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VOL. XXVIII. MANNING, S. C., WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 4, 1915. DECKER 13 KILLEII POLICE LIEUTENANT PAYS itS PENALTY WITH. DEATH PROTESTED INNOCENCE Goes to Death Chair With Picture of His Wife Pinned Over His Heart Reiterates and Affirms His Inno cence of Crime up to His Dying Hour. During the night Becker penciled on a piece of paper what he caption ed: "My Dying Declaration." It was taken to the warden's office where two copies were typewritten, which Becker signed in a- bold hand with his fountain pen. To Deputy War den Johnson, who had charge of the execution in -place of Warden' Thos. Mott Osborne, who does not believe 1 in the death penalty, the one-time police lieutenant gave his fountain pen as a gift. "It is the last thing that I have to give away. I want you-to give this statement to the newspaper men." - Becker's message read: "Gentlemen: I stand before you in my full senses,, knowing that no pow er on earth can save me from the 1 grave that is to receive m>. In the fact of that, in the teeth of those who condemned me, and in the presence of my God, I proclaim my absolute innocence of the foul crime for which I must die. You are now about to t witness my -destruction by the state which is organized to protect the lives of the innocent. May Almighty God pardon every one who has contribut ed in any degree to my untimely death. And now, on the brink of my grave, I declare to the world that I am proud to have been the husband of the purest, noblest woman that iver lived-Helen Becker. This ac- 1 knowledgement is the only legacy I t can leave her. I bid you all good bye. Father, I am ready to go 1 Amen."t (Signed) "Chzrles Becker." A fter his wife had said farewell' 7 shortl'y after midnight, Becker main tained a casual conversation with t Deputy Warden Johnson, who sat be- s side the screen in front of his cell. c Sometimes he smoked cigars, after which he would let his head fall t upon his hand and gaze restlessly at N the concrete floors for minutes at a 6 time. Dawn found him seated on the t edge of his cot casually pinning P photograph 6f his wife on his white f shirt just over his heart. Then. as if he desired to have her all to liim- t self, Becker put. on a thing blac 3 alpaca coat which he lightly button 6d. The photograph was not seen by the witnesses until the prison physi - cian opened his coat as he sat in the, death chair: A lengthy statement to Gov. W11it- t man was given out by Becker late - Thursday. Becker reiterated his in- 1 nocence and declared he never had t iffered to plead guilty to second de -gree. murder. A statement credited to Mrs Beck er was given out here shortly after her husband's death. "I shall never rest," she was quot ed as saying, "until I have exposed -the methods which were used to con -viet my husband- Whether he was -guilty or innocent, there was no jus tification for the means employed tc 1 convict him. "I would rather lose all the of er members of my family. as fo r ac they are to me, than lose Cfrarlie No one can take his place. In all of -the ten years of our married life I never had occasion once to regre' that I was his wife. - o"Charlie was no angel. He mad" - ust an ordinary human being-and --perhaps that is why I loved him so." Herman Rosenthal, thie gambler for whose murder Charles Becker was sentenced to die in the electric chair, was shot to death by hired gunmen in the early morning of Ji417 16, 1912, in front of the Hotel Metro-1 pole, on Forty-thir.d -street, a few steps from Broadway. The murder was the swift culmination of sensa tional charges made a few days be fore by 'Rosenthal against Becker in which Rosenthal asserted that Beck -er, then head of the Strong Arm *squad of detectives, freely sold po lice protection and had accumulated thousands of dollars of graft money Rosenthal went further than that He swore that Becker was his silen' partner in a gambling enterprise tha failed and that Becker, angered by losses where he had expected large profits, raided the Rosenthal esta lishment and drove Rosenthal out o' business by stationing uniformed po licement on his premises day and night. These charges were published an' District Attorney Whitman began ar investigation of them. He summon' ed Rosenthal to the criminal court' building anid listened to his story. Ar appointment was made with Rosen thal for the next day. Before th' time came, Rosenthal was murdered When thei assassins had done ther' work, they ran across .the street jumped into a grey automobile whic. was waiting at the curb and whirlef away uptown. A bystander caugh the license number of the car. District Attorney Whitman, noti fed by telephone of the murder reached the police station 'where Rosenthal's body lay before dawn He aroused his detectives fiom theni sleep and spread a dragnet over the city for the murder car. It was found before night. Its driver, Louis Sha yiro, and Louis Libbey, part owner were arrested and Mr. Whitman as serted openly in an emphatic state ment that the police had abetted the murder. New York City, already interested in the charges of police corruption responded to the news of the murder as if to a call to arms. Becker. whc had been the chief target of Rosen thal's accusations, was openly sus pected. He was relieved of his com mand of the Strong Arm Squad and transferred to the Bronx. Jack Rose his graft collector, walked into the criminal courts building the day after the murder and surrendered to the district attorney, declaring he had nothing~ to fear. Harry Vallon and -Brigdie Weber. gamblers and friendr of Rose and Becker. were