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V.- .,, jr 4" r -4*1 jg- -- -;td 44 ~ - -)-kitR 4 ",44 4 4.I fit _T ~~T j* - AP ~~n~ 6ev~si .1A- 4 . LIEgy . c tiAgr diAnd d. peb te d pii hatO ~ ~ ~ ~ A 6:6MredM~~ od. t i TINGTor4 webh4 G 1852a, EI' fD &UE~ Imlve been a.' Am it of y~j~Jtter ,.-yoittiat u are nbuti, r r r''gnre 0 -1-itaaf Senatorswland i.e ,-- thugde!&aching tie i the ogialative biaeih 8erntenTA,r whlile SM .hl in -injow -wit t BYA s d W h all ndv A 'werci about _17301110 0.4-0f jWI~ diait a .n le f a resoIn Lt Ing Oygr. enators, andRe y though - not- legally. nilmer'hact kofSeces. .*6 n 14wMf bvidus, prop~riety A3 !fhi ihtet and it wMuld t~ i~ 8h tdgii'of an. einbar rt t in e1ief'n aiiel t t eongqsygve-oi ainore ac(Ivaa~rp up.se-.-to ,-rely .upon.* iL2*sahQesustncoesof., remedly-as. kte1irotetivojjeffort.of.'invokode soy 4roty;: would be strange, indecd. 1% diet 6the mneastre, i lit l d I t! u g)el it in a C0 s 0o ieu iL is condeU -re that diCoention is SovC gac n to; the,doctrines of i~ith0ai-o'nagan ui'l that there. is nor'ut~ifrity 'eapible of - rihtifull v dtiftollil,. -9 fition. But it must biir ] d;lthat a soverei can, il ytyylhoe" hiimsolt iinder 1h4g1,i tid li abilities, of whieh, qpano,e -lievediun,11self except "orA-agatioriof the terms of the win pgeatl then only by repndia. tiingha) 4 Dinpact -itserf. Ail .that Cai b a~lfully ddn o.by a State, a Con ttdio'int uadof but there are it ftinaWiber of' thing which a State difWat' ldt Id is'51h remains ; e dIdof thue Uniuth. No State :' e ic ; einit bills of Sly~rp uate anythmg: but. ol and ENYR~eoyheelityinpayment o stitittiow,and see how many t.sabili tieb arAh yo's'ed .upon; a State, of w1111hiT it chnnot - exonerate' itself 6eeipt if 'Seedssion. The tenth A ihtiwoit to the Constitution reads "The powgers n lelegated to the guIised tates . by 'the Congsitation 'ior1dthiited - by i:itto ths~ States, I.- -1'IbeVudd the -States .respeci 1~t ik w~rs 'expreissively dele. Nftp 1& tIh"U'nited States, or E Ahd"States, ' he of if ervr d eitlier to tihe sig-Mgtpeoplo of th efgrupavntio is :'not; greater .TNow theolloficese of Senator and Refrese,:tative ixre oren ted by thu 8tantii~tion a ftiid " United -States, MN i of T Legislature o clue t eone, dl that off t..other cotn eg thmmeconlstitution.'i:hie great~d te~offieersenor,:conferred theigh*t- to electsathtm;: and-'hti (11 hoVgivoe it 'ednat . talke awvay. hItli~L sIktnre holda 'its right to digopMafdinhdenntntlf ' (If the efg$l1Q~ohl thei righit u~ ee p it: sindiLpendlently, of ves 3,1IaYin awl1 of ~lio Legisla hod wem~e the Legislatuire 9hoghb' of sits own-f necord, dleCline tI'0sOSntors, oa if theL peoplI e J V~ird'd yytight of coi. fe . Jit inl case ction9 'k ns, shioul u'deuit ILt deprive. tli people of the imeans vol electiligy I preetitivefV Gutigra pyer egwesOiwc g 4y_, y Gus~tituong , propeggq Lu. .pg,iglv newsatt ectiou latis, .'ad. by virtue: 6t0' theoseolad alItandifuho pe opldmiglit,-akiafdllyd eeetal I tire ##te dttitst lhctual thet alleuli'bmbtitd.'i e cntquence w'iid bed thit thltillic.d oFRteWi:0u. i:Kf 'i, ai hoso opp,1 sUpposOtin.. t qe 1ate,ua uido t~l 5 Id of hI tjitlimo It ~youIJ( nlot helptho ineattr, tbat the, *Legip, la ure shouellhave acted .under and injunctibn fron -Convention..- Teh'C urditnafTe- of 1Con Ven tion, oujoi-niig the act,-woub Ibe -6f"6 highicy auttority thiin -iliClOnstigulion, of t L tate. r i hne of ~ConVct4iin, in 1lio0y, a.partif the(.Stw~te fon tiuti 'I -1 , th (onstitutiun .of . the .,United Stuaee exresslyTdleclares, that all la ws naok in lAirunnleo thiereof, shiall be the "the Julges int'eY Stat'shmAll 'be boup4 thershi, a T1y tiiiig in , the Opifu6i or.avs of aly Stite. to, thaeiputz:a,:y, notwta s a-1ding' lhus it will be sco, that lepresentativcs elected under the circunstances de. so-ibed;, by .a handfhl of - people,r in some'corner (-f tie-State, would have to'be*g.nrded as lawful Representa