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(,'i 2 " t ^S , tai t .1:' 1 f;;.y{y &'r !: !fir r S.cY S!J.ur: t i. .l l' , { ,.wj [ t, "! ^ 'L 'li. ,.^ti Q e ,ti" .S ,a. . 4 , "". ^ri' 1. 1, 1^"s .,, '.. s, ' ,t t, Ylt 'R. ..,. -_. w "t. -., ' ' . .) * ' .r r; t, , '"Yi: :f {'^"' PV :i '^ 4i1 '''. 1- - , S t 'Y",1 }3i'aa"'_'.r -.!r:} . ,_4TF: .ji A, oj eqfea Driutriot. , sawn;:-ttis :Stuito,' ed froiA any pubs 'if . ,from re and to . ;! o iy pos i tio sa U a meomber tothe~ouven ,'tlt. ~Ut tij r t11 ~ cho enerally the' duty of a, 4'rom all factious die +rligious: or= political'; )ri ; AwuotIons, wihich qions, =not~to engago t1igontL tiscugssoneA Ver, romains a fcitizeI, urghts nor his duties d~tediis office. He some VW'~od h appearance' of Rprossing l4ti views-on pu~blic tisio8; with frankness 'etwith jthao by pre ervibg u1 Bilonee ,tbh ay be :attributed 'to "timidity-or c t. he mwattOreiiow.debated by P nove= te -very frane of verniet; si 'intbo spirit of l ' r,very. citizen,.in :every opls~bpti -to 'take' the side' of t l 'aaut right:' Some; attemipt has o4 to'dieparago":thontitthority e6 oQnythe, present: issues; but flutic shulddepend U- D~ ste 'ii~th oce ndprbity." .Ththe . he' aes rof "I tir 'ib'sj mayr )iL ; ~dpeiene of t' t'noo to the . t~ e.t in thir aI.ta 'i, brinsl t gin 'their c:3 c Ct~~trLi ~tbationu of *,f tJeice on~ fihelal duty 'tcotint ihg ,,fro~ meo' any .e} yq: 4r.ted m dlioho aC eas <<I'Q? 4un-a .dohk. cra~t, as ,"o f4Iie ":'lr a.est hratr, h at ondt1ior houl 10 Iuttajied ;; ot ia n' f :. arious j t.dbmezits; l a ,bysoe C once zgzt of pre p civd iiotjons, "1 4au make nio pljg. ni 'ommtattinog ,me tQ fore . r o e a oliMo' f~a Aiparticular mean ~~ ~ythst njg cbanges of cir ~ ~0~nd covictions. It is x69"...tjt with the schemes of 'our A~in,destructive of the mndc d ,use ulness of the dale tjnbe toyre jndgoabsolutely any ym;fneathatzi'ay: coma be fO ' ev t o I ,my own gaMcl ~ol too 'little confi $otitnteidiiy-inf'ormation and my rca :.ao toSt av:nn teani Mk i nd sot de Ibe frotnthe Cdii t f i s1t;= n trieth 8?d so ,it r hiin nOti irig t reserved by th x nthAt-.ti olesW the' Amende nts We'looj t oot tittiVOt- assertain the: Sowp5 of: the Federal Goedtiibbt, dot tho:i rghtt of !4ho- Statos.' wholesoheeo of thatlnstrumentais'to Bana erate:the powofs'to-bo-exercised by the 'common agent, noe .to men tion the powers ;of the constituent States. Everything not given by theui is retained: Certain restric tiozisdaeih6sed on the exercise" of powersiby the States while they are in; gthe .Union, lhut no provisions is madeas to the withdrawalcfrom the Union, nor for any nbatter outsido of thoUuion. It is t enough" to demob strate the right in question, that. the Constitution- neither prohibits, nor re strains its exercise.- From a com pact of 'Union among States for an indefinite time, as from a partnership. among individuals for. an uncertain term, any - member. may 'ocede"and resume the station occupied before: the compact was formed. The suf ficiency of the cause for Secession, as this. must be determined by t i seceding State, doos not logically af feet the right, but it may spriously affet the practically consegqencesc of its exercise in any-pa.iticnlar instance. In all acts ouncerning her foreign re lations, a State hioul4 be able to de fend herself b.y good reasons in the forui of. nations. The other States have nq right td coerce a seceding State to return into the Union, un der tiny,: circumstances; yet if the Secession be under eireau, tances of 6dfaith,-as during flagrant war, a plusiblo excuse is fu Wished for hos ti ' ie$ to compel satisfaction for the - thereby resulting. It 'is ,tr citizen retains his right of private judgment and of individual resist anco to the movement; but when she takes.this final step, I feel that I should justly incur the penalties of treason, if I resisted her edict. To avoid all ambiguity, I avow my obligation to obey such action if adopted. by the existing Convention, although the -delegates may have been elected by a minority of the people. of the State. All citizens had the opportunity of voting for delegates, and those who neglected it must -be presumed to acquiesce in the choice made by such as exercised their franchise. It would be very unsafe, to look behind the regular forms in which the. will of the com munity is manifested, in order to as certain the real wishes or "-higher law" of the majority. Subsequent ratification bo the people of such act of the Convention, I regard as neith. cr necessary