University of South Carolina Libraries
_ ^ ^ ... ^ ... _.TT--. *~ ^ ^ ' ' ' ' " ^ " ' ' ' _ ^ " ' ' ' _ ^ ^ ? ' ' '' ''' ' ' ^ . ' ' BY W. A. LEE AND IIUGII WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., Fit IDA Y. OCTOBER 0, 1SGS. VOLUME XVI?NO. 24. Gold Boating. Th"! origin of this art is not known, |mt it seems to bo of sotno antiquity. It was known in Greece, and is mentioned bj- Homer. The ancient Peruvians mado very thin sheets of gold, and nailed them togother on tho walls of their temples. On tho coflius ofi tho Theban mummios, ppccitncns of ! i p * -.? ? t -? i uni^iuui iuui mo mut wild, wnuro ilie | gold is in ho thin :i state that, it re- J fjcmblcs modern gilding. Tho art J tieemd to have been practiced in India, j as thero are rudj specimen4! of gilding j at Tippo Sahib's )>alaco at Bungtdor". The thicknoss of the loaf is spoken of by Martial as like a vapor, and by Lucretius it is compared to a spider's web. From a description by J'liny, of Koman gilding, tho thinness of the leaf boro no comparison with that of tho modern gold beater, liy his account, an ounce of gold was made in to seven hundred and fifty leaves, each four fingers equaiv. This is about t.hrim* timAQ f.l?r% ihir?lrno?Q r\f i)\(\ ln??#'I now in common u.se; but Roino quali- ! ties aretso thin, that two hundred nod j iiinety thousand tdioets make a pile J only or.o inch in height; and speei- j mens bavo been made only one three i hundred and sixt}-seven thousand and live hundredths of an ii.ch i:i thickik:sh, v.hich is one thousand two hundred times thinner than ordinary printing paper. The thinnest gold leaf of French manufacture, is not thicker than tho four hundred and j eighty thousandth part of an inch, I that of the English is about the three ; hundred thousandth part. To prepare the gold for bcalinjr, it j is melted in a black load crucible, with I borax, in a wind furnace, and as soon j as it is in perfect fusion, it is poured j iinu an nun iiiuuiij, eia. or cit^ni inches long, three quarters of an inch wide, previously greased and heated, ho as to make the groaso run and j Bint Ice, but not so as to ll.ime. When j i he ijold is fix d and solfd. it is mad*.' red hot, to burn otf tho unctuous mat- J ier, and then forged into a long plalo, I which is farther extended by pussir.g !1 it between polished steel rollera, till it j becomes no thicker than a ribbon, or ; a sheet of paper. The plate, or rib bon as it is callyJ, is carefully dividcl by compasses, and cut by shears into tqual equaro pieces; each of these 40 U^Ul J nvi ?\UU I'J il(%ui;iiv;i U II | tho anvil lili il id one inch square, and id then annealed, to coirect tho rig'di ty acquii ed by tho lorging and flatting mill, each pieco weighing about six grains, and thorefire in this slate, being about one seven hundred and sixtieth of an inch in thickness, one hundred and fifty ot them weighing two ounccs, tho quantity commonly opcraUd on at a time. These ax*y now to be extendod by beating; and to eftjet this, it is nee cnt?ary to interpose Bomo smooth body between and tho hammer, (or tlio purposo of softening tlio blow, and delonding tho gold from its immediate action, as also to place bet ween every one of the plates Home intermediate Bubstaneo, which, while it prevents their uniting together, may sulfor thorn to extend freely. These objects are attained by means of certain animal membranes: tho<e are ot three | kinds, and used for different purposes. First, Tho outside cover is commonly parchment, tnado ot sheepskin. Secondly, For interlaying with tho gold in tho early state of tho piocess, they use fino vellum, mado of cali-dcin; and, Thirdly, For the latter part of the operation they uso tho iutostineb of oxen, which aro slit open, and prepared for this purpose only, and henco called gold-beater's skin. Tho manufaeturo of this article is a soe'rot, which, it is paid, only five men in tho world now know. Tho art of preparing it baB brought a fortune to the manufacturers. Wickutead, of London, attained tho highoBt porfoc tioo in the art in tho last gonoration, and promised to leavo tho soorot lo a relative at his doath-bod. In bisd}ing gasp, ho called tho relative to his lo opon tho mystery, but died, and it remained still a secret. F. Puckridgo, of London, is tho most celebrated maker now. With great perstvoranco and exponse, bo suceecdod in pcrfocting tho art. Ho tins promised, it is said, to reveal tho Bocrot to his nephow. The bed on wbioh tho gold is beaten, is a smooth block of black marble. weli/hinff from Lhraa hundred in 9 0?