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VOL. XXVIII. 'MANNING, S. C., WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25, 1915. TORPEDOES LINER ARABIC GOES DOWN CLOSE BY LUSITANIA'S GIRAVE NO AMERICANS DROWNED White Star Liner Torpedoed on Her Way to New York, Thirty-Two Per sons Being Drowned - Struck Without Warning After Seeing An other Ship Destroyed. The best information available in London Friday indicated that a score or more persons lost their lives in the siking of the White Star liner Arabic by a German submarine Thursday morning off the South of Ireland.' It had not been determined definitely whether any Americans were among the dead. Dr. Edmond F. Wood of Janesville, Wis., and Mrs. Josephine L. Brugiere, an American, who had lived 'in Europe for a number of years were missing. The White Star announced Friday morning that all except exight pas sengers had been landed at Queens town. Four were said to be Ameri cans. According to information ca bled to Washington by Lewis C. Thompson, Ameri&n consul at Queenstown, however, Dr. Wood and Mrs. Brugiere are the only missing Amerieans. The other two-James Houlihan, of Philadelphia, and Thos. Elmore ot New York-were reported by Mr. Thompson to have been saved. In all about four hundred of the four hundred and twenty-three per sons on board the Arabic had been accounted for. The fate of the others still wis in doubt, but as the hours lengthened since the Arabic met with swift destruction, hopes that the others may have been saved faded. - The announcement that only eight of the_passengers were supposed to be lost bore out earlier reports that the great majority of the missing were members of the crew. Captain William Finch gave testi mony to the heroism of his engineers and firemen, several of whom re mained at their pozts to the last and probably sacrificed their lives. Oth er survivors said the torpedo killed outright several men in the boiler rooms. It struck on the starboard side about one hundred feed from the stern, near the boiler rooms The torpedoing of the Arabic has stirred England from end to end, al though on account of the compara tively small- loss of life, public feel -ing does not show signs of running> as high as in the days following the sinking of the,Lusitania. That such a large proportion of the passengers and crew should have been saved in a short time is regard ed as btptter fortune than might have been expected. Apparently it was due to the coolness and courage of - th.e officers and crew, from Captain Finch who remained at his post until just before the Arabic took her final p'unge down to the firemen, who fac ed death, to perform their duty. . Fine weather and a calm sea also contributed to the outcome. In Queenstown everything p -ssible was done to assist the survivors, many of whom were without clothes or -money. As in- the case of the Lusi tania disaster, the citizens of Queens town went to the assistance of the sufferers. A number of the survivors were suffering from minor injuries, but so far as is known none is in a serious condition. With the-main facts ',f the disaster established, the Englisa public turn ed its attention to the possible effect upon relations between the United States and Germany. Definite word whether American lives had been lost was awaited with more eagerness than any other detail of the Arabic's story yet to be told. The White Star liner Arabic was torpedoed and sunk on her way to New York by a German submarine at 9.15 o'clock Thursday morning southeast of Fastnet. The steamer,. according to the White Star line, was attacked with out warning and went down in ten minutes. Of the 423 persons on board-181 passengers and 242 members of the crew-32 are miss ing and are believed to have perish ed. Most of those not accounted for belong to the crew. Only six passen gers are reported missing. . Whether any of those not account efor are Americans has not yet been determined, but there were only 26 citizens of the United States on - board, 22 being in second cabin and four in the steerage. New York * reports that a careful checking of the various lists of survivors of the Arabic as given out in Lon don, Washington and New York showed that all passengers listed by the White Star line as Americans on board the vessel had been saved. It is possible that some Americans boarded the liner as she was about ot sail and were carried in the list given out by the White Star line as of other nationalities. The Arabic carried no first class passengers, hav ing lately been turned into a two class liner. Survivors left the steamer in the ship's boats and were picked up by passing vessels They arrived in Queenstown Thursday night and are being cared for by the White Star line in hotels ard boarding houses in the little town which a short time ago cared for the Lusitania survivors and dead. Details of the sinking of the Ara bic are lacking, 'but that the loss of life was not greater doubtless was duo to the fact that the weather was fine cud that steamers plying the German submarine war zone now keep their boats swung out. The .torpedo that sank the Arabic struck her on the statboard side 100 (Continued on last page.) .Nothing Against Germans Attorney General Gregory reported to President Wilson Friday that in vestigation into charges of activities of German agents in this country had, so far, disclosed nothing to lead to action by the department of jus tice. Hero of Flood Dies Fire Chief McMahon of Erie, Pa., who rescued several persons during the recent flood, died Friday as a re sult of pneumen~fia contracted in the chilly waters. Two British Steamers Sunk The Restormel. 