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^ : " ^ ^ > ' ' """ " ^ ' " "" ; ^ ?? . ' >. v v' 4< LIBERTY i^D MY N;\??r, SOIL." ^ f VOLUME Y. .. . ?,. 'K^v ' = -rf" ' '* ' NUMBER 47. " \ , : . v '; j ABBEVILLE <)/ j| S. C? lyBRUARY^ 10, 1840 I'uL'iMinl every Saturday morning by CI 1 MILKS 11. A EL EN, r.oiroic and ruui'KiK-ron. TLItJlS. Ou? EJoiiai* ami Fifty rent*, Invariably in A il v a 11 c e." ADV'IOiiTISEMfcJNTS, intserled 14 ^75 ct?. per h<[uuio of twelve liucs forlhS'Tiri.t f'iSprtioii, ami J 7 1-iJ ct?. for ouch continuance. Those not having ihc dc.iir?d number of *lrt^*rtio?8 marked upon then, will l)o '.'oiiliuucd nnfti, ordered out , and ch.irgod ucc<);'aliii<riy. I 03* liilr.iys Tolled, }^^.00,lo be paid by ll!os"Wf*-y J" Evr uiluoanciiig a Candidate, ^2.C0, in advancc. 03* Tiio Postage must be paid upon all letters ? a"'' c<,:":l,iu,icul'?"s t!> sccure attention. ? ' Vrom Ik: W.is'iiuglon Utiou. I ISfSFT * "AS> or TI1J3 jBte. sou r.i::.cs nar.saATUS is cos - li?ve to u. .iwd : na .ifofco,, lilo i.ih'; Wjutfi ?JvVir |ire4of?te.l for yoiif ctfij' *r;. - . .?-i i.-i' tii,i.i. \V - alia lo Vrt llic conflictbo.. .two-'n t'l i?vj? giviu^st'ctioiis of Ui?? Union, , row i u?? out oi ? liir-iv.ici: of opinion in rcl<:r>-ii.:?: to the relation rxistiii?r buivvciMi tuo. i-.vo iMciM,-the L'j iropuiiii and African, -.vliicli iiiiiaim ilioSou.li.-ni section, '*"K' l'ie i,cli n^^jrcdiioii un I encroach1 JiKMit to which it has le I. .? ' The conflict commenced not lnii? alter . lilt; itcUn-iw l(Nl<ri.-!ii<'iit ul our iiidejii'tijeiice^ gr.idualy increased until it ho^^fdyed -j?--' sf^.jffitlic ai cat b.?.ly of ihe?\orth agahjrenhe South : on litis o.o.st vital subject. I'iic progress c'"'fli'ji, ng^rnasiyiThits followed'ag?*< '&&& '' bivssi"1': a" '?' "' 'i o.jejtfmenl encroachment, uiifil !i??*y liuvo nWie.l a point when a re ^SjB^V^a.rtl lor yt)ui<j)su<fir;tuiJ sal?ly will uoi per*\nit its t.> silent. The object uiuiTv.a i>!r*'jjjptu give you a clear ci?rr> ii, l?"i tTvj^rtu-coiJiii of tsic ivtloin series 1 i?:i*I encroachinciyts on your >.? : ;? a statement of the dung re- lo;. - ? u:>-y cx|n)sb you. 1 ' ''iking it is nil! 'o cans*' ejccueiiiettt^:vb'ut''Vor'" p"t \ou tn At^l jiOs.-jeT?'00 ail l^e facts anil Vircit n > i;iiy&js necessary to a toll and just <ty^|y?<vfl^||d^p-3eated disease, ''.yhitli t-1 to you (inj iuc wiiuic . iit a ]>opiiUr^yyi-riwii- ijt "like on.3, a foe conception ofiHq,' aclu.i I character auti stale ol a di^ehse is i?KU?!>cnsib!e to eflecu ing-a cure. . \V? have made it a joint a34res?: because we believe that I lie iii-i^niiude oTli^ subject SS^;7.: required lliat iishotil I a?s-j:ne the nTiwtainWSSBffz?' pressive and 6$eniu ibi ;n. '"wi KPs. Not back, the diflT-rences ol mgg-y opinion reii-rciico to the reia? ?Sp*v; lion b'etvy^^nw^Wft[r1ic*-8, disclosed it-eif S^K&fc. i ii the coil vent idii ItliHt iraim><l i lw # Vnuiiin. lion, a nd %onstVtdl?d one of the grnalest dil Bp?! >' liuiliies in.fonuift^jt. Alier many olluris, it whs overcome l?y a compromise, ivhicn l^iM- providfii in the fi-.si plae.e, thai itepresent.i^^^^;,tivt;s un>l direct uxes shall lie apportioned ~ niuong Ihe Siiites according to their r'espec A^ BgSKtiva'huinbei's j and that, in ascertaining ibtv mn-ti.h/?r:<if t-:n:h. iivu &)? ve? s'li";i 11 beestjina-. 5;:;vr ' ' -ted us three. In the next, that slaves escaping ioio States where slaveiy does not ex> jst, shall not be discharged from servitude, V-it but shall bo delivered up on claim of the party to whom tl^ir labor or s rvico i.s due. | tin the thud iliai Congress shall not probibiiXhejmifor^Uon .ol slaves before the iot exceeding ten dollars each imported.? A;Ijj.?tation or direct lax shall be|)rOj>oriion to federal nwinher$v^i(^aiTfiu.