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GOV. MANNING'S MESSAGE TO GENERAL ASSEMBLY (CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1.) j security established so that our atten-1 tion can be directed to tnose cun- j structive measures which have been i made necessary by changed and new i conditions which have to be met and solved if we are to advance in the great race of numan achievement. The number of deputies now provided by law will not be sufficient to enable sheriffs, magistrates and other local authorities to prevent the illicit sale of liquor. You must realize that it will require i ?easing effort and wigilance to prevent violations of this law. There is need of new machinery if this law is to be effective. I ask that you will make adequate provision J for the pay of special deputies whenever and wherever needed to enforce fnis law. The law must be respected and obeyed; the law must be supreme. I again pledge my best efforts to the administration and enforcement of law. Superintendent of Education. T nr\-nn rvi ar, r? tA T-dlTr crtPfMJll PfmSldeT* JL V4 IV TV-rw?X , ation the report of the superintendent of education. The work of this department is most gratifying. It shows increased enrollment, increased average attendance, longer eerms. better equipment, more and better school houses and increase in the number of school districts which are making special levy. These facts indicate clearly a greater interest in education by our people t'nan ever before. This has been brought about by a splendid co-{ operation of those charged with the administration of the public school system ? superintendents, teachers, patrons and taxpayers. A continuance of such co-operation will soon put our public school system in a position to remove from us ignorance and illiteracy, and augurs well for the future of our citizens in education and efficiency. The policy of building up the weakest units of school administration fby increased state aid, s'nould natural *? ly follow from the increase in local support. I commend to your earnest consider' * - - ? ?* -3 ^ ^# ? V ^ /v oil ation tne recommeiiuauuus uj mc superintendent of education, for changes in the high school law. The statistics in his report are interesting, and should be instructive. Hie importance of the work in the common schools can be realized when we consider the fact that the -vast majority of our boys and girls receive only such education as can be obtained in the common schools, and only a small minority of them obtain the advantages of college education. So that if we are to obtain and educate the large body of our rural population, that training and education must De given in the common schools. Hence, I urge upon you the necessity for providing for the work and efficiency of the common schools, and this work is of paramount importance. School1 buildings, efficient teachers and a min-1 imum term of seven months must he kept before you as objects earnestly to be realized. Education is the basis of our progress, and the common schools is the foundation from which + m nct rico fn CLIl tru ULai CXA Auuub A Aku\s vw manage the affairs of our state and nation. We must ma>e secure tnis foundation. Compulsory Attendance. I must call to your attention the fact that the compulsory attendance law, wisely adopted by you at the last session of the legislature, has already proven its wisdom; and though this law is imperfect and deficient in many respects, I can not advise important amendments to it at the present time. While -eagerly and earnestly anxious to see every white boy and white girl in South Carolina educated and trained so as to make useful and efficient citizens, we must deal with, this question in a practical way, and we must not by law require attendance where the law I can not be obeyed by reason of deficiency in equipment and facilities. The iw extension of this principle has been as rapid as its advocates anticipated. In certain localities where facilities were inadequate, the patrons have proceeded at once to provide money by ! bond issue for additional school build-1 ings. There is every reason to feel that this spirit will be manifested by the citizens of other localities, and that we may look for a steady extension of the principle of compulsory attendance. Child Labor. I desire to again urge upon you the necessity for raising the age limit of 1 children working in factories, mines and texti7e establishments. The adoption of a comnulsorv attendance law Ibp the legislature, last winter, was, in my judgment, a great step forward in education. Experience has shown that a large number of schorl districts 'have placed th ^mpelves una r :: operation of this law. and a larger n- :n"ber of school districts wi". in : '! : ' ? ability, place themselves under its operatic] within the nexr few months. IJhxp?nence r.as snown. nowc\or. ;;; school districts in which reside chil dren working in the mills, have not placed themselves under the compulsory attendance law, by reason of the fact that the minimum age limit of the child labor law is twelve years, while under the compulsory attendance law, the maximum is fourteen years, so that I the child labor law age limit of twelve years acts as a deterrent influence in 1 Ai^rtfo i?