The Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, S.C.) 1836-1851, June 27, 1849, Image 1
r * * t
? ) f
?TiTTln d^i 4 ik lit "h~^ n~^ "%t t atth it 4 i~ "*
THE CAMDEN JOURNA??; r;s,:
f VOL.IO. CAMDEN, SOUTH CAROLINA. JUNE 27, 1849. NUMBER 216..
?- : ~~ 1 -
^ THE CAMDEN JOURNAL, I
. PUBLISHED WREKLY, BY
T. W. PEGUES.
WHAT IS HAPPINESS?
Mother what is that golJen stream
Fyr which I hear Ihcc pray ?
Thoa hsst said the flash of Us gorgeous beam
earth will ncrcr stay. H
Is it like the light from the dark blue sT?y, ?
"r When the thunder echoes near? >.
Ia it like the stars that sparkle on high ? , i
Shall we ever see it here ?
r > ,
Fy- My gentle boy, O think not here
f To know that mighty ray;
| It bam* in a holier, purer sphere,
And can never pass u way.
'N.?l earthly love in its sunny hour,
~ Though hope shed its lustre nigh,
? " ; . Can teach thee tlie depth of that sacred power,
"For which thou hast heard me sigh.
But O, in the glorious realms above,
fcrT Where sorrow is never known,
.Where norght but the seraphim songs of love
0 Float o'ec jdiovali's throne.
Where the hopes of the Christian's faith repese, 1
Where the righteous of eaith onite, I
Where the spirit is healed of its bleeding woes, |
r 'There is ~Ugat golden light
r m fSST
-4*t?^
LECTURE ON
THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH,
Delivered before Hie Young Men's Mercantile
Library Association, of Cincinnati.
dJhio, by El wood Fisher, Jan. 1G, 18-10
'CONCLUDED.
$When the North American colonies conTeilerate<ITc>r-resh?tanee;to!Great
i ritain tlx;
^, territorial area of 'the Southern portion of
them was 613,202 square miles-?that of the
- - ? - * c ? r..
Northern only io-i.um, or awiui OIIU-|??UI til |
as large. Virg:nin alone had, by R ival
charter, the whole Northwestern territory in
. her limits, and during the war bad-confirmed
her title by the.patriotism and valor of hatawn
citieens^-*who resetted even Illinois
* from British (tower. -But before the.present
Constitution was formed, Virginia, with ;i
magnanimity almost infatuated, had ceded
?o the confederacy, for the'formation ?rf free
k States, the whole Northwestern territory,
now constituting the States of Ohio/lnuiana.
Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, containing
231,651 square miles, and making the
- territory oflhe free Stales rather more than
tfiat ofthe sl.iveholdinK.- The object of this
cession and the ordinance of 1787 was tequalize
the area of the two sections. Tin
[ * acquisition of Louisiana in 1803, a ided 1,138,103
square miles to our territory, o
which, by the Missouri compromise, tin
South obtained only 220,014 square miles,
or about one-fifth?the other four-fifths, not
withstanding it came to us asa slave-holding
province, were-allotted to 'the North, which
thus had acquired more than 700,006-square
miles of territory over the South. Florida
and OregoR were acquired by the treaty of
1819, by which the South got 59.268 square
wiles the most, lu 1845 Texas was annexed
which added only 325,520 square mile
f to the Sotith, even if all Texas were included.
in 1848 we obtained 526.078 square miletnrfrc
in the territory of New Mexico and
"California. An/I now the North claims tin
.'hole of this also?and not only this hut
half of Texas besides, which would make
the share of North exceed that of the South
nearly 15.00,000 square miles?a territory
about equal in extent to the whole valley of
t^e Mississippi, and leaving tlie south ?nl\
I abott 810,812 square miles, while the nortij
retains nearly three-fourths of the whole1
* And this too when the south contributed her
fall share of the men and money by which
j the whole territory was obtained. In the
I Revolutionary war the sonth furnished an
average "f 16.714 men each year, and the
north 25,875 which nearly corresponds with
their respective number of citizens, and that,
too. although the war was waged chiefly
ii.? tiiin* of ihe north?cities
av.iutM iai>b v....-.,
tjcrng in war the most tempting and the
moSt vulnerable points of attack. In the
the war with Mexico the south supplied
? two-thirds of the volunteers which constituted
three-fourths of the entire force employed.
The revenue by which these wars have
been supported, lite public debt paid, and
the price for the territory furnished, has been
raised chiefly by duties which have notoriously
operated designedly and incidentally
to promote the industry and capital of the
north, and to oppress those of the south.
