The Abbeville banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1847-1869, February 10, 1849, Image 1
^ : " ^ ^ > ' ' """ " ^ ' " "" ; ^ ?? . '
>. v v' 4< LIBERTY i^D MY N;\??r, SOIL." ^ f
VOLUME Y. .. . ?,. 'K^v ' = -rf" ' '* ' NUMBER 47. " \
, : . v '; j ABBEVILLE <)/ j| S. C? lyBRUARY^ 10, 1840
I'uL'iMinl every Saturday morning by
CI 1 MILKS 11. A EL EN,
r.oiroic and ruui'KiK-ron.
TLItJlS.
Ou? EJoiiai* ami Fifty rent*,
Invariably in A il v a 11 c e."
ADV'IOiiTISEMfcJNTS, intserled 14 ^75 ct?. per
h<[uuio of twelve liucs forlhS'Tiri.t f'iSprtioii, ami
J 7 1-iJ ct?. for ouch continuance. Those not having
ihc dc.iir?d number of *lrt^*rtio?8 marked
upon then, will l)o '.'oiiliuucd nnfti, ordered out
, and ch.irgod ucc<);'aliii<riy. I
03* liilr.iys Tolled, }^^.00,lo be paid by ll!os"Wf*-y
J" Evr uiluoanciiig a Candidate, ^2.C0, in advancc.
03* Tiio Postage must be paid upon all letters
? a"'' c<,:":l,iu,icul'?"s t!> sccure attention.
? ' Vrom Ik: W.is'iiuglon Utiou.
I ISfSFT * "AS> or TI1J3
jBte. sou r.i::.cs nar.saATUS is cos
- li?ve to u. .iwd : na .ifofco,, lilo
i.ih'; Wjutfi ?JvVir |ire4of?te.l for yoiif ctfij'
*r;. - . .?-i i.-i' tii,i.i. \V - alia lo Vrt llic conflictbo..
.two-'n t'l i?vj? giviu^st'ctioiis of Ui?? Union,
, row i u?? out oi ? liir-iv.ici: of
opinion in rcl<:r>-ii.:?: to the relation rxistiii?r
buivvciMi tuo. i-.vo iMciM,-the L'j iropuiiii and
African, -.vliicli iiiiiaim ilioSou.li.-ni section,
'*"K' l'ie i,cli n^^jrcdiioii un I encroach1
JiKMit to which it has le I.
.? ' The conflict commenced not lnii? alter
. lilt; itcUn-iw l(Nl<ri.-!ii<'iit ul our iiidejii'tijeiice^
gr.idualy increased until it ho^^fdyed
-j?--' sf^.jffitlic ai cat b.?.ly of ihe?\orth agahjrenhe South
: on litis o.o.st vital subject. I'iic progress
c'"'fli'ji, ng^rnasiyiThits followed'ag?*< '&&& ''
bivssi"1': a" '?' "' 'i o.jejtfmenl encroachment,
uiifil !i??*y liuvo nWie.l a point when a re
^SjB^V^a.rtl lor yt)ui<j)su<fir;tuiJ sal?ly will uoi per*\nit
its t.> silent. The object
uiuiTv.a i>!r*'jjjptu give you a clear ci?rr>
ii, l?"i tTvj^rtu-coiJiii of tsic ivtloin series
1 i?:i*I encroachinciyts on your
>.? : ;? a statement of the dung re- lo;.
- ? u:>-y cx|n)sb you. 1
' ''iking it is nil! 'o cans*' ejccueiiiettt^:vb'ut''Vor'"
p"t \ou tn At^l jiOs.-jeT?'00 ail l^e facts anil
Vircit n > i;iiy&js necessary to a toll and just
<ty^|y?<vfl^||d^p-3eated disease, ''.yhitli
t-1 to you (inj iuc wiiuic .
iit a ]>opiiUr^yyi-riwii- ijt "like on.3, a
foe conception ofiHq,' aclu.i I character auti
stale ol a di^ehse is i?KU?!>cnsib!e to eflecu
ing-a cure.
