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' v t &jm;- H. '* ,'T ; r * j~j TWO DOLLAES PER ANNUM. "The Price of Liberty is Eternal Vigilance." PAYABLE IN ADVANCE, BY DAVIS & ROLLINGS WORTH. . ABBEVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY MORNING, JANUARY 17, 1856. VOL. XII NO. 39. THE ABBEVILLE BANNER 18 published EVERY THURSDAY MORNINGby DAVIS & HOLLINGSWORTH, PROPRIETORS. TERMS: Two Dollars per annum, if pnid in advance ; Two Doi.lakb mid Fiftv Ckxts if not paitl within six months, uiul Tiirkk Dollars if m?t pnid bofore the oimI of the year. All subscriptions not limited ut the time of subscribing, will be considered ns indefinite, and will be continued until arrearage* nre puid, or at the option of the Pro -ably he accompanied willi the Ctixh. Advertisements inserted at 75 cents per Square (12 linen or loss) for (lie first insertion, nml :>7 J cents for each subsequent insertion. All Advertisements not having the desired number >f insertions murked upon ihetn, will be coutiu- | * ] until forbid, and charged accordingly. ,iberal deductions will be made to those < .ertisiog by Contract. Transient Advertisci. .Ills must he paid for in advance. For announcing a Candidate, ?3 in advance. For advertising Es trays, ?2, to bo paid by the. Magistrate advertising. PRINTING, Of every Description and in the best ntyle EXECUTED AT THIS OFFICE: Embracing such as business cAiins, hand tiills, any size, rkcetrrs, i'ostkhs, " < hi li# iikads, ; books, i'ami'ulkts, n iurks, j blanks of nil kinds. ' The Proprietors of the Ahuevillk IIasnkb i a ami re their friends nnd the public, that their or ders for any thing in the Job Printing line will * be executed in the best, manner, nnd at as low : rates as at. nnv other establishment. From (he South. Carolinian. ' Gon. Sam'l McGowati'a Addresn. C "Writing ami printing ;ire continually go- 1 itig on willi a wonderful steadiness, all over I the civilized world. Thoughts are scattered | t ..... .1 ...? it . ...! 1 11 1 11 __ uroacKcnsL over.Mic wine wuriu, as j>ic*iiliktili v as autumnal leaves in Valle Ambrosa; hut r who reads them, or hoods ihe reading ?? I Where i.-s the man that weighs thein in a il mint-scale, and passes them through ihu t! crucible of the mind, to ascertain their unalloyed purity, and their actual value and "u importance? Alas! The tides of litera- n ture succeed each other so closely, that they a chase each other away, and no traces are r It-It iKflum! on the shores of time. The f: present lias no longer nny charm?the prcs- ti cut no interest?the fulure no hopes?to t] arrest the reader. No dainty thought, or v even a fiiiii writer, remains sulHcieutly long tl on the literary parade ground to entice a o wish, or arrest a look?to gain an admirer, v or to attract public attention?unless it be Home political favorite ism. I leave to the Yankees all their absurd and detestable isms of the day ; I only wish now to turn the ^ attention of your readers to a more agree- . able topic nearer home, in the Palmetto *' State. ll It cannot be denied that journalism has, (1 in our days, acquired a vast importance in i.? :..i T. ' tim ?uL-iiii economy. us political mlluencc is Loo evident to be questioned, siiid its cominerciul importance is also readily acknowledged ; but its scientific and literary utility ? might be greatly improved, and especially in the judgment to be exorcised in the pub-, lication of matters calculated to corrupt the mind and vitiate the taste. c Very few of your numerous readers, no j doubt, were present when Gen. McGowan { delivered his address to the Literary Society E'rskine College. Its present publica- . f;ntl of t\%/% |1/1A,I/U,? i_ u>>l uu ui uiin ouciciy. miurus ^ inc the pleasure of recalling to mind some of the impressions it produced on me at tho ^ lime of its deliver}*. It was my good for- ^ tunc to be present, and to be one of ft nu- ^ merous assembly of both sexes. It was, no doubt, the presence of so much beauty And intelligence which caused, at first and ' for an instant, the orator's voico to quiver jn spite of himself, imparling, by this over- . flow of feeling, great interest to his narration ; but he 60011 equipoised his manly, J noble and souorous voice, in the simple and ^ descriptive, but terse, narration of facts of absorbing historical interest, that had trans- j pireu on tne very spot on wLicli^ wo were , then standing. This narration transfixed