If after all this, (lie south should submit to
3.? be plundered of her share of the territory now
' in dispute, when, as an agricultural people.
* she requires her fuil proportion, she would
be recreant to her interests, her power, her
honor, and her fame?recreant to her history
( and her dest ny.
One of the proposed objects of these north,
rrn reformers is to promote the prosperity ol
tnc south. In have shown that site wants
none of their aid and that there are at home
1" t/i pofi ii-m nnrl (inn.
TtKitisanns ui u iM?ii?? ..
dreds of thousands of paupers to be relieved,
on whom their philanthropy may be exhausted.
Is it for the welfare of the slave they are
pontending? I hold it to be the duty even
f of him who undertakes to subvert the established
order of things, to manifest at least as
hutch respect for experience as experiment,!
pud it so happens that the experience of
emancipation has been ample and diversified.
In Hayti, the black, after exterminating
the white population, remained independent
and isolated, the exclusive architect of its
ht own institutions and destiny. Tlte result is
that they have relapsed into pristine barbarism.
The exports ot Hayti amounted in
1789 to about twentv-five million of dollars;
they not now amount to one-tenth of that
fsum. The Ilayticn contents himself with*
[the cultivation of a few yams for a mere!
f subsistence, and a mere hut for a dwelling.o
[.The blacks and mulatloes are at a civil war.v
Land yesterday's papers announce that anjr
Larmy of twenty thousand men was advan-s
^cing against llie principal town, Port au*
j. Prince.
| Another plan of emancipation is to send ,
Lthe liberated to Liberia. Hut besides the?
r expense of such a system, which renders its
^impracticable. it is attended with the death!?
Eoffrom one-fourth to one-half of the emi-?
sgrants by the coast fever. J
1 The third .plan attempted is that by the*
ik'Brilish in the West Indies?the plan of ?rad-S?
|ual abolition by apprenticeship and ultimate*
jcquality <>l Mack and white; and this also g
ihas failed. The exports of Jamaica liavog
already, in the first ten years of the experi-t
ment, fallen one half. The negroes refuses
to work even for high wa?cs, beyond what?
is necessary for mere subsistence, the plan-B
lers arc bankrupt, plantations are already^
[abandoned, and the island is hastening to the^
I condition of Hayti. j.'
j The fourth plan of emancipation is thatw
which has Deen going on wiiu u.s. mat in?
manumission by the will of the master, the?
frecdman remaining with black and white,?
or seeking other States. The emancipated?
slave does not appear to be willing to per-!?
form the amount of work necessary to cii hable
him to compete successfully with iheS
laborer. In the State of New York the Con.?
stitution conferred the right of suffrage onS
ES
colored persons owning $250 worth of prop-T
ertv. Yet in the city of New York in 1845.11
>ut of 11.939 colon d people there were?,
only 103 voters, and notwithstanding their?
numbers are augmented by frequent manti-K
missions and fugitive slaves, they do not in g
crease so rapidly as the slave population,?
which is evidence that their condition is not?
so comfortable. It is also a curious facts
that of 380, 293 free persons of color in?
ifldft nnnrlv half (183.766) nreferred to rc-w
ma n in (he slave States, where certainly as*
a class, thev are trea'ed with no pcculinrgr
favor. In Massachusetts, where so much*
sympathy is expressed for them, they cannot?
or will not live. There are less now of!
them in Boston than there was twenty years*
ago, and in both Virginia and Massachusetts!
there arc ten times as many free colored!
people in the penitentiary as their proportion]
of the while population. It is then for the]
sake of such emancipation as the West]
India, which results in idleness, barbarisms
and civil war among the blacks, or for Libe-H
rian, Avhich exterminates, or the American,7?
which s bjects them to crime and want. |
that Philanthropy would undertake to over- $
turn the unrivalled system of Southern civi- V
iization.
