The Sumter banner. (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, April 06, 1852, Image 2
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TINGTor4 webh4 G 1852a,
EI' fD &UE~ Imlve been
a.' Am it of
y~j~Jtter ,.-yoittiat u are
nbuti, r r r''gnre
0 -1-itaaf Senatorswland i.e
,-- thugde!&aching
tie i the ogialative biaeih
8erntenTA,r whlile
SM .hl in -injow -wit
t BYA s d W h all ndv
A 'werci about
_17301110 0.4-0f jWI~ diait
a .n le f a resoIn
Lt Ing Oygr. enators, andRe
y though - not- legally.
nilmer'hact kofSeces.
.*6 n 14wMf bvidus, prop~riety
A3 !fhi ihtet and it wMuld
t~ i~ 8h tdgii'of an. einbar
rt t in e1ief'n aiiel t
t eongqsygve-oi ainore
ac(Ivaa~rp up.se-.-to ,-rely .upon.*
iL2*sahQesustncoesof., remedly-as.
kte1irotetivojjeffort.of.'invokode soy
4roty;: would be strange, indecd.
1% diet 6the mneastre, i
lit l d I t!
u g)el it in a C0
s 0o ieu iL is
condeU -re that diCoention is SovC
gac n to; the,doctrines of
i~ith0ai-o'nagan ui'l that there. is
nor'ut~ifrity 'eapible of - rihtifull v
dtiftollil,. -9 fition. But it must
biir ] d;lthat a soverei can,
il ytyylhoe" hiimsolt iinder
1h4g1,i tid li abilities, of whieh,
qpano,e -lievediun,11self except
"orA-agatioriof the terms of the
win pgeatl then only by repndia.
tiingha) 4 Dinpact -itserf. Ail .that Cai
b a~lfully ddn o.by a State, a Con
ttdio'int uadof but there are it
ftinaWiber of' thing which a State
difWat' ldt Id is'51h remains
; e dIdof thue Uniuth. No State
:' e ic ; einit bills of
Sly~rp uate anythmg: but. ol and
ENYR~eoyheelityinpayment o
stitittiow,and see how many t.sabili
tieb arAh yo's'ed .upon; a State, of
w1111hiT it chnnot - exonerate' itself
6eeipt if 'Seedssion. The tenth
A ihtiwoit to the Constitution reads
"The powgers n lelegated to the
guIised tates . by 'the Congsitation
'ior1dthiited - by i:itto ths~ States,
I.- -1'IbeVudd the -States .respeci
1~t ik w~rs 'expreissively dele.
Nftp 1& tIh"U'nited States, or
E Ahd"States, ' he of
if ervr d eitlier to tihe
sig-Mgtpeoplo of th
efgrupavntio is :'not; greater
.TNow theolloficese of Senator and
Refrese,:tative ixre oren ted by thu
8tantii~tion a ftiid " United -States,
MN i of T Legislature o
clue t eone, dl that off
t..other cotn
eg thmmeconlstitution.'i:hie
great~d te~offieersenor,:conferred
theigh*t- to electsathtm;: and-'hti
(11 hoVgivoe it 'ednat . talke awvay.
hItli~L sIktnre holda 'its right to
digopMafdinhdenntntlf ' (If the
efg$l1Q~ohl thei righit u~ ee
p it: sindiLpendlently, of
ves 3,1IaYin awl1 of ~lio Legisla
hod wem~e the Legislatuire
9hoghb' of sits own-f necord, dleCline
tI'0sOSntors, oa if theL peoplI
e J V~ird'd yytight of coi.
fe . Jit inl case
ction9 'k ns, shioul u'deuit ILt
deprive. tli people of the imeans vol
electiligy I preetitivefV Gutigra
pyer egwesOiwc g 4y_, y
Gus~tituong , propeggq Lu. .pg,iglv
newsatt ectiou latis, .'ad. by
virtue: 6t0' theoseolad alItandifuho
pe opldmiglit,-akiafdllyd eeetal I tire
##te dttitst lhctual thet
alleuli'bmbtitd.'i e cntquence
w'iid bed thit thltillic.d oFRteWi:0u.
