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ASPECT OF THE SLAVE QUESTION The proceedings of the Southern Conventio at Washington demonstrate that the opinion c the people generally of the South is in advanc of that of their representatives. The rosolu tions now before the Legislatures of Nortl Carolina and Virginia do not affirm more thai is 'alleged will form the substance of the Re pArt and Resolves which will be proposed fi ?cceptance by that Convention. To echo th< opinion of the South by a slender majority u the Committee, is to deprive the proceedi ngso all moral influence. Il were better that thi South should not have united their councils than that the result should be exhibited in Mtcl amiserable if not mischievous abortion. Wha political under current may exist to dufeat tin united consultation and proceedings of tin Southern Convention, is best known to thosi oliservers who are on the theatre of action but this is very evident, that if the purpose is tc arrest encroachment, the effect of divided coun nils will be to give it more comprehensive ef feet. The Abolition movement will be quick ened. The Free Soilers will be emboldenec to fiillow up their victory, in excluding slaver) .from the territories, by the more signal triumph , of prohibiting the sale of slaves and slaver) itself in the District of Columbia. The on!) means of checking the agitators is bv a moral demonstration which would be effectual in proportion to its unanimity. What is to be lost even on the score of moderation by the affirmance of recognized constitutional principles? If the South is not counselled to resist hy anything more forcible than a pro?est, what party will be hurt?what right violated?what safe usage or practice impugned? is not protest as much a right of the Stales collectively, as petition is that of the people individually? No one pretends that tho Committee in their report recommends a plan of action for the South. No one suggests that disunion lurks in a declaration of constitutional principles. On the contrary, to recall Con gressto the inviolability of those principles, if the Union is to be preserved, is one of the modes of its preservation. It substitutes persuasion for violence?the voice of truth and toarning for the accents of intemperance and the threats of disorganization. It is then strictly constitutional?ill accordance with the equality which should subsist between States confederated for mutual security?that an appea? should be made to the constitution in its primitive character and original spirit. But it is said the movement is premature.? JL<?t the ooutn hide her tune. LiCt nor wan for some overt act. What species of overt act is to form the casus belli, according to this ad vire? What violence done to the constitution between exclusion of slavery from the territories and depriving the Southern States of their slave "representation in Congress, by an amendment of the Constitution, is to form the real overt act? Now the party of Southern resistance do "not counsel such rash advice as to wait the occastons provocation of actual collision, when "the minds of men will be too heated and embittered to listen to reason or persuasion ; but to anticipate the possibility of conflict?to break the force of tho excitement which awakes the slumbering passions?by ? calm appeal to the principles of our Federal alliance, by protest, by warning, by the logic that appeals to the sense of mutual interest. What is called an Overt act in violation of Southern rights, it would be difficult, perhaps, to define. Would tpe advisers of this character deem the efforts of those States which have prevented the recovery within their territory, of fugitive slaves, unless by the officers of the U. S. Courts', overt acts? If tho Congress of the United States were to abolish slavery in the District cf Columbia, this might be deemed an overt act, but would It be more a violation of the i Federal compact than for those States to remain passive within whose limits slaves have escaped from Virginia, Maryland and Kentuc- I ky, when it is recollected that the Southern ( 1 J ? - I -I ?T otaies wouia never nave en'erea me union un- l leis pbsTtTve stipulations had been formed to se* I cure their property, under the contingency which has so often occurred since the adoption < of the Constitution. I It appears, therefore, to us, that all right of i resistance, even of the most passive kind, is < surrendered, by refusing to make a Declaration f of Right under any violence done to the Federal Constitution. It seems that we are sacri- s ficing the highest interest of posterity, in not < saving them the necessity of a strugglo, on the t poor plea that it is the duty of the present gen* I eration, to postpone the period of resistance until the attack comes in such a shape as to aggravate injury and increase insult. We can percoivo no possible harm to the cause of r Union, of equal rights ander a Confederacy, c that a solemn Protest and Declaration should f issue from the assembled Representatives of (lie s South, couched in language equally removed p from threats or intemperance?dignified in tone, c but firm in defining those limits beyond which