But vvc ?n-e told that slavery is an evil.? 1
Well, so is wai -an evn, una or,,
Government itself an evil, since it also is an |
abridgment of liberty. But one of the first |
objects of our Constitution is to provide fori
war?for -the common defence. And the 9
people of the United Stntes prefer the evil 3
of war to'thc greater evils of being plunder- a
cd and subdued. They piefer the evil ofgj
Government to the greater evil of anarchy.B
m) tlvc people of the S ?uth prefer slavery tog
the evils of a dense inanulaeturing and com-H
merc-al population, which appear to be in-S
eviiablc without it; and the black man may yg
piefer the slavery o! the South to the wani.w
:he crime, ti e barbarism, and blood whicha
attend his race in ail other countries. log
the practical aHairs ot human me in its pies-Fa
cut state, choice of evils is frequently all t hn13
is in our power. Good and evil in fact be-jg
come relative, and not positive terms. And |
the necessity is recognized by the example 1
of our Saviour, who applied the extreme 2
remedy of the lash to the money changers ?
who profaned the temple. It is consistent |
for a rigid sect like the Quakers to oppose K
slavery, they proscribe and and repudiate 0
war, and luxury, and all other evils. Andr
we may all hope for the tunc to come, when J!
hi the progress of Christianity, the cviis off
slavery in the South, and those ot pauperism,!
crime, and mortality in the North will be I
gaeatlv mitigated or abolished. But thcE
north can now make no protest, bccauscn
the luxurious system of northern civilization?
not only subjects the great mass of the pco-ra
pie to unwanlon labor and privation, buta
actually sacrifices in peace a greater nmoimtS
of life than is usually expended by com-e
inunities at war. u
If, then, the welfare of neither white or!
I black in the South would be promoted by
restriction or abolition of slavery, would thexj
prosperity of the North be advanced ? TlieM
only thing of which the North complains, onS
its own account, is the ratio of represntalionH
fixed by the Constitution, which gives the^
south a vote equal to three-filths of the blacks. 8
But on tlie other hand, in consequence of the |
existence of slavery in the South, the north |
I has a monoply of foreign emigration. This 3
amounted , as we have seen, from 182U to tij
*? ,n * ? - ?UK.... o?,I i half <r?*lii/lin<r ilu J5
IllOiU, lO U III 111 ami ......>. >121
increase. In the previous thirty years it a
must have been, with its increase to this*
(lav, at least half a million more. Since 8
1840 it has amounted to a million besides.!
So that the North has the vote and the pow. ji
er of three millions of people against tlieS
political power which slavery now confers, |
and that ise<|uivolent to a white population*
only of about two millions.
And furthermore, by the peculiar agricul. |
ral employment of Southern industry arid \
capital, the South is a customer and cou-S
sumcr of Northern manufactures and coni-p
merce, and of Northwestern agriculture.?r
Abolish slavery and convert the South intoa
a people of mechanics, artizans, and incr-H
chants, and instead of being a customer, sliejg
becomes a competitor of tlie? other section.0
And if the march of pauperism, crime, audi
I mortality of the north be so great now, whatB
would it bo then ? B
The condition of modern civilization isj
far more laborous and oppressive than tliea
ancient. The seats of ancient science andl
the arts were in the mild climates of tlieB
Mediterranean shore, or in South of Asia!
and Europe. And in America the ruins nfB
her unrecorded civilization are to be founds
in Palcnque and Copan, all in a similar cli-Ei
mate. 'I he genius of England has carried!)'
civilization to a more northern latitude, audal
that of America has extended it, if not high-fi:
er in latitude, to a still more rigorous chin 'Icggi
than that of England. The wants.of sucliB'
a climate are great and imperious. ThcH'
cost of fuel alone in the city of New York isgi
SIG.000,000. The clothing must be muchgl
warmer, the houses more substantial, theffl'
food more nourishing, and all more ex;>nn.SI
sive than a milder climate. Anil this great Br
augmentation of the burdens of civilized limy;
must be borne in the tiorth by freemen, notgs
as of old bv slaves. Hi
Iler,ice have we sceh the fearful struggle?
of northern labor lor subsistence. nniwiih-KJ<
standing the immense aid it has derived flonilg''
modern machinery and invention. But takcral
from that labor the custom, and subject it|i*
to the competition of the south, where soHf
much less is required for subsistence, andHi
that so much cheaper, and the result wouldKi
be as ruinous to the present system of theH<
north as that of the South; these two systemsS
have grown up together. That of the Norlhffll
could not have so much expanded withoutrj
a market in southern agriculture?nor could0
this have grown so great but for thedemandHi
and supplies of the north. Together they ra!
have have flourished ; together they musil
falter and fall. To restrict, therefore, tin
territorial extension of the South, and In
circumscribing its industry render it unprofit- 1
able, is to restrict and paralizc the prosperity '
of the north in all its departments. Togeth- '
er these institutions have marched harmoni I
ously to that eminence and success which|l:
have won ihe prosperity of both at home,I1
nrlonrrtf i/in a! tlin ttr/tcl I fh(
flllU LAl"l IIIU UMKIIIIIIIVII w? IIIU ?!"! I"M
abrad. If either shoul lull l>v the other, the I
crime would not only be fratricide, it would
be suicide : and over the mouldering ruins of 8'
i Si
both would deserve to be written the epi- 9
taph : Here were a people who disputed?1
about the capacity of the African for liberty ?