the attention of nil, and every eye was scanning the dignified orator. It would require as much space , us the address itself, should I be disposed to follow my own inclination of minutely Analyzing thjs delightful literary production, "and to myself most pleasing task, but that the details of all its varied beauties would - occupy top much space. I must, however, state that much of the delight it produced , on the audience, was caused by the purity , <of his elegant diction, and the correctness of his language, which fit so nicely and so precisely to the thoughts, that they were , like, the grac^ftjl fold? of a be<?oh}jag garment, and indeed . the exact venture of liia tbottgWti. If the language, ?nd dfction, I and manner of delivery word striking iuid commanded attention, the lore contained in this animated language was equally so; and which, though clad in classic drapery, still possessed all the simplicity of an antique statue. The delivery was such as to satisfy ^he roost fastidious elocutionist. It was unambitious, recalling to my fancy the ndmi- , rably prized Ciceronian calm and composure wo are accustomed to associate with lillA a/ /v?a#Am ??* Ua MAir/tn ?uv 1'iti'w vt Arvuinu uinivio I J nv ????? failed to wann our feelings by carrying , conviction to our minds. Oiir orator baa attained yhe' highest of oratorical gifts? ^BbpJicity. . , *' On^ orator is particular poasesaed By one ' mother !dea. He causes it to predominate ?and thtii Is edscitfion and iu importanoe. Tie develops it under its various relations and anpocfs to our government, religion and *?' Sf~ manners. Its vital importance to the State, and even religion, is particularly insisted upon. Progress comes next, (for our orator is no one-idea or one-sided man,) and this is the polar star l>y which all our frail barks are to be steered over the stormy ocean of life, and education is the mariner's compass, without which we cannot shape our course. Yes, says the eloquent and philanthropic orator, get knowledge and wisdom, for they aro power; get education, for it ennobles human nature; get education, and you will make a better citizen ; but be sure to get education, if you wish lo have the dignity of a freeman. I was glad to sec that the orator had not forgotten his Alma Mater?the great abode of learning of South Carolina. I fully co iucide with the orator in the necessity of upholding a central school of philosophy, where the mind is not only to be taught the higher branches of philosophy, but where the mind is particularly awakened to individual development, and established individuality, and is trainul to think?to see truth where the common mass of mankind does only see darkness. Such is the mission of the South Carolina College. It is really refreshing ami invigorating to read, in our jays, an address fertile in suggestive ideas, md which sets us thinkin<r on things that ire not trite. The orator imparted courage 0 our spiritless souls in tlie contemplation )f the past, and extracted wisdom from its essons ; he dried up our tears for the liopeessness of tlie future, and prophetically tointvd out the bright tints of civilizing nd humanizing Christian it}', and especially estored our hopes for the peculiar perfecti ility of the American nature, as long as 1 will he based on our free institutions, and lie resj>ect due io the law. His ideas on these topics, clear as a suncam, come from the profouudcsl depths of iiorality, science and revealed truth. These re distinctly to be seen results of historical (. search. In a word, this production is .ill of well digested thoughts, and is enirely worthy of the times and of the aulinr T fim ffiluitw-Ml tliic n/l<Irn?c tvill !?/? welcomed by the patriot and the scholar, hough I own that one is sel<lom an lionred prophet at home, or in the circle in rliieli ho moves. JOSEPH TOGNO. How to be Beautiful.?Tlie following iassage is from one of l'rof. Upham's liters to tlie Congrcgationalist. He is speak::g of the capt>iiii of the steamer, isi which ie sailed from New York : " As we were about to start, I saw him nove to an elevated position above the irheel, and it was interesting to see how [Uiekly and completely the inward thought r purpose alters the outward man. He ;ave a quick glance to every part of the hip. JLie cast his eye over the multitude oming on board tlie ship, among wliom yas the American Ambassador to England, nd who may be said to