University of South Carolina Libraries
OFFER COTTON PLAN BRITISH GOVERNMENT PUTS UP NEW PROPOSITION CAN SHIP TO NEUTRALS Limited Supply Will be Allowed Int< Neutra Countries-Cotton Propa gandists Work for Reprisal-Wil son Against Combining Congress Adamson Praises President. Formation 'of a great Americar cotton pool, to handle exports to Eu rope under an agreement with the British government, has been propos ed informally to the state departmen as a means of equitably distributin; among producers such cotton trad as. Great Britain and her allies per mit Americans to carry on with neu tral countries without interference ox the high seas. Any arrangement of this kin would have to be made directly be tween the British government and th cotton interests without participatio: or approval by the state department Officials point out that to acced to any restrictions cn trade betwee ,neutral countries in non-contraban would mean abandonment of th principle of freedom of the seas lai down in various notes to Great Br tain and to be stated with greater it sistence in another communicatio now in preparation. It has been suggested that pendin differences between the two countrie American officials might aid the col ton shippers and exports informall in any effort they might make to ft cilitate their trade. It was announced recently tha Great Britain would be wiing to en ter Into an agreement not to interfer with cotton cargoes for neutral courn tries provided no more were shippe to each country than the norma amount consumed there. The cotton propaganda seems t be led by Senator Hoke Smith c Georgia and Senator Bankhead c Alabama. For several weeks thes gentlemen, with other Southern poi ticians, have exerted their influenc toward bringing about an adjustme of the controversy with Great Br tain regarding.shipments of cotton. The matter is also engaging th attention of the British foreign o: nee and the American state depar ment, and will of a certainty figu prominently in the protest which th United States will send to London a soon as the issue with Germany ha been finally- adjusted. It is the 'contention of the cotto propagandists, who are urging a spc cal session of congress to pass in ri prisal - bill placing an embargo o munitions shipments to the allied ne tions at war with the Teutonic allie that a continuance of the policy < tha British govenment will result I widespread disaster to the commer< of -the cotton producing states. The Insinuation is made by ti hampions of the cotton belt that Is'the .purpose of the British goverr ment to establish a minimum rat for cotton-probably ten cents pond-and to permit English brol era-to resell it to England's allies-an nentra'l nations at an excess insurin a handsome profit to the London an - -Liverpool middlemen. Such a poss bility is considered impossible, as would seriously reflect upon the hoi or of the British government and ei courage hostility toward it in th: country,. Sir .Cecil Spring-Rice, the Britis asuaaor, while having no. officiF informetion to impart on the subjec Is: known to be directing his dipl< matic 'skill toward the promotion< &~-'some agreement with the America e government calculated to insure e: "''act -justice boeth to the 'cotton pr< ducers of this country and to tb consumers in his own and in the net tral countries of Europe. It Is understood that the Britis government is working toward suc a-end, based upon the adoption< 4 a minimum price for American co ton and guarantee of the sales of a a.- average monthly amount so as to e: ~'~pand the demand for it to a max mum volume of shipments. The chief obstacle in the way< bte consummation of such a pla seans to be the inability of the Bria kyrgovernment to establish a polic that wDi effectively cut o... German -from obtaining any share of thes shipments to neutral countries. The-suggestion that there may be special session of the American cor .gess to declare an embargo on th shipment of munitions has manifes y-madfe- a profound impression i London, and will, it is believed. exei else a controlling influence in th -speedy adjustment of the controvers regarding exports of this characte from the United States to all cour tries,- except those allied with Ge] many. The British authorities believe thi they have some justification for th conviction that the agitation in th ~- cotton producing section of this cour try 11s really being promoted by group of speculators, who are acti ated by the double purpose of emphs sizing their sympathy for German ir terests and to obtain a profit. Thi suggestion is indignantly repudiate c. by the American politicians who has been most active in the propagand -agair-st Great Britain. Tlio beef interests have been al mnost as industrious in urging th United States to some form of retalik tion against Great Britain for th seizure of cargoes of mea~t and othe food products to neutral Europea: ports. United States Minister Ira Nelso: Morris, who is in Washington o leave from his post at St ckholm,i credited with taking a prominen Spert in the efforts of the beef corn bine to compel the British govern ment to permit meat shipments to g forward to their destination withou hindrance. Mr. Morris is of a family tha achieved great celebrity and profit iF the packing line. He was at th. state department recently with Sen stor J. Hamilton Lewis of Illinois but denied that he had broached th --subject nearest the hearts and pock etbooks of the packers. The only informati .n regarding th1 call of M1r. Morris was that it relate< to the handling of cotton imports o the United States into Scandinavia2 countries. Disclosures before the British priz< courts regarding the character an< probable destination of imports o this character tend to confirm n a measure the claimn of the British gov ernent that they were really intend ed for Germany and that concealec among the shipments of food pro ducts were articles of a contraban' nature. The decision of the president and his cabinet provides adequate infor mation that it is not the ourpose o the American government to favo: either the cotton or the beef prodnei ers, or. in fact, any other special in terest in its coming negotiations witi Great Britain. -These