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- -- -1 j- il7ti7 I,_ _ __ _ _ _ DEOTED TO SOUTHERN RIGITS, DEMOCRACY, NEWS, LITERATURE SCIENCE AN) THE ARTS i v .1.1 NCI.3 Proprietor. - eS U Ml T E Rt V I L LE,. S.o.,NOVE E R2,18. C:ouI:ESIoNDENCE. MAcoN, Ga., Nov. 1. 1851. h C. G. Baylor, 1sq.--- .tcar Sir : I t have the honor to cncluso the follow- s 4g Resolution, passed by the Gei- 1 eral Convention of Cotton Planters, 1 held at this place, requesting a copy of your address, that it may be pub Belled with the proceedings of the Uonvention. Very Respectfully, Your ob't serv't, WM. P. GOULI), See'ry. RESOLUTION. t 1 esolveLd, That the thanks of the Convention are tendered to Mr. aylor, for his proposition of direct intercourse with the continental Eu rope, and the able and. lueid exposi 'tion made by him to this Convention, and that lie be requested to furnish 0 a copy for publication." MACON, Ga., Nov. 4, 1851. Wm. P. Gould, Esq., Sec. Con. 6,Yr: I herewith transmit you a copy of my remarks upon the Con mercial Policy of the South,, in ac cordance with the undeserved) and flattering RLeol ution of you: Con e n tion. Regretting my inability to do justice to this grent subject, 'but sill cerely hoping that the little 1 have said .may be of some benefit to the -. South in relation to her real, true, and substantial interests. I have the hondr to be, Very r >ectfully, . G. 1AYLOR. SPEECH SG'. Bai.lor, Eij.. U. S. Con. eul at Aisterdam, le/iercd l,y request of the " Conv'entin .f (Autton I'lauter," held at .laeon, Ga., Oct. 27, 1851. Mr. President :-I appreciate the distinguished honor thus conferred upon me. Nothing, Mr. President, I -but'the conviction that every eflort t - in our cause, from however hunbe a t source it may eminate, may prove of c value, could induce me to appear be. fore an audience such as this, conisist- ] ing of the talent, digitv, and wealth of-the South. But sir,~it is an occa sion of intense interest to the South; an occasion,- having for its objects the promotion of the great Commer vial, Agricultural, and Manufactur-. lng interests of these Southern States. The masterly exposition from t the lion. gentleman from Florida, t has loft nothing for debate upon those subjocts he has treated, My pro. 'inceis not to act in this branch ex cept in assisting its practical opera. Lion. I am here for action. Delay has been our great folly. Procras. tination is the thief of opportunity as well as time. For this reason, sir, I wish to introduce into our delibera tions the elements of plain matter of fact business; action founded upon the Resolution of "IDirect Trade," yvhich I have read to the Convention, and which should be made a part of its proceeding~s. *I hold the proposition, that Comn inprce is the great basis of National prosperity and wealth. It is upon Commerce that every other interest miust rely for development and ox. 'pansion. The history of the world .proves this. Direct communication is tho proper and correct principle to 17i followed in all Commercial ar inoments. " Direct Trade " is the great interest to be promoted in the- South. In other words, we should " export " direct the v-aried produce and manufacturers of the aouth to those nations consuming them, and "import " direct those articlos of foreign p reduce or manu facture consumed by us. It there fore, becormes- the duty of' this Con. vention, replesenting as it does the Ctton interest, which is the founda. tion and life, not only of. our Comi morce, but of the world to foster and p remote the best mode of carrying on that Conmhierce. There has been submitted to this Convention, several plans bearing upon-the question of 'over produc. tion,' 'coisnmtion,' 'regulamtion of prices,' 'organization of planters,' and other topics of peculiar interest to thme Planters, solely in regard to the .pc of Cotton. These are sub jects too wveighty fo'r me to paresume uponnTilhat bitnh of our. proceed ing~i belongs to abler heads, and as J hare ke~inrkI, lhas bee~i n ms: fullv-, Limply, and clearly investigated, illus :rated, and enforced by the friends f the different projects. But I old, in the language of my Resolu ions sir. 