- o "V six hundred pounds, about nine inches square on iho uppor surface, litted into a wooden frarao two loot tquaro, bo that tbo fiamoand marblo surface are one level. The back and both sides aro furnished with a high ledge and the front, which is open, ha? a . >. leather flap fastoned to it, which the gold beater uses as an apron for pre~ aorving'the. fragments of the gold which may fall oif. The only tools * urc three hammers, having round and somewhat convex faces; tho first or heaviest, callcd tho culch hammer, is nbout four inches in diameter, nnd weighs from seventeen to twenty-five pounds; the second id called tlio h1?odering hammer, and weighs about twelve pounds, having the same diameter; and the third, still nearly of the same diameter, weighs about ten pounds. Tho square pieces of goll? one hundred and fifty in number? above mentioned, nro interlaid with leaves of vellum, about throe or four inebes square, otio leaf laid between every two, and about twenty more are laiu on the outside. Over these in drawn a parchment ca.se, open at both ends; and over these another, in a contrary direction, bj that the voli,... i , ..? .,..1,1 . tu hi tin vi vi ^?'?u iii'j ti^tib and ehise. The whole is then beaten alternately will? the right mid left, hands with the heaviest of the throe hummer*, which rebounds l>y the elasticity of the shin, and saves the labor of lilting, till the gold in extended to tho breudih of tho vellum. Jvach leaf is then taken out by a delicate pair of whilowood pincers and eul into four pieccs with a.steel knife, and put between the skins of a unhodor," four and a half inchcs square, j and thucc-quarlcrs of an inch thick,"j containing about :?*ivcn hundred skins, ! which havo been worn out in tho tin ishing process. The beating is then repeated with the lighte r hammer for two hours. As tho gold wili spread j uiuqnally, the "r hodcr" 13 beaten up- j on, after ihe larger leaven hare roach-! ud the edg<'9. 'J ho effect of litis is, | that llio larger loaves come out of the i i d^es in a .-.la to of d jst. This allows time for tiie smaller loavrs to roach j the full bizo of the "Bhodcr," thus pro- | ducintf u fjencral ovccucjs of the s:ze of tho K avca. Kach leaf is acrr.in cut into four picC!.s, and placed between the loaves of a mould composed of about nine hundivJ of the finest skins, fivo inches f-quuro, and 111 reo-<j carters of an inch iliie.lv; this is the last ai.d most dillieull htago of t!ie process ; and on tlie tinenus-s of tl.o hlcin and judgment of tho woiksnan, th-j perfection and thinness of the leaf of jroM depend. Ihi- ! ring the first hour the hammer in ul? lowed to fall principally upon the ceiitie of tiic mould. This causes -japing cracks upon tlio edges ol' the leaves, the sides ui which readily to:ile co and unite without leaving any trace of the union after being beaten upon. At tho second hour, when the gold is about tlio ono hundred and fifty thousandth of an inch in thickness, it for tho first time permits the transmission of the rays of light. In pure gold, or gold but slightly alloyed i the green ra^s are transmitted; and I in gold highly alloyed with silver, the pale violet rays pass. Tho mould llion requires in all about four hours beating with a seven poutul hammer, when tbo gold will havo arrived at tho ordinary thinners for tho g^ld le;sf ol T . f ? 1 - - i* commerce. xi. is men laicon out 01 tho mould, and the rough edges arc cut oil' by Blips ot ralan fixed in parallel grooves of an ifiSlnuiient cailod a "wagon," tho leal* to be laid on a leather cushion for that purpose. Tho leaves thus prepared aro placcd in a bo^k eapablo of holding twenty-live leaves each, which havo bcon rubbed over with red ochre, to prevont tho gold clinging to the paper. Tho dryness of the cutch, shodcr, and mould is a matter of extrotno im ru?JUirO to UO UOlprcssed every timo they aro used, although th'oy may bo used daily, to rcraovo tho tnoisturo which they aeqniro from tho atmosphere, cxeept in extremely frosty weather, whou they aoquiro so little moisture that then a dilliculty ariece from their ovor-dryuess; tho brillianoy of tho gold is diminished, and it epvoada vory slowly under tho hammer. On the contrary if tho cuteh or Bhodor be damp, the k'old will bccomo that which i.s technically termed hollow or fciovo-likc? that if, it is pierced with innumerable small holes, and in tho moulds in its moro attenuated state, it becomes reduced to a pulverulent state. This condition is more easily producod in alloyod gold than in fino gold. It 18 necessary that; cach fckin of the mould should bo rubbed ovor with culeir.od gypsum cach time the mould may bo used, in order to prevent the udhesion of tho gold to the surface ol tho skin in the processor beating. Gold used for boating is never quite pure, because pure gold is too ductile to be workod botweon the gold boa tor's skin; tho finest gold for tho pur poso has three grains of alloy in th( ounce, find tho coarsest twelve grains But in gonoral, tho alloy is about eta grains to the ouneo, or one-eightietl part. The alloy is;8ilver or copper; 01 both, and the color produced is of va rioua tints accQrdingly. Two ounce* and two pennyweights of gold mo] delivered by the foreman to tlie woik- j man, who, if fekillul, will return twen- | ly thousand leaves, or eighty bo??U:-, together with ono ounce and fix penny weights ot' cuttings. The leaf in this perfection .is bo i thin that a hair of the head failing in ! between the*leaves and the tool will ; cut leu or twelve ol the haves. And, ; although this leal' is tin) thi:nie!3t .