and civilization, and did not themselves pos-Hj
sess the capacity to preserve their own.
dOfctessMirMdKfts* I
Religious Revival iv Savannah.?For 1'
a fortnight past, through tiie instrumentality
nf Rev. Mr. Evans, a very considerable re |
viva I has been going on in the Methodist I
Episcopal Church in this city. A largil
number of converts have connected them I
selves with the church on probation. \VY
have not learned the precise number, but
yesterday sixteen presented themselves foi j
membership. Rev. Dr. Wtghluian of Char,
lesion, has been in attendance for the las:
few days, and preached nightly to a large a
?l "Iiontito ao'linuci> Uig serin ni) nf ves-E
terdav morning was truly eloquent an<T ini^S
pn ssivc. Services in the Church will In R
continued during the coming week. 9
Savannah Georgian li ihinst. 3
Tim Tie of Bkotiif.riiood.?Some ofll
the papers of Ctncinuali and New Oi lcan.- a
pay a deserved tribute of praise to the exer- 8
,,f itio twMinvolenl Order of Odd Fulfil
lows in those cities (luring the prevalence?
there oft he Cholera. .Strangers dying with |]
out auv friends have heen cared for by lie |
Odd Fellows, and the bed of the sick is
provided with medical attendance and nur
scs, when it would otherwise be destitute.
I _
I Kentucky Politics ?J. R. Underwood,
U. S. Senator froin Kentucky addressed a
[meeting in favor of emancipation at Howling i
Green, Warren county, on the 18th ult., in
which he said it had been intimated that In
and Mr. Clay would he instructed by the
next Legislature to resign their seals in tin j
Seriate on account of their advocacy of e- g
mancipation. 4,l>ul." said he, 4,I will do ni\
duty, let die consequences be as they mav/'H
Hungarian Mom: of Warfare.--A cor-H
respondent of the Newark Advertiser, wri-g
ting from Frankfort, in Germany, after de-H
scribing the succescs of the Hungarian pat |
riots in their contests with the Imperialists, i
says, the rapid movements, and much of the 1
success of the Hungarians, is owing to a 1
mode of warfare thev have adopted from |
the Turks. Every horseman has an infant-H
ry soldier behind him. When necessary.?
? I ? I-/L?e?/*ori/l form filtrl ntfnr*!* lllf*. no. M
lliu WV .. .... U..W ?..w -..w ^
rnv, after which, if advisable, they rcmouniuj
mul retreat, thus harrassing the enemy likcQ
the <?]<! Parthian?. fq
Encouraging futukb proscription.? b
Anion-: the hundred pledges oftiencraI 'J'ay-Eg
lor, before his election to the presidency, wasB
his proclaimed determination to soften tin a
asperities of party, and by a stern example*]
to discourage "the hateful system of pro fis
script-on Ibr opinion's sake." His practice!]
upon this promise has been a system of rutlng
less, revengeful, and indiscriminate removal-H
of those who did not vote for him. Tlicl
ellcct of this treachery to plighted faith, it H
is easy to see, will be excuse and justiticntionH
lor the most violent system of removals ing
all time to come! ?
This will he one of the legacies of a dy H
nasty that came into power with pledges on Bj
its hps to put down all party violence! h
Pcnnst/lcanidii.
Northern Life.?The New York Tri-B
bunc of Friday, says: t\
? i /< Q
"A poor woman nnmori Bridget i/onnor.g
whose husband died last Saturday, was
tunic 1 out oi lier apartments, 225 Eldridge i
st. yesterday afternoon, bv her landlady. !
She had two children one of which was apparently
dying, and the other very sick.? I
She found her way to the Eeventh Wardl
Station house, where one ol her children!
died, and medical aid was called for the oth-1
The chnfFis not separated from the wheat!
but by thrashing, nor men from their earthly!
affections but by tribulation.?C/uysestumeM
]\j:teoric Ikon in South Carolina.?i
The last number of Silliman's Journal con-K
ain an account of a mass of meteoric irons
ivhth has been discovered in South Caro.G
inn It was found several years since by
i laiorer on the plantation of iMr. S. M.
Mrveown, situated in Chesterfield District.