'that Commerce, as a neces. ary principle, must enter into and iecome a part of any plan which has een presented for the consideration f this Convention, and 'Direct trade' the p:roper medium through vhich it should flow.' For instance, n relation to the plan of the gentle. nan from Florida, (Judge 1Browie) ni which is admitted by all to be nost inlependent of Commercial in hience. Stinpese that the crganiza. ion desired in his masterly report is onnpleted; the Cotton of the United tntes concentrated in one company. lnd the ware.honss openCl to the orbi. New York, Boston, and ngland come in anld procure their 11ur-lies. BY the admirable system f their Comniercial and Financial rrangemeits, they import direct the 30tton they purchase. And they ill do it to'o. For allow me to say, hat England would not be guilty of he folly of shipping her (ot ton via few York or 1)ostonl; nor the North ia Liverpool. As much as they rench now tiat such a systein is the >est, they will never be found swal owing the pill they have drugged u rith for the last 30 ycars. 'Tliese idders are disposed of. But what Cecomes of the continental market, rith which we now have no direct iitertotirso? What 1becones of the mall manufactories on the cotitinent? hnt becomes I f the jrincipple that ye must- erttW'~ our marikets in'1 !onsumption to .:eep pace with iour -rndu' ion raplidly and yearly ini clasini:. There is sir, no direct tioImluniC:atioIi with these ilportait uterest: no c" rrespoitlents; no agents stal iished; no credits opened; iol nedita of Exebange through which 0 t ranisfer the necessary nniuled fIa 'ilities to our shres to enable then o compete with the North and E. ig :1h1d! iut we w ill sup ose that hese difliculties are overcone: that bey have miller these unequal eir lntnstaices ohtained their supplies. Xhat are they to do with them?: low are they to convey them to heir manufactories? Either by di 'ect transportat ion, or circuitously r w..w. ay that we have no 'D)i. eet Trade,' and that they are comi ielled to chip via the North or Liver 1001, what is the consequence? TIe niditional expenses of this unnatural radie, enables England to under sell hem at their own doors; for the more tl condcise Cotton, the less expel ive its transportation becomes, and' ;reatcr in ratio its value. The ,earer its place of pirotluctitin, tlie nore beneficial the principle; and .he day will come sir, when its iant 'acture in the first stage will be ex :lusivo confined to its place :.f ;rowth. The effect then of such an irrangeluent alluded to, would be to >arlize the mnanufactories onl the' :onltinent, and check conisumptionj iow rapidly extending, evena uinder iresent dilliculties. 