are designed to provide ar understanding for the future treat ment of American commercial inter ests, a wide spread diversity of whici Isafected by the poliey of that coun BRITISH PRIUE COURT HOLDS UP MUCH COTTON. Washington Reiterates Stand of This Government Upon Principle of International Law. That a large part of the shipments of American cotton held up by Eng land probably will be condemned by the prize court was indicated in a ruling Tuesday by the British govern ment. The ruling, announced by the board of trade, held that when the ownership of cotton shipped under the agreement with American export ers passes from the American shipper to an enemy of Great Britain, it will not be purcAsed by the British gov ernment under the terms of the agreement. Any British prize court decision that would confiscate without pay ment cotton of American ownership destined to a neutral country or even to private consignees in Germany. Austria or Turkey would be contest ed by the United States, according to a dispatch from Washington. Since cotton has not been declared contra band of war, the state department holds that it is not subject to- con fiscation. The British order in council pro vides that non-contraband goods of neutral ownership, if destined for Germany and without a pass, must be discharged in a British port, but that the goods. if not requisitioned by the British government, shall be re stored to the owner on such terms as the prize court deems just. The - same rule applies to cargoes sent to other German ports, but with an eventual enemy destination. The~- provisions, aside from the generai principles of international - law, state department officials regard F as sufficiently safeguarding American - owners from confiscation of their goods. THE RUMOR IS IN LONDON THAT WARSAW HAS FALLEN D Story is Unconfirmed-Latest News f Indicates Slowing Down of .. German Advance. London reports Wednesday: Ru mors that Warsaw has fallen are in circulation, but the latest communi ecations from both sides indicate the Austro-German rush towards the Pol sh 'capital has. slowed down. The Russians continue to lose ground, but apparently the campaign has not yet reached a decisive issue. s The latest important success re ported by the Germans has been won r by General von Woyrish, south of - Ivangorod. The Russians later de - livered vigorous counter-attacks there 0 but failed to recover the last ground. L- Wadau. on the Baltis, is in the . hands of the Germans, who are now d within thirty-five miles of the impor 1 tant Russian seaport of Riga. Pos e session of Riga by the Germans would force -the Russian armies near e Shavli and Mitau to retreat, as the t Baltic port is their chief supply L- !)oint. The ambitious advance of the Ger a mans in the Baltic provinces indi cates they hope not only to capture d Warsaw, but to cut off the retreat of Sthe Russians. Grand Duke Nicholas, darmies undoubtedly are in a danger ous position, for to risk obstinate re Lsistance might imperil his retreat. SIt is pointed out in London, how Sever, that such an extended Austro German line may contain weak bpoints. Military writers deelare the use of landwehr and lanstrum ini Lleates the central powers are exerting every resource. to crush the Russians. RUSSIAN ATTACKS STRONG -ALONG RIVER DNIESTER SBring up Heavy Reinforcements and bMake Repeated Efforts to Break -the Austrian' Lines. .Berlin reports, a dispatch from -Czernowitz, the capital of Bukowina, .on- Wednesday, telling of heavy fight 1' ing along the Dniester near the Buk i owina-Galician border. The Russians .brought up heavy reinforcements and r determinedly attempt-ed to retake *their old positions on the left bank of the river. They were supported by W-eavy artillery, but the dispatch says their attacks failed. Along the Bessarabian front also ethe Russians have made desperate at tacks during the ,last four night. SThey broke into the Austrian posi -'ions in one place, but the attacking forces subsequently were captured. Y Monday night the Russians made reight assaults at many points on this front. try in seizing American cargoes and in maintaining its obstructive so-call ed "blockade"' of neutral ports on the N orth Sea and Scandinavian waters. The president is known to take an unfavorable view of the project to hiave congress reconvene at present for any purpose. The program now Sfollowed by the government is ac c epted to indicate its decision to ad e ust the pending disputes with both aGermany and England without in curring the risk of mischevous under -takings that might find exnression eupon an extraordinary assemblage of the legislative branch of the govern ment. It is not considered at all probable 2therefore that, unless compelled by more vital matters than now exist, congress will be called until Novem Sber at the earliest, and then solely Sfor the purpose of providing legisla tion made necesary by the financial needs of the government only re motely connected with the war itself. The president found time to devote to several matters having no relation ~o the German controversy. This tact was accepted to indicate his sat isfaction with both the scope and substance of the note to Germany which the cabinet approved. -In receiving callers in his office. the president departed from the daily program he has followed since the re ceipt of Herr von Jagow's note, to which a reply will soon be on its way. The callers included Senator Sim mons. Senator Lewis, and Represen tative Adamnson of Georgia. Mr. Adamson, who does not view with favor the efforts of the cotton pro ducers to mix up their commorcial troubles with the more vital patriotic issues with Germany. said: "The country is thoroughly satis flodl with the president's management of international affairs." Investigating Arrest in Berlin. Ambassador Gerard began invest! 