tics not t nly by tic United States auphoritieq, but by tld . judielM ti buai sof tela itsel. ud should tile Leislature, in obedience to: an - ii uitioun from Convention, declare it an ouffce to paiticipate in such elections, .the -State Courts would be bouind by caths of oilice;.to :declaro~the cact or the' Legislafa~re .unconlstitutioli --and void. There wouldl be G af "ti e6onerating the 3 14 est U 1Its , nu s the Corveni ing ?Judicially upont he Cuu.stitutiun of the United 3':ates, shocldlstleniily declat#, that th State had- lever intended to grint-to Congress the power to ro tille for eledir,. Arid' where is the possibiil' or the desidetability, thjat a'Convyntiun of the I.cule of South Caitolina should ever Le brought to %.uttier so pl.lable a false hood? Uu.it it is iedless to say more, with the view of showing tha1t the Comnven. tion'aid the Constitution of the State, lhve imthing.to d> with the matter of United States Seniators aid Repre seitautves. . If as I have alreadly sai1, the peoplo should choose not to ciect lepresentatives under an act of Congress frt the pirpose, they would violate neither the laws or the Con. stitution, ofr the United States ; but it 1mu. be b.>i-o in minl, that though eve person in tho State, excelt lirty voters should refuse to go to the polls, these fifty wouhIl be cUIsiICed as coistituiting the peole, and the persons olected by them, would be lawful Representatives. A distin .uishied R Iepreacenaive from South Carolina, wins once elected by thirty vote's, tl.er C being no oppositioni. Bu1~t ini poinit of expediency, what odconseuenew~can be poCintedC out as likely to follow? Not one, I apprehuend. That portion of the peo ple, who, fo any reason should choose to respect the will of' the Con vention, would beconme disfranichized as to the eletion of Represenitative~s. and the eleelion would fall exclusive ly, into the hands Of those whio would disr-egard the will of the Conventioni. Toaprovent.this monstrous injustice, the j adicial tribunals would be resort ed to; but I'lhave sh own howv these h'uthorties wouldl, inevitably, be placedl in .ggnflietwith, the Conven tion, and on the side of" those who should despise its coinmand and love the- Union. How long would such a state of' things be tolerated by the Nrcari it be doubted that public opihipniin ou sigter States, would he, unanimous against us. Our frziends there being, in a great measure, held responsibletfor onr-acts, would fejel tha~m wd had, uselessly put upon th~emn an unr-easonable rdsponsilhity, andl th~at it stood them in hand, to 1be f'orermost .to. reprobate an act, whicb it.would~ be vaini to aittemp1t to defend; wh~ioTor us Constitutional or as re vo lutioilary-for'the aet would be not niiore repugdant 'to the Constitution, than it woumld be' unwvorthy -of the sii t of' revohition. The wvorst thming' that -onld ij~efall us anid- our cause. w hichf'inthT d ,io f-atb shi ua Se t ous and .imanly sy m athies' fX i'ln by'eglren in ~othl e'tres rould b r1jgudjtqd tligneIelv byv tIe; 'i9hig horsL" dirwaarohigh ,considdintiqug of;patriotisra indiat te*maishilo Ob vIous'tosthe itnitids of al-; -wly 'Our 8tntobahkeuld ribt y vhildden~de r'ni'Cie'i? Sotidtun sikers. Atid IL t u'isiut'{- 'ie ak thti ond aill be Abe lo~d ihto th t wo.ie-e agig ( tid tip" by '90"-a 9np ,t usg ipt. do juit i, e iiii ac o ofA'ngs, aos i|nifakq it i "nifest to the wI,,thnt wa stained fioni d-iti-g morey tiy'be-t cause we were 'friid. let- the Stut16 se'd:dOr !not secede;tlo whate4i'ili touchil p, heir f ~ ii , f hit il e'sal'efo'the eprgil ftt-tIsiticn! Ir Anxigus.