d encroachment shall not be permitted to pass. r Charleston Eve. Neves. c f A FRIEND IN NEED. 1 The colored race in this country never want- g ed friends more than they do at the present v lime?not professing friends, who calculate n how much political capital can be made by h being clamorous in their behalf, but true friends, who wish to see them comfortable, safe t and happy. When has Africa been happy? I Laboring under divine displeasure, a marked C and differently created race from the white tl man, always at war with each other in their f( own country, sold as slaves by our Northern tl ancestors, and purchased by the South to till v iho land, the only comfort, protection, security, d and safety which they have ever enjoyed since a they left the land of Cush, is in what is called c (heir slavery in the Southern Slates.; and this rr comfort and safety they are about to be robbed r< of by a host of sympathizing politicians, calling ' themselves free soil men and the friends of the C colored race. a, Here, at tho North, the poor blacks are not F permitted to work alongside of the white man. s< We redu-e ibein to the lowest gradest of civili. tr zaiion by making them our servants, or waiters, a and our dependants. Once they were permit, o] ted to follow the humble employment of carry, w ing up bricks and mortar, l?nt they were kick, u ed from the ladder by our white fellow.citizens. m They clean boots, scour clothes, but aro not .hi permitted to sweep streets?tbey do not own or lc command a ship; tbey are only cooks and ; stewards?they are not merchants, bankers, or tli broker*?tbey hold no public appointments, and ei are rudely thrust from our cars and carriages? ni we do not eai with thera or pray with them, ol and in our places of amusement there are pens w and divisions iu which they may sit by them* sc selves. Is it any wonder that th*?y arc poor, pt vicious, and the inmates of our hospitals and rn prisons? And yet we, who persecute, neglect ni and repodiate the free black man here, are hi filled with holy zeal to make the slave free at dt the South, and deprive birn of a home, of food rs and clothing, and ol a kind, considerate mas ter; and wo struggle for that freedom even at T ? the expense of breaking down, dividing, and J >f destroying our glorious republic! Well may ft the blacks say, 14 Save us from our friends 1 i- Save us from ihe pity and protection of the poll litical Abolitionists !" n What is to become of the poor free blacks when thrown upon thu world without protcc- ^ r tion, deprived of their happy home in the slave j a States, and of kind and sympathising masters? f The Governor of Virginia, in his late message f to the legislature, proposes to direct by law, J that the free blacks shall leave the State. True, Ci . they work but litile, and idleness is the parent fj ? of crime?true they corrupt the honest and in t? 1 dutrious slave, are useless themselves, and a J burden and injury to the State. The freedom i so essential to the whites, is to them an unbear- la > able burden. What, however, is to become of hi ; 100,000 poor, friendless, free blacks, driven ) from their own State to take refuge in the North, where are allowed them so few privile ges ? Suppose all the slave States weie to say th to their free blacks?"My friends we have given 2( I vou ernDlovrrent and bread, but vour abolition ' friends in the North are anxious for you to come o( ' forth from the iniquity that surrounds you?go ^ to them, and ?ce if they will do as much tor ' you as we have done What is to become of more than half a million of freed blacks ' driven forth to seek the cold charities of the North! They will starve! We of the North se will give thern no succor, no employment, and yet we are even in favor of rending our glori- er ous constitution to pieces in order to give them an liberty! When will the age of reason be re- uvived??We cannot rebuke the slave States in er ridding themselves of their free blacks, which tfj are a dead weight upon them ; and yet we g() dread the day when they shall be thrown upon the North for support and protection. Wher- .. ever we turn we see nothing in the agitation of 1 the slave question but ruin and distress to the su colored race. co A circumstanco occurred here last week, which has led to the foregoing reflections. Passing down Nassau street, three or four persons ^ - ii -. _ n!i were standing inside ot a store taiiung 10 a | ? black man, ond they invited us to come in.? an "Here is a black man," said one of the gen- | fro tleinen, "who wishes to sell himself as a slave str for S150." pre We entered the store, and saw a short stout the fellow, in rags, with a good countenance, and wa no indication of vice. ^ "Where do you belong V* "To New York. 1 was born hpre." "Don't you know that you cannot sell yourself as a slave in this State?" "What am I to do ? I can get no work; I j ^,a hare hai no breakfast; I am almost naked; no | leri one cares for me, and I have no Iricnd. Is it ties not better to have a good master whom I can sed work for, and who will care for me ?" 