arrested ar witnesses. The grand jury began its investigation. Rose lay in prison twelve dayr without word from Becker. and. be lieving his chief had deserted him confessed. Vallon and Weber cor roborted his story. He told of his BECKER IS PUT TO DEATfH; DIES IN ELECTRIC CHAIR Police Lieutenant Goes to His Maker Proclaiming and Reiterating His Innocence. Charles Becker was put to death n the electric chair at Sing Sing prison at Ossing, N. F., Friday morn ng for the killing of Herman Rosen :hal, the New York gambler. The ormer New, York police lieutenant j 'etained his composure and protested is innocence to the last. He went o his death with a photograph of 1is wife pinned on his shirt over his meart. Three shocks were given be ore the prison physician pronouc d Becker dead ' at five-fifty-five >'clock. Becker led the way. to bis own exe ution. He sat up all night on the t dge of his cot, calmly talking to I eputy Warden Charles H. Johnson. a "I have got to face it," said Beck- I r, "and I am going to meet it quiet- a y and without trouble to any one." b To Father Curry, Becker gave his - ast message as he took his place at 7 he head of the little file of men that c narched to the room of death. His. message read: "I am not guilty by deed, or con- a piracy, or in any other way of the eath of Rosenthal. I am sacrificed n o my friends. Bear this message to he world and my friends. Amen." The one-time police officer hesi ated as he entered the execution oom. It seemed to the witnsses as f he was startled that the death hair was so near at hand. He look d quickly at the double row of wit esses, glanced at the floor, swept rith his eyes the whitened walls of he room and then suddenly, as if oming to himself, walked briskly er the rubber mat and seated him elf In the electric chair. . "Jesus, Mary Joseph, have mercy n my soul," nervously spoke Becker ,s denuty wardens stepped forward .nd adjusted the electrodes. Hardly , minute elapsed before the electrode ras applied to the right leg, a slit taving been previously cut in the rouser leg from the knee down. After the electrode had been firm adjusted against a shaven spot on he back of the condemned man's vad the state executioner looked at ieut~y Warden Johnson who survey d the figure that was still mumbling he death pravo- in the chair. John on half turned his head and the exe utioner jammed the switch. The first shock lasted a full min .te and the, executioner said that it ras eighteen hundred and fifty volts nd ten amperes in strength. It ame while Becker was still com ending his soul to his maker. The two prison physicians stepped arward to examine the collapsed fig e supDorted in the death chair by he thick black leather straps. The tethoscone was applied to the heart nd Dr. Charles Farr, the brison phy ician, pressed his finger against an rtery in the neck. There was still a eeble fluttering of the .heart. The physician stepped back from he rubber mat and again the electric urrent pulsed through the body. 'he shock- lasted seven seconds. Af er a histy examination, Dr. Farr sked that a third shock be given. 'his lasted five seconds. An exami ation that took several minutes fol wed. Three'physicians among the ritnesses then inade an examination nd Dr. Farr, at five-fifty-five o'clock, nietly announced: "I pronounce this man dead." ang association with Becker, of p0 ice corruption which existed as tosenthal had charged. of thousands ollected by Becker for police pro ction and finally, of his commission y Becker to arrange to have Rosen hal killed by gunmen-a commis ion he executed. That night. July 29. 1912. District ttorney Whitman summoned the ~rand iury by telephone and teie anh, laid his evidence before it and r'ithin two hours obtained the in titme~nt of Becker on a charge of aurder. Four East Side gangsters were in .icted as the actual murderers. Rose ad testified that these men were as igned by "Big Jack" Zeliz, a gang eader who had been arrested by eeker's own men on a trumped un harge, to do the murder. They were o receive $1,000 and Zelig was to be eleased. Zelig's orders, had been is ed from the Tombs to the gunmen. These gunmen-known in the treets of .the East Side as "Gyp the flood" Horowitz, "Lefty Louis" Ros nbert. "Dago Frank" Ciroiica, and 'Whitey"- Lewis--were rounded uo ne by one. The last two arrested. 'Gyp the Blood" and "Lefty Louie," rere not found till Sentember, hiding n a Brooklyn flat.\. With them were ound their ,young wives who. to di ert suspicion, had dyed their light tair dark. To give standing to the testimony f Becker's three accomplices who tad turned informers-Rose, Weber 'd Vallon-a corroborating witness rho was not implicated was needed. sam Scheops, a danper little gam tler who had fled the city, was the nan who could do this. He was 'ot'nd at Hot Surings, Ark., brought sack to New York, and the people's 'ase against Charles Becker was comn ileto. It went to trial on October 7, LAND U. S. MARINES R~ebels Offer Slight Resistance at . Port-au-Prince. American marines landed at Port u-Prince. Haiti. Wednesday night ncountered resistance which was vercome without casualties among 'e sailors. The following message< trom Admiral Caperton was given aut at the navy department late to "Landing forces esteablished in 'iity. Slight resistance during early iart of night as advance was being -ade. This resistance easily over -me. No casualties our force. Am 'roceeding to disarm Haitien sol-1 hers and civilians to-day." Italy Follows Great Britain. 