i:Kf 'i, ai hoso opp,1
sUpposOtin.. t qe 1ate,ua uido
t~l 5 Id of hI tjitlimo It ~youIJ(
nlot helptho ineattr, tbat the, *Legip,
la ure shouellhave acted .under and
injunctibn fron -Convention..- Teh'C
urditnafTe- of 1Con Ven tion, oujoi-niig
the act,-woub Ibe -6f"6 highicy
auttority thiin -iliClOnstigulion, of
t L tate. r i hne
of ~ConVct4iin, in 1lio0y, a.partif
the(.Stw~te fon tiuti 'I -1 , th
(onstitutiun .of . the .,United Stuaee
exresslyTdleclares, that all la ws naok
in lAirunnleo thiereof, shiall be the
"the Julges int'eY Stat'shmAll 'be
boup4 thershi, a T1y tiiiig in , the
Opifu6i or.avs of aly Stite. to,
thaeiputz:a,:y, notwta s a-1ding' lhus
it will be sco, that lepresentativcs
elected under the circunstances de.
so-ibed;, by .a handfhl of - people,r in
some'corner (-f tie-State, would have
to'be*g.nrded as lawful Representa
tics not t nly by tic United States
auphoritieq, but by tld . judielM
ti buai sof tela itsel. ud
should tile Leislature, in obedience
to: an - ii uitioun from Convention,
declare it an ouffce to paiticipate in
such elections, .the -State Courts
would be bouind by caths of oilice;.to
:declaro~the cact or the' Legislafa~re
.unconlstitutioli --and void. There
wouldl be G af "ti e6onerating the
3 14
est
U 1Its , nu s the
Corveni ing ?Judicially
upont he Cuu.stitutiun of the United
3':ates, shocldlstleniily declat#, that
th State had- lever intended to
grint-to Congress the power to ro
tille for eledir,. Arid' where is
the possibiil' or the desidetability,
thjat a'Convyntiun of the I.cule of
South Caitolina should ever Le
brought to %.uttier so pl.lable a false
hood?
Uu.it it is iedless to say more, with
the view of showing tha1t the Comnven.
tion'aid the Constitution of the State,
lhve imthing.to d> with the matter of
United States Seniators aid Repre
seitautves. . If as I have alreadly
sai1, the peoplo should choose not to
ciect lepresentatives under an act of
Congress frt the pirpose, they would
violate neither the laws or the Con.
stitution, ofr the United States ; but
it 1mu. be b.>i-o in minl, that though
eve person in tho State, excelt
lirty voters should refuse to go to the
polls, these fifty wouhIl be cUIsiICed
as coistituiting the peole, and the
persons olected by them, would be
lawful Representatives. A distin
.uishied R Iepreacenaive from South
Carolina, wins once elected by thirty
vote's, tl.er C being no oppositioni.
Bu1~t ini poinit of expediency, what
odconseuenew~can be poCintedC
out as likely to follow? Not one, I
apprehuend. That portion of the peo
ple, who, fo any reason should
choose to respect the will of' the Con
vention, would beconme disfranichized
as to the eletion of Represenitative~s.
and the eleelion would fall exclusive
ly, into the hands Of those whio would
disr-egard the will of the Conventioni.