'These difhtienh .is should be rcemoved, and no fur her trammels allowed. TIhae result >f such an o rgl aization withiout the p)rinlciples of -Direct TJ.rade,' w~ouhld e to strengthen the mo1nopoi~ly of Liverpool, atnd rivet upon01 us her grasintg CouIrnercial power. Four, i you concentrate thme Cotton crop1 of the South, and put a fixed pr'ice up-. m1 it, it blecomes a trant ferre' ,,,w* pla m1only fovr siae, ail E~nglantd through her RIotheblilds, or New York with her Astors, or both :omnbined , can comec iln andi buy it 'lp. I as5k, Mr. President, if the ivhlole Cotton crop of the South n as huls Concent rated, and thlus h ou;:ht Ip by the North antd Enagland, (aid syiche couild lie (lone with aill thle yase iln the world) where would the Cotton 'Power(!1' lie lodged? Imi vhase hanlds sir? Woutld not the righlt of exclusive piropiert y andl cona W;ol, be transferredl to them? Anmd, f' we, because of the inittitsie valuei >f Cot ton could get our Jprice, could lot New York follow~ ina our traclks uid get her price? Most assutrely. [f I were wealh enIVCioughl, I would lot dlesire a bletter speculation, for the wvorldl must haive Cotton, andli if you were to senid iL after Sir John1 V'ranklinu, the English wouldl send Ifter it. It haus becomle anl absolute tccessity, whlichi must be had or done I way with; our1 Cotton and our labor tnust bo eqaually distributed. No. mo~lies are anoanto al itnt:. eats, and to themiselves. WVe want competition, anti new markets will btigi it. To (1o that you must have L'im:,ierce'; andi to carry on that Commce to tihe best advanage, vou must ihave 'Direct T1rade.' Does any intelligenlt genleman in this Coniventioni desire such results? Viewv it as you pleasec, Commerce, legitlutiate, eqlual, and fail. Commerce must outer into any pIlan you may agree upon, and 'Direct 'Pru'1 rust as a necessary C('IISt)(,nIc1IL he its prioiper chiannel. Youl 1111t 1,romnote 'Dir'ect TIradet,' estaidwiih your own Commerce, anid getitletiieii in their 11 isdomn 11ill liiai it must be dune. But there' are other wveighlty con si.lkrati',ois invoilved. Whlat are we to (L t1 itla ouri lRie, Tob~acco, bunti. aii t ci arse (7't tt(A I Va itri(es ? Aret tI("esc iuatelusts to li t) ej.ieteti? Dou theyv It'l titteZ ilt'o this slliject large. iv:'- Ma1rk: tllV w'rds, sir; in a few v( am Niagland1 will ihave in this State uel (eior.gia a p' wet tl ival in hecr .Anti .i / i'or the r~asons I have ('tta-s'uu:e8 this shlapet, the iurei tihe (eary fimltllalilturcl" tliig alble to tider s ~eill t(t' who arc f1i r remioved. Call we I1i1: ililet ire Cut ttit XYam ns?~ Mr. PI-tisditt I ihave this (lay ex* Ilii 1 IIL'4 I t~I'sai I1) s of ti s bra hell of ii~ti(lt, x111) I :1111 C, zvii,ced that i m..lndin heconltinlental miarke. ire-lell, an~d 11 avr'e. (Jeorgiia, Vir ginia, Southl ('anl'Oia anid Florid(' Clii at eICt (IICr1 11irtaIiC trade( ill wcti t'eii, at t; ato sect~ln I omil V to Co.t ton' itself'. i3* it is the lijiV ol' these t' tc& to CS I) i;sr :dill~ lrutAicd tiis J'j re t '! .1i: ,' fur i et'.re miitl e ats IIICv V ''ei~i he i:1 ti:e field (tli see th (I:" 11.1 , i 1 Ii ok for'eta vdi to aL ~iuni""mi tm il,j It. Is this imletrest to be fie leI'tl by t11is ('"'ll1elltil*1 t"1 Shie aitl I iil arc Cmr.''~e'k l ith tilt liI&CS t i llt ill th.ee 11(l11d for a:L t~ slil o~ f w 1 :iI H :311 t!~i.~ intere st l'e lit etetd. No sir, 11~ e I1imst 1lu nlltCtt th , aell . ii . r theyI go Landall 1 of theIt ill iii1 'e'u'l ! reive an ~ it:: Ceeati II a (: a,1laCre the.. rich~est andt Il-St p.,wel nlI i a tile 1v(, 'ii' . I to ill tile C'OIiUICl'(l ICCrI-tataol l ti1c tel il, but 'p, i1 l111 as bA-iia ill tilme handelsofth people ICCII! 