^no amendment oj^lffe ..Conduction, prior to 180S. fchalLtjfl^ct ihis r.provi>ipn^nor that relaiing^jg^pTiniporia ,So satisfactory were ibgfjrprovisiims.thfU ^?de^'v>"Pl ^ lU^^^^^SS^ery, and ntake a spociwIT'uie^'m'st"1^*^d>;; ThBy- go Iii^corpora^ n i^^^ ?T_" .iffi'-.t 4 mice, tln? South had no cause tojjbmplain prior lo 1819?-a year, it is to ^Je'aredj destined to mark a train of events, bringing with them many, gro^tfjund latal disasters on the country undlta institutions. With i?coitomenced thu ugitating debate on tho question of tilt, ud mission of Missouri into the Union. We shall puss l?y for the present this question, and otfrers of the same kind, directiy" growing out of it, and shall proceed to consider the effects of thpt snjirft*' of discorJ, which it roused up between the two sections. It first d isclgSjid-itgcU' in the 'TftTTrh?J^w4?vU+rr-t3Tnrt^r,w.r.;,... ,->f .1. i sttiuiiou which provides lor the delivering', u;> of fugitive slaves. In its progress it ledlo the udo|>tiuti ot'hoitilo nets, intended to render it ol" none-effoct, und with so much success that it uiay be regarded now as practically expunged from Ihu Constitution. How thii has been effected will be next explained.. AftCMi careful exatnination, truth CO&-' Rowing words': No pcrsoii h^ld io sci^ ; vic?', or litbor, in oae Slute, lindor tiie li<v*9 thereof, escaping into another- S.tute, shall irt con^-qnrnce ol any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such, service or labor, but shall he delivered up on cluim qf < the party 10 whom such sen ice or labor .tnay 1 be. duo. All is clear. There is not an un- j certain or equivocal word, to ho found in the- J whole provision. What shall not be done, n !v'X ^ 1 the fugitive slave etiiiil not be discha^jwi*,, from his servitude by any law or ftr^Blaiion |1 of itie Stale wberejjvhe id found.; ajul Iht-' jattcrythat he shall be delivered up oriblaiai I uf his owner. We do not deern it necessary to uutJerT 1 take to refute (be sophistry aud subterfuges ' by which so plain a provision of the Cousti- ' ution has been evaded, and, in ellect, an-. ^ nulled. It couatitut'i^s an eas^iitial part of the constitutional campuct, aod b(>cpurse the ' supreme la\v of Ah^lft^d/^^ .isuch ii is cniiuciiw.xuD -o??ipa,. ui,u , wiohiiui viu.uuto "ebmp^uigT.tbem.Tiije;. gacred.-obligaiion of compact,! ;an4 '^th?i solemni nju ncMoi) oJ lile supreme fii\vf which legislates and iiiilgea, both federal and Slate, are bound "by L?'i<10 fcnppoi t, all unite to cntorce its fulfilment, uCw'.'rding to its plain meaning and true intent. vV.^' Ibai. meaning andintent are, there was no dive.V.^V of opinion about in the butler days 01 |he Rep"^'ie prior to 1819. CJongre**, JStato Lt-^islaluri?<a. SJfni?? ?rwl Ph/Ii?1???1 Iiifl?r^c* n ml IVIzinr^i^ isiraies/and People,;all spo;it.uieou>Jy p!a- 1 8?(|yllMNMma4?p^p^r.'llltirit^U!rMtt^'During thai period none mierpused impediments in the wayoi'the owner seekiti?* tu recover bis fugitive slave ; nor did any deny bis right to have every pro er facility to enforce his claim to have Uiin delivered up. it was then nearly Tib easy to recover one found in a Northern Slate, as one found in a ueighborrtig Southern Stale. But this has passed away and the provision is defunct except piil'hajw in two. States.