. \V? have made it a joint a34res?: because
we believe that I lie iii-i^niiude oTli^ subject
SS^;7.: required lliat iishotil I a?s-j:ne the nTiwtainWSSBffz?'
pressive and 6$eniu ibi ;n. '"wi
KPs. Not back, the diflT-rences ol
mgg-y opinion reii-rciico to the reia?
?Sp*v; lion b'etvy^^nw^Wft[r1ic*-8, disclosed it-eif
S^K&fc. i ii the coil vent idii ItliHt iraim><l i lw # Vnuiiin.
lion, a nd %onstVtdl?d one of the grnalest dil Bp?! >'
liuiliies in.fonuift^jt. Alier many olluris,
it whs overcome l?y a compromise, ivhicn
l^iM- providfii in the fi-.si plae.e, thai itepresent.i^^^^;,tivt;s
un>l direct uxes shall lie apportioned
~ niuong Ihe Siiites according to their r'espec
A^ BgSKtiva'huinbei's j and that, in ascertaining ibtv
mn-ti.h/?r:<if t-:n:h. iivu &)? ve? s'li";i 11 beestjina-.
5;:;vr ' ' -ted us three. In the next, that slaves escaping
ioio States where slaveiy does not ex>
jst, shall not be discharged from servitude,
V-it but shall bo delivered up on claim of the
party to whom tl^ir labor or s rvico i.s due. |
tin the thud iliai Congress shall not
probibiiXhejmifor^Uon .ol slaves before the
iot exceeding ten dollars
each imported.?
A;Ijj.?tation or direct lax
shall be|)rOj>oriion to federal
nwinher$v^i(^aiTfiu.^no amendment oj^lffe
..Conduction, prior to 180S. fchalLtjfl^ct ihis
r.provi>ipn^nor that relaiing^jg^pTiniporia
,So satisfactory were ibgfjrprovisiims.thfU
^?de^'v>"Pl
^ lU^^^^^SS^ery, and ntake a spociwIT'uie^'m'st"1^*^d>;;
ThBy- go
Iii^corpora^ n i^^^
?T_" .iffi'-.t 4
mice, tln? South had no cause tojjbmplain
prior lo 1819?-a year, it is to ^Je'aredj destined
to mark a train of events, bringing
with them many, gro^tfjund latal disasters
on the country undlta institutions. With
i?coitomenced thu ugitating debate on tho
question of tilt, ud mission of Missouri into
the Union. We shall puss l?y for the present
this question, and otfrers of the same
kind, directiy" growing out of it, and shall
proceed to consider the effects of thpt snjirft*'
of discorJ, which it roused up between the
two sections. It first d isclgSjid-itgcU' in the
'TftTTrh?J^w4?vU+rr-t3Tnrt^r,w.r.;,... ,->f .1. i
sttiuiiou which provides lor the delivering',
u;> of fugitive slaves. In its progress it ledlo
the udo|>tiuti ot'hoitilo nets, intended to
render it ol" none-effoct, und with so much
success that it uiay be regarded now as
practically expunged from Ihu Constitution.
How thii has been effected will be next explained..
AftCMi careful exatnination, truth CO&-'
Rowing words': No pcrsoii h^ld io sci^ ;
vic?', or litbor, in oae Slute, lindor tiie li<v*9
thereof, escaping into another- S.tute, shall irt
con^-qnrnce ol any law or regulation therein,
be discharged from such, service or labor,
but shall he delivered up on cluim qf <
the party 10 whom such sen ice or labor .tnay 1
be. duo. All is clear. There is not an un- j
certain or equivocal word, to ho found in the- J
whole provision. What shall not be done,
n !v'X ^ 1
the fugitive slave etiiiil not be discha^jwi*,,
from his servitude by any law or ftr^Blaiion |1
of itie Stale wberejjvhe id found.; ajul Iht-'
jattcrythat he shall be delivered up oriblaiai I
uf his owner.