1 The contraband list of Italy has i'ached the stato department and tudy shows that it conforms to the Tritish government's life. Blockade -> neutral countries is endorsed if It -an be shown that goods are being scured by the enemy through such neutral country. French Submarine Sunk. Berlin says the French submarine 'ariotte was destroyed by a German sumarie on July 26 in the narrows o the Dgrdanelles. ThIrty-one mem ber of the crew were captured. THE ENISH VILW ;UMMARY OF NOTE RECEIVED FROM LONDON lAS NOT BEEN PUBLISHEB Lt the Request of Great Britain Of ficial Publication of Reply is With held-Wilson Is Studying the Note at Cornish-Present Summary is Probably Authentic. The text of the note received from he British government Monday has een forwarded to President Wilson t Cornish for his information. It i also being carefully studied and nalyzed by Secretary Lansing and is advisers in the state department. Washington dispatch to Th6 New 'drk Times indicated the general haracter and tenor of the note rhich was received. Additional in armation obtained concerning the ttitude of the British government s set forth in the British note. It ay be summarized as follows: 1. The British government con tends that it has not departed from or altered the generally recognized principles of international law re garding blockade and contraband, and the treatment of neutral com merce, but has merely given new applications to' existing principles of' international law. 2. That the British government can not accept any doctrine that would treat every port of the Brit ish Isles as a blockaded port under the enforcement of the German submarine policy, while leaving Gearmany free to 'make use of cer tain -natural neutral ports, such as Rotterdam, for commerce up the Rhine into Germany. 3. That the British government Is observing principles of interna tional law sustained by decisions of the United States supreme court in the civil war cases, in which the British government contends, the court decided that the real crite rin of neutral trado is neutral consumption, and that the mero ract that trade goes through a neu tral country does not constitute it aeutral trade. 4. The British government con tends that the former distinction between land and sea carriage of trade has disapper.red, owing to the construction and development :f railroadL; and the creation of the German canal system. 5. The principle of international law, as viewed by the British gov rnment in making its reply, is that if a nation possesses com mand of the seas that nation can declare a lawful blockade and pre rent trade with the enemy, and that the criterion of whether an effective blockade exists is whether voyage to an eneniy port is at tended with exceptional risks. - 6. That while the general prin ciples of law remain the same, their application depends on cir numstances,and while a belligerent has no right to endanger neutral lives or legitimate neutral trade between neutrals, trade destined for an enemy under the guise of being legitimate neutral commerce, can not expect to pass freely through a neutral port into the enemy's country for use by the enemy. 7. In r-esponse to the American eontention that ieutrr.l trade be tween neutrals has. as a matter of act, been interfered with the Brit ish contention is that only neutral trade with belligeronts is being nterfered with and neutral tra~de with neutral nr.tlons contiguous to Germ.ny is greater than It was prior to the war, and in excess of the precise amounts needed by the requirements cf the poptiation of those contiguous neutra.l countries. . In response to tho American contention thr.t American shippers have the precedents on their side, that the ev~dence is not sufficient to prove thxat the neutral trade in terfered wii~h by Great Britain has been in reality trade with the enemy. the British government contends that the so-cr.11ed neutral agents situated in neutral coun tries were in reality agents for Germany. 9. It is argued "y the British government that this is t. matter of judicial proof or disproof, and as a juridicial question mtst even tually, under the arbitrl'.tion treaty between Great Britain and the United States, go before an arbi tral court for determineatIon, but that it would be impossible, at the present moment, with the war in Europe involving all six of the leading nations of Europe, to find a neutral arbitrator whose country was not immediately interested outside of South America. 10. That it must be obvious that the interests of Europe in the question of continuous voyages as understood in international law decisions of the two countries, England and the United States, are diametrically opposed to those of England and the United States. It would thus appear to be the osition of the British government hat differences found to exist be ieen the two governments as to the rinciples of law applicable, or re peting the application of those rinciples, which can not be settled liplomatically, mnay be submitted at he first opportunity, probably not Lftil the war in Europe is over to rbitraton under the existing treaty f arbitration between the two coun The arbitration treaty of June 4, .908 between England and the Unit d States provides that "differences rhich may arise of a legal nature" r "relating to the interpretation of reaties existing between tha two ontracting parties" and "which may iot have been possible to settle by liplomay, shall be referred to the 'ermanent Court of Arbitration. es ablished at The Hague by the Con Tention of the twenty-ninth of July. [899, providcd, nevertheless, they do ot affect the vital interests, the in lependence, or the honor of the two oontracting states, and do not con :ern the interests of third narties.' This arbitration convention was egotiated by Elihu Root and