Do being accidentally shown to a black;mih
a few weeks ago he proved it to be
Tialsablc, for out of it he made a paii of
imps, a few nails, and a horse shoe. The
uijjnal weight of the mass is said to have
)eo thirty six pounds. Its original shape
was oblong, with one side and end thicket
ind rounder than their opposite ; and its
au tce was much indented and coated bv
On being analyzed this iron was found tog
:oitain nickel, traces of chromium, cobalt,!
inl nodular masses of magnetic pyrites.? I
Ilsmosl peculiarity, according to Professor!
Siliinnn, consists in the nppearanch ofitsE
wished surface when treated with dilutel
lilm ac.:d ; which is then covered with aH
:reat variety of beautiful figures. It is very
lense, and makes a brilliant polish ; but its
itched aurlace immediately distinguishes it
i om every other iron hitherto derscribed.
The clinax of human indifference has
irrived wlcn a woman don't care how she
ooks.
I.iebig vnen a Boy.?Liebig was distill
juished at school as a "boobv," the only
a'ent then mltivated in German school beno
verbal memory. On one occasion,
)cingsneeriio|y asked by the master what he!
proposed to become, since he was so bad aE
scholar, and aiswering he would be a chcm-j
st, tlie whole icliool burst into a laugh of|
lerisiun. Not <ing ago, Liebig saw bis oI<l
school tnastcr, .vho feelingly lamented his
awn former blindness. The only boy in
n ilie same schoil who ever disputed with
Liebig the station of booby was one who
never could learn his lesson by heart, but
was continually composing music, and vvri.
Icing it down by stealth in school. The same
ndividual Liebig lately found at Vienna, distinguished
as a composer, and conductor of
ihe Imperial Opera House. His name is
tteuling. It is to be hoped that a more rational
system of school instruction is now
training ground. Can anything be more
absurd and detestable than a system which
made Waller Scott and Justus Liebig 4,boohys"
at school, and so efluclually concealed
their natural talents, that fir example, Liebig
was often lectured before the whole
school on his being sure to cause misery and
broken hearts to his parents, while he was
all the time conscious, as the above anecdote
proves, of the posscisson of talents similar in
kind to those he has since displayed.
I-vt^wrnrn^ oF the Sexes.?Ncal asks
i tlmiv.:.%i ? vt imt uinix^s ii'UsiU iTitrir
associate habitually with women, superior to
tilicrs. What makes that women who is
icciiStomcd and ai ease ui me .vjciciy ?? men
superior to their sex in general ? Solely
because they arc in the habit of free graceful,
and continual conversation with the
ilhcr sex. Worrtcn in this way lose their
frivolity ; their delicacies and peculiarities
unfold all their beauties and captivation in
the spirit of intellectual rivalry. And the
men lo so their pedantic, rude, declamatory
or sullen manner. The coin and the understanding
and the heart is changed coiitinna
Iv. Their asperities are rubbed off, their
tietter tnaterialspo ished and brightened, and
their richness, like fine gold, is wrought into
liner workmanship by the fingers of woman,
han it ever could lie bv those of men?
flie iron and steel of the character are liidlen,
like ihc harness and armor of a giant,
mil studs in knots of gold and precious
Unties when they are not wanted in actual
warfare."
What arc you Looki.xg For?A man
was angry with his wife as was often the ease
ithertalked too much, or contradicted him
>r fir some other reason; in short, he wa?ut
of humor with her. and resolved not to
ol' " ?<? hor for n lolinr lime. Ht'l
> j J I"?I l\ <( HWIU I'' 11 v i
kept his resolution for a few days very strictly.
0;ic evening lie is lying in bed, and wishes
to sleep; lie draws his night-cap over his
ears, and his wife may say what she will, lie
.lears nothing of it.
The wife then takes a candle, and carries
it into every hole and corner; she re
moves stools, and chair, and tables, and
looks carefully behind tliein. The husband
sits up in bed and gazes inquiringly at her
movements; lie thinks that the din must have
have end at last. But he is mistaken. The
husband loses patience, and cries?
What are you looking for?'
'For your tongue,' she answers; 'and now
that I have found it, tell mc why you are
ingry?'
llcrcupan they became good friends again.
A young lady, (?) one of those affected Misus
who belong to the "upper ten," recently
entered the store of a fashionable milliner
with whom her family was acquainted, for
the purpose of making some trifling purchase;
'How is your mother, .Miss?" politely en
quired lhe lady of the store.
I **Slio is not very .well, matin in," replied
AI]i:ctnlion.
