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FiHTING liOES ON EASTERN OPERATIONS INDI= CATE NO OLD1ING UP PRAGiA AND LONZA FALL Petrograd Reports Repulse of Ger man Troops Operating Around Riga, But Kovno is Facing mme. diate Attacks-German Armies in Poland Continue to Gain Ground. London, Wednesday: There is no indication that the Germans have withdrawn or are preparing to with draw any considerable portion 0f their forces from the eastern front. The offensive which led to the fall of Warsaw has not been relaxed and the position of the retiring Russians is still perilous. Partial dismantling of Vilna pre paratory to evacuation as i'eported from Petrograd, is somewhat puzzling to British commenators, inasmuch as the.Rusaians assert they have repuls - ed the German attacks around the fortress of Kovno, which is sixty miles northwest of Vilna. . Except in the region of Riga, where the Germans evidently have .been checked, the Germans and Aus trians still move forward. Their pro gross is not unhindered, however, for the Buscovites continue to fight vari ous rear guard battles.. Lomza, the Russian stronghold on the Narew, has been captured, the fortress of Kovno is threatened, and VIlna, 225 miles northeast of War -saw, is being evacuated by the civil Ian population. - The Teutonic drive eastward and .aoutheastward to the north of War 'saw, directly east of that city and to the south on the east. bank of the Vistula, still is in progress, while in the. region between the Vistula and the Bug and along the Vieprz, the Russians continue to fall back before the oncoming Teutonic allies. .-Starting in northwest Russia, where the fortress of ..Kovno is close ly pressed, down through Poland to a point below Warsaw and thence eastward across tha Vistula and northeastward between the. Vistula and the Bug, the Germans and Aus trians, according to Berlin and Vien -n'a, are drawing more closely togeth er the lines which threaten to clear SPoland entirely, of the Russian Field Marshal von Hindenberg's trioops north and northeast of War w are pressing steadily east and southeast and a ring of besiegers has beenformed around the fortress of ~ogeorglevsk, the last stronghold on the Vistula line remaining in Rus -4an hands; -Praga, the eastern sub unh of Warsaw, on which the Musco ter fell back when they evacuated thiePolish capital, has been captur the railroad from Warsaw to has been crossed between angorod and .Garwolin, evidently with the idea of moving on to Lukow. Farther -eastward, and southeast between the Vistula and Bug %dzsling. the Vieprz the. Russians nr a still faling back, but at some ints, especially between the Vieprz si~>'~ad the Bug, they continue their re -. -tatnWarsa ~~The bag of prisoners a Wra Swas imanl Berlin declaring that only a-few thousand were taken.~ Nor has Stlie number of captured by Archduke ~ Joseph Ferdiniand been large, Vienna -amsrting merely..that the number of sien. captured by him -"has been in eased to-eight thousand.'' - The occupation -of Praga, reported byg Blin, brings to- a~ dramatic cli 2:ax .the first phase of the drive- at. 'Warsw and Poland. Praga is essen tialy sapart of the Polish capital with great railway stations on the roads '~aPetrograd ad Moscow. Few do " a have been received of the final ~ s~dat Praga, but indications are SL atthe Runsian withdrawal became ~ pertiveas the German lines grad ual ere drawing together. Wawnow is the apex of a vast ~erV, .th~e arms of which are the - iver.-Narew- on the north and the <s- Vstila on the south. The German Sns- along the rivers are contract ing as the .armies in the north and thos In, the south approach each other. The strip of territory across which the Russins may withdraw to asafer positions now Is barely more than-thirty miles across. Petrograd reports a German re' treat in the Baltic region; "On the roads to Riga Monday 'ight, after hand to hand. fighting, we succesfully repulsed several Ger man attacks, although they were sup ported by powerful heavy artillery.! "After combats the same night and the following day in the direction of -- Dwinsk- in the region of Schoenberg, - Ponemunck and Vilkomir (northeast - 'of Kovno, the enemy, yielding to our pressure, began to fall back, leaving - in our hands about one hundred pris .oners, Jnachine guns and ammunition -chests." Berlin reports: "On the front in the district of Kovno the attack was pushed forward with~ continuous fighting, nearer the line of fortresses. D)uring -these engagements we took about one hundred more Russian prisoners and four cannon. -"The troops of the army of Gen. 7Ealcke broke through the line of fortresses in Lomza Monday after noon and took Fort No. 4 by storm. At daybreak Tuesday the, fortified -.town was occupied. South of Lomza the high road to -Ostrow was crossed. - , Ostrow is still being held by the enemy. -"Our troops have reached the Bug from Bojany, west of -Brok, to the 2houth of the river. Since August 7 -twenty-three ofricers and ten thou -sand men have been taken prisoners in .this region. East of Warsaw the army .of Prince Leopold of Bavaria has advanced to a point near the Stanislawow-Nowo Minsk road. "Southeastern theatre: The army of Gen. von Moyrsch pursuing the enemy, has reached the district north and northeast of Gelechow. This army joined the left wing of the group of armies of Field Marshal von -Mackensen, who is advancing from the south." Vienna reports: "The enemy who retreated from the Vistula. front is being pursued. Austro-tiungarian and German forces have crossed the main road from Warsaw to Lublin in an easterly direction between the railway from Ivangorod ..t Lukow and the village of Garwolin. The left bank of the Vieprz and the right bank of the Vistula near Ivangorod having been cleared of the enemy. Our troops crossed the Vleprz in a .northeast and northerly direction. "The battlefields of Lubarto and Miechow showed traces of the enemy's flight. The number of pris oners captured by the army of Arch duke goseph Ferdinand has been In crased :to eight thousand. "Between the Vleprz and the Bug the battle continues. * "On the 'Duiester up to Uzeieczko (near the Bukowina border) our - troops repulsed the Russians at sev eral points, capturing sixteen hun dred men and five machine guns." -- Berlin reports on the day