JTames Bryce. It provides that in each case he two nations, before appealing to .he Court of Arbitration, should con Tlude a special agreement clearly de ining the matter in dispute. the scope of the powers of the arbitra :ors, and the periods to be fixed for th formatin of the arbitral tri bunal and the several stages of pro cedure. Under the terms of the ar bitration treaty the advice and con sent of the Senate would have to be obtained by the president to the spe cial agreement for arbitration. The British government is prepar ing a new note to the United States, which will. deal with the general questions of contraband and block ade raised by restrictions on neutral commerce during the enforcement of the order in council policy against overseas trade with Germany. The new note will be forwardcd to the state department within a week, ac cording to the department's advices from Walter H. Page, the American ambassador at London. Mr. -Page transmitted. a -request from Sir Edward Grey, British Min ister for Foreign Affairs, that the British note which was received by the Washington government be with held from publication until the new communication was delivered. The British note was to have been given out textually at the state de partment for publication in morning papers. An arrangement for syn chronous publication in the United Kingdom and the United States, had 1 been made with the British govern ment, but when the request came from Sir Edward Grey, Secretary Lansing announced that the note would be considered confidential for the present. The cablegram from Ambassador Page gave no details. It did not in dicate the nature of the forthcoming note, but stated that it would deal 1 with the shipping question. Secre tary Lansing said he had received no intimation as to the reason for or I character of the new note. However, since the note that Is to come will deal with the same ques tion of shipping that is covered by the note received, officials of the de partment are assuming that the forthcoming communication will be in the nature of a supplement, and that the two communications will have to be 'considered together as constituting the British reply to the American contentions in favor of the rights of neutral trade under recog nized principles and rules of interna tional law. The preparation of a supplemen tary note by the British government will delay somewhat the transmis sion of the new American note to Great Britain dealing with the prob lems of trade and intercourse which affect both governments under the enforcement of theorder in council policy. t The American reply has been in E preparation some time. It had been t nearly completed and was sent In its I incomplete, form to President Wilson i at Cornish -for consideration. The y American note will not no, of E course, be forwarded to Ambassador e Page for delivery to Sir Edwar-d e Grey, until the second note now in preparation in London has been re ceived and considered. It is alto gether probable that the American note will be revised so as to serve as a response to both the new British notes. In some quarters the fact that a C supplemental note was being prepar ed oy the. British government was re- t garded as significant. But this was not the view of Secretary Lansing or other high officials of the state de partment, who pointed out that the y state department had no intimation I concerning the tenor of the coming - note, or its character, and that no one in Washington had informa tion upon which to predicate a state mnt as to the "significance" of the a development. The opinion was expressed in one quarter that the coming note might a take cognizance of the suggestions conveyed in the last American com-t munication to Germany relative to contending for the freedom of the seas, but this suggestion was dis counted elsewhere.. The best obam 1 able opinion appears to be that the British n'ote will deal more especially with the "caveat" note of July 14 from Secretary Lansing, -i-equesting Ambassador Page to inform the -Brit ish government that the United States "will not recognize the valid ity of prize court proceedings taken under restraints imposed by British municipal law In derogation of the rights of American citizens under in ternational law." REDCROSSIAS T GIVEIUP WORK.ON THlE BATTLEFIELDS American Doctors and Nurses are to Come Home in October Some Stay In Belgium. American Red Cross doctors and nurses will be withdrawn from Euro-i pean battlefields October 1, because of lack of funds, acocrding to a Red] Cross announcement recently made. Th two units in Belgium, where the I greatest need exists; may be continu- 1 ed, but the other fourteen will return < to the United States. The Serbian sanitary commission and other work supported by special contribution will go on es long as those contributions are available, but the general fund of $1,560',000 col lected in the United States will be ex hausted on October 1. The Red Cross, the report shows, sent to Europe 367 persons on hu manitarian enterprises. Of those, 71 were surgeons and 253 nurses. Forty three were members of the Serbian sanitary commission. England, France, Russia, Germany. Austria Hungary, Serbia and Belgium each received one or more complete hos pitals with doctors, nurses and other attendants. The report shows the Red Cross sent into the war zone almost 1.000, 000 pounds of cotton for the hospi tals. S82,000 yards of surgical gauze, 65.000 yards of crinoline. 727,000 bandages. 3.000 yards of adhesive plaster. 