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the undervalued and despised population of A tnerica. The learned Dr. Williamson haa dis cussed this point with great ability. 1 forebore to go farther than to ascertain by the Correspondences already stated, the identity, of origin ant-derivation to the American and Asiatic natives. 1 avoided the opportunity which this grand conclaaien offered mo, of sta ting, that America was the cradle of tho human race t of tracing its colonies westward over the VaciHc Ocean, and beyond the sea of Kamachat ka, to new settlements, thusfollowing theemi grants 1>v land and by water until they reached' Europe and Africa } and finally, of following! adventurer.* from the former of these sections of tho globe, to the plantations and abodea which they found and occupied in Amtrtau I had no inclination to op)>ose the current opinions rela tive to the place of man's creation and dispersi on. 1 thought it was soaroely worth the while to inform an Ruropean, that on coming to Ame rica, he had left the nek> world behind him for tlx* purpose of visiting the Old. It ought, ne vertheless, to be remarked, that there are many frtt|ioif ant advantages ilerived to our reasoning from'the present manner of considering tho sub ject. The principles being now established, they will be sup|K)rtcd by a further induction or facts and occurrences, to an extent and an a mount that it is impossible, at this moment, fairly to estimate. And the conclusions of Jef ferson, Lafon, and others favourable to the greater antiouity of American population, will be daily reinforced and confirmed.t lluving thus given the history of these races of mnn, spreading so extensively over tho globe, I considered the human family under three divi sions. First, tho Tawny mnn, comprehending the Tartars, Malays. ('Iiinese, the American In dians of every tribe, I?ascars, and other people of the same cast and breed. FiMin these seem ed to have proceed two remarkable varieties } to wit : Secondly, the wliito man, inhabiting natural ly the countries in Asia and Kurope situated north of the Mediterranean Sea \ and, in the course of his adventures, settling all over the world. Among these I reckon tho Grecnlamlers and Ksouimaux. - .Thirdly, the Black man, whose proper resi dehce is in the regions south of the Mediterra 1 ? nenn, particularly toward the interior of Africa. ' The |ieoplo of Papua and Van Dieman'tt Land, seem lb be of this class. It is generally supposed, anil by many able and ingenious men too, that external physical cause*,* and the combination of circumstances which they call climate, have wrought all these changes in the human form. I do not, however, think them capable of explaining differences which exist among the nations, 'llierc is an in ternal physical cause of tlte greatest moment, which hps scarcely bean mentioned-. This is the jwneratrve influence. If by the act of model ling the constitution in the embryo ami fetus, a predisposition to gout, madness, scrofula, and <|onsam|/tion, may be engendered, w e may rati onally conclude, with the sagacious D'Aiara, that the procreative power may also shape the features, tinge thosktn, and give other peculia rities to man. 8. 17v M1TCIIKLL. t Notr.?-That the population of the Ameri can Continent in extremely Ancient, is an opini on in which we fully coincide with l)r. Mitchell \ hut we can perceive no certain data from which we can infer that America was the cradle of the IIum|n Race, or that the Western Continent was inhabited previous to the Kastern Continent. "When We take leave of the Mosaic atorv of the creation * we have no grounds for supposing that the Human specie* proceeded from one origin, or that one of the habitable Globe was settled hefWe inOthor. On the contrary, we .have eve ry rcawtr to believe that there are infinite varie ties of the Human species, each having a sepa rate origin ? atjd tlmt they difTcr from each o ther notonly ineiternalform and appearance, but?in the faculties of tte mlifcd. That these different graded of the race of man had an origin, and did not exist from eternity, i* a proposition which Is capable of the mofKmor ou* demonstration} for nothing is more evident than tliat mankind could not be in a progres sive state of improvement if the siteciea bo ad mitted always to have exlsted.r~At whatever period man was thrown info existence, we think there is every reason for believing that his spe cii H consisted of many gradev, and., that'each grade was composed of many indivratptls scat tered over