Abbeville press. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1860-1869, October 09, 1868, Image 1
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BY W. A. LEE AND IIUGII WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., Fit IDA Y. OCTOBER 0, 1SGS. VOLUME XVI?NO. 24.
Gold Boating.
Th"! origin of this art is not known,
|mt it seems to bo of sotno antiquity.
It was known in Greece, and is mentioned
bj- Homer. The ancient Peruvians
mado very thin sheets of gold,
and nailed them togother on tho walls
of their temples. On tho coflius ofi
tho Theban mummios, ppccitncns of !
i p * -.? ? t -? i
uni^iuui iuui mo mut wild, wnuro ilie |
gold is in ho thin :i state that, it re- J
fjcmblcs modern gilding. Tho art J
tieemd to have been practiced in India, j
as thero are rudj specimen4! of gilding j
at Tippo Sahib's )>alaco at Bungtdor".
The thicknoss of the loaf is spoken
of by Martial as like a vapor, and by
Lucretius it is compared to a spider's
web. From a description by J'liny,
of Koman gilding, tho thinness of the
leaf boro no comparison with that of
tho modern gold beater, liy his account,
an ounce of gold was made in
to seven hundred and fifty leaves, each
four fingers equaiv. This is about
t.hrim* timAQ f.l?r% ihir?lrno?Q r\f i)\(\ ln??#'I
now in common u.se; but Roino quali- !
ties aretso thin, that two hundred nod j
iiinety thousand tdioets make a pile J
only or.o inch in height; and speei- j
mens bavo been made only one three i
hundred and sixt}-seven thousand and
live hundredths of an ii.ch i:i thickik:sh,
v.hich is one thousand two hundred
times thinner than ordinary
printing paper. The thinnest gold
leaf of French manufacture, is not
thicker than tho four hundred and j
eighty thousandth part of an inch, I
that of the English is about the three ;
hundred thousandth part.
To prepare the gold for bcalinjr, it j
is melted in a black load crucible, with I
borax, in a wind furnace, and as soon j
as it is in perfect fusion, it is poured j
iinu an nun iiiuuiij, eia. or cit^ni
inches long, three quarters of an inch
wide, previously greased and heated,
ho as to make the groaso run and j
Bint Ice, but not so as to ll.ime. When j
i he ijold is fix d and solfd. it is mad*.'
red hot, to burn otf tho unctuous mat- J
ier, and then forged into a long plalo, I
which is farther extended by pussir.g !1
it between polished steel rollera, till it j
becomes no thicker than a ribbon, or ;
a sheet of paper. The plate, or rib
bon as it is callyJ, is carefully dividcl
by compasses, and cut by shears into
tqual equaro pieces; each of these
40 U^Ul J nvi ?\UU I'J il(%ui;iiv;i U II |
tho anvil lili il id one inch square, and
id then annealed, to coirect tho rig'di
ty acquii ed by tho lorging and flatting
mill, each pieco weighing about
six grains, and thorefire in this slate,
being about one seven hundred and
sixtieth of an inch in thickness, one
hundred and fifty ot them weighing
two ounccs, tho quantity commonly
opcraUd on at a time.
These ax*y now to be extendod by
beating; and to eftjet this, it is nee
cnt?ary to interpose Bomo smooth body
between and tho hammer, (or tlio purposo
of softening tlio blow, and delonding
tho gold from its immediate
action, as also to place bet ween every
one of the plates Home intermediate
Bubstaneo, which, while it prevents
their uniting together, may sulfor
thorn to extend freely. These objects
are attained by means of certain
animal membranes: tho<e are ot three |
kinds, and used for different purposes.
First, Tho outside cover is commonly
parchment, tnado ot sheepskin. Secondly,
For interlaying with tho gold
in tho early state of tho piocess, they
use fino vellum, mado of cali-dcin;
and, Thirdly, For the latter part of the
operation they uso tho iutostineb of
oxen, which aro slit open, and prepared
for this purpose only, and henco
called gold-beater's skin.
Tho manufaeturo of this article is a
soe'rot, which, it is paid, only five men
in tho world now know. Tho art of
preparing it baB brought a fortune to
the manufacturers. Wickutead, of
London, attained tho highoBt porfoc
tioo in the art in tho last gonoration,
and promised to leavo tho soorot lo a
relative at his doath-bod. In bisd}ing
gasp, ho called tho relative to his
lo opon tho mystery, but died, and it
remained still a secret. F. Puckridgo,
of London, is tho most celebrated
maker now. With great perstvoranco
and exponse, bo suceecdod in
pcrfocting tho art. Ho tins promised,
it is said, to reveal tho Bocrot to his
nephow.