'J Here was an illustration of the practical jiav benevolence of domestic African slavery, while mr| it exhibited the rank hypocrisy of the aboli- ^Jej tionists. They could raise S2000 to purchuse j the liberty of two mullatto girls, and yet allowed a poor black to offer to sell himself as a uaj slave to save himself jrom starving in a lrcc 1 dc'! Nbrthern Slate !?y. Y. Times. Lip the Tub Methodist Ciiurcii Property Qugs- obu tion\?'I'he committee, consisting of .Messrs. fv. George Lane, Levi Scott, Lerny Wormstedt, amo and Jolni H. Power, appointed by the last wcr Methodist Episcopal General Conference, held 0f0 at Pittsburg, to whom was referred the propo- j ^ silion of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, relative to tha division of the Church re^)r property, have come to the following decision:? ' Having taken the advice ot eminent legal q< counsel, in compliance, with the direction of the late General Conference ol the Methodist Epis- . . copal Church, we are satisfied that no power ' which wo possess, whether corporate or other- truc wise, will warrant us to submit the claim made ^or< by you in behalf of the Methodist Episcopal ^oni Church, South, to a portion of the property of Add ihe Hook Concern of the Methodist Episcopal patr Church, to the decision of arbiters." beei A suit a? law for the recovery of property geog :laimed, is n ?w the proposed remedy of the Church South, and the case will, therefore, jU(jj( ipeedily corne before the Circuit Court of Ohio C(jrr| )r Now-York, and anon find its way to the c Supreme Court of the United States. This question of Arbitration was discussed Patri it the last National Conference, and a considirablo portion of the Delegates were for the j twe( :ommon distribution of a property which bar 1 "has )een obtained from a common source. ban! the DEATH OF COL. CROGHAN. men. " This distinguished officer died last eve. ling from the effect of a disease resembling ??? . (j c r < :holera, which he suffuod to remain upon him r fi or near two days, before calling in medical as. istanco. He was attacked on Saturday, but 4 aid 110 heed to his complaint till towards noon w'*? >n Monday, when his symptoms became so to listressing that medical aid was summoned, but tr'?l 10 relief cou'dbe had from the most skilful and guid< :onsiderate treatment. He lingered till night, more all, in the perfect possession of his faculties, wieh rVhen he felt the hand cf death upon him he ]? cf ;avo directions as to the disposition of his body 80m villi the greatest calmness, intrusted various jn riessages with surrounding friends, and closed r .... *^? men is eyes forever, i, "Colonel Croghan was the son of Major m? f Villiatn Croghan, of the revolutionary war. nort': lis mother was the sister of the celebrated on leneral George Rogers Clark, who overran self; lie Northwestern Territory during the struggle ment >r American independence, and achieved for and d lie United States the title by conquest by U|)0Il vhicli that immense tract of country, now sub- tjjem ivided into States and teeming with a thrifty gu nd hardy population, became a part of this ftalur onfoderacy. Both upon the father anil the lolher's side he inherited the blood of the 00,1,1 evolution. '' "Upon the breaking out of the last war, are Cl Jul. Croghan entered the army. At the early to tb< ge of nineteen he made the gallant defence of their i ort Sandusky. By this brilliant feat he in- gress :ribed his name upon the scroll of fame. He firm, larried and resigned his commission shortly njdi , fter the peace. But during the administration tjie B f Gen. Jarkson he returned to the service ^av(J itli the commission of inspector general, which ^ ^ as tendered to him by that illustrious comtandor. lie held this office up to the. time of 8 ort is death. He was in 1m9 filty-ninthyear, and we ec aves behind him a wife and family. nent " It was scarcely hoped that he would live and ft irough the day yesterday. It was the glorious Tb< ghlh ol January, nnd as the booming of can- and tl >n wHiild ehuke the chamber of death, thoughts fr0m t " tho olden time would come over him, and he grcg8i ould straightway revive. He had heard such jzej r( >unds long ago, and they spoke to him of the c ist. Towards evening he weakened as the omenls wasted. He struggled through till rat,on ght closed upon the earth. The military had ed their last salute in honor of the expiring our iy. When its echoes had ceased to raverbe- wiscile, the hero of Sandusky was dust." bread jY. 0. Picayune, i a glori rHE CAMDEN JOURNA Wednesday .Horning* January 3l, 1849. W. T1IURLOW CASTON, EDITOR. U"The Editor of the Journal will be absi oin the St&tc for a few weekp, during which ! uties will be attended to by a friend. The 3Iarkets. We have no change to notice In the price otton since our last. There has been little or tiling off in the supply. We continue the quo itions of last week?