the surface of the Olobfc* Ip at pre sent.?1'et. Intel. IX)I11)"hYRON, Notwithstanding hi* promise of a aw** year* truer?i* nf ill afflicted with the eacoethin tori* brnfli. " 1ahi" the last production of his that we l-nve read, is a most dull and incomprehen* aibie tale ? and never could liave been attributed to his Lordship, fcy any who had readhia?Childe llarolde" or his <l Corsair'*?were not his nam* prefixed to the publication. As Ilia Lordship has Completely bought up ami suppressed that witty and vigorous poem, " Knglislt bards and Scotch Reviewers"?in pure compliment to the feelings of Mr. Jeffreys, we think he might aa well suppress bis" JUrr/i"in compliment to hi* o\m, reputation. Byron is a w riter of fine faney and deep sensibility. He excels in the gloomy, the tragic, the heroic?-both in description and in sentiment. Ilis (light is not extensive, but it is often sublime. He possesses all th? vigour, (though none of the harmonv) of ftryden. It la evident that his best poems nave been his most M4fnmfone*. We nad rather see ah author of his capacities, rest a while upon hia Mrs, and collect his strength for some important effort, than to be ever and anon making abort stroke*, and yielding against his better judgment, to the rippling current of public ta#to~*whlch appears, at present to relish nothing Wut half* dozen IU* tie iioemi* fa one little book. The ? Mfgt of Corinth)" and " Pttrhha," poems by I?ord Hyron,haveJust been published in Philadelphia. Walter Scott haa published u Partft letter* to hi* ft'fatjhlk"?being a series oflettera from tho continent of tfarofbZ~8<mth> Put. AGRICULTURAL OLIVE TREB. Tho Ollve-Tree, or Oka. L. it a genua of plants cenaisting of six specie*, the prlnciiMd of which ia the Kuropcra* or Common Oilvu.Tree. ItU'aaativo of the 8outhern parti of Europe, es pecially Italy* Franco, Spain ant) Portugal, where it U cultivated to a very Considerable ex tent, on accouut of ita fruH, from whicH the iNwrf or $*lmd oil ia extraoted t and which Alao, when pickled, forms ail articlo of food.?This trie, however, produces no fruit in Britain, even ip hot-houses, ?, aa kis planted only in the gar dens of the curious, we spall confine our account to the proportion of olivea, and to the oil obtain ed from them. tMivea possess, in their natural state, an acrid, bitter, and extremely disagree able taste | which, however, is considerably Im proved when this fruit is pickled. The ?aeca olivea being smaller than any other, have the weakeat taste | the larger ones, imported fromj Spain are the strongest! but the most esteem ed are the olives of Provence, which are of a mid dling sixe, and not so strong oh those of Spain. On account of the great quantity of oil they con tain, all these varieties if eaten by persona of delicate habits, ai;e extremely hurtful, ea|>ectally if taken by way of dessert, after a solid or hea vy dinner. Aa an article of food, olive oil is preferable to animal fat s but it ought always to be mild, fresh, and of a sweet taste. It should not, however, be eaten by persona of weak atomacha t for even in its mildest state, it produces rancidity and a-; crimony, which are extremely injurioua to diges tion. Olive-oil is chiefly in salads, and should always bo consumed together with a large porti on of bread, or with the addition of sugar, oil ac count of its richness ) as otherwise it requires a powerful and active bite to assimilate it to ali mentary matter. Medically considered, olive oil has lately been found an excellent preven tive of the plague,/when rubbed over the whole body Imiuediatet/after the contagion is suppo sed to have taken place. It is also beneficially employed internally for recent colds, coughs, hoarsenesses, &c. whether mixed with water in to an emulsion, by means of alkalies, or with conserves of syrups, into a linctus.?Lastly, considerably quantities are used in the prepara tion of piasters, ointments, &c. for external ap plications. [The following excellent observations upon the culture of this invaluable tree, were addres sed by Thomas Jefferson, in July 1787* to the Agricultural Society of Charleston, South-Caro lina, and published In a little pamphlet by that association, shortly after.?Neither the advice, nor liberal offer contained in the communication, we are sorry to aay, were attended to*] 44 The Olivo ia a tree the least known in Ame* ricn, and yet the moat Worthy af btfanr l Of all the gifts of heaven to man, it ta r the moat precloua. Perhaps it may claii fcrcnce even to bread } because there U< infiuitude