Toaprovent.this monstrous injustice,
the j adicial tribunals would be resort
ed to; but I'lhave sh own howv these
h'uthorties wouldl, inevitably, be
placedl in .ggnflietwith, the Conven
tion, and on the side of" those who
should despise its coinmand and love
the- Union. How long would such a
state of' things be tolerated by the
Nrcari it be doubted that public
opihipniin ou sigter States, would
he, unanimous against us. Our frziends
there being, in a great measure, held
responsibletfor onr-acts, would fejel
tha~m wd had, uselessly put upon
th~emn an unr-easonable rdsponsilhity,
andl th~at it stood them in hand, to 1be
f'orermost .to. reprobate an act, whicb
it.would~ be vaini to aittemp1t to defend;
wh~ioTor us Constitutional or as re vo
lutioilary-for'the aet would be not
niiore repugdant 'to the Constitution,
than it woumld be' unwvorthy -of the
sii t of' revohition. The wvorst thming'
that -onld ij~efall us anid- our cause.
w hichf'inthT d ,io f-atb shi ua Se t
ous and .imanly sy m athies' fX i'ln
by'eglren in ~othl e'tres rould b
r1jgudjtqd tligneIelv byv tIe; 'i9hig
horsL" dirwaarohigh ,considdintiqug
of;patriotisra indiat te*maishilo Ob
vIous'tosthe itnitids of al-; -wly 'Our
8tntobahkeuld ribt y vhildden~de
r'ni'Cie'i? Sotidtun sikers. Atid IL t
u'isiut'{- 'ie ak thti ond
aill be Abe lo~d ihto th t wo.ie-e
agig ( tid tip" by '90"-a
9np ,t usg ipt. do juit i, e iiii
ac o ofA'ngs, aos i|nifakq
it i "nifest to the wI,,thnt wa
stained fioni d-iti-g morey tiy'be-t
cause we were 'friid. let- the Stut16
se'd:dOr !not secede;tlo whate4i'ili
touchil p, heir f ~ ii , f hit il
e'sal'efo'the eprgil ftt-tIsiticn!
Ir Anxigus.~hat 4he'mnoiement in tbe,
South -shouldbot -qroie fuitless
olie -Isetdeatd6iedaibrv i buonitin&to
hopt',, that. cit'ddnin't dnes lit osti
fy fib 06nve'tltion n-Tr ou~ir, tr
the other4 Stttic, An t amendyit r
the Uonstihtitijn, ubi as ~hd iggest.'
ed bi'Mr. Cabomi.'Ubn i lat pro
posiiii I know .that. Mi. C-il.oun
locked.to a ;protracted and anile
discussion, iTIVol0ing as it wiould all
the relations:between the-No th and
the Soutth, comprehending every'
fIi' of injustice -and danger from
the Union present and' future, ad
dii-lacing the isidioius folie~ of' oi&
eieills, Which is tha of 1 tunsd
periodical assakutsI 8 ,-i-Iv intiervals,
nore or less extendel of cnjhleiey,
flattery, and -pledges -of plitforis,
election-jubilees aid--:intrgues -with
Southeit arnbition. Tt h the ' Con
volition is I ' ,i
tiofn woid * o ira pro rtune aid 'worse
than useess. Out friends aren ot
sufliciently strong to institute a dis.
Cuion- upon it,. and- it wjuld find in
every State overwhelming majorities
cominittedj, and in many instances,
orgranized and embittered against it.
I know that Mr. Cihlitonn meant to
practice more than ustial caution,
both as to oppor'tiity and as to the
sni cc from which' the proposition
should comc. I cannot h wever, in
a state of things, not. foresecn by
him. asunie to make aflirmations, as
to what his advice would be, but I
have an oliiL n perfectly satisfactory
to inyseltf.
It appears to mae hzat tho course
proper for the Convention is plain.
A m-ere nuinriical majlritv, cannot
consistently with sound policy or the
doctrines of the State, undertake to
secede. The suljremacy of nuneri
cal majority was the oljrct of abhor
enlco and detestation with Mr. Cal
houn. His great work, the. greatest
of works. on gorverinment, is almost
exclusively devoted fo the ex; osure
of the enormity of this idea, and the
maintenance of the proposition, that
upon the opposite idea depends nearly
every thing great or valuable in hu
man society. I1is grand idea is.