The bed on wbioh tho gold is beaten,
is a smooth block of black marble.
weli/hinff from Lhraa hundred in
9 0?- o "V
six hundred pounds, about nine inches
square on iho uppor surface, litted into
a wooden frarao two loot tquaro,
bo that tbo fiamoand marblo surface
are one level. The back and both
sides aro furnished with a high ledge
and the front, which is open, ha? a
. >. leather flap fastoned to it, which the
gold beater uses as an apron for pre~
aorving'the. fragments of the gold
which may fall oif. The only tools
*
urc three hammers, having round and
somewhat convex faces; tho first or
heaviest, callcd tho culch hammer, is
nbout four inches in diameter, nnd
weighs from seventeen to twenty-five
pounds; the second id called tlio h1?odering
hammer, and weighs about
twelve pounds, having the same diameter;
and the third, still nearly of
the same diameter, weighs about ten
pounds. Tho square pieces of goll?
one hundred and fifty in number?
above mentioned, nro interlaid with
leaves of vellum, about throe or four
inebes square, otio leaf laid between
every two, and about twenty more
are laiu on the outside. Over these
in drawn a parchment ca.se, open at
both ends; and over these another, in
a contrary direction, bj that the voli,...
i , ..? .,..1,1 .
tu hi tin vi vi ^?'?u iii'j ti^tib
and ehise. The whole is then beaten
alternately will? the right mid left,
hands with the heaviest of the throe
hummer*, which rebounds l>y the
elasticity of the shin, and saves the
labor of lilting, till the gold in extended
to tho breudih of tho vellum.
Jvach leaf is then taken out by a delicate
pair of whilowood pincers and
eul into four pieccs with a.steel knife,
and put between the skins of a unhodor,"
four and a half inchcs square, j
and thucc-quarlcrs of an inch thick,"j
containing about :?*ivcn hundred skins, !
which havo been worn out in tho tin
ishing process. The beating is then
repeated with the lighte r hammer for
two hours. As tho gold wili spread j
uiuqnally, the "r hodcr" 13 beaten up- j
on, after ihe larger leaven hare roach-!
ud the edg<'9. 'J ho effect of litis is, |
that llio larger loaves come out of the i
i d^es in a .-.la to of d jst. This allows
time for tiie smaller loavrs to roach j
the full bizo of the "Bhodcr," thus pro- |
ducintf u fjencral ovccucjs of the s:ze
of tho K avca.
Kach leaf is acrr.in cut into four picC!.s,
and placed between the loaves of
a mould composed of about nine hundivJ
of the finest skins, fivo inches
f-quuro, and 111 reo-<j carters of an inch
iliie.lv; this is the last ai.d most dillieull
htago of t!ie process ; and on tlie
tinenus-s of tl.o hlcin and judgment of
tho woiksnan, th-j perfection and thinness
of the leaf of jroM depend. Ihi- !
ring the first hour the hammer in ul?
lowed to fall principally upon the
ceiitie of tiic mould. This causes
-japing cracks upon tlio edges ol' the
leaves, the sides ui which readily to:ile
co and unite without leaving any
trace of the union after being beaten
upon. At tho second hour, when the
gold is about tlio ono hundred and
fifty thousandth of an inch in thickness,
it for tho first time permits the
transmission of the rays of light. In
pure gold, or gold but slightly alloyed i
the green ra^s are transmitted; and I
in gold highly alloyed with silver, the
pale violet rays pass. Tho mould llion
requires in all about four hours beating
with a seven poutul hammer, when
tbo gold will havo arrived at tho ordinary
thinners for tho g^ld le;sf ol
T . f ? 1 - - i*
commerce. xi. is men laicon out 01
tho mould, and the rough edges arc
cut oil' by Blips ot ralan fixed in parallel
grooves of an ifiSlnuiient cailod
a "wagon," tho leal* to be laid on a
leather cushion for that purpose. Tho
leaves thus prepared aro placcd in a
bo^k eapablo of holding twenty-live
leaves each, which havo bcon rubbed
over with red ochre, to prevont tho
gold clinging to the paper.
Tho dryness of the cutch, shodcr,
and mould is a matter of extrotno im
ru?JUirO to UO UOlprcssed
every timo they aro used, although
th'oy may bo used daily, to
rcraovo tho tnoisturo which they aeqniro
from tho atmosphere, cxeept in
extremely frosty weather, whou they
aoquiro so little moisture that then a
dilliculty ariece from their ovor-dryuess;
tho brillianoy of tho gold is
diminished, and it epvoada vory slowly
under tho hammer. On the contrary
if tho cuteh or Bhodor be damp, the
k'old will bccomo that which i.s technically
termed hollow or fciovo-likc?
that if, it is pierced with innumerable
small holes, and in tho moulds in its
moro attenuated state, it becomes reduced
to a pulverulent state. This
condition is more easily producod in
alloyod gold than in fino gold.
It 18 necessary that; cach fckin of the
mould should bo rubbed ovor with
culeir.od gypsum cach time the mould
may bo used, in order to prevent the
udhesion of tho gold to the surface ol
tho skin in the processor beating.
Gold used for boating is never quite
pure, because pure gold is too ductile
to be workod botweon the gold boa
tor's skin; tho finest gold for tho pur
poso has three grains of alloy in th(
ounce, find tho coarsest twelve grains
But in gonoral, tho alloy is about eta
grains to the ouneo, or one-eightietl
part. The alloy is;8ilver or copper; 01
both, and the color produced is of va
rioua tints accQrdingly. Two ounce*
and two pennyweights of gold mo]
delivered by the foreman to tlie woik- j
man, who, if fekillul, will return twen- |
ly thousand leaves, or eighty bo??U:-,
together with ono ounce and fix penny
weights ot' cuttings.