"Aid what is tlie matter with her?'*
[ "She fell down stairs and hurt her curtesy
bender.
"Her what?"
"Her curtesy bender."
"Curtesy bender! What is that?" enquired
the puzzled milliner.
"Why her knee!"
It caused the good lady a very painful effort
to prevent her committing a down-right
net of rudeness. She succeeded however;
hut several young ladies present were forced
to make a precipitate retreat, to give full
vent to their risibilities, which the ludicrousncss
of the remark could not fail to produce.
Ul EiMiNli UK JHK KUiViAiN iiNl^uiai
'HON. I
The following is a very interesting, and we
doubt not correct account of the opening of the
Inquisition in the city of Rome, on the 1st of
April last, from a correspondent of the N. Y.
Tribune. It may be recollected that the
defenders of Rome have repeatedly denied the
existence of the Inquisiop in any part of the
world, for some years past. - .,
"On Sunday last the palace of the Inquisjtion
was thrown open to the public after some days
devoted to an inventory, of its contents, and
investigations whjch resulted in the. discovery
of some of lite relics of the diabolical practices
with which this tribunal has been associated.,
Curiosity had been whetted by the accounts
which appeared from time to time, ofB
prisoners, bones and tortures, and more recently*
by the proclamation announcing that the I
building would he opened, which Rpoke ofl
"horrid misnns. skeletons and instruments of*
torture."
The people poured into it in crowd*. Everybody
was there?ragged, cadaverous old men,
who looked as if they might have just comp
from the prisons?fresh young girls, with their
missals, who hud perhaps hajf an hour before
been listening reverently to a mass from the
lips of some priest who might have had his j
share in the deeds they were shuddering over?I
strangers with their eyes stretched, and readyB
for the most fearful sights. They were belowH
and above, in the vaults and in the garrets,?
running through long suits of rooms?passagesjj
l.>ft in nnfhinnr?nprninp into coal-closets?
e i r o
Hnd ihe mouth of some old drain, and turning
away with a disappointed look and the exclamation,
"Non c'e niente," (there's nothing
there.")
I went with the crowd, and at first I could
not avoid a feeling of disappointment, and
ihought (hat the government had wisely chosen
the 1st of April to expose the horrors of the
Inquisition ; hut convinced that there must be
something to see, I kept up search. I found
my way at last into a quiet garden with a bubbling
fountain in the centre, which seemed the
very spot for the sacred mediation ; hut around
the garden was a low building with grated windows.
The rough walls of the rooms within
were covered with inscriptions marked with a
I bit of charcoal?some bitter and complaining.
In one I read, ''Let us pray to God that the
good -eople may have pity." In another,
'Taao away oppression, O God." 4,Toolong
have I been confined here at the caprice of
calumniators without admission to the sacraments."
44How much have I suffered here!"
I Here beneath a death's head and crosnones
was written, " Oh Mori !" Here, "Scripio
Gmtani?eight yefcrs have I been imprisoned
here." There was one short but expressive
sentence in the English language : Is this the
Christian faith?" In one prison a heavy trapdoor
was lifted from a dark opening, exposing a
deep black vault; below in a corner lay a mass
of bedclothes and tattered garments, among
I which I recognized a worn, dirty stait-waist
coat, apparently intended for a female. In
several of the rooms were pipes through which,
[mates. .
f In another part of the building a dense
crowd was assembled around the entrance to a
[vault, which seemed to pass beneath the whole
palace. I made my way through the mass and
down the rough steps, and recognized, by the
light of the torches upon the \yalls, heaps of
human bones scattered over the floor. Others
were protruding from the wall of earth at the
side, yet untouched; and although it was difit
cult to distinguish in this contused mass sex,
age, or even the different parts of the body, one
at least seemed to be that of a female ; and the
I seventeen thigh bones which might be counted
hero and there, told the story of nine poor
victims.
The excavations are yet unfinished, and it is
not easy to conjecture how much the number
- .? ?.... mIIM
Igmay No increased, nui even uu-on ic.? .?IN.
la fiord room for the darkest suspicions. How
flmany yeais have parsed since those vaults reIceived
their last victim ? Did he waste away
slowly under torture and starvation, or did the
|/jo/y fathers,, more merciful than usual, give
Ihini the blessing of a sudden death? But these
I arc conjectures without limit. It is difficult to
account for the presence of these relics upon
any supposition favorable to the Holy Office.