embody, in his officii capacity, a nation's lights and honors. Ie saw the husbands and wives, the notbers and children entrusted to his care, nd his slender form, as he gave the orders t>r our departure, seemed at once to grow roct and firm : the muscles of his face welled ; his dark eye glowed with a new ire; and his whole person expanded and >cauti(ied itself by the power of inward miotion. "I have often noticed this interesting >henomenon, and have come to the conclulion, if man or woman either wishes to i:_ it., ft ii . i* t ? chii/mj uie iuji power or personal ueauty, t must bo by cherishing noble hopes and purposes?by lmving something to do and something to live for, which is worthy of humanity, and which, by extending tho capacities of tho soul, gives expansion and symmetry to tho body which contains iLn Tunnels.?^Tlie United States has 67 tunnels on canals and railways, the longest of which is about 1 mile. England has 48 canal tunnels of an aggregate length of 40 mile*, the longest being over 2 miles, on tho Iluddcrefield Canal. She has also 70 railway tunnels, 40 of which amount to 33 miles, the ]onge?t ucmg o nines, 'flie .longest tunnel on record, is one in tlio district of Scherrwiitz, in Hungary. Its length is variously stated at from 10 1-2 to 11 1-2 miles.. It is used to drain an exteusive scries of mines, ?nd also for the transportation of ore on railway cars. 'ffl France there are 56 tunnels on railways, and 8 on canals, 30 of which are an tggregato length of '4Ml miles. , gestof small sice is 7.45 railc?, and that of large dimensions 3.5 railfe. The Rouen snd Havre road has 8 tunnels; Paris and Lyons altto 8. On the German railways are 10 tunbels. " . Id Sardinia there is a tunnel 2 miles long, through Bit. Giovi, on the Genoa and Turin railway... Oo this road, in 25 miles through the Apennines, are 9 tfeoneis. jar. * Tom," said & man to his friend, MI ihrink it highly dangerous to keep the tills of small banks on baud now-a-days."? "Tiro,"answered the other, "I find it more difficult than dangerous." +* J?-A crown will not cure the headache, nor a golden slipper the gout. Silver from Stonas. Mr. Plee publishes in a Paris paper, the Steele, u paper upon the feasibility of supplying from paving stones, tho void left by the large consumption of silver in the arls. "There are," observes Mr. Plee, " new metals, noble and beautiful as the old ones hitherto held to be not reducible, which are no\V perfectly red need, and which, for the fabrication of every object till now fabricated in silver, would be a complete equivalent for it; and thus allow it to be exclusively consecrated to the money circulnli/\n " A Ittniiniun lioo oa ?ru ol?? know, been tlie object of considerable attention to men of science, and, no doubt, its uses will be great and stand us in good stead; but tliere is just now another discovery that is more curious still, and tlie success whereof would appear likely to be established. The use of stone is growing less ever since asphalte, macadam, and iron have superseded il, and the hard, solid paving stone is heing more neglected every day. "Now," says Mr. Plee, "if one was to declare at once, and without any preamble, that pftving stones were productive of a metal scarcely in any way distinguishable from silver; that saucepans, plalcs, forks and spoons were to be got out of a black freestone, one should be probably unmercifully laughed at, yet such is the case; the pave does contain metal, as beet roots contain alcohol and sugar; nothing can be more true." Mr. I'lec follows up his assertion by the ensuing curious details: " Take a thick lump of freestone or quart zeous silex, reduce it to powder, inix this silex when pulverized with a sufficient quantity of alkali, fuse it?you will obtain a soluble glass that you can dissolve so ?s to precipitate the silicum it contains in tlic shape of a jelly. You then take tliis last product and bavc it filtered, then re dissolved a second time in a cvanurated lixivium, so as to prodace a compound cyanurct. This operation will give you a fluid, whence there then only remains to extract the metal called silicum. Plunge into this liquid your utensils, whether of copper, iron, zinc, tin or lead ; bring the electric progress to bear upon them properly, and they will iusiutilly be Covered with lliia-lhercnt plating of silicum, which is as white as silver, and attains to the highest degree of