~hat 4he'mnoiement in tbe, South -shouldbot -qroie fuitless olie -Isetdeatd6iedaibrv i buonitin&to hopt',, that. cit'ddnin't dnes lit osti fy fib 06nve'tltion n-Tr ou~ir, tr the other4 Stttic, An t amendyit r the Uonstihtitijn, ubi as ~hd iggest.' ed bi'Mr. Cabomi.'Ubn i lat pro posiiii I know .that. Mi. C-il.oun locked.to a ;protracted and anile discussion, iTIVol0ing as it wiould all the relations:between the-No th and the Soutth, comprehending every' fIi' of injustice -and danger from the Union present and' future, ad dii-lacing the isidioius folie~ of' oi& eieills, Which is tha of 1 tunsd periodical assakutsI 8 ,-i-Iv intiervals, nore or less extendel of cnjhleiey, flattery, and -pledges -of plitforis, election-jubilees aid--:intrgues -with Southeit arnbition. Tt h the ' Con volition is I ' ,i tiofn woid * o ira pro rtune aid 'worse than useess. Out friends aren ot sufliciently strong to institute a dis. Cuion- upon it,. and- it wjuld find in every State overwhelming majorities cominittedj, and in many instances, orgranized and embittered against it. I know that Mr. Cihlitonn meant to practice more than ustial caution, both as to oppor'tiity and as to the sni cc from which' the proposition should comc. I cannot h wever, in a state of things, not. foresecn by him. asunie to make aflirmations, as to what his advice would be, but I have an oliiL n perfectly satisfactory to inyseltf. It appears to mae hzat tho course proper for the Convention is plain. A m-ere nuinriical majlritv, cannot consistently with sound policy or the doctrines of the State, undertake to secede. The suljremacy of nuneri cal majority was the oljrct of abhor enlco and detestation with Mr. Cal houn. His great work, the. greatest of works. on gorverinment, is almost exclusively devoted fo the ex; osure of the enormity of this idea, and the maintenance of the proposition, that upon the opposite idea depends nearly every thing great or valuable in hu man society. I1is grand idea is. that governmiient should. be "that' ofl the whole and not of' iart."- To that adjustment of power between the lowv and up-country in South Carolina, mnakiing the government in some de gree one of' concurrent manj"rities, he ascr-ibed mainly those social peculiar i ties, nhiebh are, undinialy, the sub jzect of condemnlation andi eulogy dhroughuout the Union. T1his pmrini pie lie would have applied to every, even the least considerable act of' leg islation; for mnstance, an act to char ter a ferry, or incorpiorato a reading inb; and judge what he would think of an attempt by a nuimerical imnjority to sweep from existenice, at a single blow, a whole system of' governmnti; to ordain a new order of things, and to take under its control, a vast and complicated social question, extend ing immensely beyond the limits of the State, and in relation to which there arc in sister States fifty-nine times as many peopilo directly and equally interested,. as there are peir sons in South Carolina, in favor of' isolated secession. Why let us see what process the State has thought it wise to adopt to make tha smallest modification of the Stato Constitution. Two-thirds of the legislature, elected upon the principle of concurrent ma jei-imis, aro requiired to vote for the change. Theli question is then sub mitted to the pole, and a newv Leg ielature oee'ted with seial ,ms~ci to,,thec tigg, ajd ,is ote new bJ~egs)a ipinSh 41fp)lt;t) the chainge,,.lkt.4, sL 'LO. noi dwI onI-..this poin i N :: p g" * fbe~i CLoitvoeutio~n basf J iiuttI ~veiqi4ingp;~. tidl 0(e4 ig )-iglie ,tre reason 1itgt iggt .cfe of '10 ions tt haIoneymaid 'in theioili6e'-8ugh. ,em.SttaR.1rhero tileop ~of-resort.tli e tipn,, it . rl. p plo oh ithSoutlrethen onsthy.de sepatit raesis~vnee atd iii.ppenog. 9 j1t upon their. o~vn~cppyey c9, never 1it.thlat li01 tI_ olia is a iheidit ' ithe o*%M L#t41$ aft aj.9q9- ;xs 9 jugglg'es nd Ito s ) iy S(ates stiperiority over oursefres. .FL theio iintion '' (to k jie ure; illifido '.hat -teitt1 (nee'd9 t be'die 'anti what dneotheaia do; it cinnslaoP .tb1) pdopt of'tie Stftrdy.herocIU1 the', Legislature:' fou'nd; theuein Nosvember .1:850U1Mrom -te titeo he.Gonventiniw ~firt call.ed,. consilering .;the -cixrcuOapes and te rins of thecall,it wasgifesy t wifthout some.. new aggrpssion, the State Iol- be isolatell, 4 6 i.te Southieriri gh, ty,"Ietiits li tancy in the othei StiteF iionid b6 repressed-tind saffocatedn ,3 iXut thei idea sooh suggested: i ..thaV the Convention uiiglat be 44 !iurestor ing harmony -to the .86VLi. Ina my fiist. public gyinuticj. 