*'nir?h I ipreveuLiiig uisuaio m nuivu this part of our population live, from taking advantage of the opportunities offered under the compulsory attendance law. I. therefore, strongly urge the passage of a bill which is now on : the house calendar, Xo. 223. and that this bill shall be made to take effect! on or before August 1, 1916, so that t'ne 1 1 children who would be affected by it. | will be enabled to attend school at the opening of the school sessions in the fall of 1916. These children have ai God-given right to an education. Supervisor, Mill Schools. j At t'ne last session of the legislature; you made provision for supervisor in : mill schools, as a part of the educa- j tional system of the state. The aim, in : the mill schools, is to place them on a 1 parity with the work in the high schools, rural graded schools and ot'ner schools. If this is accomplished it will j mean an increased self-reliance and > l responsibility on the part of the pat-1 . 1 rons of these schools. This work is i important to many of our citizens, who j are bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh, and who are entitled to the same consideration by the state that belongs! to every other citizen. I commend the report of the supervisor of mill schools to your attention.1 and am confident that the efficiency in this work will be more and more apMrpni ss time eoes on. We can not; afford to stop this work. Teachers. It is all-important that the public1 schools should be given adequate support and sufficient appropriation to meet the urgent demands that confront us, and which are increasing yearly. In this connection I wish to emphasize two important matters. Permit) me to urge upon you the necessity for greater efficiency of those teachers, who do not nave the opportunity of having snAoial training in teaching. The more efficient the teacher, the! ; more effective the work of the pupils.' I would urges therefore, a special pro- I vision for a one-year course for train-j ing teachers in a limited number of the j high sc'nools of the state. I call your attention also to the importance of certification of teachers by : a state board. iThe bill now on the| calendar, known as the Nicholson bill,! should, in my opinion, become a law of the state. Institutions -of Higher Learning'. ? - - - , Tiie institutions 01 nigner it^rums: in South Carolina have grown steadily in popular approval and usefulness to the state. The number of students is ; larger than at any time in our history and the work of these institutions i grows better with, each succeeding year. A careful study of their reports and recommendations will prove both interesting and instructive. In order that you may better know of their work and needs, I respectfully request that you give these reports your careful and thoughtful consideration. Agriculture in (Common Schools. From a personal inspection, the ex. | periment of teaching agriculture in i the rural schools in Darlington county | has so impressed me wit'n its desiraj bility and practicability that I do not hesitate to commend this matter *o your favorable consideration, and 1 advise that provision be made so as to make this character of work possible in other counties. This work in Darlington is now being done by the extension division of Clemson college, in connection with the consolidated schools in Darlington. The teaching of agriculture in these schools is practical, as well as scientific. It is the training that will enable our boys to makp a Drofitable living on the farm, to interest them in farm work and rural life, and makes the calling of agriculture attractive in profits that will enable farmers to secure the comforts and luxuries in rural life that will compare favorably with incomes and comforts in urban life. In order to j make this work possible, the question of consolidation of schools will be imperative, and, in my judgment, no wiser expenditure of public money for educational purposes can be made than to provide salaries for trained and effi cient teachers in agriculture in rural schools. It must be remembered that if training for future life is to be given to a large number of our rural population, it must be given in the common schools. In my judgment, thp importance of this subject can not be overstated or exagg raled. and I earnestly commend it to your attention. Poll V/ei'v;!. The foregoing on agric -f rural c''ucall: u I:; ti e cor. mo:- . ' ' !- emp'iaf ; y t'rn! id icii of t1' boll weevil. Xo way of ng or destroying this pest has been discov erea. i no 001.1 "vu is- me uovtu of our chief money crop. Tt is now m:1 < rf }' o South Carolina line. Its appearance in our fields in a short time seems to be beyond question. When the boll weevil reaches us. it will produce financial and agricultural di.sa.