of vegetablee, which it i per and comfortable nourishing tho Alpa at the Col de Tende, mere massera of rock, wherever to be a little soil, there ire a number of ollve trees, and a village supported by them. Take away the ho. trees, and the aaftte ground in corn would not support a single f/unily. A pound of oil, which can be boUghf for (id. or 4d ?terlihg% is equivalent to many pounds of flesh by the quantity of vegetable* it will prepare, and -mfc tier fit and comfortable food. Without thi*.Mjr the country of Provence, and territory of Genoa would not support one half, per)Mfre hot one third, of their preeent inhabitant*. The mature of the soil isof little consequence, {fit bo dry. The tree# are planted (roappto 80 feet apart, and when tolerably goodwill yield 15 or SO Pnda of oil yearly, one year with another.? ?e trees will yield much more,?They be rope at CO years old, and Id, which happens at some even in their best poeitions in ey Jttftflpt again from their roots. In Italy, I am told^Ky have trees 200 years old. They afford an easy, but constant employ mc-nt through the year, and require so little nod* rishment, ifthe toil be fit for any other production, ft may be cultivated among the o livMreea. without injuring the*. The northern limita of this tree are the mountaina of Cevennes, from about the meridian of Carcaaaonne to the Rhone) from thence, tlie Alps and Appenlneaas far aa Genoa, 1 know, and how much farther! am not informed. The shelter of theae moun taina mav be considered aa equivalent to a de gree and* half of latitude at leasts because westward of tho commencement of the Cevennes, there are no olive-trees in 43 1-3 or even 43, of latitude | where we find them now on the Rhone at Pierrelatte in 44 1-2, and formerly they were at Taimu above tho mouth of the laere, in 45, sheltered by the near approach of the Cevennea and Alpe, which onlyleave there n paaaage for the Rhone. Whether ancha shelter extate,or' not^ m the itltfi of Mouth-Carolina tintl Otortiti I frnow not* But this we may aay, that either it exist#) or tliat It is not necessary there?because we know that they produce the orange in open air \ and wherever the orange will stand at all, experience shews the olive will stand well, being a hardier tree. Notwithstanding the great quan tity of oil made in Prance, they nave not enough for their own consumption, and therefore import from other countries, litis is an article, the consumption of which will alwaya keep pace with ita production. Raise it, and itbegcta its own demand, Little is carried to America, be cause Europe has it not to spare, we therefore have not learnt the use of it i But cover the southern states with it, and every man will be come a consumer of it, within whose reach it can be brought in point of price. If the memo ry of those persons be held in great respect in south-Carolina, who introduced there tne cul ture of rice, a plant which sows life and. death with almost equal hand, what obligatlona would be due to him, who ahould introduce the olive tree* and set the example of lis culture ! Were the owners of slaves to view it only as the means of bottling their condition, how much would tie better thatby planting one of those trees for e vcrr slave hepowesses?Raving been myself on eye-witness to the blessings which this tree sheds on the poor, I never had my wishes so kindled for the Introduction of any article of new cul ture into oar own country. ? South-Carolina and Georgia appear to me to bo the states, wherein its success, in favourable positions at least, could not be doubted | and 1 flattered myself, it would como within the views of the society for agriculture to begin the experi ments, which are to prove its practicability.? Carcassonne is the place from which the plants may be most certainly and clteaply obtained.? 'I'hcy can be sent from thence by water to Bor deaux, where they may bo embarked on vessels bound for Charleston. There is too little inter course between Charleston and Msrseilles, to suppose this o* the port of exportation. 