'oting Friday the arrest of George Spec ts, an alleged representative of an American copper concern. He hod bee'n under surveillance for several monthis. Refus'es Sixteen Pardons. Go':ernor Monninc W'odnesday uni hrld the Pnds of the porden board i 16 cases. whiere recommnenldatioa-s were m'ade that the petitioners serve. out the sentences passed by the trial .WAR CAUSES GREAT DEARTH OF ARTIFICIAL MEMBERS E French Makers are Swamped With Unfilled Orders as 50,000 Sol diers Wait for Aid. One effect of the ravages of war has been a call from Europe for American artificial limbs. George E. Marks, one of the leading American manufacturers of artificial limbs, re cently returned from a trip to Eng I- land and France, having been invited N there to confer with leading sur geons, and his report agrees with . those of the United States Depart ment of Commerce, under the date of r April 2 and June 12, which indicate there is now a tremendous opening in the European markets for legs and arms made here. ;e England, France and Russia have y not enough makers of artificial limbs Id in their dominions to supply ten per cent. of the number required. France seems to appreciate this condition e- more keenly than the other countries at involved in the war, and it was from France that the call came to Mr. Marks to go over and see what ar d rangements could be made to meet - the situation. "In Paris and its suburbs," said ie Mr. Marks, "there were a month ago r- fifteen thousand soldiers who had lost es one or more limbs, and many of these of were waiting for-prothetic treatment. st Mind you, that does not include the number in the remainder of France. ot "It is by no means an exaggeration kt to say that with the war not yet a as year old, the number of soldiers with an amputated limbs in all the belliger ve ent countries already is not short of us fifty thousand.. Compared with the ke figures of the civil war, this is ap es palling. pt "Tha' conflict, which lasted four years, and was regarded as unusually sanguinary, left eleven thousand am re putated survivors on the federal side, .te and if we assume that the same num ift ber of Confederates were left maim ;e. ed, approximately twenty-two thou ly sand persons were in line for artifi ad cial limbs at the close. it, visited a number of the hos pitals in England and France, and conferred with many of the surgeons. an I was taken by the distinguished sur La- geon, Dr. Tuffler, rf the Maison- e at Blanche Hospital, some twelve miles p he out of Paris, and there I saw, in one a P- inclosure, one thousand soldiers on 1, us whom amputation had been perform- c nt ed. Some had lost a leg, some both t its legs, some an arm, some both arms; s and I saw one poor fellow both of t Lr- whose legs and arms were shot off. d h "The Maison-Blanche is a hospital d ed of considerable size,'and is used ex Ps clusively for soldiers who are con- t Ut valescing after an amputation. It 9 og has one thousand beds, and I was a ge told that it had been filled fifteen s th times since the war began. This is a he only one of many hospitals in France 0 ivhere patients who have experienced I >w amputation are cared for. r Ld- "The artificial limb manufacturers t e. of France are few and their product e'' is archaic. The maximum output of t *k. all the artificial limb makers in i k- France is not more than one hundred S it limbs a month, so I was told, and it t ir- takes a French manufacturer from C ht three to five months to fill an order. C ys His limited equipment being now C a overtaxed, and most of his regular employees now being in. the army, t a there is now no prospect of an in- a on crease in his output. bat "It is generally admitted--in fact,s a there is no question about it-thata ft. the American-made artificial limbst Ve are the best in the world. The de >s- mand in this country has been on the as increase in the last century, and ther Ln- American who loses a leg refuses to go on crutches for a long time. The ademand has therefore been an incen Vtive to great progress, and has result ac- ed in marked improvement in artifi-c -es cial limb construction. I ut "French surgeons realize that the tu- French maimed can be better equip - er, ped and be more fully. restored to a a their ability to resume their former, us functions by American artificial ed limbs than by any other kind. French I h soldiers who are thus supplied willa be able to return quickly to theira homes, whole those who choose to re Lmain ii. the service can perform cler etcal work, taking the places of able-C bodied men who will thus be releaseda er for the front.a r"The French are asking that1 0 merican artificial limb factories be ~established over there -so that the de-t h mand may be met on the spot, but I do not believe that it would be prac a ticable for an American manufacturer ad of any proportions to establish a fac-c t tory in France that would be com ht mensurate with the demand. It c ID would require too- mu.:h time and ex-t to pense. k. "In my opinion a better plan is for a n5 each hospital in France to appoint as .d many surgeons, nurses or wardens as a 50 possible to measure the soldiers for ye artificial limbs and send the measure- c ments to the United States, and whent " the limbs are sent over to have the to same measurers adjust them. Neith ci er measuring nor fitting is difficult, a n as full instructions are issued. We e m ourselves will undertake to guaran re tee both construction and perfect fit. ig "The method I suggested to thet lit French surgeons is the one adopted c~ w by the Panama Canal Commission in h- supplying artificial limbs to em-t n ployees who were maimed during the construction of the canal, and was c ir found to be entirely satisfactory. If it this method is adopted by the Euro- t e. pean countries, the maimed soldiers id will be equipped in the quickest pos- n id sible time. re "There is no doubt that any of the t d, war aid societies in the United States n would appoint a committee to pass id upon the artificial limbs, compare a ud them with the orders and approve r them before they are shipped, and I ri m am sure such a committee would do ti a- this work gratuitously.''" i MACKENSEN STRANGELY QUIET: o- Field Marshal Ltays Silent-Reports s< ct. G are in Conflict. si o- Contradictory reports regarding w the extent of the Austro-Hungarian tl e reverse at Krasnik, in Southern Po land continue, some even claiming p: e that the Teutons are contemplating ti it a general retreat. The mystery of re t the situation is the persistent silence te maintained by Field Marshal von