The leaf in this perfection .is bo i
thin that a hair of the head failing in !
between the*leaves and the tool will ;
cut leu or twelve ol the haves. And, ;
although this leal' is tin) thi:nie!3t .-ub- !
stance known to science, it in perfectly j
air-tight..
<r> *
Sorrows of Chiidiiood
There are parents who deliberately [
lav themseivi's out t>> tornuiil tli.-ir;
j children. There arc two classsc > of
j parents who a;v Uio mo<t inexorably
: cruel ami malignant; il is hard t?? say
whicii cla>.s excels, but il is eer'ain j
j tlial'bollt flashes exceed all extri:or- j
j dinary mortals. (Jno i.; the u11< r'y j
blackguard : the parents about \\ hoi.i !
there is no good no preten >c of good. j
The other is the wrong headed !y eunscienliou-x
and religious.
You may find parents who, having
started from an humble origin, bavin;;
attained to wealth, and who, instead
of being glad to think that tlicit* children
are better oil' than they themselves
were, exhibit a diabolical .jealousy
of their children. You will llnd
such wretched beings insisting that
tln-ii* children will go through needless
trials and mortifications, becan-'u
they themselves v.*.'ill tli:*oii*r!i the
like. "Why, .1 do not he.ilale. t?.? say
that one of the twhki: would
powerfully Ictt?I a worthy mail
to value materia! prosperity, would
I if the thought 11.L his hoys would
li.'ivu :i fairer, happier ."tart iii !:I* j
t hati lit* had, and would l:o saved t iiv |
many diHieultie.s on which hi! still
looks back with pain. You avill find
parents, especially parents of the
Pharisaical and wrong-headedly rel:.
-ic'tis class, who seem to hold it a f-acred
duty to make the little things fiuhanpy;:
v,*ho systeinatieally endeavor
to render life as hare, ugly, and wi s. Idled
a thing as possible; who never
ji r.. int .. _ i j i *
j ' ; i r VJ llivu- Cllli??rvil "VVIiyil It'.t'y UO i
light, hut punish them with great ^e? ;
verity when they do wrong; who j
sot in to halo to see their children j
lively or cheerful in their pivscnee:
j who thoroughly repel all sympathy I
or coiiiideiiec on the part of their i
children, and then mention ai? a prool"
that their children are possessed hy 1
the devil, that their chiidreii always j
like to get away from them ; who rejoice
to cut oil' any little enjoyment?
rigidly carrying out into practice the
fundamental prineii-le ol' their creed.
which undoubtedly i:?, that "nobody i
should ever please any hotly else, because
iu either case he is sure to displease
God."
Then a great trouble, always pressing
heavily on many a little mind, is
that it is overtasked with lessons.
You still seo here and there idiotic
parents striving to make infant phenomena
of their children, and recording
with much pride how their childi
i< oald read and write at an tin- j
naltiraiiy early ago. Such parents j
are Ibols beyond question. The great j
use to which the first fiix or seven i
years of life should bo given, is the j
laying the foundation of a healthful |
constitution in body and mind ; and j
the instilling of those first principles j
of duty and religion which do not |
need to be taught out of any books, j
-i- ?i - - -
11 _)t.?n u'j not perinanenuy injure
the young brain and mind prematurely
overtasking them,?even if
you do not permanently blight the
bodily health and break the mind's
cheerful spring, j'ou gain nothing.
Your child at fourteen 3*ears old is
not a bit farther advanced in his education
than a child "who be^an his
years after him ; and the entire result
of your stupid driving has been to
overcloud sorno days which should
havo been the happiest of his life.
ThoSpaniiih naval forco off Cadiz
has revolted. Tho generals recently
banished havo roturned and joined the
rovolt, which Marshall Do la Torro
heads and* tho leaders of tho old
O'l)onnel party sustain. Several towns
1 havo joined tho insurrection, and there
is -intor.se panic at court. Troops
havo beon sent southward under Gon1
oral Concha, and ft rumnr r?rfWRili?ri
in Paris that Queen Isabella had abdicated.
A rising was also reported in
> Andalusia.
> i#I
A carpet-baggor in tho Louisiana
Legislature thought to speculate in
> .cotton lands. Ho was bitten, his
i plantation turning out worthless; and
c so, being intonsoly-loyal, procured tho
i removal of tho parish seat to a fictif
tious town, which" lio loeates right in
the ccnrtro of his ^lands. Nothing
) pays like patriotism, after all.
Over The River.
Tills beautiful ]>ocui was j-ublished Kcvornl
years ag?>, but it i-j koexquisitely beautiful that
it wi'! bear republishing. It van written
by Miss l'riest?ail will rocoguize it :u coining
from a woman's he:".t. To those who have lost
intimate friends?ami who has not??some of
the allusions arc inexpressibly affecting. If
rea?l a' evening twilight, many a moistened eye
will f..Ir.w i 'ir> lines :
Over the river tl < y 1 < :i ( *> r.io,
1,0Vol 111)':i who li iv<! j::isH'<l 1 '. ? other siJe,
The "leatu of their snowy r ibts 1 sto,
their voices are lost iu the dashing title,
T!.ore's one with i t.- of tunny ?' !.