preced ing the fall of Lomza: "We also have made progress against the northern and western fronts of Lomza. In the 'OTTON IS NOT NEEDED TO MANUFACTURE EXPLOSIES London Newspaper Says Three Ger man Plants are Making Wood Pulp Base for Explosives A citizen of a neutral state who has just made a tour through Germany and acquired a large amount of in formation about the industrial and aconomic conditions of the country. gives to the London Daily Chronicle an account of the work of German chemists in discovering a substitute for cotton as a basis for high explo ives. This was found in the shape of ordinary wood pulp. He says: "Experiments are still being car ried on, but sufficient progress has already been made to enable the sub stitute to be used freely and success fully. The great difficulty in the way of using wood pulp as a substitute for cotton is the presence of many Impurities which are not found in the latter commodity. The most im portant .of these impurities are resin and oxycellulose. Unless these are completely removed the resulting ex plosives would be uncertain in ac tion, and -highly dangerous to those manufacturing them. "I was not able to discover the whole secret of the process, but in its early stages it is the same as that which Is followed in turning wood into pulp for the manufacture of paper. The wood is ground, cooked, and changed into liquid form. Then it is cleansed by new processes and then pressed into sheets. It is then ready for the nitration process, and the addition of other necessary chem icals. "Germany is under no difficulty so far as the supply of the raw ma terial is concerned. At one time she was dependent upon Scandinavia for supplies. of wood pulp, but some years ago she set herself the task of making her own, .since when she has become largely 'self-supporting in this direction. "Three of the largest factories are now engaged in turning out the new basis for explosives, as well as the seasoned wood required for making wood pulp. Large reserves of tim ber have been accumulated from my own. country and from Russia, so there is no fear of any shortage. "I was assured that-if the supply of raw cotton 'to Germany were en tirely stopped she might be able to tide over the difficulties." SWEDEN WANTS US TO ACT WITH HER IN CABLE MATTER In Note Desire of Co-operation is in timated But Little Chance for it Exists. The government of Sweden has re cently intimated a- desire that- the United States join in la protest to Great Britain against interference wih . cable communications. betwee the western- hemisphere and conti nental Europe. These intimations were not in a form that required a direct answer and It is doubtful that such an an swer will be given. -But Washingtor feels that the question answers itseli with the statement that the cables are owned by the belligerents. It 1 safe to say that-the- American note t< Great Britain on the subject of the British blockade will make no refer ence to interrupted cable communi cations.' All cables connecting with north ern Europe pass through the Britisi Isles, and it Is understood that theil ownership is.British. A British cen sorship of messages pasng ova them would, therefore, afford nc ground for an American protest, ex cept in the unexpected contingenc: of interference with .American diplo matic communications. At the out break of the war, the loop from Elng land to' Germany was cut, presum ably by the ~British, and that was re garded as a legitimate act of war. For many months the United States has been in clos3 touch witi all the other Important neutral pow es regarding the inconveniences im posed on neutral commerce by thi British blockade. Sweden has beer more earnest than the rest in reprne seting her displeasure at the Brit ish course. But even Sweden has not suggested that the United States join in any such protest on the gen eral subject of the blockade. Thi United States has already protested on that score, and the disposition o1 the smaller nations seems to be tt await the .outcome of the Americax negotiations.' AIR RAIDS KILL 22 Germans Get 14 and English 8 ox Monday's Night Attacks. Berlin reports: "Monday forenoox from six to eight enemy aeroplanes attacked Zweibruiecken and Sankt In gbert, which are outside the military district. From fifteen to twenty bombs were dropped on Zweibruec ken, causing only unimportant mate rial damage. At s'ankt Ingbert eight pe-sons were killed and two wound London reports: An attack by Ger man airships, which flew over the English coast Monday night, was an nounced. The statement says one of the airships was damaged by British aeroplanes and was towed into Os tend. A revised list of casualties result ing from the airship raid was given out by the official press bureau Tues day evening as follows: -Killed: One man, nine women and four children. Wounded: Five men, seven women and two children. these operations three officers and fourteen men were taken prisoners, while seven machine guns and ani armored motor car were captured. South of Lomza the Ostrow-Wyszkow high road was crossed and the Rus sians, who in certain places offered stubborn resistance, were driven off. "Novogeorgievsk also has been cut off in the east between the Narew and Vistula rivers. "Prega, opposite Warsaw, has been captured and our troops are advanc ing farther toward the east. "In Warsaw a few thousand pris oners were taken." - London reports a dispatch from the - Austrian headquarters: Operations in the southwestern angle of the battle front in Poland eastward of Ivangorod are embarrass ing the Russian Ivangorod army. Archduke Joseph Ferdinand's victory at Lubertow enabled the Austrians to cut the n&.ural line of retreat from Ivangorod eastward and throw a force across the turnpike from Ivan gorod to Brest-Litovsk. The Austro-Germans under Gen. von Woyrsch north of Ivangorod have broken through the Russian de fensive lines, leaving the Russians nly a narrow opening northeastward through a difficult country of swamp and scrub fo:sts. Large Shipment of Gold. A special train carrying fifty-two inllon dollars of gold and securities shipped by the Bank of England from London, by way of Halifax, N. s., to NEWS Of THE WAR SCATTERED ITEMS GATIlERED ABOUT WORLD CONFLICT BIG NEWS IN SHORT SPACE Interesting Pointers About the