-ub- ! stance known to science, it in perfectly j air-tight.. <r> * Sorrows of Chiidiiood There are parents who deliberately [ lav themseivi's out t>> tornuiil tli.-ir; j children. There arc two classsc > of j parents who a;v Uio mo<t inexorably : cruel ami malignant; il is hard t?? say whicii cla>.s excels, but il is eer'ain j j tlial'bollt flashes exceed all extri:or- j j dinary mortals. (Jno i.; the u11< r'y j blackguard : the parents about \\ hoi.i ! there is no good no preten >c of good. j The other is the wrong headed !y eunscienliou-x and religious. You may find parents who, having started from an humble origin, bavin;; attained to wealth, and who, instead of being glad to think that tlicit* children are better oil' than they themselves were, exhibit a diabolical .jealousy of their children. You will llnd such wretched beings insisting that tln-ii* children will go through needless trials and mortifications, becan-'u they themselves v.*.'ill tli:*oii*r!i the like. "Why, .1 do not he.ilale. t?.? say that one of the twhki: would powerfully Ictt?I a worthy mail to value materia! prosperity, would I if the thought 11.L his hoys would li.'ivu :i fairer, happier ."tart iii !:I* j t hati lit* had, and would l:o saved t iiv | many diHieultie.s on which hi! still looks back with pain. You avill find parents, especially parents of the Pharisaical and wrong-headedly rel:. -ic'tis class, who seem to hold it a f-acred duty to make the little things fiuhanpy;: v,*ho systeinatieally endeavor to render life as hare, ugly, and wi s. Idled a thing as possible; who never ji r.. int .. _ i j i * j ' ; i r VJ llivu- Cllli??rvil "VVIiyil It'.t'y UO i light, hut punish them with great ^e? ; verity when they do wrong; who j sot in to halo to see their children j lively or cheerful in their pivscnee: j who thoroughly repel all sympathy I or coiiiideiiec on the part of their i children, and then mention ai? a prool" that their children are possessed hy 1 the devil, that their chiidreii always j like to get away from them ; who rejoice to cut oil' any little enjoyment? rigidly carrying out into practice the fundamental prineii-le ol' their creed. which undoubtedly i:?, that "nobody i should ever please any hotly else, because iu either case he is sure to displease God." Then a great trouble, always pressing heavily on many a little mind, is that it is overtasked with lessons. You still seo here and there idiotic parents striving to make infant phenomena of their children, and recording with much pride how their childi i< oald read and write at an tin- j naltiraiiy early ago. Such parents j are Ibols beyond question. The great j use to which the first fiix or seven i years of life should bo given, is the j laying the foundation of a healthful | constitution in body and mind ; and j the instilling of those first principles j of duty and religion which do not | need to be taught out of any books, j -i- ?i - - - 11 _)t.?n u'j not perinanenuy injure the young brain and mind prematurely overtasking them,?even if you do not permanently blight the bodily health and break the mind's cheerful spring, j'ou gain nothing. Your child at fourteen 3*ears old is not a bit farther advanced in his education than a child "who be^an his years after him ; and the entire result of your stupid driving has been to overcloud sorno days which should havo been the happiest of his life. ThoSpaniiih naval forco off Cadiz has revolted. Tho generals recently banished havo roturned and joined the rovolt, which Marshall Do la Torro heads and* tho leaders of tho old O'l)onnel party sustain. Several towns 1 havo joined tho insurrection, and there is -intor.se panic at court. Troops havo beon sent southward under Gon1 oral Concha, and ft rumnr r?rfWRili?ri in Paris that Queen Isabella had abdicated. A rising was also reported in > Andalusia. > i#I A carpet-baggor in tho Louisiana Legislature thought to speculate in > .cotton lands. Ho was bitten, his i plantation turning out worthless; and c so, being intonsoly-loyal, procured tho i removal of tho parish seat to a fictif tious town, which" lio loeates right in the ccnrtro of his ^lands. Nothing ) pays like patriotism, after all. Over The River. Tills beautiful ]>ocui was j-ublished Kcvornl years ag?