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r * * t ? ) f ?TiTTln d^i 4 ik lit "h~^ n~^ "%t t atth it 4 i~ "* THE CAMDEN JOURNA??; r;s,: f VOL.IO. CAMDEN, SOUTH CAROLINA. JUNE 27, 1849. NUMBER 216.. ?- : ~~ 1 - ^ THE CAMDEN JOURNAL, I . PUBLISHED WREKLY, BY T. W. PEGUES. WHAT IS HAPPINESS? Mother what is that golJen stream Fyr which I hear Ihcc pray ? Thoa hsst said the flash of Us gorgeous beam earth will ncrcr stay. H Is it like the light from the dark blue sT?y, ? "r When the thunder echoes near? >. Ia it like the stars that sparkle on high ? , i Shall we ever see it here ? r > , Fy- My gentle boy, O think not here f To know that mighty ray; | It bam* in a holier, purer sphere, And can never pass u way. 'N.?l earthly love in its sunny hour, ~ Though hope shed its lustre nigh, ? " ; . Can teach thee tlie depth of that sacred power, "For which thou hast heard me sigh. But O, in the glorious realms above, fcrT Where sorrow is never known, .Where norght but the seraphim songs of love 0 Float o'ec jdiovali's throne. Where the hopes of the Christian's faith repese, 1 Where the righteous of eaith onite, I Where the spirit is healed of its bleeding woes, | r 'There is ~Ugat golden light r m fSST -4*t?^ LECTURE ON THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH, Delivered before Hie Young Men's Mercantile Library Association, of Cincinnati. dJhio, by El wood Fisher, Jan. 1G, 18-10 'CONCLUDED. $When the North American colonies conTeilerate<ITc>r-resh?tanee;to!Great i ritain tlx; ^, territorial area of 'the Southern portion of them was 613,202 square miles-?that of the - - ? - * c ? r.. Northern only io-i.um, or awiui OIIU-|??UI til | as large. Virg:nin alone had, by R ival charter, the whole Northwestern territory in . her limits, and during the war bad-confirmed her title by the.patriotism and valor of hatawn citieens^-*who resetted even Illinois * from British (tower. -But before the.present Constitution was formed, Virginia, with ;i magnanimity almost infatuated, had ceded ?o the confederacy, for the'formation ?rf free k States, the whole Northwestern territory, now constituting the States of Ohio/lnuiana. Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, containing 231,651 square miles, and making the - territory oflhe free Stales rather more than tfiat ofthe sl.iveholdinK.- The object of this cession and the ordinance of 1787 was tequalize the area of the two sections. Tin [ * acquisition of Louisiana in 1803, a ided 1,138,103 square miles to our territory, o which, by the Missouri compromise, tin South obtained only 220,014 square miles, or about one-fifth?the other four-fifths, not withstanding it came to us asa slave-holding province, were-allotted to 'the North, which thus had acquired more than 700,006-square miles of territory over the South. Florida and OregoR were acquired by the treaty of 1819, by which the South got 59.268 square wiles the most, lu 1845 Texas was annexed which added only 325,520 square mile f to the Sotith, even if all Texas were included. in 1848 we obtained 526.078 square miletnrfrc in the territory of New Mexico and "California. An/I now the North claims tin .'hole of this also?and not only this hut half of Texas besides, which would make the share of North exceed that of the South nearly 15.00,000 square miles?a territory about equal in extent to the whole valley of t^e Mississippi, and leaving tlie south ?nl\ I abott 810,812 square miles, while the nortij retains nearly three-fourths of the whole1 * And this too when the south contributed her fall share of the men and money by which j the whole territory was obtained. In the I Revolutionary war the sonth furnished an average "f 16.714 men each year, and the north 25,875 which nearly corresponds with their respective number of citizens, and that, too. although the war was waged chiefly ii.? tiiin* of ihe north?cities av.iutM iai>b v....