1,349. and the Bar on Erskine, 3.505 tons, were destroy ed..by German submarines Friday. The cews were saved. ALLIES ARE DETERMINED MAKE COTTON CONTRABAND Authorized Announcement Made at Washington of the British Ambassador. "The allied governments have agreed in principle that cotton is contraband of war. The exact date when this announcement shall be made still is under consideration, as well as other details connected with the proclamations." This statement was authorized Thursday at the Brit ish embassy at Washington. As roon as the official :.nnounce ment is made it will be disclosed also that the allied governments have prepared to stand behind the market to prevent ruinous depression of prices and minimize hardships to planters. The American government several days ago was informed unofficially, but authoritatively, off the intention of the allied governments to make cotton contraband, and was informed that they will claim a legal right for their action. It was explained that the Allies re frained f "m making cotton contra band at the outset of. the war because of conditions in the United States, where a large crop had been planted, and a contraband order then would, in their opinion, have been far more serious. Now, the Allies contend, the cotton states 'have been prepared for a change in policy by reduction of acreage. Some of the cotton interests, allied quarters acknowledge, may be affected by the change, and for that reason it has been decided to stand behind the market to minimize em barrassment and to avoid a perma nent decrease in American cotton planting, which would be reflected in the industries of th6 allied coun tries. The principal reason for declaring cotton contraband is that it is one of the principle sources of smokeless powder. How the Allies propose to support the cotton market is not ex plained. WILSON GRASPS DETAILS OF ATTACK UPON TIlE LINER Takes Long Auto Ride While Re solving in His Mind the Lat est Happening. The official details upon which President Wilson will decide whether the sinking of the White Star liner Arabic was an act deliberately un friendly to the United States, still were lacking at Washington Friday. Meanwhile the president and other officials, while realizing fully the gravity of the new situation between the United States and Germany, were keeping their minds' open. President Wilson left the White House early to motor to Philadelphia to visit his oculist. When he has a deep problem in his mind, it is the president's habit to seek seculsion, after riding through the countryside. ny two official dispatches had been received. They merely transmitted the reports of the White Star liner. The United States' will decide its ourse upon the reports of its own officials. Ambassador Page forwarded a White Star line report that the ship was torpedoed without warning and Vice Consul Thompson at Queens town made a similar report. Neither a~ccounted for Mrs. Josephine S. Bru guiere, nor Dr. Edmund Woods, the wo Americans still missing. There is no attempt in official :arters to minimize the situation onfronting the president if investi gation develops a violation of Ameri an rights indefiance of the last note to Germany which gave notice in final terms that another sinking like that of the Lusitania would be con sidered an act "deliberately unfriend The prospect of severance of dip lomatic relations again came forward. but it was understood that 'if such a ourse should be decided on, it would not immediately be announced. AUTO SLID BACKWARD. DOWN STEEP MUDDY HILL Young Doctor and His Grandmother Have Narrow Escape From Serious Injury One of the most miraculous. es ar from instant death or serious bodily injuries occurred near Lexing ton Monday afternoon, when the au to mobile of Dr. Guy B. Taylor came uncoupled just as the top of the hill coming into town from the mill vil lage was reached. Immediately the machine reversed itself, running backward for a quar ter of a mile. or till it reached the foot of the hill, where, in spite of the efforts of Dr. Taylor, the car ran into a telephone pole near the em bankment, coming to a standstill. In the machine with Dr. Taylor at the time was his age I grandmother, who was thrown from the car when the machine came to a sudden and unexpected stop. Happily the wo man, in spite of her advanced age and feebleness, came out uninjured, save the great excitement incident to the hair-splitting experience. The escape from death is the more miraculous by reason' of the fact that the hill was slippery, a heavy rain haing fell during the afternoon. The brakes refusing to work, there was nothing for the driver and occu pants of the machine to do but "sit steady in the boat" and try to keep the machine from running into the deep ditches on each side of the nar row roadbed. Sink British Ships German torpedo boat destroyers have sunk a small British cruiser and a British destroyer by torpedoing them in an engagement of small craft off the west coast of Jttland, the German admiralty announced Thurs I |# Mexicans are Lynched Two Mexicans held in the jail at San Benito, in connection with the Austin killing on ,.ie Sebastian road last week, were taken out Monday in the absence of a guard and killed. Russian Fleet W1ithdraws Petrograd: "Our warships protect ing the