Signi can Things Which Oftentimes Es cape Attention-War Goes on in Many Fields of Activity-What the Various Nations are Doing. The King of Bavaria has appointed the German Emperor a field Marshal of the Bavarian army, and the Em peror has accepted the appointment, so it is reported from Amsterdam. The incident is stated to have caused keen interest in Germany, as it has been often held that the Emperor alone had the power to appoint field marshals. Bavarians have recently been in favor of their king asserting his position, because of the promi nent part Bavarian troops- are play ing on the battlefield. Newfoundland has notified the United States that aliens arriving there as passengers must carry pass ports, with photographs attached. American Red Cross doctors and nurses will be withdrawn from the battlefields of Europe on October 1 because of a lack of funds to keep them there longer, according to a statement made last week at Wash ington by Miss Mabel T. Boardman, chairman of the Red Cross Relief Commission. It is possible that the two units in Belgium, where the greatest need exists, will be con tinued, but the other fourteen- de tachments will be recalled on the date, mentioned, when the American fund of $1,560,000 will be exhausted. In -the work of cleaning up Serbia the Red Cross has used 358,783 pounds of sulphur, 700,000 bichlo ride tablets, 7,000 gallons of kero sine oil, 5.600 pounds of formalde hyde, 12,200 doses of cholera vac rine, 500 .whitewash brushes, 70 bathtubs, 50 stepladders, ahd -11 automobile trucks. In order to increase the enlist ments Canada has lowered the re cruiting standard. Men 5 feet 2 inches in height may now become Canadian soldiers. Hitherto the minimum height has been 5 feet 3 inches. The minimum chest measure ment is now 33 inches for those' 30 years old or under, the former mini 8 mum having been 33 % inches. The Austrian government 'has agreed to spare Italian churches and monuments in Italian coast' towns provided the Italians do not use them for military purposes. Captain H. A. Tomkinson of the British Royal Dragoons has been promoted to the rank of major. He played No 1 on the polo team, which took back the International Polc Cup to England last year from the United States. A convention, ceding to Bulgaria the Turkish portion of the Dedegatch railway, has been signed in Constan tinople. Regret has been expressed by the British government to the Norwe gian government because of the vio -lation of Norwegian territorial waters by British warships, particularly the seizure of a German steamer. 'inside -the' three-mile limit. The note was cordial and was in reply to a protest by Norway.. Typhus has practically been wiped out in Serbia. The Serbian army Is reported to be in good condition and probably better equipped than ever before. It Is mobilized around the frontiers, rea~dy to move at any point at any moment. Marconi, who is a lieutenant o1 engineers in the Italian .army, has been in London buying war supplies for his nation. He expresses confi dence in Italy's ability to defeat Aus tria, and says that Italy Is well sup plied with ammunition, her factories working at high pressure day and night turning out shells. Italy, he says, is particularly well equipped with &..rigibles and aeroplanes. Several Americans were in Rheims recently during a heavy bomnbard ment. The party took refuge in a cellar for an hour. On reaching Paris, -they said that on the day they were in Rheims between 500 and 600 large calibre shells were dropped on the .city. The Fr ench government has con ferred the Military Cross upon Pro fessor Richard Norton, founder of the American Volunteer Ambulance Corps, which Is the chief Red Cross unit in the. Second French army. With the decoration the government sent Professor Norton a letter warm ly praising the work of the corps. Premier Asquith has Issued a printed statement showing that all casualties in the British army and navy since the beginning of the war total 330,995. The total military Casualties* up to July 18 were 321, 889, and the total navaL casualties up to July 20 were 9,106. Four thousand army officers and 499 naval officers have been -killed. The men killed in the army total 57,384; In the navy, 7,430. By war theatres the total army losses have been: In France, 11,254 officers and 255,649 men.* at the Dardanelles, 2,144 offi cers and 47,094 men; in other thea tres, 415 officers and 5,333 men. Gabriele d'Annunzio flew over Trieste a few days ago in the aero plane of Lient. Miraglia. The lieu tenant dropped bor- s on the city, while the poet thi sw down poetic messages. Since the outbreak of the war the Swedish army has been almost dou bled. It now has a total of 540,000 trained men, 360,000 of which are troops of the first line, the remainder being Landsturm. New training scho 's for non-commissioned officers ha.- een established since last Auglus-, in which 60,000 non-corns have been trained. * S Ten more large national munitions factories are to be established in Eng land, in addition to the sixteen huge national plants now in operation, ac cording to a statement made by Lloyd-George, minister of munitions. The Italian government has noti fied the Pope 'that it has been in-' formed that Germany has sent to Pola two airships, with which it is intended to bombard Rome. The Pope has ordered art treasures of the Vatican removed to a place of safety. Conan Doyle wants the British troops to wear armor, declaring it would greatly reduce the casualty lists. He suggests that each man PLAN OF_ SAN DiEGO. (Continued from first page.) responsible for all the disturbances sai and emphasized that the troubles had fifl no connection with Mexican internal affairs. re1 "Conditions on the border," said on Mr. Garrison, "have no political sig- thi ailficance. Lawless people are using thi this time of excitement to plunder ha and steal and we are not sure that se all the lawbreakers are Mexicans. th, Some of them we know are n6t." wl Further strengthening of the bor- ba der forces will take virtually all ur available regular troops in the coun- an try. Officials were considering wheth- uE er it might not become necessary to use the National Guard should the w] situation take on more serious pro- on portions. Te Reports that politicians on the m American