1 offer my service to the society for the obtaining and forwarding any number of plants, which may be desired." mom tni rnii.ABKi.rHU jomsAi. THE ELM TRRK. In numerous places on the bodies and limbs or this tree, may be seen a white dowty and un der it are the eggs of the Iniecta which annual ly destroy two crops of leaves on this highly or namental tree. In about ton days the insect* will be fully formed and will then begin tocrawt to the leaves and commence their depredations on them, which will continue until not a ventij ? of a leaf is left. The following experiment is suggested to destroy the Insects, which, if ap proved of, should be put into execution without delay.?Pick off the rough, dead, outside bark of tne body and limbs, tear it ofF with a curry comb, or piece of bent hoop, or shave it off with a drawing-knife, and scrub them well with cold tobacco water, by means of a wisp of straw dip ped therein?let all the dead bark be swept up as it falls oft', and instantly be burnt. The to bacco water may be made by immersing the stems of tobacco in hot water. I every year view with very great regret the destruction of those highly ornamental trees in our State-House Square; and congiileiinjytha healthy luxury they would afford us byflflMr shade, if they were preserved In fall veratfRg 1 think the above experiment (which cost more than so dollars, even if u the trees) is well worth making | it i suggested to those who have the it to be made. Those citizens Trees before their doorf*ot $ who may try the plan * to communicate the it from so respectable a source,"JKI am Ihduced ' frtau? -Jjfo? it will bo invaluaWo to the community. The JJureau de CoimiUation desirous that this which it repafded* should receive exten re circulation, Invited the editors of this work insert it in their annals. . A recipe Tor thejdestruction of insects, such a* Caterpillars, Grubs, Bug*, Ante. tic/invented by C. Tatun Seedsman uud Florist, Paris : Common Soap of (he bent quality, 1 3*4 Lbs. Flour of Hulphur, 13*4 Mushrooim from the woods, hoi -t bedsor other places ft Rain ?r spring water 00 pinto. Divide ttye water into two equal proportion*, pour one half into a cask, large or small, which must be appropriated to this use alone, dissolve the soap and add the inushroon* after having having slightly mashed them; Bell theather half or the water in a pot, put all the sulphur in a thin clothy tie it With a string, and sink it in the boiling water with a weight sufficient for that pur' pose. If the pot-be too small and the thirty pinto of water be divided* divide alio the salphur in the same proportion. During twenty minutes which is the period the sulphur is to boil, stir it with a stick, both for the purpose of bolting the sulphur through the cloth and giving the water ail its force and color. Should the Ingredients be augmented in their proportion the effects of this composition will only be more certain and evident. The boiling water must be poured in to the Cft*k and stirred. It must be shaken until it become foetid?experience proves that the old er and (most fu?tid it is, the more prompt are ita ejects. You must be cautious to stop the caik whenever it is shaken. In making use of this water it is sufficient to pour it on tiie plants, to sprinkle thorn or to dip their branches in it, but the best method af an* piling the water, is by a common syringe, with a head of tin or pewter, about an inch and a half In diameter, fixed to the end of it, pierced with very small holes for delicute plants,.and. largei for trees. Caterpillars, beetfes, grubs, bed bugs and other Insecte are destroyed by the first use of It insects which live under ground, those which have a hard shell, wasps, hornets, anta &c. require a alow and continued use of it, tin til the water penetrates to their abodes. Ant heaps particularly, require fiom 2 to 8 pints of water, according to the extent ol the heap, which must not bo touched afterwards for ?4 hours.? If the absent ants assemble and form another htap, the water must be applied in the same man iter, until they are all dead, but tht< heaps must not be touched with a stick. Two ounces of vomica may be boiled with the sulphur* which will ghra greater effect to the water particularly in destroying the ants. After the water la used, it is necessary to be careful to bury the dregs, so that none of the domestic animals may eat them. X. ' * m4 ei Rrcetptto twerftn tunr iris#.?Mix with if an IndlAWtnt quantity of powdered Charcoal. CONOBE8S. SENATE. Mtmhm, Jthrtl 23. The Senate wan closely engaged the. who day on the various subject* before it. Amor the proceeding, the bill for tho organisation ? the Staff Department of tho Army, was read third time and pa?sed?lJ votes to 11. HOUSE OP IIKPRKSKNTATIVE8. Ahntkiy, 73. The House took up lor consideration the ? mendments made by tho Senate to the bill fro this House to regulate the assessment of tho <1 rcct tax, tkc. one of which was the addition oi .section directing a rcvittijn of the (MACAsmei and valuation of property in