-t^r, unless we prepare for it by diversification of crops, by proper seed selection of early varieties, by raising food crops, by raising cattle and stock. To change a large part of our acreage from cotton to I other crops will require education in farming which will give better methods j than now obtain. The boll weevil will be upon us shortly; we must prepare for it. The disaster which will accompany the boll weevil's advent among us will apply to farmers first, but also to all classes and conditions of our people, for agriculture is, and will be throughout our lifetime, the foundation stone of our material wealth j and prosperity. State Warehouse System., 1 invite your attention to the consideration of the state warehouse system. The inauguration of this system has marked a radical departure in democratic government. It has given emphasis to the protection of property rights. By the warehousing of agricultural products and providing a plan whereby they may be gradually marketed, it aims to protect the owner of these products against conditions which deprive him of legitimate profit and which endanger the continuance of agricultural pursuit on a basis that .- ives adquate returns for labor, and makes agricultural life profitable and attractive. It is an.attempt on the part of the state to help the citizen to help himself. (This is in accord with justice and humanity, and c-naraeieris'ic of t'ne progressive spirit of this age. It is inevitable, however, that a system that aims at revolutionizing the marketing of our great money crop, should not be perfected in its initial I stage. Operation of this system has demonstrated that it can be of great and valuable service. It should be our I aim to perfect the system to operate it on sound business principles, to pro- j *? ?+ niroin T\/-v e Ol Vll ri ohllCPB H Tl fT t <"V I ItUt It CL^CLHl UVOU1WAV - w throw around it every possible safeguard. Make the state warehouse re-! ceipt a collateral that will be recognized as safe, so that it will be sough: after as collateral to loans in any of the money centers and money markets of this country. The liability of the state should be clearly defined. It is not necessary for j me to suggest specific amendments 10 the act. It is well to bear in mind that cur chief source of borrowed money is to be had through the.federal reserve bank. The requirements of that institution should be met, both because they are sound and resonable, and because these requirements and these safeguards will the sooner attract attention in money markets, to these receipts as collateral, and thus will be sought after by investors. Tnis will i eventually lead to the lowest obtainable rates of interest. I refer you to the question of ownership and management?the manager of the warehouse -r.oHIq rnppintc .shrnil-f? a 1DOU1UL& JLiVgUliU ViV/ disinterested party and not the owner of the cotton stored, on which it is proposed to issue negotiable receipts. Accurate and reliable grading and weighing by licensed graders and weighers is of great importance. It may be that these matters might best ! be regulated by rules and regulations of the commissioner ana tue board of commissioners, to which I will refer you later, or by legislative enactment. I regard it as essential that this system shall not be dependent upon the personality of any one man. The uncertainly of death mawe this all the important. The act sholud be amended I to as to provide for appointment by the governor, by and with the advice and - ' - ^ . - * - V ? consent or tne senate 01 a uu<uu wl three commissioners, with the state .commissioner as ^x-officio chairman, whose terms should be for six years, except the first appointees, whose terms should be for two, four and six years, respectively, so that a majority of the board could not be displaced during any particular administration, except for neglect of duty, or malfeas| ance in office. The commissioner, i with the approval of the board, should be authorized to make sales; but no sale should be permitted by him or them, individually or as agent, without the grading and weighing by licensed graders and weighers. " - "? "? *? 11.-1 IU ! It is generally Denevea mut lucie ha^ been, and continues to be, serious loss to the producers from inaccurate and under-grading. It may be advisable for the state to adopt the standard grading of t'ne United States governmest. The state commissioner has succeeded in securing lew rates of insurance, which is an important item in the charges of storing and carrying cotI tor; anrl he should be given full credit for the activity and effective work he has dnoe to secure this reduction, thereby making the warehousing of ? - <:c. U: n :: -s c > JJCSSlve ami mure pruuiab!o. About GO.OsO bales of cotton are pt?