And i! c lti-l liiui from morlul view. I
\\V. saw in.I t! ssngcli who met him there ;
Tho [--iii-s of The City we cu.tKl not tee ;
Over iv? Iliver, over the i'livcr,
!3- brother r.ady ! j welcome me.
Over the l'lver, the bontni.in j-ilo,
Carried nnoih'.-r?tlie h'nucJn' J jet ;
Her bripht euils waived i:i I lie ::lle ga'c?
Darling Minnie, 1 see h y. i
She eroded on her bos >:n her dimpled hands,
Altd feath-jdy e:i(erc<l the \> itmtoni bark ;
We watched it ; '.i !e from th'j silver sands,
And all our sunshine jrrew strangely dur'ft !
Wo know she Is safe on tlie other tide.
Where till the ransomed and ang-Ii be; '
Over the lliver, tho Mystic llivcr,
My childhood's idols are waiting for mo.
For none rclnrn from the rjr.kf shores
W ho cress with tin; boat man cold aud blue ; j
Wo lie.".:- i!'C <lii> of thw ?*?! Irn oar.',
We catli a gleam of the snowy sail,
Assd, O, they have passed from our heart?
They cioi^s I ho stream and arc gone lor nyu ?
Wc catinol sunder the veil apart,
That hides from our vision the gates of day ;
We only I.now that their havl<s no more
Shall s-'ni! with our3 on life's stormy sna,
Yet somehow 1 hope >,n t lie unseen shore,
They wulc't, tiud Lcuken, and wait, lor inc.
And I set nr.d think when the rnnset's gold
il-:sl.iii'.' liver, ami !.i!l and shore,
1 shall ciio d'iy stand by the water void,
And 1 i ?! ! ) tho sound of the boatman's oar;
1 shall watch for the gleam of the flapping sail, !
1 shall hear the h at as it gains tho strand,
I thai! par--' f.ioai sight with ?lie 1 oat man pate
To the better shore of the .c'piiit Laud :
I shall know the loved who have gone before,
Ami joyfully sweet will tl.e meeting be,
Wlieu over the I'.iver, the peaceful lliver,
The Angel of Death shall carry me I
Conditions Necessary for Successful Agriculture.
It.is becoming tnoro and moro apparent
every your tl.at in order to
succeed w< 11 i:i agricultural pursuits
there must be certain favorable indicu:ion*
lor the be.st sacoess, in fanning.
lleiwc the doctrines ol* mixed
and ppv-cial hasbat.div must in a certain
clegiee vivid to llm liiilcr condition
of tiling, It is ii!o lor tho cdLton
growing yt'ates to compcto with
the northern farmer in raiding winter
apples, and because a man nunj rai.->u
cotton in tlio .M id lie Slates, it is no
reason why he should do it.
special localities are adapted to
special productions. The animal
kingdom has its lixed geographical
boundaries, m a so docs toe vegetable
kingdom. But lhis is not all, nor is
it by any menus tho most important
consideration. Jn order to succeed
well in cultiviiting any production ol
value at the present clay, there must
be intelligence, ilerico when any one
community takes ups-heep husbandry,
we lind tljat whole population familiar
with the details ot the butunet-s
In other words, they huve been educated
to the buhinc.-H. Lot a nonce
in the business take a tloclc of live
hundred shoep, and the cbannfR are
as .to ten to one that ho would make
an entire failure in tho business ol'
sluep raising, unlosn he had the benefit
oj" his neighbors' experience. The
sumo is true ol 'crchaiding. Some j
poisons suppose it iuj ea^y thing to
raino un orchard, but wo would rather
uudertako lo fit a boy for collego than
to teach him how to plant an orchard
with the right kind of troop, and take
caro of f hum in all their details till ho
had a hand^omo and productive orchard.
In a community whoro orcharding
is made a buMnOhf, one
1 neighbor has tho bent fit of the others'
j cxperi 71)00, and there by avoids mistaken
that would othonvibo interfere
witli his success.
Men frequently have great fears
that if tho town in u hieh they reside
should devote its whole oncrgies to
some Hpcc'ality tho market would bo
over stocked. But ono town or ono
country is only an item exccoding
small in this great country. Still another
advantage arisinir from thi*
community of labor is tho acquired
reputation a placo may bavo for good
articlcH, and thus an extra price may
bo obtained f^r every thing it niay
bave for sale. Orange County butter
had a reputation that demanded n
"great advance in prico ovor other but
tor i qually good. If a man now-a
days buys a Vormount buck or horde
ho must pay a round prieo for. it. If
a man wants a Jorrey cow ho must
'go to Winthorp (or her and pay a
great prico. A Jersey cow from any
other placo would hardly bo worth
looking at so long as ono is for salo
frora that town.
. licnco wo still nrguo tho propriety
of muking a speciality in furming
whore tho conditions aro favorable.