the stato of Del ware. The amendment produced n good de of debate, and was finally concurred in. Mr. Pleasants front tho naval committee r ported a bill to fix the peace establishment oft marine corps [reducing It to one thousand no cooimiieioucd ofllccre and privates j] which w twice read and committed* The bills on Friday ordered to a^fhird readi Were read a third time accordingly and passe withm single exception t which was the engn s<hI bill rcsjiOfting vaccination, 'lliis bill w laid on the tnblei oil motion of Mr. Southai who stated in making the motion, that n memt of the committee which reported the bill, w was at present absent from indiM>o*itioii, had i ceived important information from tho vncci agent* and also from officers of the army a navy j and had in consequence prepared so amendments which he wished to make to ' bill, to introduce vaccination into the army a navy?to rive time for this, Mr. S. asked t' the WW might lie on the table a day or two. Tlie House proceeded to take up the bill firovido for collecting the public revenues in awful money of tho country?(to enforce payment of specie.) Mr. Calhoun moved t( mend the bill by adding several additional r tions, authorising the issue of ? inilli of Treasury Notes, not to bear interest or ftindable, to he received in all dues to the (. ted States. Tlie amendments were ordure' beprinted, and the bill was recommitted Committee of the whole house for tlie pur)>o? considering the amendments. The House then took up the bill from tho nate to increase tlie aalaries of our ministei the courts of St. Petersburg, Paris and Lorn (to 13.000 dollars per annum) which bill passed through a committee of the whole? the question whether it should be engrossed reada third time, waa decided in tlie negt as follows?67 to 36. After some business of a private nature He?*? adjourned. ? " JprUQ*. % Mr* Hoot from the committee on expendil wir, department, reported a bill soj to tliescvefal, acts of tlie wardei ih waa twice read and comtnitu u?er from the committee appoint fettled balance oflleeofaccopi read an e t which i ... - ... ? ? '??.?i,. ,' ' The Howfe thentookup the report of tlie mtttee of the wMe on the bill providing the more eflectull collection of the public nues in the lawftit money of the country. Calhoun withdrew the amendments wnic proposed to the bill for the issue of Tre Noted. Mr. Bradbury then offered the fo ing proviso, to come in at' the end of the section f which was adopted by the House large majority :?" Provided uevertfuleu, nothing in tills act*contained shall be con? as ip Indemnity or justification to any ofll agent of the government, for any neglige) misconduct in the past or future collection r#r?!nts of public moneys.** j eral amendments having been pro and rejected, Mr* Hardin moved the indi postponement of the bill, which, after a deal of debate, was lost, 64 to 44. The ?tion was tluto taken on engrossing the bil third reading, and was decided as follow engrossing 5f, against it 46?sndthe hou jourued. Tfiurnlay, J Ml 93. The engrossed bill providing for the m fectuat collection of the public revenue lawful money of ttie country, was read tn< time, and after an arduous debate, it was rejected?yeas 59, nays 60. The House went into a committee whole on the amendments of the Senate bill to regulate the duties on imposts an nage. 'i he amendments were successiv greed to bv the.committee, and reported ' concurr eo in by the house. Fridnif, . Iftri! 26. On motion of Mr. Welwter, the follow solution having been read 3 tynes, was 7\ to 34.-J? Httolved* That Ute Secret the Treasury he, and he hereby is requir directed, to'adopt such measures ashe ina necessary, to rAuse, as soon a* may be, ties, taxes, debta or snms ftf money, accr Incoming payable to the United States, to lected and paid in the legal currency of t' ted States, or Treasury Notes, or notes Bank of the United States, as by law p and declaVed j and that frpmen? after tl day of February next, no such .duties, debt* or sum) of money, accruing or Ih* pay aide to the United States, as afore>aii to be collected or received otherwise tlta legal currency of the United States, or ' ry Notes, or notes of tho Bank of the States, as aforesaid." The bill fixing the pence establishmen Marine Corps, was Indefinitely postpni motion of Mr. Pleasants, who remarked had been ascertained that the Secretar Navy had already placed the corps on t hlishment contemplated by the bill, and thnt it was lielieved the corps might be m more efficient than 19 i* irns ?? present r