-., tjcrng in war the most tempting and the moSt vulnerable points of attack. In the the war with Mexico the south supplied ? two-thirds of the volunteers which constituted three-fourths of the entire force employed. The revenue by which these wars have been supported, lite public debt paid, and the price for the territory furnished, has been raised chiefly by duties which have notoriously operated designedly and incidentally to promote the industry and capital of the north, and to oppress those of the south. If after all this, (lie south should submit to 3.? be plundered of her share of the territory now ' in dispute, when, as an agricultural people. * she requires her fuil proportion, she would be recreant to her interests, her power, her honor, and her fame?recreant to her history ( and her dest ny. One of the proposed objects of these north, rrn reformers is to promote the prosperity ol tnc south. In have shown that site wants none of their aid and that there are at home 1" t/i pofi ii-m nnrl (inn. TtKitisanns ui u iM?ii?? .. dreds of thousands of paupers to be relieved, on whom their philanthropy may be exhausted. Is it for the welfare of the slave they are pontending? I hold it to be the duty even f of him who undertakes to subvert the established order of things, to manifest at least as hutch respect for experience as experiment,! pud it so happens that the experience of emancipation has been ample and diversified. In Hayti, the black, after exterminating the white population, remained independent and isolated, the exclusive architect of its ht own institutions and destiny. Tlte result is that they have relapsed into pristine barbarism. The exports ot Hayti amounted in 1789 to about twentv-five million of dollars; they not now amount to one-tenth of that fsum. The Ilayticn contents himself with* [the cultivation of a few yams for a mere! f subsistence, and a mere hut for a dwelling.o [.The blacks and mulatloes are at a civil war.v Land yesterday's papers announce that anjr Larmy of twenty thousand men was advan-s ^cing against llie principal town, Port au* j. Prince. | Another plan of emancipation is to send , Lthe liberated to Liberia. Hut besides the? r expense of such a system, which renders its ^impracticable. it is attended with the death!? Eoffrom one-fourth to one-half of the emi-? sgrants by the coast fever. J 1 The third .plan attempted is that by the* ik'Brilish in the West Indies?the plan of ?rad-S? |ual abolition by apprenticeship and ultimate* jcquality <>l Mack and white; and this also g ihas failed. The exports of Jamaica liavog already, in the first ten years of the experi-t ment, fallen one half. The negroes refuses to work even for high wa?cs, beyond what? is necessary for mere subsistence, the plan-B lers arc bankrupt, plantations are already^ [abandoned, and the island is hastening to the^ I condition of Hayti. j.' j The fourth plan of emancipation is thatw which has Deen going on wiiu u.s. mat in? manumission by the will of the master, the? frecdman remaining with black and white,? or seeking other States. The emancipated? slave does not appear to be willing to per-!? form the amount of work necessary to cii hable him to compete successfully with iheS laborer. In the State of New York the Con.? stitution conferred the right of suffrage onS ES colored persons owning $250 worth of prop-T ertv. Yet in the city of New York in 1845.11 >ut of 11.939 colon d people there were?, only 103 voters, and notwithstanding their? numbers are augmented by frequent manti-K missions and fugitive slaves, they do not in g crease so rapidly as the slave population,? which is evidence that their condition is not? so comfortable. It is also a curious facts that of 380, 293 free persons of color in? ifldft nnnrlv half (183.766) nreferred to rc-w ma n in (he slave States, where certainly as* a class, thev are trea'ed with no pcculinrgr favor. In Massachusetts, where so much* sympathy is expressed for them, they cannot? or will not live. There are less now of! them in Boston than there was twenty years* ago, and in both Virginia and Massachusetts! there arc ten times as many free colored! people in the penitentiary as their proportion] of the while population. It is then for the] sake of such emancipation as the West] India, which results in idleness, barbarisms and civil war among the blacks, or for Libe-H rian, Avhich exterminates, or the American,7? which s bjects them to crime and want. | that Philanthropy would undertake to over- $ turn the unrivalled system of Southern civi- V iization. But vvc ?n-e told that slavery is an evil.? 1 Well, so is wai -an evn, una or,, Government itself an evil, since it also is an | abridgment of liberty. But one of the first | objects of our Constitution is to provide fori war?for -the common defence. And the 9 people of the United Stntes prefer the evil 3 of war to'thc greater evils of being plunder- a cd and subdued. They piefer the evil ofgj Government to the greater evil of anarchy.B m) tlvc people of the S ?uth prefer slavery tog the evils of a dense inanulaeturing and com-H merc-al population, which appear to be in-S eviiablc without it; and the black man may yg piefer