side were responsible for is the uprisings arounsed much resent ment. At San Benito a mass meeting in of protest was held. On June 4, or speakers at this meeting -declared the fri secretary of war had been informed a that trouble was likely to break on pc the American side from this source. m Fifty-one citizens representing all wj political factions addressed the fol lowing statement to the Associated ar Press Thursday night: b3 "Statements attributed by you in ar to-day's dispatches to the secretary D of war and Gen. Funston to the ef- pl fect that conditions of brigandage in m Cameron and Hidalgo counties are bi due to any political feud are abso- se lutely without found'tion. All fac- th tions here are co-operating as Ameri can citizens to restore order and ob- er tain absolute protection for our fam- til ilies and property." di The killing Thursdty of three Mex- M ican outlaws near M reedes, Hidafgo- a, county, Texas, and the capture of bi twenty-two of the bandits' saddle -M horses In the same vicinity, lead to al the belief that at least one of the fr gangs -of Mexican raiders has been scattered.' st Details of the fighting are -not m available. Federal and state offi- ti< cials refuse to discuss the matter fr further than to announce that threp o] Moxicans had been killed. Except R for the fight in Hidalgo county, the n, situation in the Texas- border coun ties apparently was quiet. News which later was confirmed si says that Texas Rangers in Hidalgo S, county chased eight Mexicans who A reached the Mexican side of the Rio fr Grande. Sitting on the bank of that s( stream on the Mexican bide, the ban- a3 dits invited the Rangers to cross the 01 river, saying they were the leaders K sought by America nauthorities. The g, Rangers withdrew. It is believed the Mexicans are part of the band which r( abandoned their horses earlier in the M day and took to the brush. .1 WILSON SENDS WARSHIP IN HASTE TO VERA CRUZ , n Report From American Commander Tells of Urgent Need for . Plenty of Soldiers. V s( American warships LWednesday L were steaming at full speed for Vera tl Cruz, presumably under orders from al President Wilson, to protect foreign E interests which have been endangered c, there, and which will ue harmed, it sl is thought, in anti-foreign outbreaks X if the United States government in- fn tervenes. ^ i 8 7.' Responding to an urgent appeal U from Commander McNamee, senior t American naval officer at Vera Cruz d the battleships Louisiana and New t Ham'pshire sailed from Newport, R. I., Tuesday. night as a result of anti-e foreign demonstrations at the Mexi -can port. The warships will reinforcea the fleet of American guinbots in Mex lca~n waters.d Officials continued their reticence B Wednesday concerning the dispatch te of the warships. It was feared that b' if It became known in advance that the war vessels were on their way u Vera Cruz it might increase the tensi- g ty of the situation there. 14 President Wilson, in New Hamp- G shire, was advised of Comamnnder Mc- t: Namee's report, and several hours b later a long code dispatch reached the n navy department from Cornish. Then E it became known that the ships had h been Instructed to start immediately a for Vera Crug. p It was understood that President t Wilson himself ordered the warships 5 sent, although no official would ad mit even that they hWad sailed. Care a had been taken during the day to 0 point out that any naval or military D activity now only would be precau- R tionary to safeguard foreign Interests i and could not be constructed as con- si nected with the Pan-American confer- D ence to be resumed in New York. r highly tempered steel over the heart, h and a similar plate over 'the abdo men.h * * cl The Italian govei-nment has decid ed to make large purchases of meat and grain In the United States, not0 only for the army, but also for the civil population, according to reports from Rome. The purpose of thev authorities is 'to discourage specula tion In foodstuffs, which is being ex- b tensively conducted. *. g A committee of "the crusade of al the women of France," which coin-t mittee includes many of the most og prominent women in Paris, has pass- m ed a resolution condemning the sale ca of alcoholic beverages In the shops of G confectioners, tobacconists, and coal ti merchants, and demanding that the of sale .of intoxicants be prohibited in 6t communities where munitions of war are manufactured. Among the wo- s men on the committee are Mine. Poincare, the Duchesse de Rohan, the Comtesse de Greffulhe, and Mines. Alphonse Daubet, Emile Zola, Vivi- tl ani, Augagneur and Deroulede. a There have been serious riots in ai Seylon. In suppressing the insur- fc rections many natives have been kill- Gi ed and many more thrown into .iail. In Colombo alone it is stated that th 1,500 persons have been sentenced m to imprisonment for varying terms. st * * ci Because of a revolt of the Senussi cl tribes, the Italians have been forced pr to retire from Fezzan and go nearer ca the coast. The revolt has been fo- he mented by Turkish and German of- gi ficers. Fezzan is a territory 400 ar miles long by 300 wide, bounded by Tripoli on the north and on all other cE sides by the Sahara Desert. fr Squadrons of Austrian cruisers and ~ torpedo boats ha've several times late ly bombarded points on the Adriatic w railway, which skirts the sea on the vs Italian east coast. Stations have ta been damaged, and locomotives and cars destroyed. n Prince Oscar, the fifth son of Em- Sr peror William. has written a book an describing a winter battle in the G Champagne region, in which the ed French attempted an unsuccessfu'l assault against the German lines b near Perthes. The proceeds from the sale of the work will go to a relief fund for w'idows and orphans. cal British Aircraft in Raid. hu English aeroplanes claim to have ne destroyed the barracks and eight me houses and to have bombarded the or city of Smyrna. THE URMAN PLANS (Continued from first page.) v and Moscow into less t'san one :h of the original length. The plan to follow up a Russian :reat can, therefore, be carried out a basis entirely different from it of 1812, and before all, unlike a French Emperor's adventure, it s a certain and definite aim-the verance of the Russian armies from ir only vital bases of