>, but it i-j koexquisitely beautiful that it wi'! bear republishing. It van written by Miss l'riest?ail will rocoguize it :u coining from a woman's he:".t. To those who have lost intimate friends?ami who has not??some of the allusions arc inexpressibly affecting. If rea?l a' evening twilight, many a moistened eye will f..Ir.w i 'ir> lines : Over the river tl < y 1 < :i ( *> r.io, 1,0Vol 111)':i who li iv<! j::isH'<l 1 '. ? other siJe, The "leatu of their snowy r ibts 1 sto, their voices are lost iu the dashing title, T!.ore's one with i t.- of tunny ?' !. And i! c lti-l liiui from morlul view. I \\V. saw in.I t! ssngcli who met him there ; Tho [--iii-s of The City we cu.tKl not tee ; Over iv? Iliver, over the i'livcr, !3- brother r.ady ! j welcome me. Over the l'lver, the bontni.in j-ilo, Carried nnoih'.-r?tlie h'nucJn' J jet ; Her bripht euils waived i:i I lie ::lle ga'c? Darling Minnie, 1 see h y. i She eroded on her bos >:n her dimpled hands, Altd feath-jdy e:i(erc<l the \> itmtoni bark ; We watched it ; '.i !e from th'j silver sands, And all our sunshine jrrew strangely dur'ft ! Wo know she Is safe on tlie other tide. Where till the ransomed and ang-Ii be; ' Over the lliver, tho Mystic llivcr, My childhood's idols are waiting for mo. For none rclnrn from the rjr.kf shores W ho cress with tin; boat man cold aud blue ; j Wo lie.".:- i!'C <lii> of thw ?*?! Irn oar.', We catli a gleam of the snowy sail, Assd, O, they have passed from our heart? They cioi^s I ho stream and arc gone lor nyu ? Wc catinol sunder the veil apart, That hides from our vision the gates of day ; We only I.now that their havl<s no more Shall s-'ni! with our3 on life's stormy sna, Yet somehow 1 hope >,n t lie unseen shore, They wulc't, tiud Lcuken, and wait, lor inc. And I set nr.d think when the rnnset's gold il-:sl.iii'.' liver, ami !.i!l and shore, 1 shall ciio d'iy stand by the water void, And 1 i ?! ! ) tho sound of the boatman's oar; 1 shall watch for the gleam of the flapping sail, ! 1 shall hear the h at as it gains tho strand, I thai! par--' f.ioai sight with ?lie 1 oat man pate To the better shore of the .c'piiit Laud : I shall know the loved who have gone before, Ami joyfully sweet will tl.e meeting be, Wlieu over the I'.iver, the peaceful lliver, The Angel of Death shall carry me I Conditions Necessary for Successful Agriculture. It.is becoming tnoro and moro apparent every your tl.at in order to succeed w< 11 i:i agricultural pursuits there must be certain favorable indicu:ion* lor the be.st sacoess, in fanning. lleiwc the doctrines ol* mixed and ppv-cial hasbat.div must in a certain clegiee vivid to llm liiilcr condition of tiling, It is ii!o lor tho cdLton growing yt'ates to compcto with the northern farmer in raiding winter apples, and because a man nunj rai.->u cotton in tlio .M id lie Slates, it is no reason why he should do it. special localities are adapted to special productions. The animal kingdom has its lixed geographical boundaries, m a so docs toe vegetable kingdom. But lhis is not all, nor is it by any menus tho most important consideration. Jn order to succeed well in cultiviiting any production ol value at the present clay, there must be intelligence, ilerico when any one community takes ups-heep husbandry, we lind tljat whole population familiar with the details ot the butunet-s In other words, they huve been educated to the buhinc.-H. Lot a nonce in the business take a tloclc of live hundred shoep, and the cbannfR are as .to ten to one that ho would make an entire failure in tho business ol' sluep raising, unlosn he had the benefit oj" his neighbors' experience. The sumo is true ol 'crchaiding. Some j poisons suppose it iuj ea^y thing to raino un orchard, but wo would rather uudertako lo fit a boy for collego than to teach him how to plant an orchard with the right kind of troop, and take caro of f hum in all their details till ho had a hand^omo and productive orchard. In a community whoro orcharding is made a buMnOhf, one 1 neighbor has tho bent fit of the others' j cxperi 71)00, and there by avoids mistaken that would othonvibo interfere witli his success. Men frequently have great fears that if tho town in u hieh they reside should devote its whole oncrgies to some Hpcc'ality tho market would bo over stocked. But ono town or ono country is only an item exccoding small in this great country. Still another advantage arisinir from thi* community of labor is tho acquired reputation a placo may bavo for good articlcH, and thus an extra price may bo obtained f^r every thing it niay bave for sale. Orange County butter had a reputation that demanded n "great advance in prico ovor other but tor i qually good. If a man now-a days buys a Vormount buck or horde ho must pay a round prieo for. it. If a man wants a Jorrey cow ho must 'go to Winthorp (or her and pay a great prico. A Jersey cow from any other placo would