* . ^<$jif:hen ue lakp jpto consid^ratioti ihe.imi parlance and clearness < Hhis provision, the' t>vjisiiin hv which it hus been set asidt; mar - T J -7 , V tairly be regarded us one of tiie most fatal Mows ever received by the South and the Union. This cannot oe more concisely and correctly stated, than it has been by two learned Judges of the Supreme Court of the U. S. In one of his decisionsf Judge Story said: w Historically, it is well known (hat the object of this clause was to secure to the citizens of^the slaveholding Stateg the cornslaves, as property in every State otmiNiq 1u(j| iihu willed iucj iiuiii iuo State wherein they were bdidjn servitude." The full recognition of (hw rlght and title was indispensable to I be security of thid species of properly,in nil the sin vehqlding Suites, and, indeed, was so vital to ihe^reservution of their interests and insmn(^t|^!Mt;it cannot bu?je betin formed/ It* true dcttgn was to guiird aguiust the dortii'nta^jand orincinloa nrAvilHiii in AnlmlaSiiiM in any wny r o 1 a t e,- cin I r o lr fy, re 8lra'n" I> The opiutv <e o$ jQajrhelrjudges | was not loss .ticjlw> the importance of this pro .) amfu\e nnqnt-atioimWu right of the SoiJthu^etii Judge B ildwin!* in charging the^ury, saiA:^ "If -thejre art; any riglr.Sv<jf property \\luch can . lie enforcmljjf^no citizen h$veauy right of'prd-utrtty which are irivkjlahk undef<the protection ol the sunrpmn-Iiiwm -m.H (lie Union, they are those yfcjiich .have been set at naught by some ofj;lre$e: d^e'ii'd(iol8. As the owner ol property^?ttiph ^Be;h<\d u perfect right to possess, piUect, and take away?as a ciiizen o( a. siaUr'StuteientiUeii to all the privileges zens of any olber ^Striles^ i\^r.\Johnsori stands beloro you oil grouudywhicVen6 no I be taken (roni utiJ.e'r?h'? ground on "which"tbev^overtirien't\iUell is bused, If the defendants^ cuW:'Ue ^si.tSe'tJ, we. have. no. .1 ong e r':&$?*** wuuid m. 1-JuL in spite ot .lUesu. solemn toe violation then coinmcncud, and ?yaj.c&ihey were intended to rebuke, has.-tfer^luUy flB^^erjecUycoasutTitnitieJ. . ilir-ir attempt their &luve?7?i4tv moet, instead erution, rcsistfiTnyj in every^f<*Vn^ unce Irqm hostileto leg is limp11! Intetfd-; tu 10 name una Itiefl^cuiuns DV an sorts of devices, ami by inlejdN^g'evflry Jes'cription ot impediment; rw&iuc<' lo>w?, judges und niagistruiekj unci ntoally, vvh*m nil these f*i I, lruin moh?pcoinp66e(f hi whiles utid Mucks, which, ti/ threats or force, restiutf-thue .Iuff U -I'mion of his rjjghTful o w'1 'he atterafit to recover u bluve, in most qf tlie Njjrfihjfrn States cuimct no w he-made vofoout lira haza$.;gfe m&ult, heavy pecuniary I w^imprison tftfrnTT" and even ol life, itself Alrea^lfiSSTa worthv citi7.cn' ?.f SVl.irvlmiilllXvat hlfi lifin in mil kmg an attempt to^ptfiorce his claim to a lugitive Blave uiidcf this provision. : But u pryvkidfi of the Constitution -imay I he violat^HmJirL'clly as wt II as direc||y--bv (L/rrtgiin net in its nature inconsistent yrtfh tb,;J which is enjoined to bedonS^iOf this fom of vio.Stion^Here is a stance connected witn provia^ft 'ttttucf consideration. We ?,'Jtfde to ^CTe^cOrhbinaiions which are bdl^v^d; *<> A*iel in in >si of tha Northern 'Smie'3,I object is to entice, dccoy, eritrafV;?yi.?ejgle,and seduce slaves to escape frotj}:)Jj^ir;oWn ur?, ttiiu iu IUCIU PCurn*Xw-PHpif|j by means organised;.ibc.vthe^ju^^fv-.)nto'' Canada, where they will bp^.^00^lhe reach ol the proyiaion., ery, by concetil mciU plainly repugnant to itj tfpjro&tfflifiiitQjfr would be, is to/equire illu8traUo4^>(^y,^^^i^gnant as these coinbinatiaas |?r^,l^ 't^9, true intent of the provision, it .i?, bdli$Yed lUui, with the above States within whos^ljinits adopted any measure/Vo^auppre^ffiltt^ to punish those by;-whb^-?gtt.iic/.^M?