The telescope. (Columbia, S.C.) 1815-1818, May 07, 1816, Image 2
the undervalued and despised population of A
tnerica. The learned Dr. Williamson haa dis
cussed this point with great ability.
1 forebore to go farther than to ascertain by
the Correspondences already stated, the identity,
of origin ant-derivation to the American and
Asiatic natives. 1 avoided the opportunity
which this grand conclaaien offered mo, of sta
ting, that America was the cradle of tho human
race t of tracing its colonies westward over the
VaciHc Ocean, and beyond the sea of Kamachat
ka, to new settlements, thusfollowing theemi
grants 1>v land and by water until they reached'
Europe and Africa } and finally, of following!
adventurer.* from the former of these sections of
tho globe, to the plantations and abodea which
they found and occupied in Amtrtau I had no
inclination to op)>ose the current opinions rela
tive to the place of man's creation and dispersi
on. 1 thought it was soaroely worth the while
to inform an Ruropean, that on coming to Ame
rica, he had left the nek> world behind him for
tlx* purpose of visiting the Old. It ought, ne
vertheless, to be remarked, that there are many
frtt|ioif ant advantages ilerived to our reasoning
from'the present manner of considering tho sub
ject. The principles being now established,
they will be sup|K)rtcd by a further induction or
facts and occurrences, to an extent and an a
mount that it is impossible, at this moment,
fairly to estimate. And the conclusions of Jef
ferson, Lafon, and others favourable to the
greater antiouity of American population, will
be daily reinforced and confirmed.t
lluving thus given the history of these races
of mnn, spreading so extensively over tho globe,
I considered the human family under three divi
sions.
First, tho Tawny mnn, comprehending the
Tartars, Malays. ('Iiinese, the American In
dians of every tribe, I?ascars, and other people
of the same cast and breed. FiMin these seem
ed to have proceed two remarkable varieties }
to wit :
Secondly, the wliito man, inhabiting natural
ly the countries in Asia and Kurope situated
north of the Mediterranean Sea \ and, in the
course of his adventures, settling all over the
world. Among these I reckon tho Grecnlamlers
and Ksouimaux.
- .Thirdly, the Black man, whose proper resi
dehce is in the regions south of the Mediterra
1 ? nenn, particularly toward the interior of Africa.
' The |ieoplo of Papua and Van Dieman'tt Land,
seem lb be of this class.
It is generally supposed, anil by many able
and ingenious men too, that external physical
cause*,* and the combination of circumstances
which they call climate, have wrought all these
changes in the human form. I do not, however,
think them capable of explaining differences
which exist among the nations, 'llierc is an in
ternal physical cause of tlte greatest moment,
which hps scarcely bean mentioned-. This is the
jwneratrve influence. If by the act of model
ling the constitution in the embryo ami fetus, a
predisposition to gout, madness, scrofula, and
<|onsam|/tion, may be engendered, w e may rati
onally conclude, with the sagacious D'Aiara,
that the procreative power may also shape the
features, tinge thosktn, and give other peculia
rities to man. 8. 17v M1TCIIKLL.
t Notr.?-That the population of the Ameri
can Continent in extremely Ancient, is an opini
on in which we fully coincide with l)r. Mitchell \
hut we can perceive no certain data from which
we can infer that America was the cradle of the
IIum|n Race, or that the Western Continent
was inhabited previous to the Kastern Continent.
"When We take leave of the Mosaic atorv of the
creation * we have no grounds for supposing that
the Human specie* proceeded from one origin,
or that one of the habitable Globe was settled
hefWe inOthor. On the contrary, we .have eve
ry rcawtr to believe that there are infinite varie
ties of the Human species, each having a sepa
rate origin ? atjd tlmt they difTcr from each o
ther notonly ineiternalform and appearance,
but?in the faculties of tte mlifcd.
That these different graded of the race of man
had an origin, and did not exist from eternity, i*
a proposition which Is capable of the mofKmor
ou* demonstration} for nothing is more evident
than tliat mankind could not be in a progres
sive state of improvement if the siteciea bo ad
mitted always to have exlsted.r~At whatever
period man was thrown info existence, we think
there is every reason for believing that his spe
cii H consisted of many gradev, and., that'each
grade was composed of many indivratptls scat
tered over the surface of the Olobfc* Ip at pre
sent.?1'et. Intel.