entrance to the Gulf of Riga Thursday drew closer in. owing to the the great superiority of the ene TO HANDLE COTTONT COMPTROLLER SAYS NATIONAL BANKS ARE READY TO FINANCE IN THE CROP f S John Skelton Williams Points Out a That Resources of Federal Reserve a and National Institutions are Am ple to Take Care of Staple--An nouncement Follows Notification of 1 b Its Contraband Character. f r John Skelton Williams, comptroller i of the currency, announced Thursday that the present unemployed loaning . capacity of national banks and re serve banks was sufficient to finance c at market value the entire cotton a crop and half, if not all, of the to- s bacco and wheat crops and to justify p an e.xpension of credit of two or three r billion dollars. A statement issued by the comp- A troller -referred to the prospect for unusual demands for funds, particu- i1 larly if cotton should be declared t1 contraband, and declared that never t] before had the banks been so strong n and so thoroughly prepared to handle s, any problem. Just before the statement was is- a sued the British embass' authorized c: the announcement that the Allies had fi agreed on the principle that cotton Ix was contraband. Special requirements d which the banks may have to meet in si the near future were summarized by 0 Mr. Williams as follows: sl "First. The yearly recurring de- P mand for funds with which to move h the crops, which this year, except as to cotton, are unusually large and It commanding full prices. g "Second. The unusual demand for d funds which may arise to enable cot ton growers to meet any congestion in the movement or marketing of the crop, in the event that cotton should be declared contraband. "Third. Demands which are likely to be made on national banks, both directly and indirectly, in connection N with the extension of ,.edit to for eign purchasers of supplies of all kinds, and to pay for the American securities which may be returned to us by foreign creditors." Continuing the statement . said: t1 "The actual figures show that the R present condition of the national d, banks of this country have never be- s< fore been so strong and so thorough- b: ly prepared to grapple with and han- C dle successfully any problem, how ever large, which may be presented to f( them, as they are to-day. These fig- is ures show that the national banks of ft this countr'y and the twelve federal -w reserve banks, exclusive of state f2 banks and trust companies, have at w this time an unemployed loaning ca pacity sufficient to enable them, if v need be, to carry for our own people o1 at market value the entire cotton c( crop, and half if not the whole of the o wheat crop and tobacco crop, which d it is not of /course conceivable that v they will be asked to do, and also s( finance, until the purchasers can pay C us in gold or its equivalent, a thou- E sand million dollars or so .of exports E of foodstuffs or manufactured prod- s< ucts to be shipped to the rest of the world. ' t "It is far better for the banks to ti employ their surplus funds in mak- T ing loans on staple commodities g: where they can 'relieve congestion or promote legitimate commercial trans actions rather than permit these funds to be used for the inflation of the stock markets where speculation in securities has already reached a point which invites caution. "The abstract of condition of na tional banks as of June 23, 1915, N just completed, shows that Dotwith standing the great reduction in re serve requirements which went into effect with the inauguration of the federal reserve system in November last, the actual reserves of the na- tl tional banks to June 23, 1915, are n far in excess of the largest reserves w ever held at any' one time in the past B history of the country and amounted si to one billion eight hundred and forty a: million dollars or seven hundred and seventy-eight million dollars more B than the amount which the national o banks are required to hold. .a "This surplus reserve, it is esti- Ii mated. is sufficient to juctify, on a a conservative basis, an expansion of al credit, or a fui'ther loaning power of, h say, $2,000,000,000 or $3,000,000, 000. The present total loans of all ei the national banks amount to about tl $6,660,000,000. A year ago the sur- y, plus reserve of the national bank was d only $41,000,000, so that the increase h over the surplus reserve shown ap year ago is $37,000,000.- o "The total reserve of the national banks now exceeds by $3ti,000,000 the greatest reserve ever held by na tional banks at any time prior to the passage of the federal reserve act. "Specie held by the national banks S and the federal reserve banks amounts to close to $1,000,000,000. The specie in the national banks in creased between May 1 and June 23, 1915, $71,000,000. "The reports of the federal reserve banks at this time show that the total amount of bills disecunted and v acceptances held by these banks amount to approximately $40,000,-d 000, while the supply of gold which the federal reserve banks have now on hand is sufficient to give these a banRs a further lo: ing capacity, if the occasion called for it, of more than 630,000,000 additional, provid- a ed they could utilize their note issu-a ing powers to the maximum. "Against their maximum direct borrowings in the past of $162,617, 000, the reports of the national banks as of June 23, 1915, show that they had on.hand on that date paper s eligible for rediscount with the fed- 7I eral reserve banks amounting