-.v store;! in stale warehouses. The commissioner has not boon obliged to rse all of the appropriation made by ho last legislature; and with the in I Get < . 10HG BURNING PIPE AMn ? Unde f ^.ioarette tobacco t ' I I I I I 1 . 1 1 i m by R.\ -. : .x:',i'Svv. I creasing amount of cotton stored, it may be that this department can be operated on a yearly decreasing amount of money. I refer you to the - 1 - ? - * ^ ?- -* V> A>* re port, ot me eouimissiuiici iui luiurei information on this subject. I have gone over this entire matter with the I state commissioner, and he, from his experience and observation, is entirely j in accord with these recommendations. Uniform Warehouse Keceipts. Uniformity in state legislation governing commercial and financial trains- ! actions, is desirable and important. This is true of laws governing storage. I The Southern States should have uni-! " t - ~ An pin of nf a crri/ >n 1 _ : I Or III lciws uii w ai cuuuoiujj v/i tural products; and an important step towards t'nis would be taken by the adoption of the uniform warehouse receipt act, and I urged upon you its adoption. Land Registration. I again advise that you enact a land registration law based on what is commonly known as the Torrens system. This is a necessary prerequisite to a system of rural credits. *A land registration act will simplify the matter of l.tnd titles reduce the expense of examination ei same and furnish a simple ar.d inexpensive plan that will cheapen the cost of borrowing money jj) real estate, thus making more practicable, at small expense, the use of ? i _ a. 1 ? iana as c-jjiaierai iui hmud. A Torrens system deed gives tne owner the secure feeling that the state warrants his title and thus puts an end forever to any doubt or fear of litigation. The time has arrived for definite action on this matter, and I strongly urge upon you the necessity for its enactment at this session. Rural Credits. Forty-three per cent of our white farmers are tenants. If we are to build up our rural district, increase the production of the soil, maKe easy t'ne improvement of our rural schools, churches, roads and all rural community life, we must have a greater proportion of our people as owners of their homes and farms. No one factor can contribute to this accomplishment and this blessing more than a practicable, workable system of rural credits, so that homes and farms can be t bought on long-time payments and at low rates of interest. This would furnish our w'nite tenants the plan by1 which the money which is now paid 1 as rent for farms could be applied to j I payments on farms bought. Every im-: I ..4- ~ y.^ nrnrl nr> ; I' rU'V t IIH li L, t'l ) cU i U u iiucv; vuuu tion is increased, would be for the ; benefit of the purchaser. After some 'years of effort, and industry, the annual ] ayments, little more than the j rent tne> now pay, would give them a ' fee .cim;::-\ unencumbered title to their , home and farm. I have pr; pared a plan to provide for lorg-timc mortgage loans, repayment of which is provided for on the amortization plan; but inasmuch as a measure of this kind has been introduced in Prince Albert such friendly it just makes a man sorry he and cigarette smoke long, long ; quick as the goodness of Prin i life! The patented process fix md parch! on the right-smoke-track soor rstand yourself how much y< the national icy . It stands to reason, doesn't it, nat Watch your step! pre It's easy to change the shape ha^ and color of unsalable brands to imitate the Prince Albert oc*l tidy red tin, but it is impossible ? to imitate the flavor of Prince Albert tobacco ! The patented process , protects thai! i-OD tha it's congress, with the strong probability of its adoption, it may be unnecessary! for the state, at this time, to act on i I this question until the experiment has been tried out by the federal government. But as a statement has been published by the comptroller of the currency, alleging that excessive rates of interest have been charged by certain j banks, and in view, further, of the widely advertised statement alleging exorbitant rates of interest being charged for advances to farmers, I deem it of great importance - that the state should provide a plan for shortterm credits for farmers, under which money can be borrowed by farmers at low rates of interest. I have drafted a plan by which this purpose can be ftn ,r? this nlan Will. I 'nope, receive that attention which will perfect it go as to make it available for our farmers. I shall submit this plan to you in a later message. This matter I deem of great importance, for if the statements that have been made as to these exorbitant rates of interest charged to farmers are true, then one cause for the failure of unprofitable farming will have been discovered, and it is our duty to endeavor, to remove the cause of this complaint. | It is manifest that no business can ' succeed that has to be operated under such adverse conditions. Good