1 indica., ttl this as the, prop 9A g jl h onvention.., lad i e 7 . tafe ifsed t i-everitce ha t ya eL'f6i 'r cogDnig ', ito the legal opiinSus of the most ,cminent men of the State, ling and deid. Seia cota weiould have. "laid tie futmidation for -stife and contcri tion and the reign of faction!fdr the next: ten years. And in this conitest, what wvould have been ;! the predicament of those who, having ad vised or acquiesced in the -call of the Conlventioni, shoid have' turned a. bout to dishonor and stringle it? What? There is no danger of the Con. ventioi doing ant absurd act, viah such responsibilities resting.upon it. There never was any danger. When inl May, 18~>1, both parties found .it aecesiary to disavow "imnmediate secessioli," it was V.1ain to me' tlat secessi n was dead. This was the true; the oily reliable test. The propositin of ifuture speculative secession was fit only to produce a delusioi. Put off the day as long as you might, it would have to Come at last; and w it should come, the riesti nvuald then beu -immediate seeession.' A nd those w ho repudia. ted it in May, 1851, could not reas onably be expected, after a cooling iocess of twelvi e nithas, to be ii favor (if it in May 1852. In my opinion, the Conventien was called uder a miisappirceesioni of' the v'iews and wishes of our friends in oither States. It was supposed 1y many concerned, that they desired us to act Iprompjtly anid decisively. It was f'eard, thait except we did so, we should fall behind i-ui fi-iends and arag themn down. The authors of this dlelusin bear a weighty reson-. sibility. But the Legislature hiaving~ instituted action with the confident expectationi in tho minds of many that co-oper-atio n would ho secured, the State nil not suiffer disgrace in declining to secede without co-oper ationi, ad against all hope of ainy suplpIo:t fromi abroad. With pecife'ct uiiainhnity, andi, as no body doubts, with the lpeifect good faith, she marched ump to the lino of resistance: aiid the responsibility of non-action is a thousand times nioro with the other States than with South Carolinas TIhere is~ no disgrnce ir South Car olina declining to assu-mne the :ex elusive control of' a vast qjuestion -in wvhich fourteeni other much larger States have an idenitical ad equial interest with herself. No onedi. pues that in a legal sense, the in stit ution of saveiy withiin the $tate, is local and distinct from *the. eaamo institution ini any other State,. and the State ha~s the right to do as she p ileases, leaving the otlier ,States to do as they inamt think "urpne. ",1at 'te 'adl st-tesi*inliLe si . ti tit~uilte douIes 4il 'disruenodtdi thoisfgf ti 08s rrirZC~erfbW~ i ttiti n at it'tes con dt. ty pilacedby;t5the Stato:i iidIien, r 1fking~castelecxeepzt-sheffirst loeib er: c seltf-possssion ,ar~I delf-control; lhsty 11 1and4 abrupt action is naturnt (tom re- t< 040 lp'41io Sta t,1~l~blid . ildApQW 'ri~rutjoi.1,atidt b bet ifrli ';dfl(1 a grgat figcihty otfauling int9,error, b unibe thentves hae' u gi~eie to-. f pacity., 1 oia agi .ea ithI his; -comsatiton, tepublicar ould beeaaife" without it the~y iwotid not IS ;1iNE ndirect itcrU it ih the a e , i 6t ter'reitr- 1 rh8lddl nt if 'aca-dishte f jA re- i o9fk pr alate oLtz U n,' &I)ose f.nA1FleB P ari~J. c t.III q1pj.gi. t'01, Ir r itld ihse of o . Yt er uly,, -9rfiend, -L A. W,00DW'ARDAn e SL. .. I rKLEY 1E .