to $1,- a 619000,000, which i. more than ten I. times the maximum amount which q the national banks of the country, t according to their sworn statements t. to the comptroller of the currency. G have ever heretofore had occasion to borrow on their bills payable or by rediscounts. "The sound ess of our new bank- s ing and currency system and its abil- s ity to meet successfully even the f, most trying emergencics have been 1: demonstrated. We also have confi de~ce that it will be equally able to b cope with and control inflation grow- ' ing out of prosperity. It behooves the Ic national banks and the dep.rtmlen t .. of the government charged with thiir supervision to exercise, under pres- Is nt circumstances, the utmcst vigi lac and a whoncsome rcstraint lest t ROTEST SEIZURE OF THE DACIA BY THE FRENCH tate Department Intends to Uphold American Contention in Strong Note. With the condemnation of the Lmerican cotton ship Dacia as a law ui prize by the French courts, the ase of the captured ship enters the phere of diplomacy, and unless an ppeal is granted, a strong protest ased on a "denial of justice" prob bly' will be drawn up by the state epartment to be forwarded to the 'rench foreign office. An investigation, of the conditions nder which the former Hamburg merican liner was purchased will egin, it Is believed, as soon as the all decision of the French courts eaches Washington. If it is estab shed to the satisfaction of the .merican government that the trans r from the German to the Ameri an flag was legitimate and the ange of registry was made without ny stipulations which might cast aspicion on its validity, a vigorous rotest will be made against the Ight of a belligerent to interfere ith foreign-built schips flying the merican flag. The position of this government, is understood, will be taken on ie broad principle of the right of ie United States to acquire by legiti Late purchase vessels from any >urces whatever. Cases similar to that of the Dacia ad numerous other similar claims ises have begun to pour into the of ce of solicitor of the state depart tent. The American tanker Brin ila, formerly German owned, is ill held -by the British, and the Pass f Balmaba and the Dunsyre are :heduled to come before German ize courts soon. Inquiry In Berlin as failed to elicit a statement of e grounds for the detention.of the .st named vessels, and no word as what action Is contemplated in re ird to the Brindilla has been receiv from London. R. JOHNSON IS HONORED; ELECTED TO HIGH OFFICE ational Educational Association Places South Carolina Man at Its Head. Dr. David B. Johnson, president of te Winthrop Industrial College, ock Hill, S. C., rwas elected presi mt of the National Education As ciation at Oakland, Cal., Thursday r a vote 479 to 184 for Miss Grace Strachan, of Brooklyn, N. Y. Miss Grace C. Strachan, the de ated candidate for the presidency, district superintendent of schools r the city of New York. She is the oman who led and won the now mous fight for "equal pay for equal ork." Among those present at the con mtion were: Dr. Maria Montessori, Rome, Italy; Ferdinand Buison, mmander of the Logion of Honor, France; Dr. Joseph Swain, presi mt of Swathmore College, Pennsyl nia; Ernesto Nelson, director of ondary education for Argentina; . W. Crook, vice-president of the aglish National Union of Teachers; Ila Flagg Young, superintendent of ihools'in Chicago. - - Modern phases of the education of t youth of this and coming genera ens were discussed at the congress. his is the third International Con -ess N. E. A. RRAND BOY RUNS INTO GUN SET TO GET THIEF egro Had His Leg Torn Off Whe He Comes In Contact With Trap Gun. A deplorable accident occurred in L town of Blacksburg Tuesday ight when a negro boy named Gaddy as shot in the yard of Mr. Charles ird, of that town. Mr. Bird had for me time been losing wood by theft, d set a spring gun near the wood. Sh-rtly after setting the gun Mrs. ird ordered some articles from one the stores, and when the boy lad went into the back yard to de ver. the goods, he came in contract ith the loaded gun, which was fired, most severing one of his legs from is body. Physicians amputated the shatter I limb, and it is to be hoped that e boy, who is only about thirteen cars of age, will recover. Mr. Bird aeply regrets the occurrence, and if a had known that the boy was ex acted would have been on the look Lt for him. HIONORS CAROLINIAN ardgeon General Rupert Blue Re ceives High Decoration A Washington Dispatch Friday Lys: Trustees of the American medi n gold medal award have unani tously selected Surgeon General Ru ert IBlue, of the public health ser te, as the American physician who id most for humanity in the do ain for medicine during 1914. The 1194 gold medal has been warded to him for his work in na tonal health and sanitation. Dr. lue is a brother of Vistor Blue, rear umiral in the United S&ttes navy, ad both are, sons of the late Capt. .G. Blue of Marion county, S. C., -ho was state senator in 1876. Ship Bread to Galveston Ten thousand loaves of bread were ipped from Dallas to Houston late hursday to be forwarded as quickly s possible to Galveston. Mayor sindsley ordered the bread on re uest of Mayor Fisher of Galveston, mayors of other Texas cities that 'ey buy bread, for which the city of alveston would reimburse them. Five Vessels Sunk. The British steamer Bonny and the panish steamer Isidoro have been; unk. Twenty-one of the crew of the >rfer and eight of the creu