the slavery o! the South to the wani.w :he crime, ti e barbarism, and blood whicha attend his race in ail other countries. log the practical aHairs ot human me in its pies-Fa cut state, choice of evils is frequently all t hn13 is in our power. Good and evil in fact be-jg come relative, and not positive terms. And | the necessity is recognized by the example 1 of our Saviour, who applied the extreme 2 remedy of the lash to the money changers ? who profaned the temple. It is consistent | for a rigid sect like the Quakers to oppose K slavery, they proscribe and and repudiate 0 war, and luxury, and all other evils. Andr we may all hope for the tunc to come, when J! hi the progress of Christianity, the cviis off slavery in the South, and those ot pauperism,! crime, and mortality in the North will be I gaeatlv mitigated or abolished. But thcE north can now make no protest, bccauscn the luxurious system of northern civilization? not only subjects the great mass of the pco-ra pie to unwanlon labor and privation, buta actually sacrifices in peace a greater nmoimtS of life than is usually expended by com-e inunities at war. u If, then, the welfare of neither white or! I black in the South would be promoted by restriction or abolition of slavery, would thexj prosperity of the North be advanced ? TlieM only thing of which the North complains, onS its own account, is the ratio of represntalionH fixed by the Constitution, which gives the^ south a vote equal to three-filths of the blacks. 8 But on tlie other hand, in consequence of the | existence of slavery in the South, the north | I has a monoply of foreign emigration. This 3 amounted , as we have seen, from 182U to tij *? ,n * ? - ?UK.... o?,I i half <r?*lii/lin<r ilu J5 IllOiU, lO U III 111 ami ......>. >121 increase. In the previous thirty years it a must have been, with its increase to this* (lav, at least half a million more. Since 8 1840 it has amounted to a million besides.! So that the North has the vote and the pow. ji er of three millions of people against tlieS political power which slavery now confers, | and that ise<|uivolent to a white population* only of about two millions. And furthermore, by the peculiar agricul. | ral employment of Southern industry arid \ capital, the South is a customer and cou-S sumcr of Northern manufactures and coni-p merce, and of Northwestern agriculture.?r Abolish slavery and convert the South intoa a people of mechanics, artizans, and incr-H chants, and instead of being a customer, sliejg becomes a competitor of tlie? other section.0 And if the march of pauperism, crime, audi I mortality of the north be so great now, whatB would it bo then ? B The condition of modern civilization isj far more laborous and oppressive than tliea ancient. The seats of ancient science andl the arts were in the mild climates of tlieB Mediterranean shore, or in South of Asia! and Europe. And in America the ruins nfB her unrecorded civilization are to be founds in Palcnque and Copan, all in a similar cli-Ei mate. 'I he genius of England has carried!)' civilization to a more northern latitude, audal that of America has extended it, if not high-fi: er in latitude, to a still more rigorous chin 'Icggi than that of England. The wants.of sucliB' a climate are great and imperious. ThcH' cost of fuel alone in the city of New York isgi SIG.000,000. The clothing must be muchgl warmer, the houses more substantial, theffl' food more nourishing, and all more ex;>nn.SI sive than a milder climate. Anil this great Br augmentation of the burdens of civilized limy; must be borne in the tiorth by freemen, notgs as of old bv slaves. Hi Iler,ice have we sceh the fearful struggle? of northern labor lor subsistence. nniwiih-KJ< standing the immense aid it has derived flonilg'' modern machinery and invention. But takcral from that labor the custom, and subject it|i* to the competition of the south, where soHf much less is required for subsistence, andHi that so much cheaper, and the result wouldKi be as ruinous to the present system of theH< north as that of the South; these two systemsS have grown up together. That of the Norlhffll could not have so much expanded withoutrj a market in southern agriculture?nor could0 this have grown so great but for thedemandHi and supplies of the north. Together they ra! have have flourished ; together they musil falter and fall. To restrict, therefore, tin territorial extension of the South, and In circumscribing its industry render it unprofit- 1 able, is to restrict and paralizc the prosperity ' of the north in all its departments. Togeth- ' er these institutions have marched harmoni I ously to that eminence and success which|l: have won ihe prosperity of both at home,I1 nrlonrrtf i/in a! tlin ttr/tcl I fh( flllU LAl"l IIIU UMKIIIIIIIVII w? IIIU ?!"