hardly bo worth looking at so long as ono is for salo frora that town. . licnco wo still nrguo tho propriety of muking a speciality in furming whore tho conditions aro favorable. Such communities aro always more I Si>^nr\nn/!anf. na (ammawa fPu**??? Miuv|>uiiuvuv My imuioio*' J. UUiU ill'U Aomo towns in this State best adapted for orchards, and tho moro tho pcoplo devote to it tbo bettor. If sheep have proved a sucoess, pursue tho basiness. A lew towns aa this State can do well at bop culture. Othors aro suporior grass districts. Now thcro aro many towns in thisStato where a man can raise two tonB of hay to the acre, and noil it at a goocl price with a ready market, more easily than other towns can raise 0110 ton to tho aero with a poor maikot. There arc many farms where mixed husbandry is bent, and probably thine are but low farms where exclusive attention to one thing wouM bo advisable. A man may have a good farm, yet it irt not adapt*, d to the raiding of frui? ; still.it may bo doaira' i; I' r him to have a few ajplo treos lbr l?U own ! nsi', su-d lie would do well to i.i;.!-: special effort, to secure a low u*ce.-s for1 tills i urju.se. We believe the future development < i' our agricultural re- J sources and tho wealth of our farmers | remu.o, jar^eiy aopeiul un careful adaption ol ouch locality fur lis be.it, product r>->.?JfjihC J'tirjiicr. J low T) F:r COI.I.MU TO IEOISKKS* ?J L is very lo liii'O a collar fit nicely and mju^Iv to the Hli'Mildurs of the horse. Jt enable.-him lo woiic wi'.h a ^rent deal mure eat-o and to apply apical deal mou. strength. xo prevents galling ai.d wotindiu^, an tiio friction is avoided. Collars nro so made, or nho'dd ho Sij made, :n to throw tho chid force on tho lower part, of tho ahou'der. Tito horse can apply but liillo strength on Lao upper par;, and for this lcasoti breast, collars arc coming greatly into vogue?sis tho B.rongth is exerted on tho lower part of the shoulder. JJut wo started out to Leii our reader?) how to mako a now collar lit the shoulders of the horso. Tho collar tdiou'd he purchased of the proper niz-j; just bojoro putting it 011 for tho first time, m inert o it in water, letting it rem ait g about a minute, and immediately put it 011 llie hors6, being careful lo have tbo hamos so adjusted tit 1 lie top and bottom as to lit the shoulder, and tlioit put tho horse to woik. The collar, l>y being wet, will adapt itrolf to the shoulder, and should dry 011 tho Iioim*. When taken oil' it should be Ufi, in the smite shape it occupied on the lrn'se, and evi r alter you will have a smi.;liu'mg cellar and no wounds.? VulU'y Former. "Who is it??Jleisnot Xoali, nor Xoah's son, nor a Levi to, nor John theJiaptisi, nor yet the wandering Jew, for he was with Xoah in the ark; the Scriptures tnake mention of him particularly in St John, St. Mark. St. Luke, .so that we may hclicve that | he was no impostor. Jle knows no j pare nt, he never lay upon his. mothers breast, his heard is such as 110 man ever wore; lie goes bare-looted and hare legged, liko a grave ol<l J'riar. He \vo:i!s no hat in summer or winter, !>ut often appears with a crown upon Iiis head. J1 ir> coat is neiiher knit i.or spun, nor hair, si 11?. .' n or woolen, hark nor sheepskin, j*el it abounds! with variety of colors and fits close to the .skin. lie is wonderfully temperate; he never drinks anything hut cold water; ho would rather take his dinner in a farmers' barn than in a kings palace, ile i:i very watchful ; he .sleeps not in hell, but sits in a singular kind of chair, with his clot lies on. JIe was n'.ive at the crucifixion. Nearly all the world hear him. Ho once preached a short sermon, which convinced a man af bis sin, and cans cd him to weep bitterly. lie never was married, yet be has favorites wisom no iovoh ucany, lor u no lias !>uL oiio morsel of meat lie divides among thrm. Though he never ri.lo:; on horseback, lie is hi some re:- poets equipped as hor.xman are. lie is an advocate of early* rising, though he never retires to bed. Hi:; prophecies are ko true that the moment yon hear his voieo 3*011 may know what is approac-Jung. Isow who i;j this prophet, and what did he foretell? Goldskoro, N. C., September 28. ?On Friday night last, a band of United States colorod troops, at this point, attempted to mob two colored Democratic speakers, but wcro prevented by whito citizen?. In a conllict last night, between tho eolored Roldicrs and citizsns, two negroes wero wounded?amputation of tho lower limb was nccossar}'. Tboro is constant oxcitcmcnt and a general feeling of insecurity H folt od tho part of tbo citizens. Tho October oloctions aro oxciting a good deal of attention. Tho States to voto, upon which tho chief interest conturos, Pennsylvania, Ohio und Indiana. Id Indiana, tho Govornor and other Slato officers a^o to bo clcclcd, togother with mcmbors of Congress. In Pennsylvania, two Slato officials, members of Congress and tho Legislature. In Ohio, mombers of Congress and aevcral State officors. No Governor is to bo chosen in Pennsylvaia or Ohio. Tho eloction takes plaeo on the 13th of October, on which day, wo boliovo, Iowa also votes. Tho contest is warm and ear nest in theso Stales, and tho result will be looked for with great intorest, ? 