of the ttter were saved. The Norwegian eamer Romulus a'id Mineral have een sunk. The crews were savd. ' trawler George was sunk. Her rew was savea. ver-confidence and unwise expan ion or speculation may check the osperity which now seems so likely , ineca and endure." GERMANS CAPTURE FORTS; TAKE OVER 200 CANNON Austrians are Advancing Upon Brest Litovsk From North and South west; Fate Probably Sealed The Russians, it is believed in Lon don, probably will have to fall back further than the Brest-Litovsk line, as Berlin reports that Gen. Lits mann's troops have taken forts -on the southwest front of Kovno. This probably means the early -fall of the fortress itself, between which and the capture of the Warsaw-Petro grad railway there can not be much delay. The fort on the northeast of Novogeorgievsk also has fallen and the cordon has been closed around the forts. Following the announcement by Berlin of the capture of the impor tant forts just south of Kovno, a large number of prisoners and 240 cannon, Vienna asserts that the Aus tro-Hungarian troops have advanced to Dobrynka, thirteen miles south west of Brest-Litovsk, and that the Austrian Archduke Joseph Ferdi nand is advancing on Janow, twenty miles northwest of the fortress. The capture of these two points seemingly would dangerously threaten the fort ress which it has been asserted Grand Duke Nicholas purposed to make one of the strong points of his line of de fense. Berlin reports: Army group of Field Marshal von Hindenburg. Further battles in the region of Kup ski,resulted successfully, and 625 prisoners, including three officers, as well as three machine guns, fell into our hands. - The troops of the army of Gen. von Eichhorn, under the leadership of Gen. Litsmann, took the forts of Kovno, sitiated between the Niemen and Gesia. Moro than forty-five hundred Russians were ta ken prisoners, and more than 240 cannon and numerous other mate rials were captured. "The armies of Gen. von Scholz and Gen. von Gallwitz by dint- of ontinuous fighting, drove their op ponents further back in on easterly direction, and 1,860 Russians, in cluding eleven officers, were taken prisoner, and one cannon and ten machine guns were captured. "On the northeastern front of Novogeorgievsk a large fort and two intermediary fortificationis were tak en. by storm. . On the other .front we succeeded almost everywhere in forc ing the enemy further back. We cap tured twenty-four hundred prisoners, together with nineteen cannon and other materials." BALKANS TO JOIN ALLIES". SAYS BIG ITALIAN PAPER Entente Powers Guarantee Cession of Some Territory and Hope for Quick Action. . .Rome, Italy,- reports through Paris Friday: The enterrte powers, accord ing to a positive statement rade by the Sofia correspondent of the Gior nale d'Italia, have offered to Bulgaria that part of Macedonia given to her by the Serbo-Bulgarian treaty of 1912, with the right of immediate oc (upation. The controversy over the part of Maecdonia contested by Serbia and the cause of the second Balkan war will be settled after the present war ends. Proportionate compensation is to be given to Servia, including the city of Kavala with the districts of Kavala and Seres, with the right of immediate occupation. Bulgaria on her side renounces forever pretensions to Saloniki, Vo na and Uskub. She promises also to declare war immediately upon Tur key, aided by funds of the four allies. Bulgaria, the correspondent declares, will receIve further territorial con essons n Turkey. It Is believed that Serbia and Greece will give way under pressure by the entcnte powers, but negotia tions will be lengthened by the re luctance of the king of Greece to onsent to any cession of territory. GERMANS CAPTURE K(OYNO Russian Army Loses Strong Fort on Niemen River. A wireless to Sayville Wednesday said the following announcement was made at Berlin officially: "The fort ress of Kovno, together with all the forts and an amount of war material which has not been determined, have been in German hands since last "More than four hundred cannon were 'taken. The fortress was cap tured by storm in spite of the most tenacious resistance by the Rus sians."~ Military experts hv~ve agreed that the loss of the fortress of Kovno would be a serious blow to the Rus sians. The critic of~ the London Times, in an editorial published Wednesday morning said:. "If the enemy rucceeds in reduc ing Kovno and is thereby able to. ross "the Niemen, h.. will' be in the rear of the Russian line north of the Sventa and with the junction of-the two wings of Ficld Marshal von Hin denburg's ~army the position of the Russian right flank will be very dif ficult." . . The famous Germean General von Hindenburg, personally took- com mand of the army attacking Kovno. TURK(S ilOLD GROUND British Land Troops at New Point But Failed to Gain. Lndon, Friday: The landing of British troops at Suvla Bay, Galli poli peninsula, is regarded here as a partial- disappointment. The Turks had concentrated their forces in the Anzac region a little to the south. but were able to send troops north in time to prevent any important ad vance by the landing forces. It is believed here that no important for ward movement is likely unless the British are reinforced considerably. -President Has to Run Col. Oscar Benavdies, retired pro visional president of Peru, on return ing to his residence Thursdey night after the inauguration of Dr. Jose Pardo was forced to run the gauntlet of a hail of bullets., stones