! I"M abrad. If either shoul lull l>v the other, the I crime would not only be fratricide, it would be suicide : and over the mouldering ruins of 8' i Si both would deserve to be written the epi- 9 taph : Here were a people who disputed?1 about the capacity of the African for liberty ? and civilization, and did not themselves pos-Hj sess the capacity to preserve their own. dOfctessMirMdKfts* I Religious Revival iv Savannah.?For 1' a fortnight past, through tiie instrumentality nf Rev. Mr. Evans, a very considerable re | viva I has been going on in the Methodist I Episcopal Church in this city. A largil number of converts have connected them I selves with the church on probation. \VY have not learned the precise number, but yesterday sixteen presented themselves foi j membership. Rev. Dr. Wtghluian of Char, lesion, has been in attendance for the las: few days, and preached nightly to a large a ?l "Iiontito ao'linuci> Uig serin ni) nf ves-E terdav morning was truly eloquent an<T ini^S pn ssivc. Services in the Church will In R continued during the coming week. 9 Savannah Georgian li ihinst. 3 Tim Tie of Bkotiif.riiood.?Some ofll the papers of Ctncinuali and New Oi lcan.- a pay a deserved tribute of praise to the exer- 8 ,,f itio twMinvolenl Order of Odd Fulfil lows in those cities (luring the prevalence? there oft he Cholera. .Strangers dying with |] out auv friends have heen cared for by lie | Odd Fellows, and the bed of the sick is provided with medical attendance and nur scs, when it would otherwise be destitute. I _ I Kentucky Politics ?J. R. Underwood, U. S. Senator froin Kentucky addressed a [meeting in favor of emancipation at Howling i Green, Warren county, on the 18th ult., in which he said it had been intimated that In and Mr. Clay would he instructed by the next Legislature to resign their seals in tin j Seriate on account of their advocacy of e- g mancipation. 4,l>ul." said he, 4,I will do ni\ duty, let die consequences be as they mav/'H Hungarian Mom: of Warfare.--A cor-H respondent of the Newark Advertiser, wri-g ting from Frankfort, in Germany, after de-H scribing the succescs of the Hungarian pat | riots in their contests with the Imperialists, i says, the rapid movements, and much of the 1 success of the Hungarians, is owing to a 1 mode of warfare thev have adopted from | the Turks. Every horseman has an infant-H ry soldier behind him. When necessary.? ? I ? I-/L?e?/*ori/l form filtrl ntfnr*!* lllf*. no. M lliu WV .. .... U..W ?..w -..w ^ rnv, after which, if advisable, they rcmouniuj mul retreat, thus harrassing the enemy likcQ the <?]<! Parthian?. fq Encouraging futukb proscription.? b Anion-: the hundred pledges oftiencraI 'J'ay-Eg lor, before his election to the presidency, wasB his proclaimed determination to soften tin a asperities of party, and by a stern example*] to discourage "the hateful system of pro fis script-on Ibr opinion's sake." His practice!] upon this promise has been a system of rutlng less, revengeful, and indiscriminate removal-H of those who did not vote for him. Tlicl ellcct of this treachery to plighted faith, it H is easy to see, will be excuse and justiticntionH lor the most violent system of removals ing all time to come! ? This will he one of the legacies of a dy H nasty that came into power with pledges on Bj its hps to put down all party violence! h Pcnnst/lcanidii. Northern Life.?The New York Tri-B bunc of Friday, says: t\ ? i /< Q "A poor woman nnmori Bridget i/onnor.g whose husband died last Saturday, was tunic 1 out oi lier apartments, 225 Eldridge i st. yesterday afternoon, bv her landlady. ! She had two children one of which was apparently dying, and the other very sick.? I She found her way to the Eeventh Wardl Station house, where one ol her children! died, and medical aid was called for the oth-1 The chnfFis not separated from the wheat! but by thrashing, nor men from their earthly! affections but by tribulation.?C/uysestumeM ]\j:teoric Ikon in South Carolina.?i The last number of Silliman's Journal con-K ain an account of a mass of meteoric irons ivhth has been discovered in South Caro.G inn It was found several years since by i laiorer on the plantation of iMr. S. M. Mrveown, situated in Chesterfield District. Do being accidentally shown to a black;mih a few weeks ago he