supplies ille the campaign of'Napoleon was re of all strategic objects, merely dertaken to carry French power St d glory into the capital of the only conquered rival. - And so the course of strategy, iich the German staff will further . pursue, can not be doubtful. The utons will cling to their -most for idable enemy in the east until he definitely crushed. - The soundness of this reasoning is dicated by the magnitude of the P erations under way on the eastern ti )nt. For the mere capture of a city a' campaign so gigantic that its pro- ci rtions will never be even approxi- sI ately conceived by the layman M yuld have never be-zA launched. i How little the present operations e generally understood Is evidenced ei the belief often expressed that an r( my of millions like that of Grand Ir ike Nicholas could have been com- h etely surrounded and that the c ovements of Generals von Hinden- g Lrg in the north and von Macken- a n in the south had co-operated to a at end and had failed. However, the objects of the north- fC n and southern offensives, for the 13 me being at least, are not at all b rectly co-operative. While von x ackensen's operations are directed fl ;ainst all Russian troops which are ised on Kiev and Kharkov, Field c4 arshal von Hindenburg's s.trategy ms at the Russian armies supplied 1 om Petrograd and Moscow. ti If this theory is correct, the first 0 ep of the Teutonic general staff x ust have for its object the separa- nx n of the Russian northern armies n on those of the south, then to V erate against the two groups of ussian provisioning centred in the g rth and south separately. $ The only direct railway communi- c tion between both groups of Rus- $ an armies leads from Kiev over 0 Lrny and Kovel to Brest-Litovsk. o 11 other communications eastward a om the latter fortress, the most 0 outhern of which runs over Pinsk h id Gomel at an average distance of ie hundred miles f-om the Kovel- e iev road, lead to the bases at Petro- 0 ad and Moscow. 0 The vast country between both g >ads is swampy and wholly unfit for $ ilitary operations, and' traversed e 1y by 'ene single one-track road, 0 nnecting both main roads between 0 rny and Luninez. A glance at the meral staff map will show that the b yssession of Kovel; therefore, virtu- 1 ly separates all communications be- 8 een the Russian armies of the t] rth and of the south. r The direction of Field Marshal von $ ackensen's advance will consequent- n , in all probability, shortly be found P swing again- eastward and later )utheastward. The control of the P ublin-Chelm-Kovel railroad must g ierefore have been the principal s [m. of his northward movement. e ovel, and then Sarny, the last link S )nnecting the north and the south, iould now be the object of von d [ackensen's centre; Luzk and Row- c a that of his right wing. t] To the Austrian armies along the i pper Bug, the Ziota Lipa and Dnies- I ar, will fall the task to engage and a tain the Russian forces opposing n iem, in order to enable von Macken m to cut them off from the north- 11 ist-from Kiev and Kharkov. The d eld marshal's left wing will prob- t bly remain in co-operation with the e ustrian army northeast of Lublin, hich, under Archduke Joseph Fer inand, will continue to drive against rest-Litovsk. Serious attempts to Lke this stronghold of the first class y force will hardly be attempted. The army of Brest-Litovsk, form- I ig the extreme left of the battle ~ ont of the Russian .northern arm is, extending over Bialystock to rodno, and Kovno, must fall a vic- ~ m to Field Marshal von Hinden- C urg's operationsi directed from the ( orthwest, from the provinces of 2 :ovno and Courland, where they I ave now assumed the proportions E ad agained the significance which I ~ redicted for them .in an article inE e New York Times as early as May All movements along the Vistula ad the 'Narew are now but of sec dary importance. Their object is ~ Lerely to detain as large a body of I ussian troops as possible, prevent- I g them from supporting the Rus an armies protecting the Vilna- t] unaburg lap of the railroad to Pet- 1 grad, the capture of which would 7 tomatically seal their fate. c This, the Russian staff can not o ave failed to recognize, and it is ti ard to understand why they have ung on to the western part of the d *arew line so long, and, even harder, h hat could have possibly been the G bject of dooming a. large garrison 9 capture in Novo-Georgievitch, the te rategical importance of which had 4 nished with the abandonment of g rarsaw. .s The natural course would have I 0 men the abandonment of Novo-Geor- ~ evitch simultaneously with War- , Lw, and subseqluently the gradual andonment of the positions along it e Narew from its mouth, in co- 12 eration with the gradual retire- p ent of the armies from the Polish tl pital. Clinging too long to Novo- ei eorgievitch and the western part of Le Narew front may become a source e] 'great regret to the Russian general js Meanwhile, all hopes for the Rus- a an armies of the north rest on Key- p . The road through this fortress a the best and most direct to reach tU e Petrograd railroad at Vilna. Fur- 1 Ler northeast, between Wilkomir id the region west of Dunaburg, the M~ untry is extremely difficult for an tU ivance. At the same time, Kovno w rms a menace to the right wing of neral von Buelow's army. f E~rom Kovno, in the direction of M e mouth of the Niemen, if at all, at ust come the Russian counter: fC roke. While it would have a fair M ance of temporarily, at least, ii ecking the German advance on the la 'incipal Russian "bread line," the tr pture of the fortress on the other pc Lnd would doom the campaign of a eat part of the Russian northern ci mies. e If Kovno should fail, Grodno, the of ntre of the Kovno-Brest-Litovsk ti: ant, the Brest-Litovsk, would not ei ye to be forcibly taken by the Ger- he n troops now pushing forward $! am the Narew and Bobr region; it w: :>uld become void of its strategic mn lue, and would have to be volun-: d< rily abandoned.