^ (or which thoy Were fortiieil ia cjrru^nto A?aAtiiiArt fin 'ikrf'Vrt?i(fn'fir ' 1 lidit>T" iHu va CO V e ty, io the guwfSinn ova nee and heavy pecuniary loss " ^ 'When we take into cltauidclklion tha groat iiinport*ijc^of one of the ends for wfiich ijtWOnnstituiion was established, Wo refer to thtMVsleiiiHtic agitation.of the question by the wboUtionists, which, .commencing iu I83o, is still continued in all possible forms. Their (avowed intention is to bring about a state oTt+iings that will force emancipation on the Sotittk^Xo unite the North' in fixed Hostility to sTHxgry in the South, and to excite disco:iientmfrft*^a_mong the.-slaves with their condition., areffmoog the means employed to effect it. \VMtha^VhrtP-'fobring about the former, every means are tesorted to in order to render the South, and the relation between the two races there, odious and hateful the North. For tius purpose, societies and newspapers are everywhere established, debating clubs opened lecturers employed,-"pamphlets and other publications, pictures and petitions to Congress, resorted to,, and directed to that sin ^ ri^^ ii v it j| * for firte'en yeara, not without'doingmuch towards ejecting the object jntendiid. We regurd both object and means to be aggres* sive and dangerous to tho rights of the South, and subversive, as filaitd, of one of ihe-cnd* fop' which the Constitution was established, whether it should be abolished or not; ana u it ue esiaDiisneu. wiieiner n i shouldfce abolished or not. . Such being the clear anil unquestionable right of the Slates, it follows necessarily that it would be a flagrant net of aggression on a State, ileatfuetive bf its- righ:s,? ar.d aubvefaiwapjtf? its independence, (or the- Federal Xi&s&Ttjment, or,oue or nior^filft^-ffPijheTr pb'o'ple, ,toUTnlertak?r?tS^Torce on itWo^manci pat ion of its slaves. " But it is a gaunil ihaxiin in ! politics, jjs well as law and tnorals, that no ont^haJBg rii'tit lo do that indirectly winch ^VTMUhotdo uirucily ; and it may he udiied withTBqjiul truth, io aid, or abet, or^'CFuntenance'yrh^er m doiiijj^iu r.Aiid yet {be A bo I u iun i if i h?-Norlii, opt)tily avowing their int?jjfl6nf ?nd "restoring to the most eifi^ietffin '-iiiis for the purpose !haro been ^Ifreiopting to bring about a state of things to fo;cf ihu ouuiuurn States to emancipate their slate?, without any rfct on the purtol aw Northern States to airest or suppress ibeSn cans by which they propose toaccomntialttat Kn V A k.u<? nikfm ? f 4x> rl 9 /\ rvlll> pusu'iu a. tiw j iiavu uwu .ppiiumcu iupui< sue ihfeirobiect, and to use whatever mentis they please ; ihwiihout aid.^r^ounte nance, also without resistan^^r disapjh^l^n.*.' What gives a deeper shade" lo tlie^fcj affair, is the fact, that ono of the meanvio effect their object, that of exciting discontent among our slaves, tend* directly to subveil what its preamble declares lo be one | fifthe ends lor which the Constitution was orduiut'ti and established; "lo ensure domestic tranquility " ?nd that is the only Way in Which domestic tra."?*QWility is likely eve? to be disturbed iti the Suuti'i. Certain it Is, that an agitation so systematic', having fcuch an object in vipw, and sought ;i6; b? cajried iotb execution ;bysuch mean?, pp reeled,:iihd if not heeded, aa'appeal to arms ;for redre??i Such being the case where ari aggreBsion of the kind take's place omong independent nations, how much more aggravated must it'bo between confederated States, where the Union preclude* an appeal to arms, while it affords a medium th'rough wli ich it can operate with' vasily increased force and effect t That it would fee perverted to such- a use, never entered .into the imagination* -.of the generation which formed and adopted the and, if it had been suppoisedi^^ML^ft'is certain that tho Suui^^jj^B^iiL.havo : irii^^tfof^iissouri into (bf yCThion, and jtjpf proceed to give a brief sketch ol'tLe Jweurrences connected with it, and the condolences to which it has directly led. In that even the condition