proved it to be Tialsablc, for out of it he made a paii of imps, a few nails, and a horse shoe. The uijjnal weight of the mass is said to have )eo thirty six pounds. Its original shape was oblong, with one side and end thicket ind rounder than their opposite ; and its au tce was much indented and coated bv On being analyzed this iron was found tog :oitain nickel, traces of chromium, cobalt,! inl nodular masses of magnetic pyrites.? I Ilsmosl peculiarity, according to Professor! Siliinnn, consists in the nppearanch ofitsE wished surface when treated with dilutel lilm ac.:d ; which is then covered with aH :reat variety of beautiful figures. It is very lense, and makes a brilliant polish ; but its itched aurlace immediately distinguishes it i om every other iron hitherto derscribed. The clinax of human indifference has irrived wlcn a woman don't care how she ooks. I.iebig vnen a Boy.?Liebig was distill juished at school as a "boobv," the only a'ent then mltivated in German school beno verbal memory. On one occasion, )cingsneeriio|y asked by the master what he! proposed to become, since he was so bad aE scholar, and aiswering he would be a chcm-j st, tlie whole icliool burst into a laugh of| lerisiun. Not <ing ago, Liebig saw bis oI<l school tnastcr, .vho feelingly lamented his awn former blindness. The only boy in n ilie same schoil who ever disputed with Liebig the station of booby was one who never could learn his lesson by heart, but was continually composing music, and vvri. Icing it down by stealth in school. The same ndividual Liebig lately found at Vienna, distinguished as a composer, and conductor of ihe Imperial Opera House. His name is tteuling. It is to be hoped that a more rational system of school instruction is now training ground. Can anything be more absurd and detestable than a system which made Waller Scott and Justus Liebig 4,boohys" at school, and so efluclually concealed their natural talents, that fir example, Liebig was often lectured before the whole school on his being sure to cause misery and broken hearts to his parents, while he was all the time conscious, as the above anecdote proves, of the posscisson of talents similar in kind to those he has since displayed. I-vt^wrnrn^ oF the Sexes.?Ncal asks i tlmiv.:.%i ? vt imt uinix^s ii'UsiU iTitrir associate habitually with women, superior to tilicrs. What makes that women who is icciiStomcd and ai ease ui me .vjciciy ?? men superior to their sex in general ? Solely because they arc in the habit of free graceful, and continual conversation with the ilhcr sex. Worrtcn in this way lose their frivolity ; their delicacies and peculiarities unfold all their beauties and captivation in the spirit of intellectual rivalry. And the men lo so their pedantic, rude, declamatory or sullen manner. The coin and the understanding and the heart is changed coiitinna Iv. Their asperities are rubbed off, their tietter tnaterialspo ished and brightened, and their richness, like fine gold, is wrought into liner workmanship by the fingers of woman, han it ever could lie bv those of men? flie iron and steel of the character are liidlen, like ihc harness and armor of a giant, mil studs in knots of gold and precious Unties when they are not wanted in actual warfare." What arc you Looki.xg For?A man was angry with his wife as was often the ease ithertalked too much, or contradicted him >r fir some other reason; in short, he wa?ut of humor with her. and resolved not to ol' " ?<? hor for n lolinr lime. Ht'l > j J I"?I l\ <( HWIU I'' 11 v i kept his resolution for a few days very strictly. 0;ic evening lie is lying in bed, and wishes to sleep; lie draws his night-cap over his ears, and his wife may say what she will, lie .lears nothing of it. The wife then takes a candle, and carries it into every hole and corner; she re moves stools, and chair, and tables, and looks carefully behind tliein. The husband sits up in bed and gazes inquiringly at her movements; lie thinks that the din must have have end at last. But he is mistaken. The husband loses patience, and cries? What are you looking for?' 'For your tongue,' she answers; 'and now that I have found it, tell mc why you are ingry?' llcrcupan they became good friends again. A young lady, (?) one of those affected Misus who belong to the "upper ten," recently entered the store of a fashionable milliner with whom her family was acquainted, for the purpose of making some trifling purchase; 'How is your mother, .Miss?" politely en quired lhe lady of the store. I **Slio is not very .well, matin in," replied AI]i:ctnlion. "Aid what is tlie matter with her?'