nor expedient--not ne cessary, for in theory the whole peo ple speak through their delegates - not expedient, on account of its mob ocraty tendency. .With all my respect for the Legis lature I cannot approve the arrange ment by which the members of the Conyention were elected so long be fore their services were needed. Con ventions, thus clothe& with 'he nmajes ty of the people and speaking their sovereign voice, should be fresh from their: constituents when called to act, should be convoked for a definito purpose, and should retain their powers for the shortest convenient term. In the only other instance in this State eince the adoption of her Contiutinwhen this vast macline ry assetinmotion, the end to be achieved andl the mode of operation *vro previouasly well unaderstopd. Bunt theo present Convention was elec ted, before any agreement as to its measures among the people, or eveni any any deliberate consideration of- its purposes. Uhnpute no design l;y this premature efection to eta the unwary, or, to commit the unino formed, btit it may be thaut such re auhe .hayofollowal. Tihe call of the Conivention 1 think may be justitied by the example of Mliss.ssjipi, after the p-kdges to. h er of Co-operation, b'; nut Legislqe, (although the goun',alpintod. fe, her Convention. by isi:ppi,o d n ot imuperitively degge fuc Acall by ourLegisla tus. athe i last rather than the: next s4u on) bu t 1,, itml be 'b ., i t liifdiio tin itdo ' y-' leao, & bi diderit e a s elna . - rt. t '. I fully'd ifu h those wbo hold a that theag ,$. is :of ,te 19dei6al' 'i Goverainent upon the tth'e jstify a adopted'byftfe "Suh ,Y etx an of Dr Tlis onsitutt 6f the United States'sis wiely cdi frived t scolir6 strength t ili , gov o edi btiasat, !ilerty injfho ;'eaploy ^ aundif ib'had'beea trictly onetr jod, '0 and faitiftily. exccutei, tho eopl9 of a1 sectio'us unde.s wat fig h loig'hii didtfain6d iarmoniougnid o happy: But usupation,' dei th e r instigation of amit ifp-d e av - has oenterned and pervorted its pio- ~r visionsiit$ parchment socirities foir b theminority iave proved inefficient; b and. pr ~nically, i mposes'slight s restrictlon, upon the will of the a majority. ' Thus another exaimple t is added to the many in history : of the proclivity of governicents to c despotism. From thbeginiiing un n der the system of indirect taxation, r the filianeial operations of the gov- f erinent has been severO upon the , Southern producing States; end, t when the system of internat improve. t ments, pensions,' and ',ortificatioits l: was . added, the: disbursement of the I taxes 'became as unequal ae:'tho: dol. e loction, and a constant-drain from the i South was esfablished. In rapid T progress, discriminiating duties on im. c posts were imposed, by which the t Constitution was perverted, and the c labor of theoSouth made tributry to N the. mt facturin o -i r. r Il tit lfV -t 1 '"1 " ' F limited to le tnank one-h.fi :f t States, who justly cherish it as the most moral and most efficient organ ization of human labor; while their partners in the I uion regard the sin t of masters, in holding slaves, to be so e heinous as to taint all who are in any < political connection with slaveholders. j This anti-s!av party, already pre. c dominant and rapidly growing, has t excluded the people of the Southern t States fiom common pat ticipation in t the territory of the Union, in the ac- a qiuisition of which they contributed r even an undue proportion of treasure 1 and blood. -The purpose is now i boldly avowed by this party never to a admit into the -Union another State c in which slavery is tolerated, and the t design is indicated, not obscurely, to' c abolish, as soon as practicable, this a institution in- all the States. ''he i adjustment of this controversy by a Congress, impudently called a corm promise, aggravates the wrongs andi indignities otherwise done to thec South. All the measures constitu- 't ting the compromise, were undisguis- c ed concessions to the fanaticism and I injustice of the North, except one, i and that was a barren recognition ofi a Constitutional right. The remedyc practically afforded by the fugitiv'er slave law, is to enable a Southerni master to recapture occasionally a i slave at the North, corrupted into an agent of abolition, at an expenso in money equal to the value of the slavec when lie fled, anid at the risk of v-io- I lence and imprisonment to thet captors. We freemen of the South should not submit to a tyranny so in- f jurious and so degrading. It should c be