IX)I11)"hYRON,
Notwithstanding hi* promise of a aw** year*
truer?i* nf ill afflicted with the eacoethin tori*
brnfli. " 1ahi" the last production of his that
we l-nve read, is a most dull and incomprehen*
aibie tale ? and never could liave been attributed
to his Lordship, fcy any who had readhia?Childe
llarolde" or his <l Corsair'*?were not his nam*
prefixed to the publication. As Ilia Lordship
has Completely bought up ami suppressed that
witty and vigorous poem, " Knglislt bards and
Scotch Reviewers"?in pure compliment to the
feelings of Mr. Jeffreys, we think he might aa
well suppress bis" JUrr/i"in compliment to hi*
o\m, reputation. Byron is a w riter of fine faney
and deep sensibility. He excels in the gloomy,
the tragic, the heroic?-both in description and
in sentiment. Ilis (light is not extensive, but it
is often sublime. He possesses all th? vigour,
(though none of the harmonv) of ftryden. It la
evident that his best poems nave been his most
M4fnmfone*. We nad rather see ah author of
his capacities, rest a while upon hia Mrs, and
collect his strength for some important effort,
than to be ever and anon making abort stroke*,
and yielding against his better judgment, to the
rippling current of public ta#to~*whlch appears,
at present to relish nothing Wut half* dozen IU*
tie iioemi* fa one little book.
The ? Mfgt of Corinth)" and " Pttrhha,"
poems by I?ord Hyron,haveJust been published
in Philadelphia.
Walter Scott haa published u Partft letter* to
hi* ft'fatjhlk"?being a series oflettera from tho
continent of tfarofbZ~8<mth> Put.
AGRICULTURAL
OLIVE TREB.
Tho Ollve-Tree, or Oka. L. it a genua of
plants cenaisting of six specie*, the prlnciiMd of
which ia the Kuropcra* or Common Oilvu.Tree.
ItU'aaativo of the 8outhern parti of Europe, es
pecially Italy* Franco, Spain ant) Portugal,
where it U cultivated to a very Considerable ex
tent, on accouut of ita fruH, from whicH the
iNwrf or $*lmd oil ia extraoted t and which Alao,
when pickled, forms ail articlo of food.?This
trie, however, produces no fruit in Britain, even
ip hot-houses, ?, aa kis planted only in the gar
dens of the curious, we spall confine our account
to the proportion of olivea, and to the oil obtain
ed from them. tMivea possess, in their natural
state, an acrid, bitter, and extremely disagree
able taste | which, however, is considerably Im
proved when this fruit is pickled. The ?aeca
olivea being smaller than any other, have the
weakeat taste | the larger ones, imported fromj
Spain are the strongest! but the most esteem
ed are the olives of Provence, which are of a mid
dling sixe, and not so strong oh those of Spain.
On account of the great quantity of oil they con
tain, all these varieties if eaten by persona of
delicate habits, ai;e extremely hurtful, ea|>ectally
if taken by way of dessert, after a solid or hea
vy dinner.
Aa an article of food, olive oil is preferable to
animal fat s but it ought always to be mild, fresh,
and of a sweet taste. It should not, however,
be eaten by persona of weak atomacha t for even
in its mildest state, it produces rancidity and a-;
crimony, which are extremely injurioua to diges
tion. Olive-oil is chiefly in salads, and should
always bo consumed together with a large porti
on of bread, or with the addition of sugar, oil ac
count of its richness ) as otherwise it requires a
powerful and active bite to assimilate it to ali
mentary matter. Medically considered, olive
oil has lately been found an excellent preven
tive of the plague,/when rubbed over the whole
body Imiuediatet/after the contagion is suppo
sed to have taken place. It is also beneficially
employed internally for recent colds, coughs,
hoarsenesses, &c. whether mixed with water in
to an emulsion, by means of alkalies, or with
conserves of syrups, into a linctus.?Lastly,
considerably quantities are used in the prepara
tion of piasters, ointments, &c. for external ap
plications.