-5 to Charleston, Jan. 29. The cotton rnaakot was very quiet on Saturd ist, the transactions having been limited to 7 ales, at 5| to 7. Onr Town. We remember to have heard, that a Director le Rail Road was astonished to hear that upwat )00 packages of Merchandize had been receiv the Depot here in one day. For the informati ' those at a distance who are in the habit linking of our venerable Town, as an insigni mt place, we beg leave to state, that more th lirty thousand bales of cotton have been alrea lipped on the Camden Branch Rail Road tl lason. This is the number assumed as the ma: urn of yearly receipts by the proprietors ot ll iterprise; and yet we are assured by intellige id extensive Dealers in Cotton, that this amou ill be at least doubled. Besides this., the Steal Wateree has made a number of successf ips, carrying a full freight of Cotton. Oi reets are crowded with wagons and present ast lively appearance of business ; and we hai tie doubt that our Market will continue toaffbi ch inducements to the Planter as to insure tl ntinuarice of this increased trade. The Temperance Celebration. On Friday last, cur town was enlivened by mcrous procession of the Sons of Temperanc d Coid Water Army. The Division of the Sor mSumterville arrived here, nearly one hundre ong, by an extra train at 11 o'clock, A, M. Th >cession was formed at Masonic Hall, vvher s Grand Division and Wateree Division were i iting, and was conducted to the Presbyteria urcli by Maj. K. S. Moffat and F. L. Villepigui q., Marshal Is appointed for the occasion, wher lasterly address was delivered by Rev. Thoina Russell, a member of the order. We regre t so few of our ciiizens were present 011 this in eating occasion, as it is not often thatopportuni i are afforded us of hearing this subject discus in so able a manner. rhe Sumter Division left the same afternoon ing excited (be admiration of all, by this testi iy of their zeal in this good cause, afforded b; ir flying visit. n the evening, another very interesting meeting ; held at ? ;? same p!.'<ce, where addresses wert vergd by the Rev. W. T, Capers, Rev. Mr pard, of Lexington, and Mr. G. W. Garmany G. W. P. of the order, Many signatures were lined to the Pledge of the Washington Socioand a general feeling of enthusiasm excited >ng the friends of Temperance generally. We f particularly pleased to see so Urge a number nr fellow citizens in the ranks of Wateree Dian, and to recognize in the Cold Water Army, csentatives of nearly every family of this place. North and South. hat these great sections of our country should :rally occupy an adverse and anlagouistical atle each to the other, is as much opposed to the interests of both, as it is to be regretted.? ?sliudowed by the prophetic and warning wisof the Father of his country in his Farewell rcss, it would seem that a combination of true iotism, and wise statesmanship, would have i accomplished to secure our safety from these graphic divisions, against which, we were so fully warned. 0:i the contrary, sectional pre :es have ever been fostered by designing and jpt politicians, as the lood of parly subsise, at the expense of every sentiment of true otism. he great Tariff* issue was but a struggle be;n North and South; and now Abolitionism reared his proud front" upon the Potomac's ts, and sounded a war-blast destined to shake nation to its extremes?to fire the passions of ?to sever the ties of brotherhood?to place eon north and south, a cloud of prejudice, anind hatred, never to be dispelled, we fear, but ;rcc and dangerous tempests, jarful indeed, is the responsibility of that man agitates this element of evil, thus calculated istroy the fair fabrick inherited from our pafathers, however honest he may be in his mised and erroneous opinions ; but how much i awful the impending doom of the traitor who id this implement of death, knowing its dcadfecte?with savage ferocity, smiting the boof bia mother for the assassin's reward ! f kio /?n t ft rrr\ sir ii>a on avi aaii! kn xn Lina vaivj^wi j | n c ouiu OUUUICI II as foster divisions among their brethren, urg[uiet submission to "the vilest insults of the t, hearing the bitterest and fiercest curses uplose who would have the south true to Iierand all this, tor the 6ake of party advance. Jf any one doubts that southern men can, o, occupy such a position, he is not informed facts so painfully apparent, that they force selves u|>on the ino6t incredulous, t we thank God, this stale of things, so unal, 60 revolting to moral sense cannot long nue. The crisis is arriving, nay, is at hand? isue is upon us?it must be met now, or we rushed forever. The States "are gathering j fray," north and south. Resolutions trom Beveral Legislatures ooiue pouring into Con. Fierco, angry and insulting from the one; sorrowful, but defiant on the other. Virgiloble Virginia, ever faithful, ever true, leads outhern phalanx; the Carolinas and Florida already wheeled into line, and now there can donbtthat the south will unite at some point of absolute degradation. In this, we think ie the safely of the Union, and the permasettlement of this dangerous question, now >rever. e violent tone of some of tlie "northern papers, ie no less violent resolutions and memorials he northern states, recently laid before Conwill have more effect in producing an organe6istance at the south, than any thing else Wo begin to realize that from their modei we have nought to hope. i south united, the Union may be saved and onor preserved. But should rt prove other-should this excitement have so widened the 1 that it can never be healed, ire believe that