that governmiient should. be "that' ofl
the whole and not of' iart."- To that
adjustment of power between the lowv
and up-country in South Carolina,
mnakiing the government in some de
gree one of' concurrent manj"rities, he
ascr-ibed mainly those social peculiar i
ties, nhiebh are, undinialy, the sub
jzect of condemnlation andi eulogy
dhroughuout the Union. T1his pmrini
pie lie would have applied to every,
even the least considerable act of' leg
islation; for mnstance, an act to char
ter a ferry, or incorpiorato a reading
inb; and judge what he would think
of an attempt by a nuimerical imnjority
to sweep from existenice, at a single
blow, a whole system of' governmnti;
to ordain a new order of things, and
to take under its control, a vast and
complicated social question, extend
ing immensely beyond the limits of
the State, and in relation to which
there arc in sister States fifty-nine
times as many peopilo directly and
equally interested,. as there are peir
sons in South Carolina, in favor of'
isolated secession. Why let us see
what process the State has thought
it wise to adopt to make tha smallest
modification of the Stato Constitution.
Two-thirds of the legislature, elected
upon the principle of concurrent ma
jei-imis, aro requiired to vote for the
change. Theli question is then sub
mitted to the pole, and a newv Leg
ielature oee'ted with seial ,ms~ci
to,,thec tigg, ajd ,is ote
new bJ~egs)a ipinSh 41fp)lt;t)
the chainge,,.lkt.4, sL 'LO. noi dwI
onI-..this poin i N :: p g"
* fbe~i CLoitvoeutio~n basf J iiuttI
~veiqi4ingp;~. tidl 0(e4 ig )-iglie
,tre reason 1itgt iggt
.cfe of '10
ions tt haIoneymaid 'in theioili6e'-8ugh.
,em.SttaR.1rhero tileop
~of-resort.tli e tipn,, it . rl. p
plo oh ithSoutlrethen onsthy.de
sepatit raesis~vnee atd iii.ppenog.
9 j1t upon their. o~vn~cppyey c9,
never 1it.thlat li01 tI_ olia is
a iheidit ' ithe o*%M L#t41$
aft aj.9q9- ;xs 9 jugglg'es nd
Ito s ) iy
S(ates stiperiority over oursefres.
.FL theio iintion '' (to k jie
ure; illifido '.hat -teitt1 (nee'd9
t be'die 'anti what dneotheaia
do; it cinnslaoP .tb1) pdopt of'tie
Stftrdy.herocIU1 the', Legislature:' fou'nd;
theuein Nosvember .1:850U1Mrom -te
titeo he.Gonventiniw ~firt call.ed,.
consilering .;the -cixrcuOapes and
te rins of thecall,it wasgifesy t
wifthout some.. new aggrpssion, the
State Iol- be isolatell, 4 6 i.te
Southieriri gh, ty,"Ietiits li
tancy in the othei StiteF iionid b6
repressed-tind saffocatedn ,3 iXut thei
idea sooh suggested: i ..thaV the
Convention uiiglat be 44 !iurestor
ing harmony -to the .86VLi. Ina my
fiist. public gyinuticj. 1 indica.,
ttl this as the, prop 9A g jl h
onvention.., lad i e 7 .
tafe ifsed t
i-everitce ha t ya eL'f6i 'r
cogDnig ', ito the
legal opiinSus of the most ,cminent
men of the State, ling and deid.
Seia cota weiould have. "laid
tie futmidation for -stife and contcri
tion and the reign of faction!fdr
the next: ten years. And in this
conitest, what wvould have been ;! the
predicament of those who, having ad
vised or acquiesced in the -call of the
Conlventioni, shoid have' turned a.
bout to dishonor and stringle it?
What?
There is no danger of the Con.
ventioi doing ant absurd act, viah
such responsibilities resting.upon it.
There never was any danger. When
inl May, 18~>1, both parties found .it
aecesiary to disavow "imnmediate
secessioli," it was V.1ain to me' tlat
secessi n was dead. This was the
true; the oily reliable test. The
propositin of ifuture speculative
secession was fit only to produce a
delusioi. Put off the day as long as
you might, it would have to Come at
last; and w it should come, the
riesti nvuald then beu -immediate
seeession.' A nd those w ho repudia.
ted it in May, 1851, could not reas
onably be expected, after a cooling
iocess of twelvi e nithas, to be ii
favor (if it in May 1852.