We do not deern it necessary to uutJerT 1
take to refute (be sophistry aud subterfuges '
by which so plain a provision of the Cousti- '
ution has been evaded, and, in ellect, an-. ^
nulled. It couatitut'i^s an eas^iitial part of
the constitutional campuct, aod b(>cpurse the '
supreme la\v of Ah^lft^d/^^ .isuch ii is
cniiuciiw.xuD -o??ipa,. ui,u , wiohiiui viu.uuto
"ebmp^uigT.tbem.Tiije;. gacred.-obligaiion
of compact,! ;an4 '^th?i solemni nju ncMoi)
oJ lile supreme fii\vf which legislates and
iiiilgea, both federal and Slate, are bound
"by L?'i<10 fcnppoi t, all unite to cntorce its
fulfilment, uCw'.'rding to its plain meaning
and true intent. vV.^' Ibai. meaning andintent
are, there was no dive.V.^V of opinion
about in the butler days 01 |he Rep"^'ie
prior to 1819. CJongre**, JStato Lt-^islaluri?<a.
SJfni?? ?rwl Ph/Ii?1???1 Iiifl?r^c* n ml IVIzinr^i^
isiraies/and People,;all spo;it.uieou>Jy p!a- 1
8?(|yllMNMma4?p^p^r.'llltirit^U!rMtt^'During
thai period none mierpused impediments in
the wayoi'the owner seekiti?* tu recover bis
fugitive slave ; nor did any deny bis right
to have every pro er facility to enforce his
claim to have Uiin delivered up. it was
then nearly Tib easy to recover one found in
a Northern Slate, as one found in a ueighborrtig
Southern Stale. But this has passed
away and the provision is defunct except
piil'hajw in two. States.* .
^<$jif:hen ue lakp jpto consid^ratioti ihe.imi
parlance and clearness < Hhis provision, the'
t>vjisiiin hv which it hus been set asidt; mar
- T J -7 , V
tairly be regarded us one of tiie most fatal
Mows ever received by the South and the
Union. This cannot oe more concisely and
correctly stated, than it has been by two
learned Judges of the Supreme Court of the
U. S. In one of his decisionsf Judge Story
said: w Historically, it is well known (hat
the object of this clause was to secure to the
citizens of^the slaveholding Stateg the cornslaves,
as property in every State otmiNiq
1u(j| iihu willed iucj iiuiii iuo
State wherein they were bdidjn servitude."
The full recognition of (hw rlght and title
was indispensable to I be security of thid species
of properly,in nil the sin vehqlding Suites,
and, indeed, was so vital to ihe^reservution
of their interests and insmn(^t|^!Mt;it cannot
bu?je betin formed/ It* true dcttgn was
to guiird aguiust the dortii'nta^jand orincinloa
nrAvilHiii in AnlmlaSiiiM
in any wny r o 1 a t e,- cin I r o lr fy, re 8lra'n"
I>
The opiutv <e o$ jQajrhelrjudges |
was not loss .ticjlw> the importance
of this pro .) amfu\e nnqnt-atioimWu
right of the SoiJthu^etii Judge B ildwin!*
in charging the^ury, saiA:^ "If -thejre art;
any riglr.Sv<jf property \\luch can . lie enforcmljjf^no
citizen h$veauy right of'prd-utrtty
which are irivkjlahk undef<the protection
ol the sunrpmn-Iiiwm -m.H
(lie Union, they are those yfcjiich .have been
set at naught by some ofj;lre$e: d^e'ii'd(iol8.
As the owner ol property^?ttiph ^Be;h<\d u
perfect right to possess, piUect, and take
away?as a ciiizen o( a. siaUr'StuteientiUeii
to all the privileges
zens of any olber ^Striles^ i\^r.\Johnsori
stands beloro you oil grouudywhicVen6 no I
be taken (roni utiJ.e'r?h'?
ground on "which"tbev^overtirien't\iUell is
bused, If the defendants^ cuW:'Ue ^si.tSe'tJ,
we. have. no. .1 ong e r':&$?***
wuuid m.
1-JuL in spite ot .lUesu. solemn toe
violation then coinmcncud, and ?yaj.c&ihey
were intended to rebuke, has.-tfer^luUy
flB^^erjecUycoasutTitnitieJ.