[The following excellent observations upon
the culture of this invaluable tree, were addres
sed by Thomas Jefferson, in July 1787* to the
Agricultural Society of Charleston, South-Caro
lina, and published In a little pamphlet by that
association, shortly after.?Neither the advice,
nor liberal offer contained in the communication,
we are sorry to aay, were attended to*]
44 The Olivo ia a tree the least known in Ame*
ricn, and yet the moat Worthy af btfanr l
Of all the gifts of heaven to man, it ta r
the moat precloua. Perhaps it may claii
fcrcnce even to bread } because there U<
infiuitude of vegetablee, which it i
per and comfortable nourishing
tho Alpa at the Col de Tende,
mere massera of rock, wherever
to be a little soil, there ire a number of ollve
trees, and a village supported by them. Take
away the ho. trees, and the aaftte ground in corn
would not support a single f/unily. A pound of
oil, which can be boUghf for (id. or 4d ?terlihg%
is equivalent to many pounds of flesh by the
quantity of vegetable* it will prepare, and -mfc
tier fit and comfortable food. Without thi*.Mjr
the country of Provence, and territory of Genoa
would not support one half, per)Mfre hot one
third, of their preeent inhabitant*. The mature
of the soil isof little consequence, {fit bo dry.
The tree# are planted (roappto 80 feet apart,
and when tolerably goodwill yield 15 or SO
Pnda of oil yearly, one year with another.?
?e trees will yield much more,?They be
rope at CO years old, and
Id, which happens at some
even in their best poeitions in
ey Jttftflpt again from their roots.
In Italy, I am told^Ky have trees 200 years
old. They afford an easy, but constant employ
mc-nt through the year, and require so little nod*
rishment, ifthe toil be fit for any other
production, ft may be cultivated among the o
livMreea. without injuring the*. The northern
limita of this tree are the mountaina of Cevennes,
from about the meridian of Carcaaaonne to the
Rhone) from thence, tlie Alps and Appenlneaas
far aa Genoa, 1 know, and how much farther!
am not informed. The shelter of theae moun
taina mav be considered aa equivalent to a de
gree and* half of latitude at leasts because
westward of tho commencement of the Cevennes,
there are no olive-trees in 43 1-3 or even 43, of
latitude | where we find them now on the Rhone
at Pierrelatte in 44 1-2, and formerly they were
at Taimu above tho mouth of the laere, in 45,
sheltered by the near approach of the Cevennea
and Alpe, which onlyleave there n paaaage for
the Rhone. Whether ancha shelter extate,or'
not^ m the itltfi of Mouth-Carolina tintl Otortiti
I frnow not* But this we may aay, that either it
exist#) or tliat It is not necessary there?because
we know that they produce the orange in open
air \ and wherever the orange will stand at all,
experience shews the olive will stand well, being
a hardier tree. Notwithstanding the great quan
tity of oil made in Prance, they nave not enough
for their own consumption, and therefore import
from other countries, litis is an article, the
consumption of which will alwaya keep pace
with ita production. Raise it, and itbegcta its
own demand, Little is carried to America, be
cause Europe has it not to spare, we therefore
have not learnt the use of it i But cover the
southern states with it, and every man will be
come a consumer of it, within whose reach it
can be brought in point of price. If the memo
ry of those persons be held in great respect in
south-Carolina, who introduced there tne cul
ture of rice, a plant which sows life and. death
with almost equal hand, what obligatlona would
be due to him, who ahould introduce the olive
tree* and set the example of lis culture ! Were
the owners of slaves to view it only as the means
of bottling their condition, how much would tie
better thatby planting one of those trees for e
vcrr slave hepowesses?Raving been myself on
eye-witness to the blessings which this tree sheds
on the poor, I never had my wishes so kindled
for the Introduction of any article of new cul
ture into oar own country.
? South-Carolina and Georgia appear to me to
bo the states, wherein its success, in favourable
positions at least, could not be doubted | and 1
flattered myself, it would como within the views
of the society for agriculture to begin the experi
ments, which are to prove its practicability.?
Carcassonne is the place from which the plants
may be most certainly and clteaply obtained.?
'I'hcy can be sent from thence by water to Bor
deaux, where they may bo embarked on vessels
bound for Charleston. There is too little inter
course between Charleston and Msrseilles, to
suppose this o* the port of exportation. 1 offer
my service to the society for the obtaining and
forwarding any number of plants, which may be
desired."
mom tni rnii.ABKi.rHU jomsAi.
THE ELM TRRK.