* [ "She fell down stairs and hurt her curtesy bender. "Her what?" "Her curtesy bender." "Curtesy bender! What is that?" enquired the puzzled milliner. "Why her knee!" It caused the good lady a very painful effort to prevent her committing a down-right net of rudeness. She succeeded however; hut several young ladies present were forced to make a precipitate retreat, to give full vent to their risibilities, which the ludicrousncss of the remark could not fail to produce. Ul EiMiNli UK JHK KUiViAiN iiNl^uiai 'HON. I The following is a very interesting, and we doubt not correct account of the opening of the Inquisition in the city of Rome, on the 1st of April last, from a correspondent of the N. Y. Tribune. It may be recollected that the defenders of Rome have repeatedly denied the existence of the Inquisiop in any part of the world, for some years past. - ., "On Sunday last the palace of the Inquisjtion was thrown open to the public after some days devoted to an inventory, of its contents, and investigations whjch resulted in the. discovery of some of lite relics of the diabolical practices with which this tribunal has been associated., Curiosity had been whetted by the accounts which appeared from time to time, ofB prisoners, bones and tortures, and more recently* by the proclamation announcing that the I building would he opened, which Rpoke ofl "horrid misnns. skeletons and instruments of* torture." The people poured into it in crowd*. Everybody was there?ragged, cadaverous old men, who looked as if they might have just comp from the prisons?fresh young girls, with their missals, who hud perhaps hajf an hour before been listening reverently to a mass from the lips of some priest who might have had his j share in the deeds they were shuddering over?I strangers with their eyes stretched, and readyB for the most fearful sights. They were belowH and above, in the vaults and in the garrets,? running through long suits of rooms?passagesjj l.>ft in nnfhinnr?nprninp into coal-closets? e i r o Hnd ihe mouth of some old drain, and turning away with a disappointed look and the exclamation, "Non c'e niente," (there's nothing there.") I went with the crowd, and at first I could not avoid a feeling of disappointment, and ihought (hat the government had wisely chosen the 1st of April to expose the horrors of the Inquisition ; hut convinced that there must be something to see, I kept up search. I found my way at last into a quiet garden with a bubbling fountain in the centre, which seemed the very spot for the sacred mediation ; hut around the garden was a low building with grated windows. The rough walls of the rooms within were covered with inscriptions marked with a I bit of charcoal?some bitter and complaining. In one I read, ''Let us pray to God that the good -eople may have pity." In another, 'Taao away oppression, O God." 4,Toolong have I been confined here at the caprice of calumniators without admission to the sacraments." 44How much have I suffered here!" I Here beneath a death's head and crosnones was written, " Oh Mori !" Here, "Scripio Gmtani?eight yefcrs have I been imprisoned here." There was one short but expressive sentence in the English language : Is this the Christian faith?" In one prison a heavy trapdoor was lifted from a dark opening, exposing a deep black vault; below in a corner lay a mass of bedclothes and tattered garments, among I which I recognized a worn, dirty stait-waist coat, apparently intended for a female. In several of the rooms were pipes through which, [mates. . f In another part of the building a dense crowd was assembled around the entrance to a [vault, which seemed to pass beneath the whole palace. I made my way through the mass and down the rough steps, and recognized, by the light of the torches upon the \yalls, heaps of human bones scattered over the floor. Others were protruding from the wall of earth at the side, yet untouched; and although it was difit cult to distinguish in this contused mass sex, age, or even the different parts of the body, one at least seemed to be that of a female ; and the I seventeen thigh bones which might be counted hero and there, told the story of nine poor victims. The excavations are yet unfinished, and it is not easy to conjecture how much the number - .? ?.... mIIM Igmay No increased, nui even uu-on ic.? .?IN. la fiord room for the darkest suspicions. How flmany yeais have parsed since those vaults reIceived their last victim ? Did he waste away slowly