9,240 stretchers, 10.267 blan kets and 1 9 motor ambulances for the Red Cross personnel. Vast quant ities of drugs and medicines were, sent. There were four army field hospital outfits, fifty army hospital tents and thirty field medical tents. Services rendered belligerent coona tries are summarized thus: Austria, eleven shipments, value $97,6S3; Bel gium. twelve shipments. 96.708: England. thirteen shipments, $87i, 845: France. twenty-four shipments. 821 4.1 55: Germany. eight shipments. $182,795: Italy. two shipments. $14. 451: Afontenegro, three shipments. $15.5241: Poland. one shipment. $7, 200: Russia, nine shipments. $89. 2: Serbia. eight shipments. $180. 1S6: Turkey, two shipments. $12, The financial statement shows ex penditures of $1,450,306. leaving a Ibalance of $174,818 on hand, for which, the demands already are RiREY ASKS FOR MORE TIME; ENGLAND TO SEND NEW NOTE -4 Wires American State Department to Withhold Note Sent Out on Monday. A request was made Tuesday by Sir Edward Grey,. British minister for loreign affairs, that the state depart nent withhold from publication, as riginally planned, the text of Mon lay's British reply to the American protest against the British order 'in :ouncil caused much speculation in )fficial circles. No explanation was nade except that another note on thc ;ubject was promised from London 7ithin a week. . Secretary Lansing declined to ad rance any theory for the supplement ng of the first communication. An American note, now in preparation, vill be delayed-until the supplemen ary document is received. - Officials at first suposed that tatements in the last American note o Germany, which stated the purpose )f the United States to maintain the reedom of the seas, might have in luenced the British foreign office to leal with that subject In the same ote which defends the order in coun l. From British sources, however, it t vas learned that the main purpose in Lsking the postponement of publica- t ion was to give the British govern- E nent ~opportunity to consider the mmunication cabled from Washing on July 17 on cases before prize ourts. t This caveat recited that the Ameri an government would insist on the I ecognition of the rights of -Amer- t an citizens under the principles of S nternational law governing neutral t rade in time of war without limita ion or impairment by orders in coun :11 or restraints imposed by British I unicipal law. d The British note delivered Monday s i understood to be framed on the s heory that the order in council does t Lot transgress the right of neutrals I ,s laid down in international law, al- I hough it is admitted that in some c espects the application of the legal irinciple is new. Tn view of the re- I ent objection by the United States I o the order in council the British K :overnment is understood to feel that S his phase requires special treatment. t One feature of the British note is Z nderstood to deal exhaustively with he right of a country to blockgade an r nemy through neutral ports. That he United States, if In war with a I :uropean country outside of the Brit- v sh. Isles, never could successfully t iaintain a blockade 'so long as'the s nemy country could receive unlimit- t d supplies across the borders of an djacent country is regarded by the f ritish as a fact which should be con- s idered in dealing with the effort to d hut off supplies being received by e ermany through Swedish, Danish n nd Dutch ports. , n The decision of the- United States 0 upreme court in the Matamoros e ases during the War Between the 9 edtions is held by Great Britain not apply to the present conditions. s ecause-at that time, except at d rownsville, there -as virtually no e y for supplies landed In Mexico to e each the Confederate States over- e 3nd through Texas because of a lack b f inland transportation facilities. 1 In case there should be an even- I na disagreement as to Great Brit- d in's right to detain vessels and. car- 1 ocs under the order in council, Brit- a sh -officials point out that American terests may be trusted safely to the t pecial international tribunal provid- r d for in the arbitration treaty be wen the United States and Great Iritain. J. S. WANTS INFORMATION . I IN CASE OF THlE LEELANAW~ erman Commander Visited and Searched Boat and Took Care of the Crew. c Information on one point-wheth- a r the American steamer Leelanaw'sr aptain was requested to deliver out he contraband in his cargo and was a illing to do so, is needed before e merican officials can determine the ature of. representations which may e made to Germany on the vessel's estructioni by a German submarmie. The German commander evidently ollowed the rules of visit and search o the letter, according to official re worts thus far received, and due pre- ~ autions were taken for the safety of ~ he crew. Consul General Skinner. .t London Tuesday sent the follow ng message: "Leelanaw's crew proceeding to ~ )undee. Captairi torpedoed ship tates to consular agent at Kirkwall hat he had ample time to leave ship iefore being fired opon. Crew went In board submarine and remained ome time. Sip's boats taken in tow ifty miles." Previous messages reported that he crew landed at Kirkwall in the i eelanaw's own boats. The savingt f crew removed from the case as >ects which might have brought an ther climax in German-American re-s ations. Officials now regard the :ase only as a diplomatic controver- I y. Liability probably will be admit ed by Germany, it was thought. t iERMANS PLAN.TO CAPTURE TIlE ENTIRE RUSSIAN ARMY Leutons Attacking Railroad Commu-c nications to Prevent Escape of t Army if Warsaw Falls. In addition to the capture of War- r ;aw, the direet objective of the Ger nan-Polish campaign of the past two 'eeks, the Germans evidently are raking a special endeavor