lustre under the polisher's hand. " Other chemists," adds the writer of the | 'jicclc, " have other processes for the reduc- | ing of the silicum, and all are setting to work at it. Il i<s, therefore, to be expected that a completo transmutation will lie effected. . We shall from clay draw aluminum ; from freestone, from silex, from snnd wo shall extract silicum. These metals, given up to industry and fabrication, may replace silver for domestic purpose*, and silver be thus entirely restored to monetary circulation." The Neva U. S. Arms.?The War Department at Washington, anxious to adopt the latest improvements in all the munitions of war, have been manufacturing at the different armories a new rifle musket that is far superior to any of the small arms now in use. The barrel of this new weapon is but forty inches in lcng'h, with a calibre of 0.58 of an inch, and has three decreasing giuuira tut in ii, vriui pijjuuj yniuuitiuu from one hundred lo ono thousand yards. The locks are adapted to the use of Maynard's patent primers, which are regarded as greatly superior to the old percussion priming. The ball?on the Minnie plan? weighs 497 grains?sixty grains heavier than the round ball now in use. The new piece is one quarter of a pound lighter lhau the old one, and requires but about onehalf the charge of powder to make it equally effective to the servico charge of the other. These new rifles will probably soon entirely displace the ones now in use, as they are more relinble in service, nnd less expensive to manufacture. The Paper Plant in Wisconsin.?Under thitf head, says the Boston Post, we have before us a description of a-plant dis covered in this country by Mrs. A. L. Beaumont, of Arena. She has furnished that paper with a fine-sample of cotton, and also of flax,.from the same plant, which the describes as follows : "I- discovered -two years ago, a plant that yields both itotton and -flax from the same'root,*-and believe I am the first per. son that ever cultivated, spun, and knit frpm it. I am persuaded that any article that will make as good- cloth as can be made from this plant, will make good paper?hence I call it the . paper plant It can be planted in (he spring, and cut in the ,fal.l or winter. It Jslejftcbes itself?white as juttLwUI yield at least three or forir tfta* to t^-^re^. From a single root that I transplanted tliero grew twenty la^g* stalks, wnii^p^iee hundred and five pods, containing witli at leant sixty seeds in each. tbt*' root 1 obtained ueven ounces of pure cottoal and over half a ppund of flax. It i?a verjr I hm'vv nUnli unit (ttaoh fmm /> ?-?? I j j-.?i ?? o-""- ""r* ^ 7 wvii feethigU;" * ? . . , -= Strong AffcctUfy.-?Tkim* is * man w)ty aaya tie has betjn at evening parties oat west, where the boys and giri# hug so hard that their aide* cavd ,in. He ?ay? be ha* many of Iif$ own r?b? broken that yery way. if? a jt a ?. _ ONE HUNDRED TEARS FROM KOI This world is lovely, fuir and bright, The sunlight sweeps our brow, Twill doubtless be ns beautiful One hundred year# from now 1 The birds will sing as sweetly then Their springtide roundelays, The sunshine dance upon the hills, As in the olden days. The haunts we lored in childhood's years. Will bloani as sweetly still; Bill ollinr fiirniu ?ii.L... ~..n?v?U IU UB, Our places then will fill; The streams will glide as gently on, Willi music sweet and low. Upon whose banks nt eventide, We roamed so long ago. The same bright sun will still pursue Ilis trackless course on high, And stars as bright nnd bcuutiful Will still glentn in the sky; With lightsome step the Spring will come, With cool refreshing frhowers, With laughing brooks, with singing birds, Willi sunshine and with flowers. Although the earth will be as gay, The birds sing on each bough, They will not sing their songs for ub, A hundred years from now ! The flowers will then unfold their leaves, Hut will not bloom for us, And though it seems a distant day, It surelv will he tlnwl All liTing tilings upon the earth, Must wittier, droop and die ; And we shall soon have passed away, Like cloud tints from 'tie sky ; Faith points uh with confiding "lance, To realms where partings eeasc, Where streams of love are flowing from The crystal fount of peace. Then let us strive to win our minds From all the dreams of strife, And strive to write our names within The glorious Iwok of life ; And let us strive to win a crown, To place upon