Such communities aro always more
I Si>^nr\nn/!anf. na (ammawa fPu**???
Miuv|>uiiuvuv My imuioio*' J. UUiU ill'U
Aomo towns in this State best adapted
for orchards, and tho moro tho pcoplo
devote to it tbo bettor. If sheep have
proved a sucoess, pursue tho basiness.
A lew towns aa this State can do well
at bop culture. Othors aro suporior
grass districts. Now thcro aro many
towns in thisStato where a man can
raise two tonB of hay to the acre, and
noil it at a goocl price with a ready
market, more easily than other towns
can raise 0110 ton to tho aero with a
poor maikot.
There arc many farms where mixed
husbandry is bent, and probably thine
are but low farms where exclusive
attention to one thing wouM bo advisable.
A man may have a good farm,
yet it irt not adapt*, d to the raiding of
frui? ; still.it may bo doaira' i; I' r him
to have a few ajplo treos lbr l?U own !
nsi', su-d lie would do well to i.i;.!-:
special effort, to secure a low u*ce.-s for1
tills i urju.se. We believe the future
development < i' our agricultural re- J
sources and tho wealth of our farmers |
remu.o, jar^eiy aopeiul un
careful adaption ol ouch locality fur
lis be.it, product r>->.?JfjihC J'tirjiicr.
J low T) F:r COI.I.MU TO IEOISKKS*
?J L is very lo
liii'O a collar fit nicely and mju^Iv to
the Hli'Mildurs of the horse. Jt enable.-him
lo woiic wi'.h a ^rent deal mure
eat-o and to apply apical deal mou.
strength. xo prevents galling ai.d
wotindiu^, an tiio friction is avoided.
Collars nro so made, or nho'dd ho Sij
made, :n to throw tho chid force on
tho lower part, of tho ahou'der. Tito
horse can apply but liillo strength on
Lao upper par;, and for this lcasoti
breast, collars arc coming greatly into
vogue?sis tho B.rongth is exerted on
tho lower part of the shoulder. JJut
wo started out to Leii our reader?) how
to mako a now collar lit the shoulders
of the horso. Tho collar tdiou'd he
purchased of the proper niz-j; just bojoro
putting it 011 for tho first time,
m inert o it in water, letting it rem ait g
about a minute, and immediately put
it 011 llie hors6, being careful lo have
tbo hamos so adjusted tit 1 lie top and
bottom as to lit the shoulder, and tlioit
put tho horse to woik. The collar,
l>y being wet, will adapt itrolf to the
shoulder, and should dry 011 tho Iioim*.
When taken oil' it should be Ufi, in the
smite shape it occupied on the lrn'se,
and evi r alter you will have a smi.;liu'mg
cellar and no wounds.? VulU'y
Former.
"Who is it??Jleisnot Xoali, nor
Xoah's son, nor a Levi to, nor
John theJiaptisi, nor yet the wandering
Jew, for he was with Xoah in the
ark; the Scriptures tnake mention of
him particularly in St John, St. Mark.
St. Luke, .so that we may hclicve that |
he was no impostor. Jle knows no j
pare nt, he never lay upon his. mothers
breast, his heard is such as 110 man
ever wore; lie goes bare-looted and
hare legged, liko a grave ol<l J'riar.
He \vo:i!s no hat in summer or winter,
!>ut often appears with a crown upon
Iiis head. J1 ir> coat is neiiher knit
i.or spun, nor hair, si 11?. .' n or woolen,
hark nor sheepskin, j*el it abounds!
with variety of colors and fits close
to the .skin. lie is wonderfully temperate;
he never drinks anything hut
cold water; ho would rather take his
dinner in a farmers' barn than in a
kings palace, ile i:i very watchful ;
he .sleeps not in hell, but sits in a singular
kind of chair, with his clot lies on.
JIe was n'.ive at the crucifixion.
Nearly all the world hear him. Ho
once preached a short sermon, which
convinced a man af bis sin, and cans
cd him to weep bitterly. lie never
was married, yet be has favorites
wisom no iovoh ucany, lor u no lias
!>uL oiio morsel of meat lie divides
among thrm. Though he never ri.lo:;
on horseback, lie is hi some re:- poets
equipped as hor.xman are. lie is an
advocate of early* rising, though he
never retires to bed. Hi:; prophecies
are ko true that the moment yon
hear his voieo 3*011 may know what is
approac-Jung.
Isow who i;j this prophet, and what
did he foretell?
Goldskoro, N. C., September 28.
?On Friday night last, a band of
United States colorod troops, at this
point, attempted to mob two colored
Democratic speakers, but wcro prevented
by whito citizen?. In a conllict
last night, between tho eolored
Roldicrs and citizsns, two negroes
wero wounded?amputation of tho
lower limb was nccossar}'. Tboro is
constant oxcitcmcnt and a general
feeling of insecurity H folt od tho
part of tbo citizens.
Tho October oloctions aro oxciting
a good deal of attention. Tho States
to voto, upon which tho chief interest
conturos, Pennsylvania, Ohio und Indiana.