iouF career will open to the Southern Repub 1* lie. Possessing a bond of union superior to oth or conflicting interests, producing the three gre staples of trade, Cotton, Rice and Sugar, she coi establish her foreign relations on her own tern Above all, animated by the spirit of our anceeto == we would be invincible by any foe, and like the ;nt "conscious of the rectitude of our intentions," o b's happiness and prosperity as a nation could not equalled. Perhaps we cannot belter close this article th ?f by the following extracts from northern papers no recent date? ta* "Congress?Congress h?as yet done not ing but talk, which, considering its choice subject, is the best thing it possibly could do.lay We hold that the session thus far, inasmuch ^ it has been spent in discussing the question slavery, is. on the whole, rather the most prof able one that has occurred lor many years. , has done something towards bringing affairs OI a crisis. The formation or the Southern Cor mitfee, is in itself, a great step gained. A ed cording to the letter writers at Washingto on that will probably end in talk?vox et preteri of nihil?as all Southern threats are, if the Norl fi. only knew it, nnd could get over her trick of b an ing frightened. And this very meeting may t dy much to cure her. If the South ever means jj8 do any thing it is her time NOW. If she fa . ters at the outset, will she stand steadily at lb shockJ And if she trembles and falls back, tl "s North will advance, and slavery will be alio nt ished in good time, or the Union dissolved. nt will then be quite another sort of vox thenn the mr aJJuesit faucibus?with the South wht ul the North begins to threaten disunion. ur This only equalled by the following, from th a Philadelphia Ledger: /e Southern- Foli.v.?We lauph reluctantb rd but we must laugh at the position assumed ri ie cently by the South. If they are wrong, the are in all things wrong. Does the South dar to think that we fear it? Does it dream tha we of the ice-born North, have weaker nerve a or more unworthy motives to action, than th ;e sturdiest of the South? If this be the issue, It ,8 them look to it. The rivers of our hemispher ,j flow to the South. The destinies of our worl ie sought the same direction. All the past ha proved it. Asia has ever been at the fool o 0 Northern conquerors; and even the weil ceinen n ted empire of Caesar was bowed down, wiili al n its honors, before the torrent strength of thi North. e s Wo regret to state (says llic Columbia Telegraph t that tlio Hon. Wji. C. Preston lias been seriously in r disposed for lire lust few days, but was considcrei . belter by bis physicians last evening. His attack h ' been of a most critical character; but we sincerib trust that the danger is now over, and that be may bi long spared to a community and State wbich prizi '* biin for bis genius and moral worth, and to the lnstiti lion of which he has been the fostering parent, f His illness has cast a gloom over our community for wc al! know that for qualities both of head anc 1 heart, this generation Can present but few peers to tin ; | statesmen, Wm, C. Pumto.n?and w<? who have sect . him in tho walks of daily lifo. have learned equally lc t love the man The threatened loss of our two great. , est men at the same moment presents a strange coin. cidcnce. Wc can at present ill spare either, Tde Edgefield Advertiser lias come under the editorial control of \V. C. Moragnc, Esq., late 1st Lieut of the Company ol Volunteers from that District, in the Mexican war, which post he filled with honor and usefulness. He is a gentleman of reputed talent, and writes well. lie declares his attachment to the H)ld Republican School of '93," and ably vindicates the rights of the South on the Proviso question. Judge S. Heydenfeldt has written a long Address to Gov. Chapman of Ala. to prove that slave labor is superabundant in that Stale, and consequently, that immigration of slaves thither should be prevented by Law. lie argues his subject ably and snya that this is the true reason why the South should resist the Wilmol Proviso at all hazzards, as it is only to these countries we can look to receive our surp us. There is much truth in his posilions, and the subject is one that cannot be too closely examined. They pay for drinks in California hi Gold dust? A pinch a drink. It is said a practised Grog-seller can pinch the purchaser at the rate of ?8 per drink. XT The Blazing Star, spoken of by the papers as a most remarkable phenomenon, and supposed to be a burning planet, proves to be the well known star Canopus, of the constellation Argo Navis, once worshipped by the ancient Egyptians, Arabians and other Eastern nutirfns. Its strange motion and appearance may be readily accounted for by its being so near the horizon, and the refraction of light, together with the vapots of the earth and air passing between it and the human vision. For the Camden Journal. TUB SOUTH CAROLINA RAIL ROAD. Mr. Editor,?The low grumblings which have been heard for Ihe last week or (wo ; like ihose which precede the more violent eruptions of avVoteano, give sufficient indication of the tempest which is about to burst over the devoted heads of tho