I They are found imbedded in the earth filling
[the brick arches which form the foundation of
the building, and therefore must have been put
there since its construction?a fact inconsistent
with the supposition that they belonged to an
ancient cometary on this spot, if any existed;
and it is but too clear from the appearance of
[the bones that their possessors were bofti long
<iuce the erection of ihe building. Perhaps
the unfortunate nun, who was found in her cell,
when recent events threw opi*n the doors of
the palace, might tell us something that would
aid in explaining these discoveries. It is difficult
to believe that the present century can
have witnessed any of the enormities for which
this dreadful tribunal has become proverbial.?
But whether the practices thus revealed date
Irorn the last century or the last year, they
ifibrd another examplo of the horrors of reliC.r
Ilgious persecution, ana connnu my
fhe downfall of a creed which still clings to the
principles which authorized and occasioned the
establishment of this detestable institution. It
is said that, in the convent of the Arti Cadi, a
Spanish monk was found who had bpen imprisoned
there for twenty five years. When taken
from his cell, the poor man was almost blinded
by the glare of day which now visited his eyes
the first time for a quarter of ti century. It is
hardly necessary to speak of his surprise on
learning that he was set free on the authority of
a Roman Republic. "Can such things be,
j without otir special wonder?" It wcro natural
Sto believe that these stories were got up Ibrthe
occasion, but some things I have seen, and
I others I tell as they were told to me.
A crowd gathered upon the, Corso in the
evening, and a strong disposition was manifested
to destroy the palace of the Inquisition.
Whether the meeting had any other purpose I
lo not know; but when I entered the street 1
found thein shouting, "To the Inquisition ! To
the Inquisition/" with an occasional cry.
"Marie ni Neri'?"death to the Blacks." (The
Blacks it must be understood, is the cant term
Ifor the auti-Republican or Papal party?so
[called from tho sombre dress of the priests.)
But thpre were cooler beads among them, who,
taking advantage of the enthusiasm of the
people in favor of war, proposed that they
should proceed to the residence of Mazzini and
demand arms and the immediate action of the
Assembly to prepare tor the contest. It really
seemed u? n,iwq tiious^no |years oao, rvucu
hack ?again? when , (. heard Romfn.crov'/d
shouting war, and eloquent speaker* adrfos^flg
them with the very title tbgt picero end
had used : "Romanifor what^verjfy^tg|lan?
may lack in actiou, the/ are not wfenuag im
eloque^, ......... ... ^
In a . few moments torches were waving if
front, the ,-new Republican flag wa^mijisrJqt
? .1 ?:.L .1 _r ..*T! ? # uTE.v r.
4IIU Willi BUUUI0.OI " viva UL gUCTTOf r HV HI
liberidy "Viva la Republica Italiana? dy
crowd commenced the.march, A# they pasted
the palace of the Neapolitan Ambassador, they
greeted it with groans:, and hissee., ((Jo reaching
the residence of Mazziu.i, f&trfc to tbjl i
window in reply to their repealed yinmoi^
and assured them that eyery e^frtjon tyoolff.^e
made byjthe Government to gratify .(|ieir,?g|p?
like enthusiasm and to} provide themeansfqr
defence. He, sppke> wit^ fluency. ahdUl^aO
could judge, with. vigor and eloqucnc^*#}* .
writings, I have thought, are characterizedvj
more directness of style and compacto?qii,-$Ow
speak, than those of most, of his couittrymso?
I He in a man of unwearied perse vertJflcfc add
energy, and the late events In Italy are aUribqt* ted
in no small measure to bis cxertlen, ?
Whatever his enemies may sajrofLMl Idipdl'Mi
or principles, no one, I think, can deoj has
capacity. .