11 s. IiiJiiC Ill Cinelelt sIill te lt.l t. A*in l la V pr.I 'Iull ( X a elt t is tile t :illii 11110l aill iS (,1' uIIeiellZiel ::ui gives lter lati lt~ill it1i" th~e 'e. i 1 lottedi, ani assembly u'itli ianr1row views, 01' coifl~osed( of' Ill i"gnoranlt of' their pow~er. I" do not bl)ieve their deteirinationis are to be as all idiot's tale I Ihonestly belive the f6mun'.tiii is bc ing laid of' the granidest cozii~ei ciail revolutioni the cage, Ayc, that the woalil Ihas ever witnaessed. But sir, to nconjihish this~ mighty work, we miust nrot be daz~zled byV the sBjknudor of its results and fur' tha~t reason dcciii iiisigiiificaiit th~e means to be used. Urcit re. iilts freqjuently, iui'igirate in small causes. We mulst grasilp the menus now UQ iliii our Iow.y r! If we cannot 'start two sl~i; s sen~d oiw-it' we cannyt send :t thou ?:hill bales oif cot tomn, send t(1i. mIa:k a begiunning. 1~ifI; retluiz'es Iaertisru alure than the battle field. WeL mu11st have tie ene rgy of pa Wjf(* \e nilust Won.. W\e m~ust labor oL 1sCIvi's I and jl~lili itt' it ini ithll's, It is ai dIi vin il:i~tlltioii. No nulit., no state, nol cuntrv ii; prospierous without it. Time sweat that falls f'rom the br~ow o' h1omiest lul is die "rails' ble:'scil liv I Ieav en, whichi Fem'aliLLs and enrich~es the la iii. Bu h onmattio hsece must be also laid. As I said lIetire, let Its use the 11ieaitls h OW wihi 'r10W l' ~ lshmag at the 3;1111C tillie oIthier ltL'restb'. our hiiJ~plluin mterest must be jlomlbteuI. We have all tie elenit3. We have mien of iui'lstry ari iteligenice. Whly sit~; it' I and not mlismin uz med :he iiivdel oif the 'Amric Ia'. thme 'achit w~hich has scruIt ed John L~ull W.iLI wt~ aeseas .he: il u k ofit wet~~n7- t _Lt _ now org miaterii.ls to the :\ or dh to conic Ani cal ,"y our prclduee ut a y I ro'litus and at1 j ust such ireu ii hts u~ ii" b e micst lie asa lt to tl~t "t . 1:tl~.i oult of car tc > , ":. u ,ito Wh\Iiy not bjuildI our' to~ t, s il s--lca V are* hI aliters." hat is ;a; 1 I.,. t idle asks ~ oil to take ! Ui WC t l it w toill.1 be Ito dk...,rte, I t: e~ it, sL'SjCI a Ii after' the i ;sii t: ll L viii 111C vo Peter the U~r at of' :. .1.1 r ise C'ottoni nu let SCviell have a taste fur* 1tie lac :.. icaiel arts buildi shit :, amil let those w 1u :mI flfild of the sea U::v 1'1 ':te mh.' 1.It CC'lI L'c'7 'H : ili ha, i:5 U S l's but vim shc'uid clic,. iii a- t hemn all If1 they c' i all c;rr viii' eitt'ml ~i goods as chte: t, ' te:.th m K iamiele. l\itl 11111e ("11 t~:i sj ce!itl Mrl. 1'residie ut, a lj hue11 It, a:v, tht it wtouldl be iCtI t _, ti:' ,t¨u if her21 \,u1_~ iich wert' t::hil oa t the 'I car iiel '~roiessi. ia' (?) a i ld iall l ' lil1l C eik'etiV i. I sh. cuill like t~ S UL' ii.rcti ii igswli: 1ic C - 1:11:)t iid 'co e1 yearly in the way of freights, wI does not see the counnexion with hir: self? But even admit that these weight (and as I believe conclusive) rea uns fail to convince, how are we get our 'imiiports' Shall m still pay tribute to the North ft English goods- to both for continel tal imerchandize. We must 'inp~or as Well as 'export.' sir, we mu have 'direct trade,' it, must be ! is fully to hesitate and debate aboi that whieb is incvitable. Pass the. resolutions, give the weight and a thority of this convention to the ant the friends of the 'direct trad w ill i roduce results, conclusive an satisfaictory to the most p'rejudicc mind. Admitting therefore, the iimpo tanen of "Direct Trade," and tl neessity of its immediate establis' Imient, I conic to the consideration i the n aIlL operandi, the means I establishing it. 