'j' t ^ i Soymour has . no children. Frank Clair has sovon. Grant has fouf Colfax '"is ci"rt Let every one r<>ail and pomler well (he following from the Charleston Mercury of tlio JUtli nil: Democrats of Carolina! wo 6ay to you 0110 an'l al!, South Carolina is promising, j hut not secure. It is tho most ?!oublful I Statu S?.?ui!i of Maryland. Your duly is to i win lliu day. Tho voto of South Carolina | may ducido tho late of tho counjry and wo lean r.-ivo it tu Seymour and Ulair. To tiiis j ?:nd, spend 110 day at homo, or in your t private 1?!|>:ik,S!?, which you dtsvolo to tho I s;i!v;\i i-?:j o!' I ho 1'al motto State in this j campaign. Si.<j vonr neighbors. Talk to iilio colored people, inform them, advise (ln-iii. '1'iTi them tho plain unvarni.-.hed I lnitli in kindness and for the mutual ad-j I vantage of the Southern while man and Southern colored man. Tln-y are destined lo live together ami to proper or suffer together. Circulate the facts. Ilunis down* the lics>. Stiij) the idle. Kiise the needfu! fs>r barl-acues and other party expenses. Turn out at the meetings, Kwpiiro thoto who cat your brorid ami live upon the work you provide, to bo truo to you and the S'.ato and country in this great, vita emergency. Your highest duty and your tnc*L ergont business for the few remaining weeks of tlio campaign, are to savo your country. Lot it not bo said tLat, had the vote ot' Suiitli Carolina been necessary to elect S.yuiour, the safe and Conservative I stalemaii of the tinio would have been dofoaled. Kiernal vigilance is the price of liberty. Such ara the appeals of the New York Tribune to Northern Itudicals. Vour lileity, your properly, your peace and safety, your country itself is at stake. Democrats, what efforts aro you making? What sacrifices of time, labor and patience in iustruution, money, aro you making ono and ail ? Now is the accepted timo, wben your sacrifices may bo of priceless value. And it is now or never?these few weeks lefl. Men of the city?mon of tho country, wo call upon you, each and every Carolinian, to buckle clown to this overshadowing all iiuporluul task?redeem your Stato from threatening, hopeless ruin. Save yourselves noio from llic coming horrors of a war of racu and beggary, or exile. Men of standing and intluenco there are who have, from self-indulgence, koj>t aloof from their ward meetings, instead of turning out and giving all the countenance and support and vim they can to the iahors of their fellow-citizen?!. Wo call upon thom ?the aged the venerable, the honored tiie influential, to come forth and show their earnestness, their zeal, their appreciation of the nature of this terrible struggle, for existence in which we aro engaged. We have heard of men of wealth who liavo buttoned their pockets against tho urgent public calls of their fellow-citizens in this great crisis. Wo have only to say, that, at a time when everything is at stake, and the foundations of socialv arn rnrkinnr nn itimr bases?lift', liberty ami properly all involved, South Carolina expec ??every man to do Lis duty. The Paraguayan War?How Humanity wa3 Taken. We copy the following succinct and comprehensive statement of the latest iutalligcncc of the conflict between the bra*e and indomitable Paraguayans and their adversaries, the allies, v.ho have not at all commcndid themselves to the world by thu manner of their war upon a nation so inuc.ii their inferior in numbers : The details of recent operations on the Parana Hiver sIidw that the Paraguayans wero not driven from the powerful furtilocations of Ilutuaila, but abandoned them for a new and still more nowerful lino of defensive works near llio mouth of the Tihicuari liiver. Before retiring, however, L"p<z ii.flietod a most murderous ropulse upon the allies. Marshal Caxian discovered, 011 tho 25th of Jul}', that tho garrison wero preparing to leave, nnd ho accordingly dispatched a heavy forco to intercept. them. Tlio Paraguayans kept perfectly quiet until the allies had got within almost gnushot range, when thoy opened a most sweeping nnd destructive fire of grapo and canister, wliicli swept down entire regiments of the advancing columns, nnd sent the survivors fleeing back in confn?ion and dismay to their lines. Caxias diJ not attempt a second time to interfere with Lopez's plana. The latter withdrew, and on the 25th the allies occupied Ilumaita, finding two hundred cannon 6piked or