our brow, That it may all be well with us . One hundred years from now. J-'rom the Missouri Democrat. The Perils of Teaching Grammar to Youn Damsels. Mru Editor : I lmve been sendin' m dater Nancy to school to a school maste in this naborhond. Last Friday I went ovc to tlic scliool just to see how Nancy wa gettin1 along, and I sees things I did'nt lik by no means. The schoolmaster wa larnin' lier things entirely out of the I'm of eddycation, and, as I think, imprope; I set awhile in the school houso and heen one class say their lesson. They was spelliu' and I thot spoiled quite exceedingly Then cum Nancy's turn to say her lessor She said it very spry. I was shockt! an determined she should leave that school, have heerd that grainer was an oncommo fine study, but I don't want any inor granier about-'?iy house. The leson thsi Nancy sed was nothin' hut the foolishes kind uv talk, the ridicles luv talk you eve seed. She got up, and the first word sh sed was, " I love!" I looked rite at he I i r.._ -i-~: iitiiu iur uuiiijj so improper, out she wen rite on and said : " Tliou lovest., he lovest, and I reckon you never heord sucli a rig germyrole in your life?love, love, lov< and nothing hut love. She said one time " I did love." Sez I, " When did you love ?" Then th scholars luffed, but I' wasn't to be put of and I sed, " Who did you love, Nancy I want to know, who did you love ?" Th schoolmaster, Mr. McQuillister, put in, an he said he would explare when Nancy fir ished the lesson. This sorter paevfied mi and Nance went on with awful love tall It got wus and wus every word. She sec " I might, could, or would love." I stopped her again, and sed I reckon would see about that, and told her to wal i im - - ' uuvui uuuae. i no 8ciiooimHStor triei to interfere, but I wouldent let him say word. He 6ed I was a fool, and I nod him down and made him holler in shoi order. I taukt the straight thing to hint I told him I'de show him how hede lar my dater gramer. I got the nabors together, and w sent Mr. McQnillister off in a hurry, and reckon tharl be no more gramer techin' i these parts soon. If you know of an rather oldish man in your reegen th? donnt teech gramer,. we would glad you would send him up. But in the fo< ture we will bekeerfulhow we employ raei Young schoolmasters won't do, especiall if tliey tceclKM gramer. It is a bad thin for inorils. Yours till deth, Thomas Jkffkhbon Sole. ?j?? ; Stopping Keibspaper$^?\ certain tno bit bis toe against a,pebb1e, and fall beat long # the ground. He wa^Ve&$4f a* under the influence of angerjand activ self-sufficiency, hs kicked old rt other ?art right saucily.-' Wi^jhriro^erturh?blegravlt; he. looked to seethe j$t^e'7dis&l?e an oune to naught. Bui the earthr rematne< poor foot. waa injuredfn'Jj] encount&^This is the way of man. A aiuviD HI d mucn? mjQt lD weak spot, an$atraigl?twfty he send* to ato hia paper, WitS^Jtaent seltoomplftceRo ha look* to ?ee a ?Sfej when /the o^jeot i his spleen ahall cease to^H^l^or fool, I has only hit hid ovTn toe an'imag nary world that do^s not perceptibly fe | the 8h6ck, and injure* to WJ ihutbimaolf, . A Racy iilump Sp??ch. = The subjoined eloquent, grand, lofty an f. stupendous eiFort, was recently made by promising genius who had announced hiir self as a candidate for Congress: Friends and fi*il?r citizens of this nnnflit tions community, I'so ris up to give yo warnin* and make a political s|>eech, an what I'm going to speak about I'll allud to. Now, I'd like to have you pay partic ular attention, as the preacher says, whe the hoys is a pitchin' beans at his nose, say a crisis has arrived, wheels of govern tnent is stopped, the machinery need greasin1, the rudder's unshipped, the bustc biled, and h?ll's afloat and the river risin Our glorious ship of state, that, like a bol tailed gander, is floated down the peacefu current of time, has had its harmony dis turbed, and is drifting with fearful rapidit towards the shoals and quicksands of dif union, threatening to dash everything int flinders, and pick itself up in the end gone goslin'. llarken no longer, }Tc woi thy denizens of Hog Hole, Terrapin Neol and adjacent regions, to that siren Yoic that whispers in yonr too credulous ear; the too delusive sound, peace, pence, fo peace has done sloped and flewed to th other lands, or div to the depth of th mighty deep, or in the more emphatic lan gunge of Tecumseruni, gone flickerin' thro frogs