'this is a Conventic of Cotton Planters. True it is, yc are not commercial mien, but ye have a mighty trust confided to yoi Mighty interests are now, and hIas been within the power of your eo trol. How have these interests bec promoted ? Does the h.story of ti past, justify your further indiflereni and inaction ? The Cotton Plante must act. You must take ihe afir ativce on this questtiin. The humblh and weaker portion of your fello citizens and neighburs, are looking i you for action. You have been a pealed to as the lust hope, for 1 to you, that the whole bouthtern se board, from the Rio Grande to tl Chesapeake, is cormpletely in til hands of New York and Engli; Agenta agents whose most vital i terests are mlv ed-hi tidR!iu u 'The issue is betnccni them and ti friends of ")irect Trade," the fir step to the cou'uerciai independen of the Soulthl. Will y ou sustain is Wie walit yourl individluatl andi unitt suplur;, shall we have it ' 1 caks; of Direct Trael," is in yo hands, as Cottvn must be the bas of anly coauereial Imovement in ti outh. Mlr. PrAsident, I hope vi will bear With mue, until I can getti o'jilpiuni of this C n venti i, upon little sub ject of moral honesty, upt which I difier with some of the Samue agents. It is, whether a tor can buy atml sell ct ttn, and Conieiuience haVe arrayed this intl enee azain st iny "Direct Trade" p, jet. As these astute agents ahva bring "1 un:ds," A. B. C. bays fri Z. & 1' , tw hdraws on 1). R.'V. & t e., an other equally invstiaii su jects, 1 w ill place the thinig si: p ef're yul as it is. Ir. John 1, estbishes hiinelf in mn; of yonr se Iorts, aal address you as follows (Place and late.] "I )ear Sir : I have opened a Co iioni II 'us.- in this city, and tal the liberty of torw ar.ling herewit myI' cnicubir. If youi will confi :Sr tereshal to my hands, hie a sme thy sallbeadvanced evel "Ver respectfudly, &c. J. D)OE."' You send hiiin youri Cot toln. I then addresses the following, to b uyer: [Samie place nad date.] ".\ly D ear Sir :Enclosed plea linid iy cireuhu , ais I am perfect fnliari~i nithi the ma rke't, any aide he tilled to the best advantaige. Very truly, .J. DO(.E." Now genth-ei,what is youri leavec thet .lbject to youri medaitatio Thie thing is hei' 'g one conistaitll I have takeni the gri'iril thiat thei nx as~ soieth.ing 'rittent in eiiiarl, au l informned tone oh the'se houses thi an e~lpressioni of (l.iion)R on tfS hi d eatte subjiet. (at he iniily teru it,) shouhd be hadl. I will ask, ' you aIpprove of this miode of to. ducting your bustiniess."' I am gh~ to see bly your hlea rty responseRI, thI you do nit. I w ishi n ith all miy heni at somn e of the believeris in this (dt trinie coubjl hear it. 1 hli o the wi'l.ticl it, andi that severelv. it , NI r. P'residlenit, I mneet wil opsitIin'R froml othier~ quartters alJs TIhe best a rgumeneit af'ter all, is e Iperiece'. There .is enough tor L'omm~fend t'direct traduh' at lea1st entitle it to am trial. For thait pu LI)e 1 propos in 1my m resol ut ion t h to each Planter send a small portion of a- his crop, say one tenth or twentieth or more or less as may be most con y venient to him, andi consign it to s- Messrs. IIartsen & Brother, Amster o dam, Rolland, through their different -e ports. By this means, a few car >r goes from each port can start, and it [i- will lay the foundation for future,con t' signments, if the account of sales at prove satisfactory. It also creates It an assorted market, as the Cotton it will by this arrangement come from te every section of the country. The a- results being brought to the attention if of many different Planters will de ' n,onstrate clearly, if 'Direct Trade' d be feasible or not. These vessels will d return with assorted cargoes for Southern consumption, and if the r goods are as cheap or cheaper, (as e we contend they will be) than New i- York supplies, we ask a preference 4f for them. I would recoinm'end to A those Phinters wanting, stores, cof n fee, negro blankets and other arti u cles to forward their orders. They u will got these things