rendered useless, about a dozen wounded soldiers in hospital. a e j t> j\. low uuy? uciuit39 iiiu jl iinii^uiiy hijs perforinod one of those daring feats wliicli linye distinguished thoin in their memorable defeuco nnd elicited the applause of tin world. Three hundred bravo fellows pushed boldly out into the. river in oper canoes, and boarded and captured, in the face of a terrific fire of umall arms two 01 the Brazilian iron-clads. They held thenp for some houra, but were finally ^ompelle<3 to relinquish them, owing to the a^rerilj of an artillery fire opened upon them fronr ' Fort Taye. During the time of possessor ^Jiey kept the surviving crews of both iron clada locked up in the hatches, tvbithft 1 ihey had driven thfcm. Latec advices from London stale tha tho allied army was on the march to l<> seijjo to L'lpoz's now linu of defence in conjunction with the lloot. It is probable, however, tluil tlio plucky Paraguayan coinmamler has mado preparations to meet them. Tlio wbolo conduct of I.is soldiers li?us far proves unmistakably that they partake of all bis valor and determination, and do not look upon him as a "tyrant.' The occupation of llumaita, bas occasioned mtw*1i r. iniiMM.r lln?Ai?rri? ItI ?l.? * .-J ,,..1,.,,, II..J <\ljgentino Kepu'.ilic and Uruguay, though j wilii ii nr.) mingled clamors for tho re- , moval of Caxias becauso of tho previous' disastrous asuiU. . ?<e>? A Scgckstiox,?Mi;. Kuiron: I would respectfully snggoft, through jour paper, to i the Democratic (Jiubs of lliu Slat*.', that, in our opinion, the whites would succeed much better in making Democrats of the colored population, if the Democratic Clubs would detail certain suitable members of their clul>3 to talk to tho eolored people. iTho plan that has met with puccues in the neighborhood of tho writer, is for somo sensible man to collect the negroes of his nelghboihood together, and not mako a speech, but a talk, and ascertain tho complaints that the negroes mako against the Democratic parly, and &ho\v them the folly of tluir objections. Mass meetings do very little good with this clns*. Democratic Clubs that have tried this plan have met with much success, and Suii'li Carolina is tUo Stale for us to try evory means M. F. J. Ph<enixl\ Siiyino Houses.'?L. A. D., in lb Scicnlijic American, says that a horseman should never "shy" himself when the horse shies, or show tho least nervousness, nor notico it in their horses, nnd far lca3 to punish them for it, and adds : Allow mo, having had n great deal of experience in mnaging horses, to add another bit of advice to nervous horsemen. Whenever they notico their horse directing his ears to any point whatever: or indicating llio Hlighltst dispositiou to become afraid, let them, instead of pulling the rein to bring tbo horso towards the object causing its nervousness, pull it on tbo other side. This will inslautly divert the attention of the horse from the o'.jecl which is exciting lm suspicion, and iu ninetyninc cases out of a hunlrod tUo horse will pay no m6ro attention to tbo object, from which he will fly away if forcibly driveuto by pulling the wrong rein. TJio Russian people have boon recently groally excited by tbo prcac-bin# of an old Muscovite peasant named Alexis Alcxandroviteh, who, after a seclusion of several year;*, appeared in tbo District, of K.-minir-i jl.x.l'ii'Jn.f himself a prophet, lie is now going from place to place, declaring the destruction of the; Crescent, and the substitution of the Greek Cross for il. on the dome?pf St. Sophia at Constantinople. The llussian Ciovernment allows every liberty oi" action a:ul language to this popular agitator. Tho latest dispatches state that the provinces of Corunna, Lago Orcnso, IIucpc.i, Albacoto, Pontovedra, ilurcia, Saragossa and Ternel bavo pronounced for ihc revolutionists. The rebels occupied Cadiz on Sunday. Seville is the headquarters of tho rebellion. Lisbon adviccs Bay that Montpcnsier is preparing to return to Spain. A French fleet is under orders I to tail for Spain to protcct tho inter I ofcts ol French citizens. A Democratic mooting was licld in Atlanta on Saturday night, at which General Gordon and others npoke. General Gordon dcclarod that tho South would acquiesce iu the result of tho Presidential election, whatsoever sido may win. According to tho tonor of tho last advicos from Central Asia, a reuump tion of hostilities by tho riustdans in Bokhara is expected in Octobor. ?> .Reports say the rising in Spain is not tbo movement of tho Liborals alono, but is supportod by all parties. > ^ Tho insnrgen's aro reported as having attacked Madrid, which was defended by barricades. No particulars have been rcceivod. Thcro aronowin Bohemia and Moi ravia about 100,000 members of the i Reformed Church, nearly all of Bohemian speech. They have 02 pas? tors and 86 schools. i / i A. T. Stowart, of Now Yoik is not i an eight h^or man. He works fourF teon hours and gets about ton thoui; sand dollars a day. I A n?.1l I. A. - r? A ? 