and shouts. His companions drew re volvers ad fire into the crowd. RERSES PROTST C TEXT OF NOTE TO AUSTRIA ON B CONTRABAND EXPORTS EMBARGO UNONSIDERED M N The U .ited States Flatly Rejects Aas- m tria's Appeal-Lansing Shows That tl Germany and Austria Have Always si Trafficked in - Arms-Precedent o1 Would Imperil Our Safety. er ir] The text of the note follows: "The government of the United gi States has given careful considera- hi tion to the statement of the imperial Ile and royal governments in regard to il the exportation 'of arms and ammu nition from the United States to the countries at war with Austria-Hun- e gary and Germany. ''The government of the United cc States notes with satisf. ction the cc recognition by the imperial and royal m government of the undoubted fact si that its attitude with regard to the tu exportation of arms r.nd ammunition 10 :from the United St,4es is prompted cc by its intention to 'maintain the tu strictest neutrality and to conforni o the letter of the Drovisions of in- he ternational treaties,' but is surprised Go to find the imperial and royal govern- 'fo ment implying thtt the obsarvance of It the strict principles of the lew under sa the conditions which have developed fiT in the present war is insufficient, and fo asserting that this government tu should go beyond-the long recognized tr rules governing traffic by neutrals tr and adopt measures to 'maintain an attitude of strict parity with respect to both belligerent parties.' Can Not Accede to This Position "To this assertion of an obligation to change or modify the rules of in ternational usage on account of spe eiil conditions the government of the United States cen not accede. The F1 recognition of an obligaticn of this M, sort, unknown to the international be practics of the past, would impose da pon every neutral nation a duty to is sit in judgment on the progress of a w2 war and to restrict its commercial er ntercourse with a belligerent whose all naval successes prevented the neutral rom trade with the enemy. gu "The contention of the imperial da and royal government appears to be be that the advantages gained to a bel- th ligerent~ by its superiority on the sea in should be equalized by the neutral ab powers by the establishment of a sys- ca tem of non-intercourse with the vic- P" or. hu "The imperial and royal govern- es nent confines its comments to arms pi and ammunition, but, if the principle su or which it contends is sound, it should apply with equal force to all irticles of contraband. A belligerent to ontrolling the high seas might pos- go ess an ample supply of arms and ed ammunition, but be in want of food tri and clothing. On the novel principle tri that equalization is a neutral duty, re: neutral nations would be obligated to er place an embargo on such articles e because one of the belligerents could ye not obtain them through commercial su intercourse. th On Land as Well as Sea an "But, if this principle, so strongly pA urged by the imperial and royal gov- ce: einent, should (be admitted to ob tain: by reason of the superiority of a belligerent at sea, ought it not to or perate equally as to a belligerent su superior on land? Applying this the- m 3ry of equalization, a belligerent who th tacks the necessary munitions to con- pr end successfully on land ought to be u'r permitted to purchase them from ta: neutrals, while a belligerent with an g abundance of war stores or with the tiz power to produce them should be de-li barred from such traffic-.m "Manifestly the idea of strict neu- by rality uow ad'vanced by the imperial en and royal government would involve pe a neutral nation in a mass of per- an plexities which would obscure the pe whole field of international obliga- na ion, produce economic confusion,- in and deprive all commerce and indus- in Lry of legitimate fields of enterprise, ye already heavily burdened by the un- se avoidable restrictions of war.- by Going to the Record an "In this connection It is pertinent su Lo direct the attention of the impe- qua rial and royal government to the f~act Ur Lhat Austria-Hungary and Germany, up particularly the latter, have during ar: he years preceding the present Euro- na pean war produced a gr'--t surprius Til :f arms and ammunition. which they it sold throughout the -rorld and espe :ially to belligerents. Never durihg ic3 Lhat period did either of them sug- ob gest or apply the principle now advo- to ~ated by the imperial and royal gcy- ris enment, of "During the Boer War between an Great Britain and the South African tal republics, the patrol of the coasts of wi neighboring neutral colonies by Brit- th ish naval vessels prevented arms and ha ammunitions reaching the Transvaal ke r the Orange Free State. The allied mi republics were in a situation almost ag identical in'that respect with that in which Austria-Hungary and Germany fnd themselves at the present time.ti Yet, in spite of the commercial isola- ne ion of one belligerent, Germany sold sa to Great Britain. the other belliger- lic et, hundreds of thousands of kilos to f explosives, gunpowder, cartridges, fi shot and weapons, and it is known e Lhat Austria-Hungary also sold simni-it tar munitions to the same purchaser, hough 'in smaller quantities. While, 1 as compared with the present war, the quantities sold were small (a i table of the sales is appended), the principle of neutrality involved was f the same. If at that time Austria- th Hungary and her present ally had