our unflinching determination to E resist at all hazards. Remnedy' within f the Union is hopeless. We may part i with regret from a confederacy which c has done so good service in the great : work of civilization and free govern- a ment, but it has achieved its end, k and', like other works of nmn may, s yield to the force of events. Tiho t interests of the peolo of this Union I have become so conflicting in the va- 2 rious sections, arnd their feeling to- v wards enoh other so much exacerba ted, that peace as well as expediency i recommend disunion.r Indemnity for the past, so often t mentioned in jingling connection with i security for the fuiture, can scarcelyt beoexpected by the miost sanguine.t Our great business is to establish< proper gugde for our future secumity. I Without dispute we may effe'et thlis I iced tla. resis + p rty of sauranoes that stmrLs 8; it ono btfri n~or, l' o t" Qof~oretr W a o ~11ios iionq "thoso, )i p neut= rio el~ c f eglotcdad o us de 1 des rno. to etor6 d is or 1>q:ines of theM two esfr esta e not vary a oth l6ok to'sechssion fo , Y and oth profess'desire for 6ejiLon; till the names have ed an pplication sufficiently site f'or se. The diversity b ni the arties as to abstract d s not onsiderable, but the di' ntis ore serious as to mop tld ieasures. The secessto act 3rth as- their ultimanit the f'tate shall secedoe ablsol f'ore he existence of the lire n ion -be terminated, wui hey ropose the convention in, led n t spring, wil ai r M1 8 ,8. Tl. ion arty ecline to fix nb if n, eriod for the duration r to be more definite of ime, than that the St .. edo within a reasona risa to put-i"jee t) }i , I4 V' i i" { 1 1 L:%l{Y!+ft it y 1 .. l :ided step, without. dallying with langer, or porin; into consequences. l'his -is rdoro grandiloquent, than noral or rational. Ethieal writers in truct us, that the protlabiiity of euc css is a necessary. element in the ustification of a revolutionary mcas ire. The evangelist advises him hat contemplates tho'building of a ower, first to count the cost, lest fter laying the foundation he be not able to finish it, and thus provoke the nock of beholders; and considers it >lain, that a king going to war and inding his forco inadequate, should end an embassage and desire con litions of peace. I am not ashamed o confess, that we may properly take ounsel of our interest, and our re ources, while choice is left, before ve commit ourselves to an important And uncertain enterprise. Courage lees not consist in insensibility to Langer, but in the resolute discharge f duty, whatever dangers may lie in ho way. One deserves impeachment f his understanding and of his moral >rinciples, rather than praise of his pirit, who thrusts himself wantonly uto perils. The christian who,in quiet bedience of conscience incurs death ather than renounce his faith, is a vorthy myrtyr of the truth; lie who nnecessanily or ostentatiously pr(o 'okes persecution, deserves little ity when lhe suffers. Other States qutally interested with South-Caro na in the institution of slavery and lie tyrannous aggressions upon it, nd not inferior in intelligence and rirness, are not yet satistlkd with ur course of resistance; and we may till reason with them for a time, he ire we throw ourselves under the cheecls of Juggernaut. Our f..rme*r ouatrovorsy with the Federal Govern unt, andi the thogh discussion mnongst us as to thte relations of the ;tates to the Goivernmewnt, have de troyed our ido)latrous veneLratio'n t.f lhe Union; and the samte r-esubmus allow~ full investigation, in till the s'tates that have suffered the same prongs. In another respect, thte s('eession. its have aidvantago before the people, amely, in proposing a distinct mecas re within a definite time. IBut lhe leserves little praise for diseriipina ion who chooses, finally, while the erm-of choice still continues. The xpedient -which may seem wise c-day,. may soon become veory ine~pt rom the pnrop& of oveis Our *gtroni . ,upor a~ } J', mnay~ ,te: frum t. chap h iI bi Roverot guml~ resistance; but 4eo gia h'a m mintedtatenre fi tli, Ind. t migwell ppeun Ura '.'16i for. which Geogia v ~it, arr e dpig .the tns o> .oup. y o The abolitievtiro o it evo old ur'tl tle next resiontaal electioi is. ofertbo4=so;shthe: doge mustboo blet slip, with ytb ea ry oI havoe . ri liodyf banfaties is fb strngand too rapidly; .reaipg," to be ion, retriain d from fuither aggressions -by .any consideration of prudence or honor, of law orn tlie Constitution. -If Georgia-t"otnompirc State of:the'Sonth, 