imposed Oil it by tlio i . Federal Constitution, relates noi to the for. ination of it? (government, hut its iiiluitSMoii into tlie Union. Fur that purpose, it pro* vides us a condition, that tlio Government must be Uepublicau. ,'y y . They claimed that CongrEfS hairtffo tfghV to ndd to tins condition, and ihufto assume would be tantamount to tho^rfEsumption of the riyht to nia'Uo its entire^Constitulion and - . Government;?limitation could bo ? * % j,i ,, -impo3od,'?yfo the extent of the right, il it be uilnutted that it exists ut all. Those who .. >* \ supported the amendment denied these gruunu*, una Claimed me ngnt oi congress ''f'i'SFS;. to impose, ill discretion, wbut conditions it v * ' pleated In this agitating debate the two the South in favor of (be bdl without aineru!- y m ml, a n d t 11| o j^wi 11 * o^i^t f. tho ease, it r ouired no ureal eftbrt of mind tb perceive, that Missotiri, once iu po-session of a Constitution anJ Government, notsimpl/Spn paper, hut with legislators elected, andolfiiters appointed, to carry them into ' effect, the grave questions would be pre. ? ? sented whether she whs of right a State or '. Territory, and, if the former, whether Con- .. *' - 'ISBcSB'' avess had the right, and tf the right, tho power, to abrogate the' ConsiitUiioo, dis* perse her Legislature, and to remand her ' back to the territorial condition. Thesis time was, ho\v to eslipo from the difficulty. Fortunately n means wus afforded. A Compromise ( is it was , ' .called) was ofTer ftd, bused on the terms, that - tne iNortn btiouki cease 10 oppose mo uuuussiou of Missouri on Inn grounds for which v ihe South contends, and (hut the provisions j? of the ordi nunce ol 1787, for (lie govern- '' ' meat.ofthe Northwestern Territory, should, - . be applied to all the territory ucqnired by '-V, ' . the.United States from France under the . / * ''' ' , treaty of Louisiana lying North of 36 30, , except the portion tying in Ihe Stute ofMis-;:i-uV:' y\y" fourj. The Northern membeis embraced'; . ; / it; and, although not ot igtnuting with tliem^ ; ? !>. v adopted il as iheir own. It was forest tnrougftMoiigriM i.y tuea.most vpw# v -v- -Jof the North, ag-iiust h niinoi i.y coiugging aluiusi entirely of membuis tVuu^h<reouth- '' Such was the termjjWftl^fH)! this, the fir>t, * IWmfl^ct under tjyi fffiinlitiitirin hrtiri rn ihn two jecHiHfsJmre fere nee to slavery in eonneciion with the territories. Many hailed it as a permanent ami final adju*tinrni tiiat -'^Hk would pievi nt,the recurrence ol similar c??n. - ' : iffBH flicts ; hut others, less sanguine,- look the opposite and more gloomy view, regarding , it as the precursor oi a train of events which might rend the Union asunder, and pros* Iffiie our political system. One of tln-se ... .u?a !>< ?.?nprii>ni!i>(l mid samirions JrfTi-r fon. Thus (ai*, time would seein to favor j?ViTcV,"?nd /projecting "Providence'*u vert their final fulfilment. 'V For ihany years the subject of slavery in reference to the territories ceased to agitato the country. Indications, however, counec- * ted with the question of annexing Texas, showed clearly that it was ready to break out again, with redoubled violence, on some fiiture occasion. The difference in the case of Tex as was adjuited by extending the Missouri Compromise line to 36 30, from 'At'.SJjjfBi The tvar wiih Mexi^^^^tolhll^. ?^djti5ai^ilfer that terminated in the acquidiiion'^KUjMBflBH|H^^'f- './ ' Mexico and Upper .California, on ore* eqiial to about one-half of the entir?L.; vulley ofihe Mississippi. If to this we nd(J>Vv ?. ''Y^^'r. : ?he portion of Qregop acknowledged to ha'-jS^ ourrbyih?\ recent treaty with England, r ?i? whnln territory on th? Pacific nnd west i' v :