T c- Mackernsen, who, apparently, is mak- Ih; - ing no effort to resume the German - f- advance on Warsaw. e Petrograd b lieves this inaction is -1 due to thle fear of Field Marshal von tr Mackensen that his left flank would be exposed while the Austrians were el on the defensive, but some fear Is' b: expressed by London obsert. ers that nl' the brilliant German military com- rt b mander is planning an unexpected p: coup. se n Women Volunteer to Work. n prfty thousand wmntried to im- t pesupon Lloyd-George, English a minister of war munitions, tLe neces s- ity o'f using theoir labor wherever t Inossible so that men can go to the n front. Mrs. Pankhurst and the min -ister sat together in a box. is II A Deleny London Story. v s FBerlin papers stamp theLodne e dispatch that the German Emperor w d redicted the end of the war in Octo ZEPPELIN RUN DOYW SHELL TORN CLOUDS SEE iAM OF IHDE AND SEEK DODGES SEARHUGHT British Aviator Braves Fire of Arti lery and Faces Machine Guns < Dirigible in Moonlit Aerial Cor bat, Waged in Dark Clouds Ov4 the German Lines. The London Daily Mail publish, the following description of a cha in the air of a Zeppelin, written 1 an aeroplane observer in the fie with the Royal Flying Corps: 11.15 p. m.-"A Zeppelin Is r ported at -, traveling due west eleven p. m. Height estimated, 000." 11.35 p. m.-"A Zeppelin pass - at 11.10 p. m.. treveling N. Height estimated, 9,000." The above message supplied r with enough preliminary data to c ganize the chase. In a few minut the varying burr of different types aeroplanes could be heard along mc of the British front. It was pitch dark, and as we g clear of the oerodrome only the fair est outline of a nearby forset w discernible. There were brok clouds about at low altitudes. As' climbed through these they gave an uncanny moistness, which bespo gathering rain. In a few minut there was nothing to guide us exce the instruments and the time. Going for height in these con tions is a tedious business, for the is nothing to do except to specula more or less vaguely on one's dr and its relation to one's cour, What a relief it is when one sudder descries the lights of a town a gradually, with increasing heigl other towns swim into one's ken. A cloud in front suddenly bla: up as though by magic. It is enemy searchlight. He has inforir tion of our quests, and casts his gr streams of white light all over t upper atmosphere. The shaft diss pears, but a moment later finds with a dazzling flash. A sudde dive and a rapid turn clear us of course. In about twenty seconds the "I chies" begin. The whole area throu which we have just passed is fill with shells. -They burst in grou and processions, some throwing c a syrupy stream of "dead-d flames," some bursting like hu rockets, almost mesmerizing wi their dazzling rays reflected from t background of leafy cloudlets. But the searchlight can not folli us. He fairly scans the sky, and st denly picks up with another machil This time he stays on, and "Archi gets much better data for his wo We are still going for height, ts ing in large sweeps through which would be impossible for hostile a craft to elude us. The searchlig has lost the other machine and phs on the base of a gathering cloud thousand feet below us. On the eastern horizon there is gleam of new light as the mo struggles up. But well below tl horizon some one is flashing out signal obviously meant for aircra It is the first clue of the "Zep." 3 are bearing toward it with all pi sible speed. The other machine Il disappeared, pr..hably following other clue. Long before we are anywhere ne its position the signalling ceases.3 now speculate on the probable dira tion of the ''Zep." In a few minu1 it will be light enough to see, 1: these first few minutes are inval able. We went higher and high' keeping well in the shadow of cloud. As we cleared the top of tl great mass of vapor the sky present that dull, iron-gray appearance whi is the prelude of a brilliant moon. For fully five min'ntes we anxious searched the skyline. Then a distir flash was seen far above us and s4 ward. It was followed by anoti flash after a short interval. The was nothing more. It was far, t far, away, but we were certain it 'u a "Zep." Up we went and steer straight for the region of the fla: As the moon cami up we got ir line beyond the area of the flash a the eastern horizon, and as we cle: ed a bank of mist at a great heig the outline of the Zeppelin showed with unmistakable clearness. Up this time he had not suspected attat for his course was regul..r and nose level. But we knew he wou soon hear the noise of our engine, we kept as clear as possible until had assumed sufficient height. But we underestimated the "Zep ears. He heard us and began "searchlight" us-a process whi gives hirn no qualms over his om territory. The flicks of light fre the great gas bag were even mc weird than the long, searchil streams from the ground. They up huge tracts of clouds, and we ss with some discomfort that the weat er was preparing,. for a sudd, change. As we crossed his stern at a fi height he got on us with the lig and a perfect fusillade of machiri gun bullets came scurrying arou: us. As we turned outward to avc his light and change the fire we we suddenly enveloped in a blind clou through which not a ray of moo light or a trace of "visibleness" fou: its way. We made what we reckon< to be a due course for the "Zep." The only indication of his positit was the constant clicking of his mn chine guns as they fired off wildly the hope of getting us with a stri shot. But even this lasted only few minutes. "When we thought , were over him wve loosed off our pr .ectiles in a rather hopeless attemi Their fate we shall neve- know. T. clouds had baffled us at the last mn ment. It was one of the uncertai ties of air warfare with which the can be no reckoning. We continued our search until t erly gleam of sunrise found us o to sea. The clouds had thinned o into scattered ribs. The enemy ai raft had disappeared. Only the o casonal puff of a bursting shell a companied us i our lonely excursio We went home to report "somewhe: n~ France." PAY1NGi FOR DETAINED COTTO ritish Government Pays Savanna Firm Quarter Million. The British embassy Friday bega te practice- of making paymentsi Washington for detained Americt cotten cargoes, the ownership< which han been satisfactorily estal lshed. The first payment, a parti; oe for a cargo at the rate of te cei~s a round, was about two hui drori and fifty tha'sand dollars. The payment made was for tl erro of the Greek steamer Snyrt allianos. from Savannah. which wt taken to Falmouth and Cardiff. T1i erro is owned by Innman, ,Akers an Tnman. USS FACE DISASTERK 3R"1ANS TO GAIN WARSAW AND MOST OF POLAND A. 