tit original im: i. port prices. I have formed hoases e in Richmond, Charleston, Savannah - and Mlobile, who are engaged in this n 'Direct Trade' business. They have ie the means of advancing liberally for e these small consignments. and with rs less freights and charges, guarantee n. ing Liverpool quotations. What more r is wanted ? The Planter can ship w through these Houses, or. instruct o his usual commission Merchant to p. send so many bales to Amsterdam. Il The issue is now fairly made for the a. first time in the South for 'Direct e Trade' or 'non-action.' Ships will e leave these diffcrent ports regularly, h it' they sail empty. The thing elea 1. have a fair trial. I appeal to ever v tar in hearingasf my rvoice, 'will te you load them l' Say -'Th ams t thing at home and make your' neigh, e bots act with you; and 'Direct Trade' ? nill be established. Your 'Direct d Trade' houses now formed or being e formed in the South, ask your sup. i port. Will yiu give it? Will you is pass these resolutions calling upon e every planter to give his mite 7 ,a Getleen I am much obliged for ie your answer, but, let there be some thing more than words. Let the 0, thing be done. It 'Direct Trade' 3e canilut sustain itself, it deserves to c. fall. if it can be sustained, it should inl be encouraged. Mr. President, I do not consider this altogether a matter of dollars and cents for the present. You want a new and large market for the continent. You want a continental lv depot, which will relieve Liverpool e, .that yearly surplus, which is so itajurious to the price of cotton. Pray, Mr. President, what is that Liverpool surplus? Wyv, sir, it is that portion of the Cotton crop sent to Li-:erpool, which England cannot consume. Because, it she could h1, onistme it she would, and if she did, L it is very clear there would be no ::sur/,lus." Th'efac't sir, that there is -'a surpalus, prov'es that we send Eng. land more cotton thtan she wants. The dhng is as clear as day. Why, Sir Charles Wood. Secretary to the e Enlish Treasury, the most stupid a muan ( Punch says) of his day, could see this, though lie was rather mxuddy ini his ideas about the 'last surplus' se of the English Government. This y siuri lus (nxot Sir Charles Wood's, the rs cot ton suirplus, t'ie wet blanket Liv. i e rpool surp~ lusi) should not he. Let us buil up a conitineuntal D~epot and relieve Liverp;ol of this surplus. Why, sir', she~ is nZoU' shipping cottonI n.- to the continlenit. Why it is shamnes ae l'ul ! If' the ailhirs ot the cotton plan. 1 ters are mnaiged in this wy, the o . SOdiner they taike them in their own v . hiandos the bette:'. The creating of' ,' cdtmsumpn~tion, are things of, v'ast im. alt Ipoirtan ce to the Iplaniter, anI d shiould li lhe enceourage'd by him. Sir, if Eng -d h~umd and New Yorkhad all the mio 10 ntiedl facilities ini the world, I hold, it n- woul he the di y and interest of the dn Photer to engage in these kind of it enterprises himsiielf. la hie too inidifa t, foret? lias lhe no)t intelligence e- enou:gh to understand these things? y B~esidles there ares other considea tions. TIhe South has a groat deal bi at stake, haised upon the judicious o. management of' her cotton interest. x- TheI national ,policy of England, is at e- war with out' institutions; Her -di to plloma~tic p~olicy hats laing been knowri r- to the wtorld. IJer ~crciql rt j odiy on t' b gre1'gt puestion p l4 ry , as c r ried op t i nn } C 7? Z 4 jystem, ts y'ettuy' p o us., tif So;ttherna gentlenmen, 1 this tbing.of cointierce, wvorth'.of-their conuideration. are mistaken, .I. will simpl ysek bd question; whether the Egn" ih N suls-ate not inrstructed; tU grgnt loans upon Slave P.ropcrty to the wisO is sufficient. ' Our.revolutionary.fatherse.aq ated the danger of leing lu1lcd sleep until we are bound .handU foot.