- hi A further Russian retreat would - .w necessarily converge from all th ads on Minsk, from where the only ad of escape leads east toward Ti iolensk and Moscow. With Vilna th d Dunaburg in their hands, the ai rmans would, therefore, undoubt- wl ly aim at the Minsk-Smolensk line. 19 Thus the campaign will continue to de a relentless struggle for the four pa nciple arteries of the Russian fa hting machine. In which part they fe< a be intercepted is irrelevant. One is t. be it effected at Bialystock, or tic ndreds of miles further northeast, eli ar Dunaburg, on one road, or it th y be accomplished at Wilkowiski, qu miles away at Minsk on the other, Ibe XPORTS INCREASE AR CAUSES BI6 LEAP IN MUM C TIONS FOR WARRING RABE BALANCE LAKER t c ti atistics Tell You Just How Much 01 Increased Demand There Has Been S1 Created by the War-Gold is Flow- b ing Into This Country Very Rap gi idly. Large increases in exports of ex- t3 osives, iron and steel manufac res, automobiles, leather, cotton E id woolen goods, chemicals, all asses of metal goods *and in food uffs are shown by detailed depart- I ent of coibmerce statistics for May, N sued last week. . s4 There has been a large increase in e, :ports of all lines of goods that are 1( Kquired as war supplies, such as sl on and steel products, packing )use stuffs, woolen goods, chemicals, e, >tton seed oil and cake, all metal yods except copper, leather goods, u atomobiles and trucks, cotton, goods, id refined sugar. h Some of these articles, as sugar, sl ir instance, are not classified strict- 0 as war supplies, but are in demand cause of the shutting off of Ger an, Austrian, and Russian iupplies b -om countries like England aid Tur- a ey that import all the sugar they )nsume. Exports of explosives over May, t 914, increased $5,500,000. The to Ll for last May aggregated $9,00,- b GO. Exports of explosives for eleven tonths in 1914 aggregated approxi- c ately $6,000,000, while for eleven onths in the fiscal year 1915 the b tal exceeds $30,000,000. Iron and steel exports for May ag regated $26,500,000, an increase of 6,800,000 over May, 1914.; commer al automobile exports aggregated s 6,600,000, an increase of $6,500, 00; for eleven months this year j Dmmercial automobile exports mount to approximately $30,500, 00, as compared with .$1,000,000 )r the previous period. Refined sugar exports for the leven months aggregate $23,000, 00, an increase 'of more than $21, 00,000. Flour exports for May ag regated $9,800,000, an increase of t 5,500,000 over May, 1914. For the a even months flour aggregated $88,- , 00,000, as compared with $50,000, 00 in the 1914 period. - C Leather manufacturers other than oots and shoes increased over May, 914, $4,900,000; cotton goods, $2, 00,000; brass and manufactures ereof, $3,600,000; cars and car iages, $2,300,000; cotton seed oil, 1,400,000; cheese, $1-,800,000; zinc 1 ianufactures, $2,500,000; aero- t lanes, $200,000. Slight decreases occurred in ex orts- of copper, boards, electrical r oods, agricultural implements, naval 1 tores, timber, tobacco, alcoholic bev- C rages, earthenware and musical in- a truments. The falling off in foreign trade uring May appears directly in pig. r opper, which is 15 per cent. less i an in April; boards and planks, 50 er cent. less; agricultural imple-t ents, 30 per cent. less; electrical pparatus, 10 per cent. less, andt aval stores, 30 per cent. less. The principal increases, as shown i rodnd figures, are given in hun red *housands In the following ible, the comparison being with thet iports of May, 1914: -1 ron and steel manufac tures ...........$265 $19 ~ened mineral oils 128 126 lour .. .... ........98 43 ~xplosives .. ...... ....80 4 eather .. ..........85 36 otton goode.... ......68 40 ommercial automobiles. 66 1 assenger automobiles ..40 29 ~rass .. .. .. .. .. ....41 5 ars and carriages -... 34 11 otton seed oil .. .. ....24 10 Inc manufactures .. . 25 ~efned sugar. .. .. .. ..23 2 oots and shoes. .. .. ..21 13 heese. .. ...... .. .....18 ~inding twine and other fibre mainfactures ...18 91 1ll cake and meal ...18 9 ~aper.... .. ..~. .. ..17 16 tubber .. .........15 10 'ilm and photo goods ..14 8 ead ..................14~ 2 'araffine and wax . .. 13 4a The volume of gold coming Into 1 tie country during May was $31,- 1 36,000. In May, 1914, It was $1,- I 55,062. During the past May gold amne in at New York to the amount f $13,403,935, and at Ogdemsburg > the amount of $13,516,803. The re.ceipts of gold from Canada uring the eleven months ended with ay were $62,740,122, and from I reat Britain in the same period $1,- ~ 53,746. Canada's transfer of gold >this country during May was $14,- ] 94,536, as compared with $1,045,.. 17 the same month last year. France ' nt us In May this year $11,500, 00 of gold, having sent us In the receding ten months of the fiscal ear but $52,926. . t Our export of gold to all countries t 1 the eleven months ended with ay was $631,720. The total Im- t ort of gold fi om all countrios for 1 ie eleven months of the fiscal year aded with May was $119,227,015. D The grand balance of trade for the ~ even months ended with May, 1915, ~ of interest to those who desire to e ke a broad view of the trade situ- ~ tion. The total exports for the I eriod named were $2,500,041,924, compared with $2,207,507,101 for ~ ie eleven months ended with May, f 914. Imports were down to the end of ~ :ay, 1915, $1,516,475,600. and for t ie same months the previous year I ere $1,736,396,207. The total of exports and Imports b >r the eleven months ended with - ay this year was $4,016,516,524. t id the total of exports and Imports r the same months ended wIth ~ ay, 1914, was $3,943,903,308, giv- q1 g an increase for this year over .st -in the grand total of foreign ~ ade, including both exports and Im- t rts, of $'d,613,216. While this year exports have in eased by $292,534,823 In the b even mouths Imports have fallen 0] I by $219,921,607. At the same e me the balance of trade for the b even months ended with May, 1915, t~ d reached the enormous amount of 183567,3 24. and, as is well known. I' ith the balance for the following b onth of June, passed the billion l3 llar mark for the first time In the P story of the country. e Russian army.e It must not be forgotten that the s ~utons have before them no longer t( e flower of' an excellently trained t~ d equipped army of millions. cc ich advanced on them in August, cc 14, but an army whose continuous 0 feats and whose loss of the greater gi *rt of its first line troops can not ai , in time, to have an adverse al-. et on its morale; an opponent who 9 sorely in need of officers. muni- 1s >ns and supplies of all kinds. His uc mination from the campaign along cl lines just mentioned Is but a eston of time. Not before It has en accomplished will the Germanic to .a.tm n toth want da UP'S OFFICERS. INDICTED FOR DEATHS ON EASTLAND idcago Grand Jury Charges Man- L slaughter and Criminal Carelessness. Indictments charging manslaugh r and criminal carelessnezs were turned in the criminal court at Chi go Wednesday in connection with Le Eastland disater. The captain and engineer and four s icers of the .St. Joseph-Ch-eago eamship company, owners of the )at, are named as follows: George T. Arnold, president. Willitm H. Hull, vice-president and mneral manager. W. C. Steele, secretary-treasurer Ray W. Davis, assistant secretary -easurer. Harry Pederson, captain of the 0 astland. 