of other climes, to ado the mist watcher in his dimes. Or of the great A1 exander, at the battle of Hunkers Bil who, in agony of despair, frantically shrieli "O, gravy! peace has gone like m sr.hule-boy days, and I don't care a darn ! lie was a whole horse and a team, sure. Feller citizens and gals too?in our hall of legislature, confusion runs riot and anai cliy rains supreme. Rise up, then, like pc kers in a tater patch, and shook off th dew drops of ycr hnntiu' skirts, and fel into ranks. Sound the tocsin! beat th drum ! and blow the tin horn! till th startled echoes reverberate from hill top t 2 hill top, and freni gopher hill to gophe hill, make the adamantine bills of Ne\ ' England, the ferruginous disposition of Mis souri, and the auriferous particles of Cali y forny, to prick up their ears, and, in whis 1 pcied accents, enquire of their nabors? r " what's the matter 2" c Fuller citizens and the wimmin?I ro.pea c it,-to your posts, from the tip-topmost peal s in the Ozark Mountains, and bid dufianc v to the. hull earth by hollerin' whose afonr<' ' in such thunderin' tones, that, quaken wit] terror, they'll forget what nigger is. Do a your dusty regimentals, grease the locks c '' your guns and put in new Hints, grim 1 your old scythes and make sords out o 'em, mount your horses and save your ns * tion or bust! n The time is critical?blood's goin' to b e poured out like soap suds outen a was' tul>, and every man that's got ;i soul as bij '* as the white of a nigger's cye'll be read r to fight, bleed and die for his country !? c Them's the times-?-you want men in th r councils of the nation that you can depen * on?that's me. Elect me to Congris, ani I'll stick to you through thick and thir >" likft a loan tn <1 niwiy.^'o '1>!? ' ssv- - a*"" * " not going to mnko a electioneering speed '* 1\1 scorn the act. You know me; I'v been futched up among ye; already on (h e wings of a topoliticnl imagination, I fane ' I see you march in1 up to the polls in a solit ^ phalanx, and with a shout that makes th 0 earth ring, " hurrah for Jim Smith," com down on my opponent like a thousand c brick on a rotten punkin. t ^ ^ When to Wear India Rubbers.?W 'i have noticed that many persons in our cit wear India rubber overshoes in cold, dr 1 weather, to keep their feet warm. This i k an injurious and evil practice. India rut d her shoes are very comfortable and valus * ble for covering the feet during wet, slopp weather, but they should never be worn o rt any other occasion; their sole use shoul ' bo to keep out water. They should, then n fore, bo put off whenever the wearer entet a house, and be worn as little as possibl* o because they aro air tight, and both retai i and restrain the perspiration of the feet.9 The air cannot ho excluded from them, c y from any other portion of the body, for an 't length of time, without sensibly affectio the health. It is our opinion, that no hab '* tends more to good health than clean fee V and olean dry^atockings, so as to allow th y free perspiration of the nether extreinitie g ?Scientific American. SSSr Two young ladies were singing duet . A stranger turned to his neighbo i- saying: M Doeanot the lady in white sin n wretchedly!" " Excqse me, sir," replie I l.? ilT k...,ll~ -> !!?-? i-'- ? u?, a iimuijr icui nv iiuert^ io express III d sentiments;' she' is my* sister." ?' I be >e your pardon, air," answered the other i h iqaeh . confusion, "I mean the lady i j, bljie." "You'are perfg?ilj_ dghtJi""-*?, d fopti&TlHe nt-fgEUor, -* I have told, be* so mj Sj self; she iS mJr wife." ' " " ie"v~- . %?. **? ? . r . Jivit-1 4ayB,ag<r*'man yaa.convii ' ted df^p>u rder the firtt degree %t Lbtfi viHe^. ^ who Evicted a oaoital off^uc s > d liLJHD&AiL, a "The tideoflife, swift always in its courae, M?y run in cities with a brisker force, But no where with a current so serene, Or half so clear, a<? in the rural scene." 1 From the J'ltfenl Office, liciwrl. it I , Live Fences. fl I GENERAL REMARKS ON THE FORMATION AND , C I TREATMENT OK HEDGES. h In the formation of a <|iiukset hedge, ( i the main things to he consiiluied are. tin nature of the land, whether wet or dry; ( ^ the preparation of the ground ; what kinds of plants will thrive best in the soil, whethr . I , er it he clay, loam, peat, gravel, or sand ; ^ the nature of the soil whence the plants | I are to he removed; the character of the | roots of the plants, whether they creep | near the surface or penetrate deep into the ( ^ earth; the age and size of the sets; and . the modes and seasons of planting, pru- < ning, repairing, <fcc. If the land he low, moist, or wet, it must either he ditched or drained, or planted with willows or other '' aquatic shrubs ; if it be moderately moist j or dry, the plants may be set on the embankincnt of a ditch, or on the iilain sur- . r I face of the ground, without a ditch. Those e ... 