to cut :ommluicationl between Warsaw and Petrograd to prevent the successful retreat if Warsaw falls, of the army 1w defending that city. To this end they are directing their perations north of sovno, according :o dispatches from Petrograd. as well rs their advance upon Brest-LitvoskI v way of Chelm and the right bank I af the River Bug. The issues still ire undecided. with the Russians liming temporary advantages. Observers in Petrograd are watch ng with particular interest three points around Warsaw where the Glernman manoeuvres are of special mportance. These are the operations en the left bank of the Narew to the aorth of Warsaw: against the town of Chelm, to the southeast. where possession of the railroad Is the point1 SIu.e, an alonng the Bug.1 i[RMANY THINKINI PINION MAY UNDERGO REVUI SION IN OUR FAVOR kWAITINi BRITISH NOT] jermans Believe We Should Act Vig 7 orously for Freedom of Seas if W are Really Neutral-Vigorous Not to Great Britain Will Win Muel Admiration for United States. A. dispatch from B,.rlin to the Nev Fork Times gives an excellent ac :ount of the German attitude to thi american note. Says the dispatch :n President Wilson's sharp tone to vard Germany and what they regar< Ls his gentle protests to England Yermans feel resentiully that the: ;ee proof of a partisanship that vio ates neutrality. Germans are frankly skeptica Lbout the president's good faith ii dis forthcoming note to England, bu he text of that document will bi waited here with keener interes han was. any note Mr. Wilson eve: ent to Germany. Everything, it is felt in Germany lepends on that note. If Presiden Vilson warns England against fu ure transgressions against the free lo-of-the-seas principle in the sam incompromising and unmistakable ones that he used toward-Germany 6 dramatic revulsion of feeling CAI e looked for. Ae would, probably win the admir tion of even the. hard-headed an ractical Germn.ns who can not un terstand why President Wilsox hould want to argue about an ab tract principle, thereby -hamperin hem in their fight for existence un ess (and here is where the Germat aind definitely goes astray) he. se retly sympathizes with the enemy If the president's next note t ;ngland is gentle in tone and friend i-, it will 'tend to confirm the Ger. sans' worst suspicions. Then "ful team a head" will be the order It be submarine war on English com, erce "regardless of consequences.' It is almost certain uw that Ger 2any will answer the American note )fficials believe that it contains nu erous errors -and contradictions rhich must be pointed out, ever bough it will do no good, as Wil on's mind is made up for all time hey think. The .procedure will probably be as ollows: The American note will-be libmitted for exhaustive study to all epartments interested and concern d. This process will take at least a ionth. The forfnulation of the Ger ian answer would take at least an ther two weeks. The present indi ations are that it will be a cate orical negative. While It is learned from a good ource that no new or modifying or ers have been sent to submarine mmanders since the note was re eived, there is a general feling thai very possible human precaution wil e used for the next few weeks al uast that nothing may happen whicl 'resident Wilson could construe as s eliberately unfriendly act. The Ger ians show a very sincere desire tc void a crisis. U-usual significance attaches tC he following message from Berlix a the Frankfurter Zeitung: "Undoubtedly the German govern ent will-answer the American note, or It contains so many errors and ontradictions -that it can not do any Larm if they are exposed by the roper atithorities, although one cau ardly hope that such arguments will ave any power of conviction on the resident of the United States, who Is overned by unwc,:ldly theories. "Any one who comes right out and ays that the .torpedoing of EnglisI hips, whether armed or not, will be onsidered a 'deliberately unfriendly et has already made up his mind nd does not want any more argu ents, but will wait until eventi ompel him to answer the questiol nd to decide whether to accept the onsequences of his views." The feeling prevalent in even in ellectual circles is typically express d by :Professor Forster of Munich, riti'ng in the Berliner Tageblatt: "No one would approve more un onditionally than Germany. Amern a's mission to secure the freedom of he seas," he sa~ys. "The mistake oi he United States consists only in di ecting her action against Ger-many rst instead of against England rhich time out of mind, and par Iculaly flagrantly in this war, has iolated the interests of sea com aerce by adapting the practice of ight above right. "Our submarine war is the only ossible means of forcing England tc .knowledlge the freedom of the seas 'he American note has the righi dea, but at the same time it front he wrong way. If through our sub arine war, which is a justifiabli seasure and action dictated by neces ity, .American lives are endangered merica ought to protest againSi ngland's blockade policy, her use o1 assenger ships for ammunitiol ransports, her misuse of neutra. lags, etc. "America can only champion tif( ights of neutral shipping by main aining herself the strictest logic o1 he neutral standpoint. But it is al eady a breach of neutrality wher meica protests to Germany insteac f protesting to England, inasmuci .s she allows her munition shipments o be covered by American citizens raveling to Europe on registereo Lxiliary cruisers of the Englisi .Tapanese Cabinet Resigns. Headed by Premier Okuma, th< rapanese cabinet resigned Friday be ause of the investigation of bribers harges in connection