Direction of the South Carolina Rail Road. Our attcution has been called to this matter, by tlio confased and somewhat contradictory article with which a "Stockhold. er" in the Charleston Courier of 22d January, prefaces a letter from the Baltimore correspondent of the Evening News. In one breath he talks about building new roads?replacing the old rails with new and [ heavier iron?working our way round the inclined plane?building new workshops and depots?declnring large dividends, but without saying one word as to where the means are to bo procured for making such heavy expenditures. Verily, Mr. Editor, one would suppose that the Board could'stretch a long arm into the Mines of California and shovel golden eagles into tho pockets of the Stockholders, without tho expense of making a road to get there. He then winds up with a very significant growl about Grand Western Extensions. Me complains that the Board have, under the orders of the Stockholders, conrtnrctcd tho Camden Brnnch, and that they have used the income of the Company in doing so, liecause the Stockholders have faifed to provide the means. Lot us see what the Camden Branch is. Six miles of the Hamburg Road were completed in 1830, and the whole Road to Hamburg was finished about 1st October 1833. In May 183T, the receipts from business were 81200; from that time up to the 31st Dec. 1833?2 years and*8 months, the total receipts from the business of the Road were 844,070.73, no report of the nnmber of bales of cotton; but during the next year, the whole Road b?*ing in i operation 24,567 bales were carried to Charleston. Tho Rond cost Ht that time 8951,000? i including Machinery, Aic. . Tho Columbia Rond was opened to Orange- I burg about the end of June 1840, and finished i . ' T :"V. er to Columbia JutiF 1842; The Receipt* of the sat Branch up to that time?2 years?were i)d $30,638, or the income to the Company from 18> the business of the Branch was about $60,000. rg Number of bales of cotton carried to Charles. ' ton from the Branch 6.669.?Length of Road 67mile*? and cost at the time of completion, ur including cost of survey above Colombia and but exclusive of machinery $2,583,000. The Camden Branch was opened to tMiddlean ton?10 miles?about 1st April 1848, and to of Camden about 1st November 1848. The gross income to the Company from the business h. of this Branch up to 31st December was of $46,000?and of Cotton 19,500 bales?being _ for nine months from the first opening of the as Road. The Branch is 37 miles long and cost of including (say ($70,000 for) machinery and it. outfit $600,000?farther comment on this comIt parison is unnecessary. to A "Stockholder" gives a long list of works n- that ought to have been commenced seven c years ago, among other things "renewing the n, iron on the whole length of the. Hamburg Rnori " VV?i nrnctimu Kp rlirl nut mpan I hat th this work should have been commenced seven e- years ago or within two years after the present ]o rail was put down, that would have been an to imputation on the former Managers, which we /. suppose he did not intend. ie But let us make some estimate of the cost of ie the work a Stockholder says ought to have 1- been done within the last seven years. It " Renewing the iron on the whole ? Hamburg Road" at preseut pri71 ces?4 years ago the price of iron was double what it is now, ?600,000 ie "Crossing the Savannah"?low estimate, 50,000 " Working our way round the In* , clined Plane", 150,000 " Extending the Road to the g Wharves "?" Building new L)e. pots in Charleston "?" Work. lg shops, <kc., 160 000 ^ To |?p expended in seven years. ?960,000 or 9137.UUU per an u wry ne.irty equal 10 o j per cent on the Stock of the Company. Had the Board anticipated a Stockholder's wise r advice where would have l?pcn the Dividends? The correspondent of the Evening News in j saying that "Mr. M. Lane under unmistakable , b signs of dissatisfaction front prominent Stock, holders felt constrained to resign'' did not state i the tchole truth. j ^ The Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road was j commenced about the same lime as the S. C. i j L. & C. Rail Road, when very little was known ( on the subject ; They both had to wade through a series of very expensive experiments, and [ both now are just emerging from their difficul- < ties. Other work*, which have profited by | their experience, are now in successful opera- , lion, without having been subjected to the t expense of their predecessors. At the litne of t j their grealeot difficulties, the Stockholders of | the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company j ' sought for a suitable individual to navigate 1 their bark through the sturn ; such a person ? 1 they found in the Hon. Louis McLane, but just t as he was about to bring tho noble ship into < port, they hove him overboard leaving his sue- | cessor to reap the fruits of his toil and his r genius. We nro not willing to believe that J the Stockholders of (lie South Carolina Rail t . Road Company, have the will or intention, as a r "Stockholder" would have .-us believe, lo follow j their illiberal example, by ,driving from the administration of our afiairs, those, whose de* e vol ion and experience,, render best able to s serve our interest. , r CAMDEN BRANCH. .