Id Indiana, tho Govornor and
other Slato officers a^o to bo clcclcd,
togother with mcmbors of Congress.
In Pennsylvania, two Slato officials,
members of Congress and tho Legislature.
In Ohio, mombers of Congress
and aevcral State officors. No
Governor is to bo chosen in Pennsylvaia
or Ohio. Tho eloction takes
plaeo on the 13th of October, on
which day, wo boliovo, Iowa also
votes. Tho contest is warm and ear
nest in theso Stales, and tho result
will be looked for with great intorest,
? 'j' t ^ i
Soymour has . no children. Frank
Clair has sovon. Grant has fouf
Colfax '"is ci"rt
Let every one r<>ail and pomler well (he following
from the Charleston Mercury of tlio JUtli
nil:
Democrats of Carolina! wo 6ay to you
0110 an'l al!, South Carolina is promising,
j hut not secure. It is tho most ?!oublful
I Statu S?.?ui!i of Maryland. Your duly is to
i win lliu day. Tho voto of South Carolina
| may ducido tho late of tho counjry and wo
lean r.-ivo it tu Seymour and Ulair. To tiiis
j ?:nd, spend 110 day at homo, or in your
t private 1?!|>:ik,S!?, which you dtsvolo to tho
I s;i!v;\i i-?:j o!' I ho 1'al motto State in this
j campaign. Si.<j vonr neighbors. Talk to
iilio colored people, inform them, advise
(ln-iii. '1'iTi them tho plain unvarni.-.hed
I lnitli in kindness and for the mutual ad-j
I vantage of the Southern while man and
Southern colored man. Tln-y are destined
lo live together ami to proper or suffer together.
Circulate the facts. Ilunis down*
the lics>. Stiij) the idle. Kiise the needfu!
fs>r barl-acues and other party expenses.
Turn out at the meetings, Kwpiiro thoto
who cat your brorid ami live upon the
work you provide, to bo truo to you and
the S'.ato and country in this great, vita
emergency. Your highest duty and your
tnc*L ergont business for the few remaining
weeks of tlio campaign, are to savo your
country. Lot it not bo said tLat, had the
vote ot' Suiitli Carolina been necessary to
elect S.yuiour, the safe and Conservative I
stalemaii of the tinio would have been dofoaled.
Kiernal vigilance is the price of
liberty. Such ara the appeals of the New
York Tribune to Northern Itudicals.
Vour lileity, your properly, your peace
and safety, your country itself is at stake.
Democrats, what efforts aro you making?
What sacrifices of time, labor and patience
in iustruution, money, aro you making ono
and ail ? Now is the accepted timo, wben
your sacrifices may bo of priceless value.
And it is now or never?these few weeks
lefl.
Men of the city?mon of tho country,
wo call upon you, each and every Carolinian,
to buckle clown to this overshadowing
all iiuporluul task?redeem your Stato from
threatening, hopeless ruin. Save yourselves
noio from llic coming horrors of a
war of racu and beggary, or exile.
Men of standing and intluenco there are
who have, from self-indulgence, koj>t aloof
from their ward meetings, instead of turning
out and giving all the countenance and
support and vim they can to the iahors of
their fellow-citizen?!. Wo call upon thom
?the aged the venerable, the honored tiie
influential, to come forth and show their
earnestness, their zeal, their appreciation of
the nature of this terrible struggle, for
existence in which we aro engaged.
We have heard of men of wealth who
liavo buttoned their pockets against tho
urgent public calls of their fellow-citizens
in this great crisis.
Wo have only to say, that, at a time
when everything is at stake, and the foundations
of socialv arn rnrkinnr nn itimr
bases?lift', liberty ami properly all involved,
South Carolina expec ??every man
to do Lis duty.
The Paraguayan War?How Humanity wa3
Taken.
We copy the following succinct and
comprehensive statement of the latest iutalligcncc
of the conflict between the bra*e
and indomitable Paraguayans and their
adversaries, the allies, v.ho have not at all
commcndid themselves to the world by thu
manner of their war upon a nation so
inuc.ii their inferior in numbers :
The details of recent operations on the
Parana Hiver sIidw that the Paraguayans
wero not driven from the powerful furtilocations
of Ilutuaila, but abandoned them
for a new and still more nowerful lino of
defensive works near llio mouth of the Tihicuari
liiver. Before retiring, however,
L"p<z ii.flietod a most murderous ropulse
upon the allies. Marshal Caxian discovered,
011 tho 25th of Jul}', that tho garrison
wero preparing to leave, nnd ho accordingly
dispatched a heavy forco to intercept.
them.
Tlio Paraguayans kept perfectly quiet
until the allies had got within almost gnushot
range, when thoy opened a most sweeping
nnd destructive fire of grapo and canister,
wliicli swept down entire regiments of
the advancing columns, nnd sent the survivors
fleeing back in confn?ion and dismay
to their lines. Caxias diJ not attempt a
second time to interfere with Lopez's plana.
