder it the beat remedy for coughs and
told* I have ever used. Youre truly.
Robert L. Tatlob
for *ale by all druggigtaat25c., or seat dliect
8 N. U. No. IL--’*8.
GERMAN KALI WORK*,
93 Nassau St., N«w Yak-