| t ' a Professor Brumby.?The new Professor h of Chemistr) in our College arrived here with p his family on Saiurday evening last, and will, ij we presume, immediately enter upon the per- u lormanco of his duties. He has the reputation } of being well qualified for his post, and may bo regarded as a valuable acquisition to our Cob lege and City. As an old graduate, he cannot he considered, and should not feel himself, a f, stranger here. He is welcome back lo us, for di our common mother can ill spare at present t| any of her sons calculated to do credit to sj her.?Columbia Telegraph. ' c Tiif. Growth op Our Country.?The Lou- jr don Times, in its criticism upon Mr. Polk's Message, says: "We can however, add that Mr. in P. has given an account of American progress p< which will excite the interest and the nduiira* a tion ol the Old World. In the history of States there never was anything so rapid, and never e: did a preternatual growth appear to rest on so n solid a foundation. All that one has ever read Jt of families multiplied as the sands on the seashore, of swarming tribes, of rising cities, and o! prosperous common wealths, seems concentrated ci and magn fied in this modern prodigy, whose or ' Anglo-Saxon origin suggosts in us so many re- to "rets and not a little Dfide." si> -? tp Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun. PJ Washington, Jail. 21, 1849. de The Southern Committee, lust night, adopted bt the address of Mr. Calhoun, as amended by w] Mr. Berrien and others. It is now an address pr to the Union, and not to a particular section of 0f the country, and in its present tone quite unob. a? jectionahle. Instead of appealing to the fears of the North, it appeals to their patriotism?a }? quality which, it is to be hoped, is more largely Vv< developed iu Americans than that most despica. pr ble of all incentives to action?fear.. Mild as the address is, it is still doubtful qt, whether k will be generally signed ; 1 am of (hi opinion that it will not. Maryland, Delaware, tIn Kentucky, Tennessee, Florida, (as far as she r|t has spoken in her late elections,) and last, d,, though not least, in the consideration of the tin Union, Texas have expressed their dissatisfac- it tion with all ultra measures. If they now, rnr through their Representatives here, adhere to the address, it will only be because of its mo te< deration, which, of course, defeats the ulterior ifo object?if such alone existed?of the framers ;M, of the first address. The whole exparte move- frtJ ment may be looked upon as a signal failure. sot Mr. Calhoun is seriously indisposed ; hut n0 his friends believe that ho will soon be able to thn resume his duties in the Senate. p<v The late news from California has set every {Jj body crazy here, and railroad schemes again coi ulwiimr) Tl ic clear thn? ihnl which nrnmises .i. to be immediately available will be that which be< must receive the most favor. X. hei ? fre Washington, Jan. 21, 1849. The address of Mr. Calhoun, modified by Mr. Berrien, to obviate the objections made in the Convention of Monday evening last, was ] concurred in by the Committee last evening, of I unanimously. It will be signed, hot not gener- spr ally, by Southern members, on Monday eve- tuti ning, and immediately issued, in cxtenso, to the jshi whole people of the United States, without tori sectional distinction. It embraces, essentially, ver the doctrines and declarations of Mr. Calhoun's Th iddrcss; but modifies it, in regard to tho appli- fojt cation to the whole north, confining the objec. tiouable,"/tortA?r?" parte to the **abolition till" exclusively. Mr. Calhoun was much belter yesterday, and is still letter to-day. His case is one of catalepsy, rather than of apoplexy-?a want of the proper circulation necessary to sustain the sys? tent, rather than of excessive circulation?of a tendency of blood to the head, dec. ' His attack lias been caused by the injudicious calls of frie/iJ?, at objectionable hours, keeping bim up, often, until after twelve at night, and also by his great exertions, recently, mentally and physically, connected not only with his official but with his duties in the preparation of (he Address to the South. He will be well, in a day or two, if he is "let alone." 11. Washington, Jan. 24. We learn from the South, that great excitement prevails almost universally, on the slavery question. The proceedings of the Soothern meet in??, are the subject of de#>n frolino a?wt ?- ; < - - ? r -? ?& interest. Dissolution of the Union is every ^where familiarly talked of, and its advantage's lo the South dwelt upon. This state of feeling will he much encouraged by the adoption of Mr. Calhoun's report. That report will, in all probability, aooo ri?ceive the signatures of all the democratic and even some of the whig members who are now hesitating or reluc ant to cnuntenauce.it. Popular sentiment at the South may compel them to do it. Thus the southern meeting acts upon popular sentiment, and public sentiment acts upon the meeting. It is vain to say that, under such circumstances, the Union is not in danger. Any one can see from the tone of the remarks even of grave Senators, in the debate on Momlay, that there exists a settled hostility against the Union ; which is not easily to be appeased, and which might, if a little aggravated by imprudent legis. lation on the part of Congress, soon end in an nrfToniintiAn ?