The latter withdrew, and on the 25th the
allies occupied Ilumaita, finding two hundred
cannon 6piked or rendered useless,
about a dozen wounded soldiers in hospital.
a e j t>
j\. low uuy? uciuit39 iiiu jl iinii^uiiy hijs
perforinod one of those daring feats wliicli
linye distinguished thoin in their memorable
defeuco nnd elicited the applause of tin
world. Three hundred bravo fellows
pushed boldly out into the. river in oper
canoes, and boarded and captured, in the
face of a terrific fire of umall arms two 01
the Brazilian iron-clads. They held thenp
for some houra, but were finally ^ompelle<3
to relinquish them, owing to the a^rerilj
of an artillery fire opened upon them fronr
' Fort Taye. During the time of possessor
^Jiey kept the surviving crews of both iron
clada locked up in the hatches, tvbithft
1 ihey had driven thfcm.
Latec advices from London stale tha
tho allied army was on the march to l<>
seijjo to L'lpoz's now linu of defence in
conjunction with the lloot. It is probable,
however, tluil tlio plucky Paraguayan
coinmamler has mado preparations to meet
them. Tlio wbolo conduct of I.is soldiers
li?us far proves unmistakably that they
partake of all bis valor and determination,
and do not look upon him as a "tyrant.'
The occupation of llumaita, bas occasioned
mtw*1i r. iniiMM.r lln?Ai?rri? ItI ?l.? *
.-J ,,..1,.,,, II..J <\ljgentino
Kepu'.ilic and Uruguay, though j
wilii ii nr.) mingled clamors for tho re- ,
moval of Caxias becauso of tho previous'
disastrous asuiU.
. ?<e>?
A Scgckstiox,?Mi;. Kuiron: I would
respectfully snggoft, through jour paper, to
i the Democratic (Jiubs of lliu Slat*.', that, in
our opinion, the whites would succeed
much better in making Democrats of the
colored population, if the Democratic Clubs
would detail certain suitable members of
their clul>3 to talk to tho eolored people.
iTho plan that has met with puccues in the
neighborhood of tho writer, is for somo
sensible man to collect the negroes of his
nelghboihood together, and not mako a
speech, but a talk, and ascertain tho complaints
that the negroes mako against the
Democratic parly, and &ho\v them the folly
of tluir objections. Mass meetings do
very little good with this clns*. Democratic
Clubs that have tried this plan have
met with much success, and Suii'li Carolina
is tUo Stale for us to try evory means
M. F. J.
Ph<enixl\
Siiyino Houses.'?L. A. D., in lb
Scicnlijic American, says that a horseman
should never "shy" himself when the horse
shies, or show tho least nervousness, nor
notico it in their horses, nnd far lca3 to
punish them for it, and adds :
Allow mo, having had n great deal of
experience in mnaging horses, to add
another bit of advice to nervous horsemen.
Whenever they notico their horse directing
his ears to any point whatever: or
indicating llio Hlighltst dispositiou to become
afraid, let them, instead of pulling
the rein to bring tbo horso towards the
object causing its nervousness, pull it on
tbo other side. This will inslautly divert
the attention of the horse from the o'.jecl
which is exciting lm suspicion, and iu
ninetyninc cases out of a hunlrod tUo
horse will pay no m6ro attention to tbo object,
from which he will fly away if forcibly
driveuto by pulling the wrong rein.
TJio Russian people have boon recently
groally excited by tbo prcac-bin#
of an old Muscovite peasant named
Alexis Alcxandroviteh, who, after a
seclusion of several year;*, appeared
in tbo District, of K.-minir-i jl.x.l'ii'Jn.f
himself a prophet, lie is now going
from place to place, declaring the destruction
of the; Crescent, and the
substitution of the Greek Cross for il.
on the dome?pf St. Sophia at Constantinople.
The llussian Ciovernment
allows every liberty oi" action
a:ul language to this popular agitator.
Tho latest dispatches state that the
provinces of Corunna, Lago Orcnso,
IIucpc.i, Albacoto, Pontovedra, ilurcia,
Saragossa and Ternel bavo pronounced
for ihc revolutionists. The
rebels occupied Cadiz on Sunday. Seville
is the headquarters of tho rebellion.
Lisbon adviccs Bay that
Montpcnsier is preparing to return to
Spain. A French fleet is under orders
I to tail for Spain to protcct tho inter
I ofcts ol French citizens.
A Democratic mooting was licld
in Atlanta on Saturday night, at
which General Gordon and others
npoke. General Gordon dcclarod
that tho South would acquiesce iu the
result of tho Presidential election,
whatsoever sido may win.
According to tho tonor of tho last
advicos from Central Asia, a reuump
tion of hostilities by tho riustdans in
Bokhara is expected in Octobor.
?>
.Reports say the rising in Spain is
not tbo movement of tho Liborals
alono, but is supportod by all parties.
> ^
Tho insnrgen's aro reported as
having attacked Madrid, which was
defended by barricades. No particulars
have been rcceivod.
Thcro aronowin Bohemia and Moi
ravia about 100,000 members of the
i Reformed Church, nearly all of Bohemian
speech. They have 02 pas?
tors and 86 schools.
i /
i A. T. Stowart, of Now Yoik is not
i an eight h^or man. He works fourF
teon hours and gets about ton thoui;
sand dollars a day.