'IN 1,000 MILE BATTLE, er >thing Short of a Miracle Can Save re Capital of Poland--German Armies M Advancing Towards It From Three fe an Sides-Greatest Struggle in His- fo bi tory. pr To-day's news indicates the most 0r nomentous war development since he German army was driven back -rom Paris last September. Accord ng to reports from the German a ieadquarters in the field, the Rus- ha tans are evacuating Poland, and h( vil1 give up the great cities of sC Narsaw, Ivangorod and Lublin th ithout a struggle. The Kaiser, according to a St. Petersburg dispatch, has declared n( o have said he had paralyzed the cc Russian army for six months, and h xould shake Europe with terror di Nhen he turned on the west. The Russians claim that the 3vacuation of Poland is being car ried out in orderly fashion, and that the front of the army is un broken; that Russia is far from d beaten, and is only adding to Ger- b many's liability in giving them territory which it will be difficult b and costly for them to defend. It is regarded as likely that the .i Grand Duke Nicholas is conducting an able retreat, but it remains none the less a fact that such a retreat a indicates a pitiful and impotent t weakness against the Teutonic on- ti slaught. 0 To-day Germany apparently is at s4 the hightest point of success since the battle of the Morne; Russia apparently is a broken nation for many months, whether the cause be lack of munitions, lack of offi- V cers, lack of ability, or what. t] The great German offensive in the s ast is seriously threatening Russian P ossession of Warsaw, and its evacu- g tion is not far distant, in the opin- iE )n of many military observers. Both f, n the north and on the scuth, Teu- It ynic pressure is being exerted with g aemingly irresistible force, while in S ie centre Gen. von Gallwitz has n riven the Russians back on the near g efenses of the city. The Austro-German armies have s rned two pivotal points in their P reat sweep in the east, Ostrolenka, C stronghold on the Narew River, v 3venty miles northeast of Warsaw, P ad Radom, fifty-seven miles south f that town and thirty miles from c. rangorod, another of the great fort- t asses which girdle the Polish capi- n i, have fallen. a How close the advance guards of 9 ie Austro-Germans have pressed fo- t ard Warsaw is indicated by the Rus- ii ian official statement, which says 11 lat the guns of the fortress of Nowo eorgievsk, nineteen miles northwest c f the capital, have sh'elled the heads il f the oncoming columns. 5 All along the line from the Baltic a Sokal, Galicia, the Austro-Germans c< re advancing and the Russians al- v ost everywhere are falling back. S ~here the Russians are offering re- C stance, the Germans and Austrians 12 ssert, they are suffering defeat and t] dousands of prisoners and numerous d uns have been captured. - f London reports: The Austro-Ger ians continue pounding the Russian fi ont and military critics say nothing P ut a miracle can save Warsaw, the s 'olish capital.e This seems to be the consensus of M pinion, even among those in Eng- r mnd who heretofore have hoped the ' ussians would turn and deliver a a Dunter-blow, and news of the evacu- e tion of Warsaw, followed by the tri-. tl mphant entry of the Germans amid uich scenes as were enacted at e rzemysl and Lemberg, would come - s no surprise. b The German official statement, be- a inning its recital at the northern tip tL f the battle line, records the pro- e ress of the German troops to within ti bout fifty miles of Riga; .then, fol- s wing the great battle arc south- ii ard, chronicles further successes ~ ortheast of Warsaw, culminating in g ae capture of Ostrolenka, one of the c' rtresses designed to shield the Pol- " ;h capital. t The acute peril to Warsaw is ac- ei mtuated by the Russian official com- e: tunication which says that German k alumns are within artillery range of s< ie fortress of Nowo Georgievsk, key )the capital from the northwest, ti nd only about twenty miles from it. Immediately southwest of the city es id less than twenty miles away, tl lonie has fallen, and farther. south ir roec. German cavalry are astride w ie important railway from Radom to b ,angorod. The Lublin-Cholm rail -ay is still in Russian hands, so far d is known, but the town of Lublin ther has been captured or is in dan-.t er of falling. The Russian corn-t Lander-in-chief has issued, through ie civil governor, an order that in tse of a retreat the male population h [Lublin is to attach Itself to the re- c eating troops.s Berlin reports: German troops oc- IC pied Tukum and captured Windau. h Windau is a seaport in Courland on ie Baltic Sea at the mouth of the ti Tindau river one hundred miles p1 arthwest of Mitau.) tl "Between the Pissa and the Ekwa it te Russians evacuated a position ci hich had been penetrated at several yints by our troops and are retreat- se .g toward the Narew. The German ~serve landwehr fighting in this dis- b 'ict of woody and marshy ground, th hich is extremely favorable to the ~sistance of the enemy, accomplish- c I notable deeds. i "The army of Gen. von Gallwitz' tr vancing further, now is standing ith all its troops on the Narew line d authwest of Ostrolenka and Nowo eorgievsk. (Nowo Georgievsk is a a rong fortress about ten miles north- d est of Warsaw at the confluence of e Vistula and the Bug). "The Russians who did not find. otection in their fortifications and eated across the Narew. (The Na- 0 w .ioins the Bug at Sierock. eigh- er en miles northwest of Warsaw.) tl e number of prisoners taken by us r ts been increased to 101 officers and la 1760 men. p1 "In Poland between the Vistula er d the Pilica the Russians are re- te eating eastward. o "In the southeastern