1 plants which are raised in a nursery are to be preferred to all others, and if produced on a spot near the place, it will be best. As a general rule, the belter the ground is r nrennrerl tli<> sminoi- tl>? ...:m :.... 1 I- 1 1 j :it maturity, ami the longer will be its dn' ration. Again, the modes of planting ami ' pruning, as well as the soil, manure, situa- ' lion, temperature, ifcc., should be varied to suit the nature of the plant; and, on the 1 contrary, the plants should be selected and 1 s treated in reference to the condition of the 1 climate, situation, and soil. And in no 1 case should a hedge be formed where any ' other kind of fenco can be made cheaper, 1 whether it be composed of iron, wood or 1 G j stone, always taking into account its durac * bility, as well as its first cost. ? In the management of live fences of ' r ... . I every description, an important point to be % considered is, to keep them dense near ' ! the ground, and as impervious as possible to wind and animals; for which purpose ' the transverse section of the hedge should be made broader at the base than at the top, in order that the exterior leaves of the , plants may receive in an conal decree the full influence of light, air. and perpendicu- f I lar rains. Hut let it bo remembered that, notwithstanding it takes time to form a ' li ? ? good hedge, it makes the cheapest fence in the end, particularly in parts of the country 1 j where other fencing materials are costly or ' scarce. The ground occupied by a hedge on a farm is not available either for grazing or tillage, and the farmer, therefore, in forming his fences, where land is costly, I should be careful to have as little land thus occupied as possible. The larger the en- ( ^ closures the less will be the waste of ground, ' ^ and a straight fence will occupy less room than one which is crooked. In the ploughe ;?? o ? - ' J ...fe Htm, .Iiuicuvu, inert) will lie a j material saving of time and labor, and the work will be better done, if the fi-nees are * straight; and if thero is a good length of furrow, there will also be required fewer ] turns of the team. Q In respect to the training and general culture of hedges, >u general, it may be ^ observed that all such as are liable to be 1 eaten by cattle must be fenced until the C ( plants are fully trained. For the first two years, the hedges must be kept free of weeds; and if it is designed to train them 1 in proper form, close and neat, they must e be clipped both on the sides and tops, once y or twice a year, but never less than once, 1 y say from the last of June to tho end of s August. They should always bo clipped into a conical or elliptical form, as the di minution of the branches towards the top J y increases the development of the plants at n the bottom, in consequence of the greater j elaboration of tho sap in those parts and , j. the free admission of air, light, and rain. 3 [The following are a few of tho plants, a ? shrubs, <fec., usually employed for hedging, , ? which we take from a long list contained ^ _ in this article:]?Ed. Banner. , (r ARBOR VIT-E?(Thuja occidental is) This species of thuja, the oniy one discovered in America, is particularly, valuable j ^ for an evergreen hedge, not only on ac,t count of its hardiness and wide geograph- . e ical range, but from the beauty of its folis age and compactness of growth', which . render it well adapted to conceal unsightly objects, and as a 6holter for gardens and . a nursery grounds exposed to chilling winds. r> It bears the knife well, and also- the g shears. 