0 Joseph M. Erickson, engineer. h Bonds were fixed at twenty thou- d md dollars each for officials and n m thousand dollars each for Pede,*- u mn and Erickson. The two lastinam- I1 I are charged with criminal care- a mssness and the officials with man- 3 Laughter. .2 The bill against the officials charg- V "That they knew the Eastland was 0 nseaworthy and had no stability. a "That they permitted twenty-five r undred passengers aboard the ves al, which is more than its carrying t apacity. t "That they were negligent in hir-: t ig an incompetent engineer, who, 1 ecause of his lack of. skill, was un- t ble to control the boat properly. I "That the crew did not number nough hands to manage and control t he Eastland properly. "The ballast tasks were allowed to I e out of repair and were not filled. t Against Captain Pederson these r harges were brought: "That he permitted- aboard the oat a larger numbei of passengers ban she could safely carry. "That he neglected to warn the 1 assengers to leave the Eastland t rhen it became apparent to him that t he was about to overturn. "That he was negligent in not see- I g that the ballast tanks werein re air and were properly filled. "That he was negligent In not see- 4 g that the chalk-holes -and gang rays were closed when the ship was aded." Counts against.Erickson are simi ar. The report of the grand' juryjnde & hat the disaster was caused by "In- 1 tability under conditions 6f load mg," and states that the instability ras due to "one-of three main causes, t any two of all them," as follows: The overloading of the vessel with assengers. The mishandling of water ballast. The construction of the vessel. The report sa-s that Eastland be an loading passengers without water allast and belated efforts to fill the anks failed. "That- the instability of the boat ras -not corrected years before; -we egard as indicating criminal care essness or incompetency on the part I f all persons connected with the de- 1 ign, construction, control, operation I ,nd inspection of the boat," says the I eport. It points out that federal.in pectors had the right to refuse a per ait to the boat; but that they are enerally not trained men and failed' o make stability tests. "The handling of tl~e ballast by heofficers- of the boat- indicates ari tire lack of understanding of the1 (roper uses of water big.llast and an absolute disregard of safetyafter re eated warnings and frequent indica-1 ions of extreme instability," con inues the report. The jury recommends that expert eder1approval be required for the onstruction of steam vessels, and onstant inspection arid supervision.1 ILSON IS OVER 2,000,000 VOTES AIJEAI) OF 111S'PARTY enator Ashurst Says President is Bound to Win Be-election at the Elections Next Year. In his capacity as political field leutenant and confidential inform-* int of President Wilson, Senator lenry F. Ashurst of Arizona has tartesl at Detroit a fortnight's can 'ass of Michigan, with the declara ion that it will be "Wilson In 1916, rid the rest nowhere.' Coming at he end of a fourteen-thousand-miki our of the United States, made at he president's request, and lasting ince March 1 last, Senator Ashurst's tatements were' regarded by poflti ans as significant. The position of the United States. Lue to the European war and thsc roubles in Mexico, have made the presdent the logical party leader, ays the- senator. Mr. Ashurst on his our has talked *with cowboys and I lankers, lumberjacks and profes onal men, and, after carefully reighing and digesting the sentiment e has found, he declares, that Mr. ilson is to-day two million votesC btroge thre his party He says ha fteewere a presidential ele [on to-day Mr. Wilson would carry few York handily, and come closer a sweeping Michigan than any other ying Democrat. "Woodrow Wilson will run - for resident,'' he said, "because he will ave no other choice. I measure my ords when I say that he will be re lected president without any trouble. 'he people will have no other leader. twas fortunate for both Woodrow rilson and for the United States that e became president at such a time. rtunate for him because the times made him- the one great outstanding gure in civilization to-day, and for nate for the United States because e is the one calm, resourceful lead r whose peculiar abilities enabled im to steer the country safely rough the international difficulties t iat have beset it. t "From the standpoint of the great U iass of the people there is but one uestion, and that relates to the ward iEurope. The people know they I ave the one man to lead them safely c rough. Woodrow Wilson is that ~ "Republican congressmen are in a d ad way. They denounce Wilson penly for the sake of their constitu- ~ icies, and they praise him privately, ' acause there is no other thing for e iem to do. "The Republicans have but onea rorn hope. Some of them affect to ti alieve and many of them do sincere- h believe tha; there Is one moreh esident wrapped up in the tariff u lestion. They' will find their mis- " ke a sad one. The tariff question is b itirely subme:-ged in the great is- c es the war inL Europe has brought the foreground The solution of i t tariff question lies In a tariff " immission, an:1 this idea has many nverts. We have come to see the PV -ror in wasting the public wealth by lP ving over this question to weeks id weeks of congressional debate. ri "Neither will the currency ques- al n detract greatly from the great te ues involved. Man$ Republicans, l e tably Senator Weeks, voted for the as .rrenJqy bill." The British steamer Jacona, 2,869 ns, was sunk by a submarine Fri PPEAL TO MEXIIO EADERS GIVEN RN DAYS TO REPLY TO THE NOTE, fANT PEACE CONFERENCE cretary of State of the United States and Representatives From Other Central and South American Countries Send Communication to Warring Nations. The Pan-American appeal to Mexi 3, now being delivered to the chiefs f factions and governors of states, as been made public by the state epartment. Without even an inti iation of armed intervention, it calls pon the leaders to meet somewhere i Mexico on neutralized ground, in conference "to adopt the first steps ecessary to the constitutional' re onstruction of the country" and- to sate a call for immediate elections. The services of the United'or any f the other Pan-American conferees re offered as intermediaries to ar ange the meeting. The appeal, although addressed to he political and military leaders, akes the form of an announcement o the Mexican people themselves. Ls made public by the department he document is prefaced by this an ouncement: "The Mexican people are Informed. hat the following communication as been sent to many 'prominent iersons in Mexico who . possess au hority or military power within -the epublic." Then follows this appeal, dated-at ashington, August 11: "The-undersigned, tho secretary of tate of the United States, the am assadors eittaordinary and plenipo entiary of Brazil, Chile and Argen ina, and the envoys extraordinary ad ministers plenipoteitiary of Bo ivia, Uruguay and Guatemala, ae redited to the government of the Inited States of America, acting sev rally and independently, unanimous y send to you the following com nuniation: "Inspired by the most sincere spirit of . American fraternity, and onvinced that they rightly Interpret he earnest wish of the entire conti ent, have met informally at the sug estion of the secretary of state of he ,Unitod Strtes to consider, the* ifexican- situation and to- ascertain. whether their friendly and disinter sted help could be successfully 'em loydd to re-establish peace and con titutional order In our sister repub-' Ic. "In the heat of the -frightful strug le which for so long has steeped in >lood the Mexican soil, doubtless all nay well have lost sight of the dis olving effects of -the strife upon the nost vital conditions of -the national' xistence, not only upon the life and iberty- of the Inhabitants, but upon he prestige and security of the coun ry. We can not doubt, however io one can doubt-that in the pres mce of a' sympathetic appeal Iromi heir brothers of America, recalling o them th-e disastrous effects, ask- - ng them to save tleir -motherland rom an abyss-no one can doubt, we epeat, that the patriotism of the nen who lead or -aid In any way the bloody strif4 will' not remain un noyed; no one can doubt that 4ach Lnd every one cof them, measuring In 'is own? conscience his share in the 'esponsiblities -of past misfortune nd looking forward to his share in :he glory of the pacification and re onstruction of -the country, will re pond nobly and resolutely to .this 'riendly appeal and give their best fforts to .opening the way to some saving action. "We, the undersigned, believe that f the men directing the armed move nents in Mexico--whcther political >r military chiefs--should agree .to neet, either in person or by dele ates, far fi-om the sound of cannon, Lnd with no other insnlration save :he thought of their afflicted land, ;here to exchange ideas and to. deter nine the fate of their- country from such action would result in a strong td unending agreemcnt~ for the cre Ltion of' a provisional government vich can adopt the fi'st steps neces ary to the constitutiogal reconstruc ion o* the country-and to issfle the rst and most essential of them all, h3 immediate call to general elec ions. "An adequate place within the dexican frontiers, which for the par >ose might be neutralized, should erve as- the seat of the conference; nd in .order to bring about a confer ~nce of the natui'e desired, the under igned will act as intermediaries to rrang~e the time, place and other de ails of such conferenc'e if this action an in any way aid the Mexican pee "The undersigned expect to reply o this communication within a rea nable time, and consider that such' time would be ten day's after the ommunication is delivered, subject o prorogation for cause. 'Robert Lansing. Secretary of State of the United States. D. Da. Gama. Ambassador Extraor dinary and Plenipotentiary of Bra zil. 'Edo. Saurez-Mujica, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Chile. -- R. S. Naon, Ambassador Extraordl nary and Plenipotentiary of Ar gentina. L. Calderon. Envoy Extraordinary . and Minister Plenipotentiary of Bolivia. "Carlos Maria de Pena. Enxoy Ex traordinary and Minister Plenipo tentiary of Uruguay. Joaquin Mendez, Envoy Extraordi nary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Guatemala." The appeal went forward Saturday 3 Carranza and Villa and to more han a score of other mil~itary and olitical leaders throughout Mexico. -s replie-s are asked for within ten ays after the appeal is received, no urther meeting of the Pan-Ameri an conference is nianned until they ave been received or It may be aD arent that some of the Mexicans ad ressed do not propose to reply. The conferees confidently expect ithin a reasonable time enough fa orable replies to warrant them in rtending their aid to arrange'for the roosed peace congress. Carranza's ttitude still is a matter of snecula on. Although his position thus far as been regarded as defiant, it is oped the friendly tone of the appeal ay lead him to open negotiations 'ith the conferees. It generally is elieved he will renly by making >unte:--proposals of some sort. Should Carranza make no reply hatever, it is expected the conferees ill accept the invitation of other ctions to arrange details for a ace conference without his partici-. tion. In support of a government not - ~presenting all of the factions prob >y it would become necessary to ex nd the plans of the Pan-American nference. An embargo on arms ainst forces which might oppose e new government probably would the first step. -president Wilson 's now taking up . .....ian of our nationa1 defensoe.