In numerous places on the bodies and limbs
or this tree, may be seen a white dowty and un
der it are the eggs of the Iniecta which annual
ly destroy two crops of leaves on this highly or
namental tree. In about ton days the insect*
will be fully formed and will then begin tocrawt
to the leaves and commence their depredations
on them, which will continue until not a ventij ?
of a leaf is left. The following experiment is
suggested to destroy the Insects, which, if ap
proved of, should be put into execution without
delay.?Pick off the rough, dead, outside bark
of tne body and limbs, tear it ofF with a curry
comb, or piece of bent hoop, or shave it off with
a drawing-knife, and scrub them well with cold
tobacco water, by means of a wisp of straw dip
ped therein?let all the dead bark be swept up
as it falls oft', and instantly be burnt. The to
bacco water may be made by immersing the
stems of tobacco in hot water.
I every year view with very great regret the
destruction of those highly ornamental trees in
our State-House Square; and congiileiinjytha
healthy luxury they would afford us byflflMr
shade, if they were preserved In fall veratfRg 1
think the above experiment (which
cost more than so dollars, even if u
the trees) is well worth making | it i
suggested to those who have the
it to be made. Those citizens
Trees before their doorf*ot $
who may try the plan *
to communicate the it
from so respectable a source,"JKI am Ihduced
' frtau?
-Jjfo? it will bo invaluaWo to the community.
The JJureau de CoimiUation desirous that this
which it repafded* should receive exten
re circulation, Invited the editors of this work
insert it in their annals. .
A recipe Tor thejdestruction of insects, such a*
Caterpillars, Grubs, Bug*, Ante. tic/invented
by C. Tatun Seedsman uud Florist, Paris :
Common Soap of (he bent quality, 1 3*4 Lbs.
Flour of Hulphur, 13*4
Mushrooim from the woods, hoi -t
bedsor other places ft
Rain ?r spring water 00 pinto.
Divide ttye water into two equal proportion*,
pour one half into a cask, large or small, which
must be appropriated to this use alone, dissolve
the soap and add the inushroon* after having
having slightly mashed them; Bell theather
half or the water in a pot, put all the sulphur in a
thin clothy tie it With a string, and sink it in the
boiling water with a weight sufficient for that pur'
pose. If the pot-be too small and the thirty pinto
of water be divided* divide alio the salphur in
the same proportion. During twenty minutes
which is the period the sulphur is to boil, stir it
with a stick, both for the purpose of bolting the
sulphur through the cloth and giving the water
ail its force and color. Should the Ingredients
be augmented in their proportion the effects of
this composition will only be more certain and
evident. The boiling water must be poured in
to the Cft*k and stirred. It must be shaken until
it become foetid?experience proves that the old
er and (most fu?tid it is, the more prompt are ita
ejects. You must be cautious to stop the caik
whenever it is shaken.
In making use of this water it is sufficient to
pour it on tiie plants, to sprinkle thorn or to dip
their branches in it, but the best method af an*
piling the water, is by a common syringe, with
a head of tin or pewter, about an inch and a half
In diameter, fixed to the end of it, pierced with
very small holes for delicute plants,.and. largei
for trees. Caterpillars, beetfes, grubs, bed bugs
and other Insecte are destroyed by the first use
of It insects which live under ground, those
which have a hard shell, wasps, hornets, anta
&c. require a alow and continued use of it, tin
til the water penetrates to their abodes. Ant
heaps particularly, require fiom 2 to 8 pints of
water, according to the extent ol the heap, which
must not bo touched afterwards for ?4 hours.?
If the absent ants assemble and form another
htap, the water must be applied in the same man
iter, until they are all dead, but tht< heaps must
not be touched with a stick. Two ounces of
vomica may be boiled with the sulphur* which
will ghra greater effect to the water particularly
in destroying the ants.
After the water la used, it is necessary to be
careful to bury the dregs, so that none of the
domestic animals may eat them. X.
' * m4 ei
Rrcetptto twerftn tunr iris#.?Mix with if an
IndlAWtnt quantity of powdered Charcoal.
CONOBE8S.
SENATE.
Mtmhm, Jthrtl 23.
The Senate wan closely engaged the. who
day on the various subject* before it. Amor
the proceeding, the bill for tho organisation ?
the Staff Department of tho Army, was read
third time and pa?sed?lJ votes to 11.
HOUSE OP IIKPRKSKNTATIVE8.
Ahntkiy, 73.
The House took up lor consideration the ?
mendments made by tho Senate to the bill fro
this House to regulate the assessment of tho <1
rcct tax, tkc. one of which was the addition oi
.section directing a rcvittijn of the (MACAsmei
and valuation of property in the stato of Del
ware. The amendment produced n good de
of debate, and was finally concurred in.