3 The young shrubs may be planted alter- ^ y nateiy in two rows .from 20 to 64 inches fif apart on;a ridge of earth' slightly elevated n above the common level, of the grouh'4 '<5r n on an embank men tw i ih onejgr-tw q xl itch**. Ttm"tiraliclies ofone ro.w wni entwine them' selves with those of the other/an^ _fo*m a * thick tufted mass, which should bo con- . n ing^Atfeo/wMe en?JPgh J native of China, and has been adopted as a hedge-plant in the Sonthern States, as far north as latitude 34?, for at least sixty, jcars. It is noted for its long, flexible branches, large, white flowers, bright-green foliage, and long, straggling and rapidgrowth. It is readily propagated by cuttings, and may be formed into a hedge by ' ' '\ throwing up a ridge of four or six furrows '? with tlie plough, afterwards opening tlio :cntre by another furrow, and planting the tlips therein, about a foot apart, covering '.hem 0 inches deep, leaving one end out, pointing towards the sun ; taking care to press the earth compactly around them kvitli the feet. If properly trimmed, a todge of this sort will afford n sufficient arrier against all stock in four years. If eft unpi nned, l lie shoots'are liable to ex.end in all directions from 10 to 20 feet.? l'ho cost per mile has been estimated at Mo. SPANISH BAYONET.?(Yucca aloifolia.) The leaves of this elegant plant are furlished at the extremity with most formidaL>le spines; and spreading out horizontaUy, lie)' inflict serious wounds, if encountered l?y animals or man. Its growth is principally confined to Florida, where it is nscd is an impenetrable hedge. OUANfiE, OSAGE.?(Madura aurautiaeca.) The Osage Orange, the favorite hedgo|>latit of tliu United States, is too well known to require a lengthened description lore. From its hardihood, rapid growth, enaeily of life, facility of propagation, as well as its unrivalled beauty and protec.ion against animals of various kinds,, us utility no longer remains an experiment. > Hedges of the rarest beauty and excellence ,iave long been growing near Boston, I'hilulelphia, and Cincinnati, as well as in Ken:uekv, Tennessee, Northern Missouri, and n siiorr, in an tno Aiuitiie ami Southern States. Some of these fences have been' landing for twelve or fourteen years, and .Iieir brandies liave become so interlocked, guarded as tliev are by tbeir enorniouH spines, that no farm stock can pass through hem. Tliev are also free from the attacks >f insects and aniinnls of all kinds. ?n,4_-~ i,. ... -.i ?_ i iii.i life uu*j i vumiij ujn seeds, from which it will grow sufficiently arge in throe years to form a hedge. It iuccecdn best on hind moderately rich?. iucIi, for instance, as will produce good Tn]iati corn ; but it will <rrow in almost anv ioil tlial is not too moist. The line of ground intended for a hedge should first be lug and well pulverized?any from 12 to18 indies deep, nnd 2 feet wide, along the centre of which the plants may boset When the O.-age Orange is tube planted is a hedgv1, if the sub-soil be poor, it is reiommended to dig a trench in .the direction )f the intended hedge, 2 or three feet wide, ind as many deep, and to fill np the apac* " ' with good surface-soil taken from the neigh wring ground or elsewhere. The soil in. lie trcnch should be raised at least a foot ibove ihc adjoining surface, to allow for . > settling; and along the middle of this ridge,. .lie plants bjiould be set from u foot to-18' \ nches apart. 1 <.' ] The seeds, before sowing, should le soaked in tepid water, in a warmVoom, for ,hree or four days; or they may be mixel ivith equal parts, by measure, of moist. jnrtli, and exposed a few weeks, in opeh toxes, to wintry weather, on the sunny side > .f/ >\ a uunumg, m order to freeze and thaw. ft is proforablo to sow them e;rrly. in#_ ,he spring, in n garden or nursery,/where*. .lioy will shortly after germinate and form /,VV"3. fOuug plants. These should be carefully "; needed or hoed during the first season^ . * . * - ' * * *v.. growth, and transplanted in the hedge-line ^ V N n the month of March or April of. the fol.- ' lowing y; ar. * % . . Value of Farm-Yard Duing.?ilFarmyard dung is the paramount means' of "far- . . ; tility on the farm,' it is the farmor'a slieetinchor, and every other manure ihuatbe : regarded only as auxiliaries. It is null;; ' :u_ j>1 J ; _ , . - '.'.y.- 83eBB33 ^ehmiuio an u ury season, anu superior U> 7' ?f3g3r! ill tDauurcB thenStepficw? .Farmed? \ Guide. _ ;*y \[+-. Truer words" were never writUa^jo^iyg^^^ \ liow few farmers take the proper mearia to r accumulate farin-yard roW it from deterioration, aa tuey atioiitd. nure accumulated in the bftrn-^flr^,itf'pT,op-" .; ' erly cared fojr, would be worth ^ much na is the -ordinary, stuff which is/car- -.'v. led,out upon the fielda;ip spqng; Chra / ihoulJ be taken (o pjevent tbe <] ^i^e-iV^^b^