with a membe1 f the ministry who previously ha' uit his office. German Trade Decreases. For the six months of 1914 corre ponding to the first six months o his year the trade- from Germany t< his country fell from $14,991,000 t< Fire at Norfolk Navy Yard. A fire which resulted inconsequen ially-ws discovered at the Norfol1 uavy yard 'Thursday. It is credite' o spontaneous combustion. Investigate Recent Disaster. The capsizing of the Eastland hai rought about- an investigation inti GERMANS BOMBARD WARSAW; CITY ON VERGE OF CAPTURE Petrograd Admits Further Resistance Would be Unwise-Hope for Army's Escape. London reports Friday: Warsaw, the third city of Russia and the goal for which the German armies. have been striving since October, is at last in the throes of a bombardment. Germans in overwhelming numbers are almost at the gates of the Polish b capital and dispatches both from thd city itself and from Petrograd say ) that further resistance would be un wise. Discounted not only through France and Great Britain, but in Russia itself, -the fall of the city is expected hourly and the problem now - is to move the Russian armies intact, B threatened as they are from the south by the Austro-Germans and - more seriously from the north, where I the German forces are aiming az the railway from Warsaw to Petragrad. F This latter menace the British press - admits, Is imminent and the hope in the allied countries now is for the continued cohesion of the Russian army. t The Warsaw post office already has - been shifted to some point to the t eastward. The populace has been r warned to remain calm and presum ably for days Russian troops have been stripping the city of everything of military value. German aviators are hovering over the city, and, according to German advices, plans have been completed for the triumphant entrance of the German emperor, accompanied by his consort. With Warsaw captured, a great wave of enthusiasm will sweep over Germany and Austria-Hungary and it is predicted here that the armies of the central powers will then seek to -force a period of trench warfare in the east, meanwhile- throwing a great weight of men and guns to the west with the idea of resuming the battering towards Calais and perhaps toward Paris. BRITISU HAVE hELD UP OVER 600 AMERICAN ShIPS Orders in Council Rapidly Change -Laws to Suit the Exigencies of the Occasion. Since the beginning of the war there have been upward of six. hun dred seizures and detentions of American ships, and the number of cargoes involved is far larger, for each ship carries separate cargoes to different consignees. Many of the cases have been settled, but the large number still at issue have gone through the tedious process of prize court pleadings, and this month be gan to take their turn in being thrashed out to a final decision be fore the court itself. British officials, according to a London dispatch, resent any sugges tida that there had been any delay ii these prize cases, although the American litigants are smarting un I der what they assert is delay. In the. prize court the political branch, the crown, has such power that it can even change the existing law to meet new cases. This is done by an "order in council." At a de cisive stage of the Wihelmina case the solicitors for the Crown made the point that a neutral ship could be re quisitioned by one of the 'belliger ents. "The solicitors for the Crown," said the attorneys for the American owners, "appear to have overlooked the fact that article 3-9 of the prize law is specific against their conten tion." "That was quite true up to nine o'clock last night," came the quick reply from the Crown solicitors. "But the claimants appear to be un aware that at nine o'clock last night an order in council was signed en tirely changing that law." This proved to be the case. A special order in council had been made which had never appeared in the of ficial gazette and which is difficult even now to learn much about. But it fitted this particular case exactly. hAITEN PRESIDENT SilOT TO1 DEATh BY ENRAGiED TEBELS After 160 Were Executed He Sought Refuge in French Embassy Where He is Caught. A revolution, more terrible in the toll thus far taken than any even in the days of Nord Alexis, flamed out in the Haitien Capital of Port-au Prince Tuesday. It was an off-shoot of the movement to the north, where the adherents of Dr. Rosalvo Bobo, twice expelled from Haiti, for sev eral months -have been striving to break the powerful Haitien President General Viribrun Guillaume. IOne hundred and sixty men, in cluding a former president of Haiti, Gen. Orestes Zamoe, have been exe Icuted by order of Gen. Oscar. gover Inor of Port-au-Prince, who later in the day was dragged from the shel ter of the Dominican legation and riddled with bullets. A dispatch fronm Port-au-Prince Wednesday says a mob of infuriated H faitiens Wednesday removed Vilburn Guillaunme. president of Haiti. from the French legation. where he took refuge Tuesday, and shot him to death in front of the building. 'Washington reports: The cruiser Washington with Rear Admiral Ca perton, seven hundred bluejackets and an expeditionlary force of one hundred marines, sailed from Cape Haitien Tuesday night for Port-au Prince. Rear Admiral Benson, acting secre tary of the navy, received a brief cablegram from Admiral Caperton Wednesday saying that the Washing ton sailed at eight o'clock Tuesday night. She should reach Port-au Prince about noon. Admiral Caper ton will use his discretion about landing marines. Turns Down .