theatre: The temy. defeated on the seventeenth -the army under Gen. von Woyrisch a 'rthwest of Sienno. attempted to ar- a st our pursuit in his previously pre red positions behind the Ilzanka o ctor. The Silesian landwehr storm- f enemy advanced positions near o epilow. The same troops during C e night entered the line near Kras- t tow and Baranow, which also is ivering with a decision imminent, at "Between tihe unner Vistula and co e Bug the battle of the allied troops ider Field Marshal von Mackenzen lv proceeding with unabated violence. the irruption point near Pilailto ee and Krasnostav the Russions ade desnerate efforts to avert de at. Fresh troops sent against ours re defeated, however. "Further east in the Grabovetz dis USES CGLORED COTTON ROLINA FARMER HAS PRO DUCED SEVERAL SHADES. W. Brabham of Olar Shows Brown, Yellow and Green Fibre-Working for Black, Red, Gray and Blue. A recent article appearing in sev il papers may be interesting to the iders of this paper. It was the re trks made by A. W. Brabham, of ar, S. C., who, it seems, has per :ted specimens of brown, yellow d green cotton, and is working on ar others. He feels certain that ick, red and gray cotton can be oduced, and has heard of the devel ment of a blue shade. "The making of the three different ades of cotton," says Mr. Brabham, 3 no guesswork, no hypothesis, but 1 plain, simple fact. Look how soon cob changed the color of the entire rd of Laban's cows. Look how on a hog dealer changed the color his hogs; a poultry raiser changed e color of his chickens; a kennel eper the color of his dogs. I have doubt of the feasibility of colored ttons; some of them exist now. ie black variety, which seems to Le aroused most interest, is being veloped now in Mexico. "Recently I heard of a new variety -blue. Before me now is a letter om C. H. Clarke, president of the H. Bragdon Company of Boston. ho is interested in all textile pro-1 iets, but he doubts that any color it brown and blue can be produced . cotton. Mr. Clarke says: It has mn understood that these tinted >ttons are due to the soil character ties of the districts where they are ,own.' There is no reason in such declaration. Brown cotton will be -own wherever grown: yellow cot in will be yellow grown in any part the cotton-producing world. The ed and not the soil produces colored >tton. "Mr. Clarke seems to doubt the ex tence of red cotton, but is familiar ith blue cotton, a sort unknown to te and of which I intend to ask him ir information. Blue cotton I will en be able to add to my colored )rts. I now have on hand or in rospect red, brown, blue, yellow, reen and gray cotton. Red cotton a native of Peru; the gray comes -om India, the brown from Egypt; ie yellow comes from China; the reen has been developed here in outh Carolina; of the blue I know othing, but I hope Mr. Clarke will ive-me light on this. "Mate two different colors of the ime species and a variation takes lace, and the type of this variation in be made a fixed type of another ariation, and so on ad infinitum, roducing countless variations. "The common belief that soil and. timate have all to do with producing ie color of either animal or plant is nsense. A white man will be white t the equator or in the polar re ins. White cotton produces in the 'opics as white lint as that produced the extreme northern or southern mits of growth. "One may ask, Why grow colored atton? There -were imported dur ig April by American mills over 40,000 bales af cotton grown broad, and much of this was of the >lored sort. At this rate our mills ill use in a year six hundred thou ind bales of foreign cotton which an be grown here. Colored cotton. sts longer and mercerizes better mn the white sort. The chemical yes, or some of them, 'eat up' the Lrics. "I was perhaps the first person to ad out that different variations of eas would mate and that the off ring would be more valuable than Lther parent plant. Our next dream colored cottons and there is no ason on earth this should be a ream. We have fixed the types of least two kinds, and why not oth rs? I have gone far enough with ie work to know that it can be done. "To produce many sorts the breed r must obtain the five primal sorts -white, red, brown, yellow and lack. The white we have in great bundance. The red cotton is a na ve of Peru and any breeder can pro ire seed. The brown also is a na ve of Peru. but it is best to procure led from the Nile Delta. The yel iw Is a native of China-and produces 'eli with us. In India is found a ray-linted cotton. The green-linted tton has been developed here. But e need the black most of all. Once s is fixed no fear need be entertain of its breeding back to either par it plant as long as care is taken to ep it from contract *vith some other ie Bug to a point north of Sokol. "Under pressure of our pursuit the iemy retreated during the night on ze entire front, stopping only at the ruption point near Krasnostar, here he attempted some resistance, at suffered a severe defeat. "German troops and the corps un r the command of Field Marshal an Arz captured on the sixteenth to te eighteenth. 16,250 prisoners and venty-three machine guns. "According to written orders which ave come into our possession, the >mmanders of the enemy were re Ilved to maintain, without regard to .sses, the positions which we now ave captured." Vienna reports: "Between the V'is la and Bug rivers the allied army. irsuing the retiring enemy, crossed Le recent battlefield and increased number of prisoners to fifty offi rs and thirty-five hundred men. "Near Sokal we took three thou nd prisoners. "Westward of the Vistula the allies 'oke the Russians' resistance. On e lzanka river southward and west ard of Radom the Austrians resist violent fighting. The Transylvania fantry stormed the village of Kos "Our troops occu:'- '.Radom Mon "On the front bervecen Bukowina td Bessarabia a RI --n bridge was spersed." Petrograd repor;.: "The enemy's vance continued Monday in the re on of Riga and Zhavli on the fronts Grunhof-Zagory-Krufly. "In the Trans-Niemen region the ey made partial attacks against e trenches of one of our regiments irtheast of Suwalki, near the vil ge of Clukoki, which have been dis tted since