In my opinion, the Conventien was
called uder a miisappirceesioni of'
the v'iews and wishes of our friends
in oither States. It was supposed 1y
many concerned, that they desired
us to act Iprompjtly anid decisively.
It was f'eard, thait except we did so,
we should fall behind i-ui fi-iends and
arag themn down. The authors of
this dlelusin bear a weighty reson-.
sibility. But the Legislature hiaving~
instituted action with the confident
expectationi in tho minds of many
that co-oper-atio n would ho secured,
the State nil not suiffer disgrace in
declining to secede without co-oper
ationi, ad against all hope of ainy
suplpIo:t fromi abroad. With pecife'ct
uiiainhnity, andi, as no body doubts,
with the lpeifect good faith, she
marched ump to the lino of resistance:
aiid the responsibility of non-action is
a thousand times nioro with the other
States than with South Carolinas
TIhere is~ no disgrnce ir South Car
olina declining to assu-mne the :ex
elusive control of' a vast qjuestion -in
wvhich fourteeni other much larger
States have an idenitical ad equial
interest with herself. No onedi.
pues that in a legal sense, the in
stit ution of saveiy withiin the $tate,
is local and distinct from *the. eaamo
institution ini any other State,. and
the State ha~s the right to do as she
p ileases, leaving the otlier ,States to
do as they inamt think "urpne. ",1at
'te 'adl st-tesi*inliLe si . ti
tit~uilte douIes 4il 'disruenodtdi
thoisfgf ti 08s rrirZC~erfbW~
i ttiti n at it'tes con dt. ty
pilacedby;t5the Stato:i iidIien, r
1fking~castelecxeepzt-sheffirst loeib er: c
seltf-possssion ,ar~I delf-control; lhsty 11
1and4 abrupt action is naturnt (tom re- t<
040 lp'41io Sta t,1~l~blid . ildApQW
'ri~rutjoi.1,atidt b bet ifrli ';dfl(1
a grgat figcihty otfauling int9,error, b
unibe thentves hae' u gi~eie
to-. f pacity., 1 oia agi .ea ithI
his; -comsatiton, tepublicar ould
beeaaife" without it the~y iwotid not
IS
;1iNE ndirect itcrU it ih the
a e , i 6t ter'reitr- 1
rh8lddl nt if 'aca-dishte f jA re- i
o9fk pr alate oLtz U n,' &I)ose f.nA1FleB P
ari~J. c t.III q1pj.gi. t'01,
Ir r itld ihse of o . Yt
er uly,, -9rfiend,
-L A. W,00DW'ARDAn e
SL. .. I rKLEY 1E .- a
.4 int 11i or th Luaw. u
TL1B Houe Ifdprsentihtiveaas
U-.,
ty, . millionci of dArq As Cthil.
Whegn a - eao'f -ea&do, andrst ConeCis
was oneofther most patriotid tlhat, ver
mot;, and: the' Union:wag sated tv a
union' rf the patriots of both part1ic,
atier th- -niost copious .profession of
principlesi.that evtr occurred, it .was
not clearly understool how- it fitppenh
ed "that, sio -hmiih money:was rdquired.
But. perhaps, a matter uLi te or- ten
t.y millions, more or less, wats too tri
fling to engage the -attention of the
great statesmen that ivore saving the.
Union. But now, when re-union -. o T
parties is the order of. the daly, II
and President-making engrosses the m
thoughts of anxiois patriots, Mr. Pre. "
sident. -Fillmore comes, and like Oliver ti
Twist, holds lout his empty soup bowl I"
and demauds of the horror ttruck tl
treasury-guardians, nearly three mil- 0
lions m11ore for the current year. J ust t2
as we were discussing the policy of tl
intervention in the aliirs of Europe, ti'
ofdefeidiiig the frontiers of Iltingary fi
agaiist the- Russians, and -of Italy, ei
Switzerland, Belgium, and :perhaps, e
Eigltnd, against Louis Napoleon, we
are told that about three millions more
must be voated, or we caniot defenud f
our oWn] fronltiers fr om the Cuiianebes, r
Apaches, aid Navajocs. .