$27,O00,000 Order E. T. Borrowes, a wealthy manu facturer of Portland, Mc., turned down a $27,000,000 order for rifles for the Allies. School Ship at Charleston. The Presidente Sacrimento, a school ship for the Argentine navy.. Sarrived in Charleston harbor Thurs ENFIIKtS EMUARO ENGLAND TAKES UP DEFENCE OF NEUTRAL BLOCKADE IS IMPORTANT QUESTION In Preparing Note to the United States Great Britain Subordinates" Everyting to the Queston of Blockading Neutral Ports to Pre vent Reshipment to Germany. Defense of the right of a belliger ent to blockade a neutral -port through which an enemy Is receiving supplies, or attempting to market his own products, is the chief argument to be made in the supplemental note Great Britain is preparing in reply to the American protest against the en forcement of the order in council.: The original note, received ,last Monday, has been withheld from pub lication atsthe request of Sir. Edward Grey, British foreign minister,'pend ing the arilival of the supplemental communication which is expected within a week. All issues other than that of 1iG blockade of neutral ports, it is ed, will be regarded by the-British government as subsidiary md'propeE for later discussion. Upon recogni tion by noutral, governments of the principle, from the British viewpoInt,' depends the ability of a belligerentQ-. which has otherwise established con-d'O trol of the seas to profit by the enor-C mous expenditure and sacrlficey which made posible thdt control..The a matter is all important in the British r4 view. - Two developments o. scussed in the original note will be tken up in the supplemental communic tlor.4 One concerns the American caveatt5k' July 17, conveying the noiarm that the United States goyeumseM. .. would not recognize orders in'coun as a substitute for the provisps e international law., The second point ,arose -im tion with the enforced unloan the London docks of the cargoo th American steamer Neches on June 24. The ship was en- 'route-fro Rotterdam to New York-.witha.cr go of non-contraband, mostly of Ger man and Belgia origin. It included several thousand" ' er books, rabbit skins, drugs and even some cotton. The British ov ernment asserted the right under Its blockade of Germany, whicha iso bars~ any goods from being exported the sale of whicrmight aid Gerany financially. Because the principal British argu ment is directed to that phase of the right of blockade which ateets goods sought to be introduced into- an enemy's country,. it Is be iat the British foreign office feltit n essary to supplement the g note by an argument n claim to cover the case of goods - ported from__ the -enemy countr through -a neutral port. . Civil war precedents in tegard to the right of blockade form the chief basis of the British argument, atten tion being called especially .to. the famous Springbok case befo'e -the United States supreme court,,.devel oping the "continuous voyage" theory. Though this doctrine, which, lt;ls h asserted, justifies a belgerent i blockading ' a neutral port, was' strongly resisted by European na tions,-the fact that it was flhaM'.ac eepted in its entirety by the Alabama: claims arbitration was' sufficient -to make it an enduring principle of'in-~ ternational law,. according to- the British view. Therefore, the order in council, which Is believed by, Brity ish officials to be -entirely in= accord with that theory, will continue to bp applied, although with due deference . to the Drotection of legitimate nea tral tradle. Incidentally it is contended by Great Britain in Its communication that the execution of these orders in council so far has not resulte&in..rG any damagesto American trade. Ac cording to the British view, that trade has waxed enormously large since the beginning of the -war, American treasury figures showing \ an increase of $200,000,000 in. ex orts during eleven months, while the American ocean -freight has grown by 744,000 tons. Significant as indicating the amount of American goods energ Germany and Austria, attention is directed to official statements that. the exports of the United States to the Netherlands have increased from $93,000,000 to $122,000,000, :to Sweden from $12,000,000 to $71. 000,000, to Norway from $7,000,000 to $35,000,000, and to Denark from $13,000,000 to $70,000,000. That America received a fair sup ply of goods from Germany notwith standing the wtr is shown, the Brit ish government contends, by the fact that in eight months the Imports from that country +o0 the United States aggregated '$86,000,000, and it. is also noted that the Import of dyestuffs from Germany was greater than the previous year. ENORMOUS WAR ORDERS CAUSE MUCII SPECULATION Wal Street Experiences 'Big Day as -Special Stocks Reach Highest Mark. Unbridled speculation in the stocks of corporations which have received large orders for war munitions gave - - Wall street Thursday some of the.. most exciting hours of its recent his tory. A violent advance wasfollow ed by an equally severe decline, as the boom in these stocks reached a climax, and all through the- day there was a turmoil on the floor of the exchange: The unusual advances In such stocks as Crucible ~Steel, Bethlehem Steel, Westinghouse Electric, Repub lic Steel ani Allis Chalmers In the-. earlier days of the week attracted -a large amount of public buying, and - many reports were circulated of huge profits for these companies. When - the market opened there was a wild rush to purchase the favorite wr stocks and prices shot upward. During the day Crucible Steel rose 17% points, to 83; BethlehemSte 11 points, to 275. and Allis Chalm . to 32 5-'. all new high reod Westinahouse also established a new mark at 13 2% and Republic Steel. American Locomotive and a numbe of nors made large gains.