Mr. Pleasants front tho naval committee r
ported a bill to fix the peace establishment oft
marine corps [reducing It to one thousand no
cooimiieioucd ofllccre and privates j] which w
twice read and committed*
The bills on Friday ordered to a^fhird readi
Were read a third time accordingly and passe
withm single exception t which was the engn
s<hI bill rcsjiOfting vaccination, 'lliis bill w
laid on the tnblei oil motion of Mr. Southai
who stated in making the motion, that n memt
of the committee which reported the bill, w
was at present absent from indiM>o*itioii, had i
ceived important information from tho vncci
agent* and also from officers of the army a
navy j and had in consequence prepared so
amendments which he wished to make to '
bill, to introduce vaccination into the army a
navy?to rive time for this, Mr. S. asked t'
the WW might lie on the table a day or two.
Tlie House proceeded to take up the bill
firovido for collecting the public revenues in
awful money of tho country?(to enforce
payment of specie.) Mr. Calhoun moved t(
mend the bill by adding several additional r
tions, authorising the issue of ? inilli
of Treasury Notes, not to bear interest or
ftindable, to he received in all dues to the (.
ted States. Tlie amendments were ordure'
beprinted, and the bill was recommitted
Committee of the whole house for tlie pur)>o?
considering the amendments.
The House then took up the bill from tho
nate to increase tlie aalaries of our ministei
the courts of St. Petersburg, Paris and Lorn
(to 13.000 dollars per annum) which bill
passed through a committee of the whole?
the question whether it should be engrossed
reada third time, waa decided in tlie negt
as follows?67 to 36.
After some business of a private nature
He?*? adjourned.
? "
JprUQ*.
% Mr* Hoot from the committee on expendil
wir, department, reported a bill soj
to tliescvefal, acts of tlie wardei
ih waa twice read and comtnitu
u?er from the committee appoint
fettled balance
oflleeofaccopi
read an
e t which i
... - ... ? ? '??.?i,. ,' '
The Howfe thentookup the report of tlie
mtttee of the wMe on the bill providing
the more eflectull collection of the public
nues in the lawftit money of the country.
Calhoun withdrew the amendments wnic
proposed to the bill for the issue of Tre
Noted. Mr. Bradbury then offered the fo
ing proviso, to come in at' the end of the
section f which was adopted by the House
large majority :?" Provided uevertfuleu,
nothing in tills act*contained shall be con?
as ip Indemnity or justification to any ofll
agent of the government, for any neglige)
misconduct in the past or future collection
r#r?!nts of public moneys.** j
eral amendments having been pro
and rejected, Mr* Hardin moved the indi
postponement of the bill, which, after a
deal of debate, was lost, 64 to 44. The
?tion was tluto taken on engrossing the bil
third reading, and was decided as follow
engrossing 5f, against it 46?sndthe hou
jourued.
Tfiurnlay, J Ml 93.
The engrossed bill providing for the m
fectuat collection of the public revenue
lawful money of ttie country, was read tn<
time, and after an arduous debate, it was
rejected?yeas 59, nays 60.
The House went into a committee
whole on the amendments of the Senate
bill to regulate the duties on imposts an
nage. 'i he amendments were successiv
greed to bv the.committee, and reported '
concurr eo in by the house.
Fridnif, . Iftri! 26.
On motion of Mr. Welwter, the follow
solution having been read 3 tynes, was
7\ to 34.-J? Httolved* That Ute Secret
the Treasury he, and he hereby is requir
directed, to'adopt such measures ashe ina
necessary, to rAuse, as soon a* may be,
ties, taxes, debta or snms ftf money, accr
Incoming payable to the United States, to
lected and paid in the legal currency of t'
ted States, or Treasury Notes, or notes
Bank of the United States, as by law p
and declaVed j and that frpmen? after tl
day of February next, no such .duties,
debt* or sum) of money, accruing or Ih*
pay aide to the United States, as afore>aii
to be collected or received otherwise tlta
legal currency of the United States, or '
ry Notes, or notes of tho Bank of the
States, as aforesaid."
The bill fixing the pence establishmen
Marine Corps, was Indefinitely postpni
motion of Mr. Pleasants, who remarked
had been ascertained that the Secretar
Navy had already placed the corps on t
hlishment contemplated by the bill, and
thnt it was lielieved the corps might be m
more efficient than 19 i* irns ?? present r