- Patrick Henry compared benevolence to the feeling th i had for the lamb. Ixperiendo, i sustained him. I repea ir,t4 is the duty of the Planters ,o d South to forward this ineasure bl dividual enterprise and if the oii ps of 'Direct Trado': werd ..unal2( make advances, that this cempeti' market, this 'Direct Trade,' sho be sustained by - shipments' ii d' A advances. The amount frini ''LL Planter is small and he eor affWik I am glad however that wo aed M reduced yet to this. necessity. s vances can and will. be made. "ut an united effort must be made by tJj Planters. If they do. not the tijd will come when they: shall .be.pt *era less. The Iron arms of New Yok are embracing. ybu on etery side: Already she has grasped.youreals' tiful Ohio, your magnificent'-d id? of Waters. She even cor tewsygd shipping cotton from Notch i d d Memphig via the Lakes to LiveI cheaper than by New Orleans tell you we must :arouse onrsi1v,. The time has arrived for actioun We must bend. to i iidividually are engaged in aComnercial rdvoI' tion- with the same graspiu , tite, and Tyranical power' ' a [ourforefat.w,,fought: ri bow as then, cover out sea: (cotton) guards ton as then, a tioned in every hcuse. Sba a t lulled by the delusive voice f until they bind,.us hand .and fob Sir, 'our chains are forged an . th s clanking may be heard upon. plains of Boston' 'why stand wehei idle ?' Sir, there is a striking sii larity between that assembly he.*n an outragod and wronged people arob themselves to throw off the .politl yoke of English Tyranny an4 Convention of a people , assailed, and vilified by thos ..tey are litterally feeding. Our Fathers cast off the political, let us cast O' the commercial yoke. The s" to is the same, save, that our cremiy as a powerful ally on our own nhoresa at our very firesides. Are .we i to those considerations ?. iqr tj ra our rights are within our o. if we use the means 'that r"tuii di nature's God has given us' ta Ot#ct them. Not in the. chasing 10, s but in laving hold, of the substaian Let us have commerceourownCom ne ce--our own ships and atearmers. Let us have commercial indpd1 ece. t/dsa is the true ind onlyremedy~ for the ills we complain of. Atlfo oursehes'~'. Organir~e, comb$ri.a Promote _your man nfactures en comerc:, our ow~n schioolg 3'oor shippirig, laiboue niad agrdculttie. You have th e mednus of b~rig a mos inidepoendent, powerful*~r, hpypeople in the. worla.a s themn. Mr. Presidents I. contenrd hs6 either Baltimore,' Norfolk, Charles' ton, Savanmnah,'or. Mobile, hare' supe' rior natural adeantages: uvei' New. York for thn corerce of the Sotit South-west the' interier iei~i North-west of the Umnited' St1s. The doctrine of the Gbiapcedli paeriority of New'York for thisire - is at falacy. It is one or thnbm og of the dary. When our rail road ys. temn (Maryland, Virginia~ North Carolina, Georgia, anid Alabamna# penetrating them Ohio- riter and the Mississippi V'alloy is oortrplated which :will in a few years) e~e ing with oma' Southert 'Pette, dw York will (ind thint ,this positior(is h correct, one. Tfho' North W'cideil~t West noiv labor under'rt'ad2Nol tied, froni the fact t~ tiode outlet for their producQ la .tr S4p 63 months out of tho year. This ric and ualuable tradie jspecilitatc4l on New York .fron.'these res have talked with persons 'ona (hI point, and they would ludzptefor an outlet ahteys- open st i asssab( if they coulhd get it. I wilkiet a of t)ie di(erne v Ned o 4 ' '