After his speech was finished, the .pfovfp
quietly dispersed. Do not iflftK. iftow thus
description that disorderly scenes ire fjeqoeiX
in Rome. This scene of which Ihav$'Sp<j|?h
could not be called a mob, The 4
composed principally of young men.indfbGs^
highly respectable in their ^pearu^T^m
as I have already assured yob, Rome is by ajp
means in a stale of anarchy,, allhopglj a few
persons may have manifested a dtspcsjiiflfi
(which one most confess it
adherence to principle to frown. dCWt(l^tp
destroy an edifice which has harboreddeapouMtt
and persecution; , ?>
The beautiful gardens of tfcjn Vi&glC&SBa
the Quirmal form another addition to thejrigb^
of Rome, which the flight of the Pop?, hu
thrown open to the public, pne. can -well
imagine, in wantJejring through these dtrtlrifljfel
vistas, or listening to. the murrnuringt?^e
fountains, that Pius IX regrets Aft)oasfe5K"
gardens, if not bis crpyyp. "ftieRwT -of
box seemed to erect tkemwlVyi ptore^Sti^y
than ever at the sight of.giywps,of rompiij$|
children, instead of slow-pacingoardiua^Que
cannot lament a change which afford! a boUoaJinnocent
enjoyment to the peoplo, instead
confining scenes like those to a few ecctesita*
tics. The good sense of the Prorisioatl gMB*. ernroent
has directed them to be oprifteffVIflr
On leaving the nalace of the Inau.ifUkir^
found the crowd who hqd satjstiec) "t?e|r curiosity
there, turning their steps to the (gaid^p??r
Little children were playing.on the turf; yoaqt
ladies were promenading; prayprbooh JfeAajHp
after finishing their numerous one* aod MrT?jE
paters in St. Peter's and bestowing tfe PJJ
upon his iron toe, which might soon berepenWI ^
upon some equally favored lipiu fl8f?
there were a fow priests regretting the eteA
of a guide-book, I may venture to saytkatffc*
gardens were laid out with a great doat-of
taste, and afforded one of the most deUghflfal
promenades that I have ever seen. The
people behaved with the greatest propriety^?
neither here nor in the museums,,where they
were to be lotind in throngs,,did 1 withes* the
slightest violation of good order. An inijfMC.
tive perception of the bpauliful seemed toawa*
I ken in them a respect for its manifestation ia
the works of Art which they saw around thanfc
and to protect them from injury. ^ r
Excavations are being carried on onder lhe
direction and qt the etpense of iheGovernmeatJ
erhk-thw
Hiivcr inc. sua .vi iik . , f
8hope of adding to the relic? of anqieot art
already discovered, and of detenriining I oaifc
ties which have Been su ejects of disctwioo
among antiquarians for nianjryears. Employment
is thus afforded toa large number of people
who. gain thejr bread by honest labpr
instead of annoying the passer-by with solicit*,
tions. Those who feel any interest in the elacidatinn
of mooted points in ancient history,
will approve the good taste of the authorities.
One who comes to Rome for the first time iq~
astonished to see the amount of debrit which1
has accumulated upon the surface, cohering2
many ancient monuments and coocealj?iy aft
that were not elevated above the Be
looks down upon the pedestals* of cbjumai?
descends into evcavations to enter tem^M ana
I churches, and bods himself almost, on a level,
with the top of some triumph^l drch. h wiuil^
almost seem as if Nature bad cast a' chsdr
covering over the spots whfch witnessed1 the'
glory of ancient Rome, that they might Oof be
profaned hy the degredation of the fkllea citjrl*
Lei us hope that as the Roman Fortffntt^eesT
cumbered of the load heaped upon it fn\.the
dark agos, the Roman people may dill off the.
burden which the ignorahep and superefitioffot
(hat period have led upon their shoulders/
American Orator* in,. Poland.?^sfr.
Charles Whitney, from the United States/ji delivering
lectures id, Lbridon oh . oratorjf.ftFthie
Now World; aria has, given the peculiarities
nnd eccentricities of America's principal ota*
tors. . H is lectufes hWe lieeri attended by nib',
ny distinguished members of Parliament fincl'
the riobility and gentry. The Duke of Wellington
volunteered to "create an interest'wfta
her majesty" in the subject, abd it. Was expected
Mr. VV. would be required to delivery lecture
before the Court at Buckingham Palace.
r> - '
nautmore arm.
The Hollowell Gazette in commenting on
the practice of "sitting at ch\i'rcH> m prayer
lime," says?"We reroepjber of* a good oW
minister who once prayed fervently for those
' Min? tnn nroud to
o| (no conRrt-gituuti ?no . !
kneel and too lazy to stand."
I "Its very well," says Mi. Dobbs, "for the
moral papers to keep saying, "don't gat into'a'
passion; but for my part, wben the nasty area;
Iture, Mr. I), goes, fo'bed with his boots oft, {
kind o'bfle over*
3 ? % >* '
I Sensible.?Nelson .Smith in'taking the
editorial charge oftho Pickens'(Ala.) Republican,
makes his salutatory as follows:
I "The uhdersignedf. jrttb hits become a'
joint proprietorof the Republican, will here*
after be its Editor. He has no long maniIfeslo
to mhk'e of What he will or will not gay'
land expects' to be j'uaged and patronkftd ftcV
cording to his deserts."
,M|