Roads. It is apparent to every observer that the roads in South Carolina are better now than they were a few years ago. j It is apparent, fiowever, to every ouserver that we have not yet arrived at that point when a system of building and maintaining our public highways has been satisfactory in results and economical in operation. The fact is many thousands of dollars are annually wasted in ill-judged construction, and almost negligible maintenance. When we consider the importance of cheap transportation in our rural districts and that transportation is an expensive item in our lives, it is time for us to bend attention seriously to the matter of road improvement. The time has come when we should act, and not deal in generalities on this subject. We all admit the necessity for good roads, and the economic ques- < tion involved in them. A number of plans "have been suggested to bring about a system of roadways throughout the length and breadth of the State, with construction that will be permanent and the cost of maintenance light, and I commend this subject to your earnest consideration.. We unquestionably need these i highways. They must Do constructed 111 we ar to l:co]} pace with the prog- ' re?s of our sister states. I direct your attention to the plan offered by Mr. Reid Whitford of Charleston as a basis of a plan for your consideration. It mav be that a state i registration tax on motor vehicles? our supreme court in a recent decision has declared that this can be dnoe v-c* in it didn't get wind of this 1| ago. Ha counts it lost l| cs Albert gets firm set i| :es that?and cuts out ^ 1 as you know how! )u'll like ||j i urnr! iWLfl IT^ smoke that if men all over the f|| ion, all over the world, fer P. Ac that it must II /e all the qualities to ||| isfy your fondest desires? & in, get us right on Prince l| >ert! We tell you this ||| acco will prove better .n you can figure out, 1| so chummy and fra- K mt and inviting all the j|| n . SsSi le. v^an i cosi you mure m hi 5c or 10c to get your ||| irings! Cay Prince Albert everywhere n??| tobacco is sold? in toppy red ^sss| bags, 5c; tidy red tint, 10c; handsome pound and half-pound ^ tin humidors?and?in that classy Ssafcj crystal - glass pound humidor , with, sponge-moistener top that keeps the tobacco in such great ||s|s trim! R. J. REYNOLDS THRAffft fHMPANY H Winston-Salem, N. C. ^ Cut Your Store Bill Down One Half Tens of thousands of farmers as well as town and city folks cut down their store bills one-half last year and saved money in spite of generally short crops and reduced wages. Absolutely millions of dollars were l?rp/1 HPH"PT* ?avcu clllli ^uuuuljo laiuiuva u'v? ~ than ever before in the face of the cotton crisis and general business depression. How were these burdensome store bills cut down? By the real money-saving power of good home gardens, rightly planted and kept planted and tended trough the season. Hastings 1916 Seed Catalogue tells how cut store bills down; tells about gardert and farm seeds of kinds and a quality that cannot be bought from your merchant or druggist. It's full of garden and farm information. It's free if you ask for it. Write for it now. Ii G. HASTINGS CO., Atlanta, Ga.?(Advt.) constitutionally?can be so devised to accomplish this great object, and I commend it to your consideration. Board of Conciliation. Labor conditions in the state, particularly in Greenville and Anderson counties, have been acute during the past year. The situation there shows that we should provide some legal machinery to investigate strikes, and mediate 'between employers and employes, I recommend the creation of a "board of Conciliation, which will iiave power to investigate strikes and to mediate in their settlement; in connection therewith., to have power to summon and examine witnesses, to compel them * *- J? ^4 to testify, to require uie prouucuvu. books of record and papers, if necessary, but, above all, to have as its duty the settlement of industrial disputes; and to make a report of their work-to the governor, and through him to the general assembly. I deem it important that this board be removed as far as possible from partisanship and from political influence; and I suggest that such a board should consist ?f three members, to be <->r,n/\ir> + o/i armimllv frvr a. t.Arm of one Jfc/V/XAA cv^v*. j w year, one to be appointed by the supreme court, one by the governor and one by the commissioner of agriculture, commerce and industries; that these members shouM be paid a per diem for the time employed. In the interest of justice and harmony I urge the creation of this board. State Federation of labor. The State Federation of Labor desires the enactment of a law creating a bureau' of labor. I approve of progressive legislation in behalf of labor, and with the operation of a board of conciliation during 1916, and tlie enforcement of the laws which we now have on our statute hooks protecting (Continued on Page Three.)