*l tl?a C!i? ?'i luw w?wui lir I II OICMCa HI III ? Ol'pH* rate confederacy. It is possible that the proceedings of, the Southern members will serve to prolong the existence of the Union, and preserve its tranquility. Mr. Calhoun's opinion was that re* sisiatire, at this time, by the united South, would have that effect. The movement has certainly had some good effect already, ft has brought the (louse to a halt. It has defeated the Wilmot proviso, and all interference with slavery in the District at this session. There are too many wbigs, Northern and Southern, seeking offices to allow of any immediate measures tending to promote a dissolution of the Union. . It is now thought that Congress will get rid if these questions by the admission of Caltforiia, as a Slate, at this or the next session, by establishing the Territory of New-Mexico, at he next session, without the slavery restricion ; and by extending over the Di?triet ?f Coumhia the laws of Maryland, so far as (hey vgulate the traffic in slaves. The Northern people, it is known, would be latisfied to let slavery in the District alone, if he "slave pens " (so called] could l?e abolishid ; and they could not exist under Maryland aw. The Northern rupmhera, after the ad. nission of California as a State?knowing that t will be a free State?will be willing to exend a government over New-Mexico without est: ir ion, trusting to the probability that the nhabitants will exclude slavery. > A new proposition?but one too wild and xtratft.'anf for success?has been started to i-ttle the territorial question, by refusing to ecognise the Mexican tejritory as any pert of he Union, by any law whatever. Tbe Whigs, * a bodv, took this ground at the close of. lho ite session, but many of them are -now disused to go on and comply with all the stipulaions of the treaty oI peace, which look In the Itirnnte admission of California aud New. lexico into the Union. ION. W.qBL\oTo5, Jan. 25. Mr. Douglass' substitute for his original bill >r the admission of California as an indepen- s ant State into the Union, came up to day inie Senate, and produced a very happy impreson. The bill provides? 1st. That Congress give its assent to tbe >ming in of California as a State of this Union, om and after the 4th of July next. 2d. That the acting govern ?r of the territory i the meantime call a convention, for the. pur. ise of framing a constitution and establishing State government. 3d. That the laws ofthe United States lie (tended over it, and the Slate lie allowed one preventative in Congress, (of course, indepen. nt of two Senators.) The bill in its present aspect, is perfectly tintjection.ilile, even to the extreme hyper-criti. sin of Mr. Berrien and Mr. Butler, and is the j'y nutionul compromise that can lie agreed between the north and the south during this ssinn. The question of slavery in the new rritories will never be settled by caocusse*, : parte decisions of conventions, and abstract iclarations of faith or paradoxies; it can only ! settled by wise and practical legislation, hich shall admit of an historical solution of the oblem in the course ofliine, and as the result the Duculiar circumstances of the case. States id Empires have, like iudividuals ati historical neration, birth, growth anddeclinp, which it the business of statesmen to consider! if they Duld lay claims to more than mere' doctrinal nfessoiships on abstract questions. Mr. Douglass' bill endeavors to eliminate the est ion of slavery from Congress, and in this I ink consists the chief merit of the bill. Let i question bo settled by the pecq^e of the terory, and give them at once the privilege o ing so, as in the view of the fact that emigre^ n is pouring in from all quarters of this Union is evident that they will have a right to de> tnd it in less than a year. The reference of the bill to r select commiti of seven, to be appointed by the Presulcut of Senate, was very apropos and felicitous ? r. Dallas' devotion to the irkole country, his edom from all sectional prejudices, and hi* iud judgment, are well known, and have at time been better appreciated than now, so it the appointment of the cornmitte came with rticular grace from the Vice President oi the lion. The views of the members of the minittee are well balanced, and a better eon* Nation of sensible men could scarcely have sn selected. 'i*he state of Mr. Calhoun's nith required that he should not be taxed with sh labor. Curre*flatulence a(ihe Charlwtpo Mercury. Washington Crry, Jan. 22 1849. [ must refer you to the reports for an account :he animated and interesting (imitate which ung op in the Senate to day, on the preteq. Ion, by Mr. Dix, of the Resolve* of the Log ture of New York, in relation to the Terri. ies of California and New Mexico, and iday in them and in ihe District of Cotumbia. e debate was entirely unexpected, and there. 3 the most interesting, as having about it