I
A n?.1l I. A. - r? A ? 1*
r /v ouimi uvi^uuii oi irosn viojoib it
, docmed tho moat elogant present thai
,, can b> offered to a Parisian bolio.
; #
r Lddios now ocnaraenb their nott
paper with small photographs of thorn
l Itfes?tfre fashion to auno.^odo mo..
r % '' 1 * '
A
c.
V
i
*a?iOT?jraani IBIIMM iiaMBMranwaat'
Li::,t in JJi'ssia.?The St. Peters
bnr^correspondent of a London paper
writes as follows of the season and observance
of Lent in Russia: "Tho
months of March and April, i.e., tho
time from the beginning of tho thaw
to tho ilnal dcbaclc of tho river, is generally
an unhealthy season, which
acts injuriously upon the poorer classes,
enfeebled by seven weeks of
Jours i/i'tir/rcs, and predisposed to dis<
as- by the dirty habits of the nioujik
ami the Miserable accommodation of"
* * - I MM ? . * ' *
ui;i ii i iii: unv|)ii a is liiereioro-arc
lull, and great is tho exultation
of tin* doctors. A little to these cau.<es
may l?e added the not unnatural
oxeo.-s'.-.s i'.;v-ie;\ amongst a devout
hut -v; rstilivus and half barbarious
population, when the festival, tho
greatest in tho .Russian year, onco
more sanctions a return to the good
things of the world. During Lent all
kinds of food except bread, tish, vegetables,
and ..il arc forbidden, though
the upper classes are not so soruplous
a^ the great mass of people in abiding
by the injunction# of Mother Church.
During the !ii\>t and last week of Lent
many abstain from even vegetables
and fi-di. On Palm Sunday and during
tbe three preceding days tlio
slrvi'Ss were full to overflowing of
holiday folic, walking about in their
finery, and taking their children to
the fair at tho (Jostinnoi Dvor, tho
broad pavement in front of which, as
well as the cloisters which surround
[it, was covered with stalls for the salo
of fruit*, sweets, playthings, artificial
{lowers, and chiefly verba?flowing
willow twigs?a bunclfof which you
might fv.! in the hand of almost every
one of tho women and children who
{locked in crowds l*> the bazaar.
.Monday, the festival of the Annunciations.
is a peculiar holjr day, upon
which no work is done, and when according
to the liussian proverb, oven
the birds of the air forbear to build
their nests. As it was bitterly cold
and a heavy snowstorm fell in the afternoon,
1 shouid say tho birds did
not object to this compulsory delay
in completing their domestic arrange
moms. But with regard to Aisting,
the special feast of the Annunciation
though so highly regarded, docs not
annul the prior claims of Lent."
The Kenncttsvillo Journal says:
"Tl;o cotton fields in socio sections
of this district havo boon visited by
< Im n.iH AfnilloH T K To ?=. c</\m AtUU...
tl|V V.*bbV>|/Ut?l JLUIO li3
unusual, as wo do not rccollcct over
to liavo heard of thoir appoaranco
in any largo numbers in this locality
Tho boll worm is also doing consid
urablo mischief. From all tho unia
vorablc indications atprcsont, wofoar
that tho cotton crop id this district
will fall short nearly quito one-third
what it promised to bo two months
ago."
??? m ?
A broad-shouldered German girl recently
met an exquisite on a street
crossing in Cincinnati, wlicro ono or
tho othor must turn out into the mud.
Tho cxipti. ito didn't care to dirty bin
boots, and in an insulting manner ordered
1 ho girl aside. J tor reply was
a blow from the shoulder, which sent
the swell cloan oft" his feet into tho
mud, and she calmly stepped over his.
prostrate form, passing on dry shod
HcsolvcJ, That it is impraclicablo to
discontinue Sabbath schools in winter.
Resolved, That wo regard tho Sab
'oath-school a principal auxiliary in tho
woik of reform, and therefore suggest
that in all our Sabbath-schools wo
will labor to organizo eocietios to promoto
temperance, cspccially in tho
ueo of intoxicating liquors.
The Now York Democracy aro making
arrangements for a torchlight procession
to contain soveniy-fivo clubs
and thirty-fivo thousand mon.
In Warsaw the Ivolish hack-drivcrs
were recently ordered to adopt the
liussian costume. They did so, bub
forgot to uso Russian whips,and woro
all arrested and fined.
The catorpillar h*au made its appearanco
in Boveral parts of Edgofield
District ] but bo far as wo can, learn,
its ravages havo not boon very sorw
ou*.
[
<|M|?
It is estimated that there w;U be
fifty thousand miles of complotod
railroad in.this country by tl*o end of
1870..
Northern capitalists are about-to
dect a largo hotel at Jacksonville.
Florida, to accommodate visitors from
the North. '
* Political i'ooling^runs bigb io St.
^ Louis, and it is feared the election caa
not pass off without oolli sions.
> The Fronch Emperor is orjed
- his cousin, Pr'i."a N?,K |C1 ,V> '
- the line o ft SL"JA ' 1 ai
# v# ?
jr
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