1* r /v ouimi uvi^uuii oi irosn viojoib it , docmed tho moat elogant present thai ,, can b> offered to a Parisian bolio. ; # r Lddios now ocnaraenb their nott paper with small photographs of thorn l Itfes?tfre fashion to auno.^odo mo.. r % '' 1 * ' A c. V i *a?iOT?jraani IBIIMM iiaMBMranwaat' Li::,t in JJi'ssia.?The St. Peters bnr^correspondent of a London paper writes as follows of the season and observance of Lent in Russia: "Tho months of March and April, i.e., tho time from the beginning of tho thaw to tho ilnal dcbaclc of tho river, is generally an unhealthy season, which acts injuriously upon the poorer classes, enfeebled by seven weeks of Jours i/i'tir/rcs, and predisposed to dis< as- by the dirty habits of the nioujik ami the Miserable accommodation of" * * - I MM ? . * ' * ui;i ii i iii: unv|)ii a is liiereioro-arc lull, and great is tho exultation of tin* doctors. A little to these cau.<es may l?e added the not unnatural oxeo.-s'.-.s i'.;v-ie;\ amongst a devout hut -v; rstilivus and half barbarious population, when the festival, tho greatest in tho .Russian year, onco more sanctions a return to the good things of the world. During Lent all kinds of food except bread, tish, vegetables, and ..il arc forbidden, though the upper classes are not so soruplous a^ the great mass of people in abiding by the injunction# of Mother Church. During the !ii\>t and last week of Lent many abstain from even vegetables and fi-di. On Palm Sunday and during tbe three preceding days tlio slrvi'Ss were full to overflowing of holiday folic, walking about in their finery, and taking their children to the fair at tho (Jostinnoi Dvor, tho broad pavement in front of which, as well as the cloisters which surround [it, was covered with stalls for the salo of fruit*, sweets, playthings, artificial {lowers, and chiefly verba?flowing willow twigs?a bunclfof which you might fv.! in the hand of almost every one of tho women and children who {locked in crowds l*> the bazaar. .Monday, the festival of the Annunciations. is a peculiar holjr day, upon which no work is done, and when according to the liussian proverb, oven the birds of the air forbear to build their nests. As it was bitterly cold and a heavy snowstorm fell in the afternoon, 1 shouid say tho birds did not object to this compulsory delay in completing their domestic arrange moms. But with regard to Aisting, the special feast of the Annunciation though so highly regarded, docs not annul the prior claims of Lent." The Kenncttsvillo Journal says: "Tl;o cotton fields in socio sections of this district havo boon visited by < Im n.iH AfnilloH T K To ?=. c</\m AtUU... tl|V V.*bbV>|/Ut?l JLUIO li3 unusual, as wo do not rccollcct over to liavo heard of thoir appoaranco in any largo numbers in this locality Tho boll worm is also doing consid urablo mischief. From all tho unia vorablc indications atprcsont, wofoar that tho cotton crop id this district will fall short nearly quito one-third what it promised to bo two months ago." ??? m ? A broad-shouldered German girl recently met an exquisite on a street crossing in Cincinnati, wlicro ono or tho othor must turn out into the mud. Tho cxipti. ito didn't care to dirty bin boots, and in an insulting manner ordered 1 ho girl aside. J tor reply was a blow from the shoulder, which sent the swell cloan oft" his feet into tho mud, and she calmly stepped over his. prostrate form, passing on dry shod HcsolvcJ, That it is impraclicablo to discontinue Sabbath schools in winter. Resolved, That wo regard tho Sab 'oath-school a principal auxiliary in tho woik of reform, and therefore suggest that in all our Sabbath-schools wo will labor to organizo eocietios to promoto temperance, cspccially in tho ueo of intoxicating liquors. The Now York Democracy aro making arrangements for a torchlight procession to contain soveniy-fivo clubs and thirty-fivo thousand mon. In Warsaw the Ivolish hack-drivcrs were recently ordered to adopt the liussian costume. They did so, bub forgot to uso Russian whips,and woro all arrested and fined. The catorpillar h*au made its appearanco in Boveral parts of Edgofield District ] but bo far as wo can, learn, its ravages havo not boon very sorw ou*. [ <|M|? It is estimated that there w;U be fifty thousand miles of complotod railroad in.this country by tl*o end of 1870.. Northern capitalists are about-to dect a largo hotel at Jacksonville. Florida, to accommodate visitors from the North. ' * Political i'ooling^runs bigb io St. ^ Louis, and it is feared the election caa not pass off without oolli sions. > The Fronch Emperor is orjed - his cousin, Pr'i."a N?,K |C1 ,V> ' - the line o ft SL"JA ' 1 ai # v# ? jr 'i i