. This is a great and growing country. b
It is rowin territory, -a
lationi, ini pilanthropy, . iii polities, ina
P'residential canididates, anid in-plat-. 0
lorms. Uut it is growting mour rapidly 8'
in deficiency bills. 'lhere. is :a: dell- ir
eiency ini appropriations, .in public. mo- "
rads, in common sense, in lands for the e
liadless, in bread for the idle,.ind a"
de~ficiency of several hundred millions e
of acres of lands- to make railroads all e
over creation, ospecially where- there '3
is-ai deficiey of population and busi- Si
nleis to use thenm after they are built. h
There is a deiciency .of a - hundred tl
thousrand federal oflices for the frienads e
of all the candidates. There will be n
a1 serious deficioney.. inae votes for h'
nearly ad of themi in the national con- tJ
vent-ions, and we would not- be sur
prised-if there were a deficiency of votes b
for the nominees of each oft the .two g
parties. . - I
There has been- no deficiency- of prFo- a
feasions, however, by this adinistrai- d
Lion of its devot ion to- the faithfl exe
ention of thie-aw-but alas it turns out
that th<-reibas been a grent deficieney
in its p'Iuitiec. The appirop~riation)s of a
publicainoney have been miadehy Con. ri
greds.- And-it. has been thought esential '
thetr the control oft the - public purse (i
should belong to the rep~res4entativosof i
thu State and'-people. Acting under ts
notioni the Inst Corngress appropriated i
somnefifty odd millions of' ddhlams, for C
one4 year, and specifiedl the piirposes to s
whlich it was-to be-nr plied. ut ,nowv 1
come;C thi Presidet, anid says, thait in ~i
the ewer-ise of his high dieerdtion'br 11
pi'ei-ogaive, lit 4Onlueldl to rjpend it t
all lin riino tutit s, and nokw de-naiids 't
imrinetdiaitely s(,ndC thre6S millonk lnre, '1
or. ho will ananim thao de.ti "4 rh
I
~Ifi'dUl
ilk II
pmc~
Theoigcsi~ibe
%a1~th~ 0
have wce.6
kIv'dA
44h .4 WmIsa
.0 a i -.'
VVa~vI
'the3~ rndst-rl
~f
...........bit#fd Il
pt i~g fldfb
t* f oihi i q4
ONO. fhei'1&i I hWA '
i Af r-AI (bzro jh1atI
ttud oribeI t o
wd~ eaLJ fb~l~ii.~
nitc~'aa ~~ sd r~f~inp
XT~t t IaifltLiI%, - J
AV o 2 I RU$) pxid os ?P -
c; fpatult 't th 4-ij1 a H 0bobr,1I~J
I~ 4tqo- Alykit
p. sl lepn! ~r 11m
Lterglinoy, lutinu~q~
11ip~f thuL- mau.
!'Tueqi -~nic f4 81)h a tmcs
+kes th imrepin-thtIftr -Mg
"Ge lit~ie sr ~tila irr
a1-t.s or the cng4ltM~ pIng
ThLori Cal we 1 j are u dot rnsi~
mrfthe people, .hy iIh
rOni~ 01:Add I,,ti e'i1ilyiil sA' sle
Mnea O.' n tio er jwj:~ ~y
Imthe penencyor"f% Conrst ft.~
akes~d to he 'piton tixdtA'r denftt
ins arte besComii rathr tob thew,
tte ome e ruiireindy.t fppthnssfi~
rinc g cto ivi.ts~h;xet
li~ iiIifl 't', e ar3n tire- corriytlv
hipr of lthe peoe.. have,'eybil
toatendton a es conply 't ...Exu Iv
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