under torture and starvation, or did the |/jo/y fathers,, more merciful than usual, give Ihini the blessing of a sudden death? But these I arc conjectures without limit. It is difficult to account for the presence of these relics upon any supposition favorable to the Holy Office. I They are found imbedded in the earth filling [the brick arches which form the foundation of the building, and therefore must have been put there since its construction?a fact inconsistent with the supposition that they belonged to an ancient cometary on this spot, if any existed; and it is but too clear from the appearance of [the bones that their possessors were bofti long <iuce the erection of ihe building. Perhaps the unfortunate nun, who was found in her cell, when recent events threw opi*n the doors of the palace, might tell us something that would aid in explaining these discoveries. It is difficult to believe that the present century can have witnessed any of the enormities for which this dreadful tribunal has become proverbial.? But whether the practices thus revealed date Irorn the last century or the last year, they ifibrd another examplo of the horrors of reliC.r Ilgious persecution, ana connnu my fhe downfall of a creed which still clings to the principles which authorized and occasioned the establishment of this detestable institution. It is said that, in the convent of the Arti Cadi, a Spanish monk was found who had bpen imprisoned there for twenty five years. When taken from his cell, the poor man was almost blinded by the glare of day which now visited his eyes the first time for a quarter of ti century. It is hardly necessary to speak of his surprise on learning that he was set free on the authority of a Roman Republic. "Can such things be, j without otir special wonder?" It wcro natural Sto believe that these stories were got up Ibrthe occasion, but some things I have seen, and I others I tell as they were told to me. A crowd gathered upon the, Corso in the evening, and a strong disposition was manifested to destroy the palace of the Inquisition. Whether the meeting had any other purpose I lo not know; but when I entered the street 1 found thein shouting, "To the Inquisition ! To the Inquisition/" with an occasional cry. "Marie ni Neri'?"death to the Blacks." (The Blacks it must be understood, is the cant term Ifor the auti-Republican or Papal party?so [called from tho sombre dress of the priests.) But thpre were cooler beads among them, who, taking advantage of the enthusiasm of the people in favor of war, proposed that they should proceed to the residence of Mazzini and demand arms and the immediate action of the Assembly to prepare tor the contest. It really seemed u? n,iwq tiious^no |years oao, rvucu hack ?again? when , (. heard Romfn.crov'/d shouting war, and eloquent speaker* adrfos^flg them with the very title tbgt picero end had used : "Romanifor what^verjfy^tg|lan? may lack in actiou, the/ are not wfenuag im eloque^, ......... ... ^ In a . few moments torches were waving if front, the ,-new Republican flag wa^mijisrJqt ? .1 ?:.L .1 _r ..*T! ? # uTE.v r. 4IIU Willi BUUUI0.OI " viva UL gUCTTOf r HV HI liberidy "Viva la Republica Italiana? dy crowd commenced the.march, A# they pasted the palace of the Neapolitan Ambassador, they greeted it with groans:, and hissee., ((Jo reaching the residence of Mazziu.i, f&trfc to tbjl i window in reply to their repealed yinmoi^ and assured them that eyery e^frtjon tyoolff.^e made byjthe Government to gratify .(|ieir,?g|p? like enthusiasm and to} provide themeansfqr defence. He, sppke> wit^ fluency. ahdUl^aO could judge, with. vigor and eloqucnc^*#}* . writings, I have thought, are characterizedvj more directness of style and compacto?qii,-$Ow speak, than those of most, of his couittrymso? I He in a man of unwearied perse vertJflcfc add energy, and the late events In Italy are aUribqt* ted in no small measure to bis cxertlen, ? Whatever his enemies may sajrofLMl Idipdl'Mi or principles, no one, I think, can deoj has capacity. . After his speech was finished, the .pfovfp quietly dispersed. Do not iflftK. iftow thus description that disorderly scenes ire fjeqoeiX in Rome. This scene of which Ihav$'Sp<j|?h could not be called a mob, The 4 composed principally of young men.indfbGs^ highly respectable in their ^pearu^T^m as I have already assured yob, Rome is by ajp means in a stale of anarchy,, allhopglj a few persons may have manifested a dtspcsjiiflfi (which one most confess it adherence to principle to frown. dCWt(l^tp destroy an edifice which has harboreddeapouMtt and persecution; , ?