re- thi fused to sell arms and ammunition to Great Britain on the ground that to .P do so would violate the spirit of strict neutrality the imperial and royal gov ernment might-with greater consist- ad ency and greater force urge its pres- th ent contention. sa In the Crimean War be w "It might be further pointed out t that during the Crimean War large co quantities of arms and military stores tic were furnished to Russia by Prus- in sian manufacturers; that during the recent war between Turkey and Italy. as this. government is advised, arms and ammunition were furnished to the Ottoman government by Ger many: and that during the Balkan Mi wars the ~erents were supplied Gi with munt by both Austria-Hun- fea gary and Germany. While these lat- wi ter cases are not analogous, as is the S. case of the South African War, to the st< situation of Austria-Hungary and~ 19 Germany in the present war, they ne nevrt,-helsscearly indicate the long G PTURE NOVOIEOROIEVSK, 20,000 MEN AND MUNITIONS rlin Announces on Friday the Fall of . Last Russian Fortress Left In Poland Berlin, Friday: Official announce ent was made Friday of the capture the important Russian fortress of vogeorgievsk, with more- than renty thousand men. The state ent follows: "The fortress of Novogeorgievsk, e enemy's last bulwark in Poland, ts been captured after stubborn re stance. "The entire garrison, including rer twenty thousand men and an tormous stock of war material, fell to our hands. "The emperor left for Novogeor evsk in order to give the thanks of mself and the fatherland to the ader of the attack, Gen. von Beze r and his troops. , Novogeorgievsk, captured by the rmans, was described by an Asso .ted Press correspondent who visit . it as a second Vicksburg on ac uft of its position. It is nineteen iles northwest of Warsaw and is :uated at the juretion of the Vis la, Narew and Wkra rive-s. So ag as the Russians retained it they uld stop communication on the Vis Ia. For nearly two weeks the fortress .d been completely 'invested by the rmans and several of the outlying rts were captured early this week. was strongly defended and was id to have been equipped with suf ient ammunition and food supplies r a long period. Its speedy cap re doubtless represents another umph for the great German'Aus an siege guns. PRESERVES TIlE TREE mer to Perpet'uate Oak on Which Frank Was Lynched The big oak tree near the, W. J. ye cotton gin, two miles from Lrietta, Ga., on which the lifeless dy of - Leo M. Frank was found ngling last Tuesday morning, soon to be surrounded with a concrete .11, and thus preserved by the.own to mark t.he death place of the eged slayer of Mary Phagan. In the meantime the tree is being arded by watchmen both night and y. It was stated that Mr. Frey had en offered two hundred dollars for tree. He declined the offer and doing so the plan to build a wall out the tragically historic oak be ne known. The watchmen were eed on duty to prevent souvenir nters, or- others, from molesting it. blished practice of the two em' -es in..the mattet of trade in war pplies. "In view of the foregoing state ,nts, this government is reluctant believe that the imperial and royal vernment will ascribe to the Unit States a lack of impartial neu lity in continuing its legitimate Lde in all kinds of supplies used. to ider the armed forces of a bellig mt efficient, even though the cir mstances of the present war pre at Austria-Hungary from obtaining ch supplies from the markets of 3 United States, which have been d remain, so far as the action and licy of this government are con med, open to all belligerents alike. The American Policy "But, in addition to the question principle, there is a practical and bstantial reason why the govern mt of the United States has from foundation of the republic to the esent time advocated and practiced restricted trade in arms and mili ry supplies. .It has never been the licy of this country to maintain in e of war a large military estab hment or stores of arms and am inition sufficient to repel invasion a well-equipped and powerful emy. It has desired to .remain at ace with all nations and to avoid y appearance of menacing such ace by the threat <f its armies and vies. In conseqjuence of this stand policy, the United States would, the event of attack by a foreign wer, be at the outset of the war 'ously, if not fatally, embarrassed the lack of arms and ammunition d by the means to produce them in ficient quantities to supply the re irements of national defense. The .ited States has always depended on the right and power to purchase us and ammunition from neutral tions in case of foreign attack. is right, which 't claims for itself, can not deny to others. "A nation whose principle and pol it is to rely upon international igations and international justice preserve its political and territo ,1 integrity might become the prey an aggressive nation whose policy d practice it is to Increase its mili y strength during times of peace th the design of conquest, unless nation attaaked caji, after war d been declared, go into the mar ts of the world and purchase the ans to defend itself against the gressor. What it Would Mean "The general adoption by the na s of the world of the theor'y that utral powers ought to prohibit the te of arms and ammunition to bel erents would compel every nation have in readiness at all times suf Lent munitions of war to meet any ergency which might arise, and to military and naval forces through t the