1ver ready to g with us,Ithink we esould bo* nakc the venture. The argutonts snitaly opgtd for prompt secession ar; thtathe Stat-ois plodged to'this :oui ' d that is the most efficient mode of' pro ducing co-operation. The careful itnquirer for tLhe truth, will discov er, that the-;net n tien ot' the State has imp osed n oob. ligation upow her to-resist-' t aritr ticular -'time or in any ejrticulai itnode. It may well be disputed wvh riter ile. ptile a factitioueaedt of honor - apply. to a Stat, and whtier inemberstofethe Legilzt urc in passing Nsolutions concerning.oy federal relattions actotherisethan at a popular naenbly; but-granting-that thoLegislaturo can commiittbefald of - the State in 'this n t h Mic s I fT ttirro dnot e p g adopted thp.am aiusur, and Cr4. our ongaenut to 'not ir ceoncert The approfiation for arms ivasiaade in preparationfora contest "vbiet might soon come on br which. be long delayed, or entirely proventc by making ourselves ready for -an) issue. South Carolina is in no re spect more strongly pledged: that Virginia, Georgia, and Mississippi and if their retrogression delays' her in proceeding in a common and con certed measure,. her hoter is not tar nished. I grant,'that with or-withaul pledges, the idea .of submission is no to be tolerated. When our. case .be comes desperate, wo may adopt t desperate remedy. It maybe some times a duty., to sacrifice the existing inhabitants of a State in the martvr dour of liberty, for. the benefit *01 the everdur ing; cause of freedom; 1ui let us not rashly conclude that quel martyrdom is necessary. Sicigloel0 indlividuals or of States, ia' rarely tc be justified. Where -delay may bring accession of allies and ulimte success, wo-should avoid the charcic of our defeat, and of. the triumph ol despotism. The argument, that -the separat( secession of South Carolina will comn pel the Co-operation of other South. ern States, does not- strike my mnind with much force. WVe are first told, that there is no hope of such Co-opers ation to drive upon-us secession pre cipitately, and we are. then told, that secession must drive other States tc the samea-remedy.- If wre adopt ua particular measuro against their wish es and remonstrances, we can hardl expect their active su pport t.'lo as a consequence. To say thingt effensive to their State pride and soil: love, is an old mode of conciliation. Secession on our part, not precontcert ed witihst, in etffect. rebukes thiem iii in milntaiuning thlemn. S~neh; i oourse is adaptui to e inbislbforsi.ti their jucin with us, sir to) wyoundl their .atfietiors if-they~did join;: J my opinion, it would great ly reaid the estalhishmeLnt of-a stabile Govern muent for the -South. It cannot be he disguised,'that, by ,the artful con trivances of our rulers at: Washington, South Carolina has been isolate'd; gn that theilead sof r' othei Southenr State ist les likely:tt bp followedaw Thue stoeootygedar uong: '4t resistaueOto tyiiy Wr~WI RO04~~ ,S4 u li ne(w ho~ ouldi ?F; 'ta no po ' pto j fie . CY.: oec St santi not itndvjA alI# thatw n'o3,1 ol~ieo> -t be' asag t amen thine 4tpd ing .l usc oss ltb ioegof eur 1rltcio =b peacdaby, nci wii ting a aectotiihtiE d' l Carolinjia ;i U und 'sirble tas a permlanent arratige o tnoht; even, 'if it; cbtd: ti 'peaceably e effected. Disunitod grinour~ South. a erotvr ; sag h oud Rio ' tin aikuca "'.c 'jthins iettio a~ of.;- Ma ?. id.'rouis ttes undeo4)lt b ^ ,w cas i .tu aau2 u4.fr tht ~ a~i bitn Q * CWst xs' yb oti i anustolrao I t *wipo or co nigtio.~ rstal Stat .r sud;. a _l : to- I rblitio. of'l.atryd 1tiid &oJ : on;v v 'nton dirkeot cO. i ba The 4r:.w anc ray but Wit hso~r prob.f l . blo, ? that it wold o.or contia u nis an mtertij~ot~ a+ theUbon an d purs:: t: 1 tho o ctin b o fi r grulteS isolatedoul our t oe Cu 'o hdioset to Governmenttc. sm doto vets~ntu pn, did by coriiqon- bh da or .unay Qbvi.s oicyob t,~ ~ due ho i-t Awouldtrtozti oo geatu' ttano interaltially orfsi8 te Ublitb t dal o the cht cion' auE~I te nn ca}i pf ats clict, tehaps toiaiv d tine b twe o ats 'l "the;p us I~ Vp prees there ,od be itlen dotherl o d the : eetAdnit wcreaso o ffr %~1 iuto popl ore pratealy exorsitedt :o,i-t ticipalof the igti :f tho cone"in tbame'b r~ oassrd treuon us. _ 1 taip t tb9 diion oo tb e efor ce toei tate. 'ith afensivu:attitue: IU9ptn the agresst ors of sfpoe.er I tha ou adersrie *old~~p~,tie - >,'q4 ' - ea y kouteZ ID~I top, Nkfox { -1 { -! 1. j 4 ace Nbl~t3r 0-1t6" , VA -.PI op uri the i' : ri~ii~ I t..n,.;," zetru9 ip t .:bi6 Yp !