> The beautiful gardens of tfcjn Vi&glC&SBa the Quirmal form another addition to thejrigb^ of Rome, which the flight of the Pop?, hu thrown open to the public, pne. can -well imagine, in wantJejring through these dtrtlrifljfel vistas, or listening to. the murrnuringt?^e fountains, that Pius IX regrets Aft)oasfe5K" gardens, if not bis crpyyp. "ftieRwT -of box seemed to erect tkemwlVyi ptore^Sti^y than ever at the sight of.giywps,of rompiij$| children, instead of slow-pacingoardiua^Que cannot lament a change which afford! a boUoaJinnocent enjoyment to the peoplo, instead confining scenes like those to a few ecctesita* tics. The good sense of the Prorisioatl gMB*. ernroent has directed them to be oprifteffVIflr On leaving the nalace of the Inau.ifUkir^ found the crowd who hqd satjstiec) "t?e|r curiosity there, turning their steps to the (gaid^p??r Little children were playing.on the turf; yoaqt ladies were promenading; prayprbooh JfeAajHp after finishing their numerous one* aod MrT?jE paters in St. Peter's and bestowing tfe PJJ upon his iron toe, which might soon berepenWI ^ upon some equally favored lipiu fl8f? there were a fow priests regretting the eteA of a guide-book, I may venture to saytkatffc* gardens were laid out with a great doat-of taste, and afforded one of the most deUghflfal promenades that I have ever seen. The people behaved with the greatest propriety^? neither here nor in the museums,,where they were to be lotind in throngs,,did 1 withes* the slightest violation of good order. An inijfMC. tive perception of the bpauliful seemed toawa* I ken in them a respect for its manifestation ia the works of Art which they saw around thanfc and to protect them from injury. ^ r Excavations are being carried on onder lhe direction and qt the etpense of iheGovernmeatJ erhk-thw Hiivcr inc. sua .vi iik . , f 8hope of adding to the relic? of anqieot art already discovered, and of detenriining I oaifc ties which have Been su ejects of disctwioo among antiquarians for nianjryears. Employment is thus afforded toa large number of people who. gain thejr bread by honest labpr instead of annoying the passer-by with solicit*, tions. Those who feel any interest in the elacidatinn of mooted points in ancient history, will approve the good taste of the authorities. One who comes to Rome for the first time iq~ astonished to see the amount of debrit which1 has accumulated upon the surface, cohering2 many ancient monuments and coocealj?iy aft that were not elevated above the Be looks down upon the pedestals* of cbjumai? descends into evcavations to enter tem^M ana I churches, and bods himself almost, on a level, with the top of some triumph^l drch. h wiuil^ almost seem as if Nature bad cast a' chsdr covering over the spots whfch witnessed1 the' glory of ancient Rome, that they might Oof be profaned hy the degredation of the fkllea citjrl* Lei us hope that as the Roman Fortffntt^eesT cumbered of the load heaped upon it fn\.the dark agos, the Roman people may dill off the. burden which the ignorahep and superefitioffot (hat period have led upon their shoulders/ American Orator* in,. Poland.?^sfr. Charles Whitney, from the United States/ji delivering lectures id, Lbridon oh . oratorjf.ftFthie Now World; aria has, given the peculiarities nnd eccentricities of America's principal ota* tors. . H is lectufes hWe lieeri attended by nib', ny distinguished members of Parliament fincl' the riobility and gentry. The Duke of Wellington volunteered to "create an interest'wfta her majesty" in the subject, abd it. Was expected Mr. VV. would be required to delivery lecture before the Court at Buckingham Palace. r> - ' nautmore arm. The Hollowell Gazette in commenting on the practice of "sitting at ch\i'rcH> m prayer lime," says?"We reroepjber of* a good oW minister who once prayed fervently for those ' Min? tnn nroud to o| (no conRrt-gituuti ?no . ! kneel and too lazy to stand." I "Its very well," says Mi. Dobbs, "for the moral papers to keep saying, "don't gat into'a' passion; but for my part, wben the nasty area; Iture, Mr. I), goes, fo'bed with his boots oft, { kind o'bfle over* 3 ? % >* ' I Sensible.?Nelson .Smith in'taking the editorial charge oftho Pickens'(Ala.) Republican, makes his salutatory as follows: I "The uhdersignedf. jrttb hits become a' joint proprietorof the Republican, will here* after be its Editor. He has no long maniIfeslo to mhk'e of What he will or will not gay' land expects' to be j'uaged and patronkftd ftcV cording to his deserts." ,M|