- a .4 int 11i or th Luaw. u TL1B Houe Ifdprsentihtiveaas U-., ty, . millionci of dArq As Cthil. Whegn a - eao'f -ea&do, andrst ConeCis was oneofther most patriotid tlhat, ver mot;, and: the' Union:wag sated tv a union' rf the patriots of both part1ic, atier th- -niost copious .profession of principlesi.that evtr occurred, it .was not clearly understool how- it fitppenh ed "that, sio -hmiih money:was rdquired. But. perhaps, a matter uLi te or- ten t.y millions, more or less, wats too tri fling to engage the -attention of the great statesmen that ivore saving the. Union. But now, when re-union -. o T parties is the order of. the daly, II and President-making engrosses the m thoughts of anxiois patriots, Mr. Pre. " sident. -Fillmore comes, and like Oliver ti Twist, holds lout his empty soup bowl I" and demauds of the horror ttruck tl treasury-guardians, nearly three mil- 0 lions m11ore for the current year. J ust t2 as we were discussing the policy of tl intervention in the aliirs of Europe, ti' ofdefeidiiig the frontiers of Iltingary fi agaiist the- Russians, and -of Italy, ei Switzerland, Belgium, and :perhaps, e Eigltnd, against Louis Napoleon, we are told that about three millions more must be voated, or we caniot defenud f our oWn] fronltiers fr om the Cuiianebes, r Apaches, aid Navajocs. . . This is a great and growing country. b It is rowin territory, -a lationi, ini pilanthropy, . iii polities, ina P'residential canididates, anid in-plat-. 0 lorms. Uut it is growting mour rapidly 8' in deficiency bills. 'lhere. is :a: dell- ir eiency ini appropriations, .in public. mo- " rads, in common sense, in lands for the e liadless, in bread for the idle,.ind a" de~ficiency of several hundred millions e of acres of lands- to make railroads all e over creation, ospecially where- there '3 is-ai deficiey of population and busi- Si nleis to use thenm after they are built. h There is a deiciency .of a - hundred tl thousrand federal oflices for the frienads e of all the candidates. There will be n a1 serious deficioney.. inae votes for h' nearly ad of themi in the national con- tJ vent-ions, and we would not- be sur prised-if there were a deficiency of votes b for the nominees of each oft the .two g parties. . - I There has been- no deficiency- of prFo- a feasions, however, by this adinistrai- d Lion of its devot ion to- the faithfl exe ention of thie-aw-but alas it turns out that th<-reibas been a grent deficieney in its p'Iuitiec. The appirop~riation)s of a publicainoney have been miadehy Con. ri greds.- And-it. has been thought esential ' thetr the control oft the - public purse (i should belong to the rep~res4entativosof i thu State and'-people. Acting under ts notioni the Inst Corngress appropriated i somnefifty odd millions of' ddhlams, for C one4 year, and specifiedl the piirposes to s whlich it was-to be-nr plied. ut ,nowv 1 come;C thi Presidet, anid says, thait in ~i the ewer-ise of his high dieerdtion'br 11 pi'ei-ogaive, lit 4Onlueldl to rjpend it t all lin riino tutit s, and nokw de-naiids 't imrinetdiaitely s(,ndC thre6S millonk lnre, '1 or. ho will ananim thao de.ti "4 rh I ~Ifi'dUl ilk II pmc~ Theoigcsi~ibe %a1~th~ 0 have wce.6 kIv'dA 44h .4 WmIsa .0 a i -.' VVa~vI 'the3~ rndst-rl ~f ...........bit#fd Il pt i~g fldfb t* f oihi i q4 ONO. fhei'1&i I hWA ' i Af r-AI (bzro jh1atI ttud oribeI t o wd~ eaLJ fb~l~ii.~ nitc~'aa ~~ sd r~f~inp XT~t t IaifltLiI%, - J AV o 2 I RU$) pxid os ?P - c; fpatult 't th 4-ij1 a H 0bobr,1I~J I~ 4tqo- Alykit p. sl lepn! ~r 11m Lterglinoy, lutinu~q~ 11ip~f thuL- mau. !'Tueqi -~nic f4 81)h a tmcs +kes th imrepin-thtIftr -Mg "Ge lit~ie sr ~tila irr a1-t.s or the cng4ltM~ pIng ThLori Cal we 1 j are u dot rnsi~ mrfthe people, .hy iIh rOni~ 01:Add I,,ti e'i1ilyiil sA' sle Mnea O.' n tio er jwj:~ ~y Imthe penencyor"f% Conrst ft.~ akes~d to he 'piton tixdtA'r denftt ins arte besComii rathr tob thew, tte ome e ruiireindy.t fppthnssfi~ rinc g cto ivi.ts~h;xet li~ iiIifl 't', e ar3n tire- corriytlv hipr of lthe peoe.. have,'eybil toatendton a es conply 't ...Exu Iv i 't or ad t thvreo'mWibos tdld lu.i ,t i. u-i f iro the members of 411d .*ga OW' 'nrnetti the thiin of'Ju; ' c 2 ~Ilsiae becominge -w rAbot threeA