last Wednesday. The emy, assisted by numerous bat ries, again occupied certain trench we had captured from him the pre ous day. "On the Narew there has been light tillery fighting. There was some vance guard engagements. "Sunday siege artillery from the rtress of Nowo Goergievsk success 11y bombarded the heads of the emy's columns. "letween the Vistula and the Bug e enemy carefully approached our w front. On the Pug the enemy's tacks in the Kry-low-Sokal section ntinue. In the region of Sokal the emy has extended his forces s1ght -on the right hank of the Bg "On the Dniester after stubborn 'hting we catured five hundred isoners and five machine guns." 1 Paris Paper Sells High. The Paris Journal has been sold 3JL3TS TO LYON )OMINICK ASKS HlIM TO DROP OUT OF STATE CASE SUSTAINEI BY COURT kssistant Attorney General Raises Objection to Participation of At torney Employed by Governor and the Tax Commission - Attorney General Not Conferred With. The injunction proceedings in the ases of Peoples' bank of Greenville, the National Loan and Exchange )ank of Greenwood and W. T. Bailey )f Greenwood against the State tax .ommission was heard at Laurens 'hursday afternoon before Associate Justice R. C. Watts, took a rather sensational turn when Assistant At torney General Dominick objected to the association in the case of J. Fraser Lyon, employed by the gov ernor and the chairman of the tax commission, without consulting the attorney general's office. The court sustained the position of the attorney general and Mr. Lyon took no further part in the proceed ings. The attorney for the complain ants and the assistant attorney gen eral presented voluminous arguments for and against the issuance of the injunction. Judge Watts took the matter under advisement and stated that he would hand down his order as soon as prac ticable, intimating that it would be done within a few days. The com plainants were represented by F. B. Grier of Greenwood and T. P. Coth ran of Greenville. Mr. Dominick ap' peared for the State. The incident of Mr. Lyon's elimi nation from the case at this time was the more dramatic because of its sud denness. Mr. Lyon had apprised the court of his commission in a few words when the assistant attorney general abruptly arose and made ob jection to the appearance of the spe cial attorney in the case on the ground of lack of legal authority and the embarrassment It might cause the State's interest. Mr. Dominick made the point that it was prerogative of the attorney general's office to .conduct the case and that outside legal services could be procured only upon the consent of the department. Mr. Dominick stat ed that the department had been em ployed in a study of the case and i was fully prepared to make the an swer. Furthermore, he said, the attorney general's office was not in possessior of the points that the special attor ney might raise and that without this knowledge he would not be willing tc risk the State's interest. In making his ruling on the case Justice Watts cited the law that.the attorney general's office was empow ered to employ assistance whenevei the occasion warranted and that without specific a+hority elsewhere it was the sole prerogative of the at torney general to employ help. Mr. Lyon thereupon raised the point of the special fund of two thou sand dollars appropriated by the lasi general assembly for-legal services tc be expended by -:he governor but Jus tice Watts was not impressed by this contention. Mr. Lyon made a request of the presiding judge that in writ ing the order in the case mention be made that he had appeared there as the representative of the tax com mission and the governor. Mr. Dominick requested that it also be included in the order that the attorney general's office had not beet consulted about the matter. Mr. Lyon arose and stated that in justice to himself he wished to have it In cluded that Mr. Jones, the tax corn mission chairman, in retaining him had informed him that the attorney general's office had been consulted. Mr. Dominick replied pointedly that Mr. Jones had not requested that Mr. Lyon be employed. There wasa dramatic silence followed shortly af terwards by a further statement from Mr. Dominick that both the governor and the chairman of the tax commis sion had been in his office and had asked his opinion as to the outcome of the case but had not made any re quest for legal assistance. Mr. Lyon's name had been mn tioned, he said, as having been con sulted about the merits of the case, but he unequivocally declared that no request had been made of the attor ney general's office to engage Mr. Lyon in the case. Repeated refer ences were made in the tilt about factional and political diserences. Mr. Lyon stated that he was acting only in a legal capacity and was ap pearing upon what he considered proper legal authority and that his appearance in the case was not prompted by any potential or politi cal considerations. NOTE TO ENGLAND READY Wilson and Lansing Put Final Touch on Our "Protest." The new American note to Great Blritain protesting further against In terference with commerce between the Udited States and neutral nation! was almost finished Frdy at a con ference between President Wilson and Secretary Lansing. It will go to London probably next week. The note has been delayed partly because of .the president's desire to comnlete the last German note before taking up the issue with Great Bri tain, and partly because of develop ments in the British situation. Why She Wants It. In speaking of the territory which Italy is seeking to get frim Austria many papers have made the mistake of saying "Since 1866 Austria has held coveted territory that once be longed to Italy." Such a statement implies that before 1866 Austria did not rossess that territory. That is where the mistake comes in for the territory in question has been held by Austria for centuries. Trieste, the great seaport and the largest city in that district, has been h~eld by Austria for over five hun Ired years with the exception of the brief time Napoleon carved up the yountries to suit himself. After his own fall the territory went back to Austria. As a matter of fact Austria 'd not ac'quire a single foot of ter -itory in 1866, but on the contrary 4he had to relinquish Venetia to [taly The reason Italy wants what is 20W known as the "Irredenta" is that n spite of the many centuries Aus ra has held a firm grip upon it the eople have remained Italian in peech. customs, tradition and symn athy. It is a remairkable instance >f the tenacity of racial distinctions, md incidlentally recalls Emmet's fa nous dictum that "the spirit of a na NICHOLAS GREAT IN DEFEAT; GRAND DUKE GREAT GENERAL Russian Commander is Milita-y Chieftain of Highest Order, Say The Critics. Satisfactory estimates of the gen eralship in the European war can hardly be made till the great strug gle is over and all the facts are ob tainable, but it seems unlikely that any reputation will emerge higher than that of the Grand Duke Nichol as, uncle of the Czar and commander in-chief of the Russian army. Joffre, von Hindenberg, von Mack ensen-they are great names al ready, made illustrious by the battle of the Marne, the great coup at the Mazurian lakes, by the spring cam paign in Galicia-but not one of them has faced so tremendous a task as the man who has alone manipu lated his forces over so vast a terri tory that even now it requires three great armles, advancing from as many directions, to force him at bay. The Grand Duke has been sorely handicapped throughout the war by inferior officers. stupid soldiery, pilt fully Inadequate equipment, especal ly in artillery, and most of all by primitive railway communiications. But his generalship on attack has been brilliant in conception-accord ing to military critics, hardly less so than that of Lee. who fought three years so superbly against odds no more overwhe'.mlng. A retreat is the test of military greatness, said old von Moltko And' in his retreats the Grand Duke *Nich olas has shown himself so far the master figure of the -war, and that with a losing army. -AUSTRIAN PRESS PRAISE RESISTANCE OF RUSSANS Morale of Army Unshattered and itis Doing Wonders Without Munitions. Berlin, Friday: A Vienna dispatch to the National Zeitung says the final Russian attempt to stop the Teutonic advance in, the critical battle south of the Lublin-Chelm railroad, south east of Warsaw, has failed. The Russian soutl'western front is seriously menaced, the dispatch de clares. The railroad line running through. Ivangorod, Lublin and Chelm now-is only a few mines north of the Tentonic lines, and capture of Lublin and Chelm is said to be a question of only a brief time. The correspondent of the National Zeitung at Tarnow, Galicia, while re porting that the Austro-German forces are advancing steadily, points out that there are many difficulties. He says the Russians have to con tend with a lack of ammunition, but the statement that their mo6rale is. shattered is untrue. They are dis playing the greatest bravery and en durance, and only in the case of con tingents without higher officers do they surrender readily. At Krasnostav, thirty-four miles south of Lublin, there occurred an engagement at close quarters which was unusually desperate and deadly. The -Russians awaited their attacking opponents and resisted them with the bayonet. They had assembled strong reserves. It was necessary literally to throw the Russians from their trenches. Lack of good roads in Poland pro sents another disadvantage for the Invaders. Deep sarnd makes army movements slow. Ten to twelve teams of horses must be utilized to draw heavy guns. Bitter rear guard conflicts mark the slow retirement of the Russians in South Poland. They give way only one step at a time. The corre spondent says their achievements, in view of their lack of ammunition, are remarkable. TEUTONIC IIAMERS BEAT UPON DEFENCE OF WARSAW Investiture of Ivangorod Puizei British Experts, Who De tect 'Mistake. London reports Friday: The only districts from the Baltic to the Bug on which the Austrians and Germa'.s are not hammering hard at the Rujs sian lines is the region opposite East Prussia, well defended by the Mazu rian Lakes. North and south of Kovno Ger man attacks are reported, but the main fighting is in progress south of Ivangorod, Lublin, and Chelm con nected by the railroad so valuable to the Russians, and south of Sokal, on the Bug in Galicia, near the Russian border. Berlin's report Thursday of the In vestment of Ivangorod puzzles mili tary experts who declare it Impos sible that tbe great fortress could have been surrounded completely. South of Warsaw and west of the Vistula the Germans report a victory which they say threw the Russians back into Ivangorod. *As the scene of this success is fif teen miles from the fortress, it is be lieved here the German official re ports must have been translated er roneously as claiming investment of the fortress itself. when the outlying protecting forte were meant. On the Narew front, further north, there has been a lull, but renewed German activity from Kovno to the Baltic developed into an important engagement In which the Russians were compelled to retire. Interest in the fate of Wars-tw Is undiminish ed, but the stubborn Russian resist ance is doing much to relicve depres sion. RUSSIANS COMPLAIN - Fail to Understand Inaction on the Western Front. Coincident with dispatches saying - the spirit of the Russian army is un broken comes the renort from Lon don that the feeling is growing that Russia is doing more than her share in the war burden. These complaints, according to special correspondents in St. Petersburg. are not confined to the rank and file. Russian newspa ners contrast the colossal battle In which their nation is engaged with the comparative inaction along the western front. Socialists War About War. A Socialist meeting in London end ed in a fight when a nrominent Soci alist was interrupted in the midst of a war speerh by a sneaker who urged cessation of hostilities by a compro mise. IKills Wife. Stepson and Self. Chester Hall. of Detroit, Mich., Friday shot and killed his wife and his seventeen-year-old stepson dur in a family quarrel, over the lack Iof employment by the stepson. Demand Action From Germany. The press of Norway. according to London dispatches Friday, is de ma~nding satisfaction for the torpe doing of Norwegian ships by the Ger