pr'ogress of a war. -Manifest the application of this theory uld result in every nation becom ; an armed camp, ready to resist gression and tempted to employ ce in asserting its rights rather an appeal to reason and justice for settlement of international dis A World Militarism "Perceiving, as it does, that the option of the principle that it is duty of a neutral to prohibit the [e of arms and ammunition to a iligerent during the progress, of a .r would inevitably give the advan e to the belligerent wvhich had en Lraged the manufacture of muni ns in time of peace and which had d in vast stores of arms and am (Continued on last page.) confessed Ten Murders Ten men were killed by William Griff, a negro handed at Moultrie, .Thursday. according to a con sion he made on the gallows. He .s executed for the murder of W. Washington. a wealthy naval ires factor. near Moultrie July 11, 11. On the same day lhe killed two oe. Dan Showe--s and Henry RUSS QUIT KOY BIG GUNS BATERFO TOPIEIS: ARMY STILL INB Swift Advance .f Germuns Brest-Idtovsk Line U Way to Vilna is Open and nications to the Czar's Threatened. -. Kovno, one of the crucial the Russif-n defensive in the was capt'ued -by the day night, and the road to Warsaw aad Petrograd now open to EmperorW troops. Tie capture of the was another triumph for the sixteen-inch guns, which have brought against no fortincatIons could not subdue. With* the -fortress of Kove Germans have taken more th hundred guns, and, according account, in enormous war material. This; howeyer* the most serious part of the to the Russians. Besides openm. way to Vilha, which Is an from which most of the have departed aad from whic thing that might be of use to:::" raders has been removed, th the fortress takes awathst tection, except the R.niai army, to the main line Petrograd, and also places mans in a position to flanks of the Russin armies to the Brest-Litovsk line and )perating in Soqthern.Co Grand Duke Nicholasa expected the fall of Kovno;fo rmies ar-e hastening theirr in Poland eastward. They-stl their own, from Kovno to: ssowetz, but south of there the being pressed from the' 3ens. von -Scholz and von md from the west by Archdke )old, who has .crossed the. Bug md is approacLing the Xrest - mnd Bialystock railway. It is the same in the soutb.w len. von Mackensen, after ManiM uffs, finally has driven the rites into their outer -posI ortress of Brest-Litovsk. For the first time sice he o retire fiom Western - ay Grand Duke Nicholas, pinion of military obserierii - art of his army in seriousdag melopment. The Russian o r continues an orderly r shown by. the fact that outside oft pns taken with the fortress o. t io or captured in the forts ofn eorgievsk, two. more of which, allen, the Germans claim no caE )f artilLery. It would- aNear : .hat few prisoners have been-te hich doubtless means thatac rable part of the A n their most advanco have ot vith seroious fighting. With Kovno in. German hands nother German army across.theB ;outh of Brest-Litovsk, a speedy - ccording to military obserterst :he only safe one for the Ra__ ;hey are to escape before the seo ;et of pincers prepared for t losed. Berlin repeats on Thursdal ~laim that the fortress ofKon allen, compelling the Rusnn K~alwarya and Siiwalki.ltrcs ~all back. In fact, the Russians appef :o hold their own only in-the - 3rovnces, where they are preve he Germans from advancing. " Besides' the capture of Kovno, aermans have taken additional ~eorgevsk forts, and, accorig heir account, have penetrated >ter positions of Brest-Itovs1L2: great fortress, the mainstay of'b as expected to be the new def -n There is no evidence yet of Ga Duke Nicholas intentions, -but--m#l3 ary writers believe the swiftness ot he German advance has' rendered:4t mpossible for him to make a stan= m the Brest-Litovsk line. RROFFERS REWAR FOR FRANK LYNC IEt lovernor of Georgia Places Valei Five Hundred Dollars on Each r of the Mob That isCaughs Gov. Nat E. Harris of Georgia,.t :er a consultation with members e he state prison farm commissto lhursday night issued in the form-4 m interview a statement .on th Lynching of Leo M. Frank. The -gov rnor declared he would do all InM power to bring to justice the Jperp rators of the "unfortunate occu ence." In addition to issuing his'stane ent to the press on the subjectO he lynching, Gov. Harris signed proclamation offering a reward. fteen hundred dollars for the fir hree persons convicted of particip :ion .in the killing of Frank. Ther i only twenty-five hundred doilar available in the reward fund of th~ state for the year 1915-. It -w(i :hought at first the governor woul ffer this entire amount In sums. ot ive hundred dollars each for th. irst five men convicted. He late~ >hanged the sum to fifteen hundreds ollars for the first three men con victed. CONSIDERS MOVING FROhI PETROGRAD TO MOSCOW odon Says Russian Press. Is 0o0n sidering Possible Change in Its Government ,.. London, Friday: As to theAS rians- and Germans press on to ast of the outlying fortresses ecting -the capital, .Petrograd is d ~ussing the advisability of remo :he government to its ancient sea foscow. The flanking movement - Field Marshal von Mackensen go ore threatening hourly, and.-t would not be surprising if Grsad Duke Nicholas should abanionM~ fforts to form a new line with r Litovsk as the pivot. From Brest-Litovsk to Ossowe which seems to be withstanding t ssaults of the heavy Germangu etter than any other fortress, nl fghting continues favorable -toth~