. ilir-ir attempt
their &luve?7?i4tv moet, instead
erution, rcsistfiTnyj in every^f<*Vn^
unce Irqm hostileto leg is limp11! Intetfd-;
tu 10 name una Itiefl^cuiuns DV an
sorts of devices, ami by inlejdN^g'evflry
Jes'cription ot impediment; rw&iuc<' lo>w?,
judges und niagistruiekj unci ntoally, vvh*m
nil these f*i I, lruin moh?pcoinp66e(f hi whiles
utid Mucks, which, ti/ threats or force, restiutf-thue
.Iuff U -I'mion
of his rjjghTful o w'1 'he atterafit to recover
u bluve, in most qf tlie Njjrfihjfrn States
cuimct no w he-made vofoout lira haza$.;gfe
m&ult, heavy pecuniary I w^imprison tftfrnTT"
and even ol life, itself Alrea^lfiSSTa worthv
citi7.cn' ?.f SVl.irvlmiilllXvat hlfi lifin in mil
kmg an attempt to^ptfiorce his claim to a
lugitive Blave uiidcf this provision. :
But u pryvkidfi of the Constitution -imay I
he violat^HmJirL'clly as wt II as direc||y--bv
(L/rrtgiin net in its nature inconsistent
yrtfh tb,;J which is enjoined to bedonS^iOf
this fom of vio.Stion^Here is a
stance connected witn provia^ft 'ttttucf
consideration. We ?,'Jtfde to ^CTe^cOrhbinaiions
which are bdl^v^d; *<> A*iel
in in >si of tha Northern 'Smie'3,I
object is to entice, dccoy, eritrafV;?yi.?ejgle,and
seduce slaves to escape frotj}:)Jj^ir;oWn
ur?, ttiiu iu IUCIU PCurn*Xw-PHpif|j
by means organised;.ibc.vthe^ju^^fv-.)nto''
Canada, where they will bp^.^00^lhe
reach ol the proyiaion.,
ery, by concetil mciU
plainly repugnant to itj tfpjro&tfflifiiitQjfr
would be, is
to/equire illu8traUo4^>(^y,^^^i^gnant
as these coinbinatiaas |?r^,l^ 't^9, true
intent of the provision, it .i?, bdli$Yed lUui,
with the above
States within whos^ljinits
adopted any measure/Vo^auppre^ffiltt^
to punish those by;-whb^-?gtt.iic/.^M?^
(or which thoy Were fortiieil ia cjrru^nto
A?aAtiiiArt fin 'ikrf'Vrt?i(fn'fir ' 1 lidit>T" iHu va
CO V e ty, io the guwfSinn ova nee and heavy
pecuniary loss "
^ 'When we take into cltauidclklion tha
groat iiinport*ijc^of
one of the ends for wfiich ijtWOnnstituiion
was established, Wo refer to thtMVsleiiiHtic
agitation.of the question by the wboUtionists,
which, .commencing iu I83o, is
still continued in all possible forms. Their
(avowed intention is to bring about a state
oTt+iings that will force emancipation on
the Sotittk^Xo unite the North' in fixed
Hostility to sTHxgry in the South, and to
excite disco:iientmfrft*^a_mong the.-slaves
with their condition., areffmoog the means
employed to effect it. \VMtha^VhrtP-'fobring
about the former, every means are
tesorted to in order to render the South, and
the relation between the two races there,
odious and hateful the North. For tius purpose,
societies and newspapers are everywhere
established, debating clubs opened
lecturers employed,-"pamphlets and other
publications, pictures and petitions to Congress,
resorted to,, and directed to that sin
^ ri^^ ii v it j| *
for firte'en yeara, not without'doingmuch
towards ejecting the object jntendiid. We
regurd both object and means to be aggres*
sive and dangerous to tho rights of the
South, and subversive, as filaitd, of one of
ihe-cnd* fop' which the Constitution was
established, whether it should be abolished
or not; ana u it ue esiaDiisneu. wiieiner n i
shouldfce abolished or not. . Such being
the clear anil unquestionable right of the
Slates, it follows necessarily that it would
be a flagrant net of aggression on a State,
ileatfuetive bf its- righ:s,? ar.d aubvefaiwapjtf?
its independence, (or the- Federal Xi&s&Ttjment,
or,oue or nior^filft^-ffPijheTr pb'o'ple,
,toUTnlertak?r?tS^Torce on itWo^manci pat ion
of its slaves. " But it is a gaunil ihaxiin in !
politics, jjs well as law and tnorals, that no
ont^haJBg rii'tit lo do that indirectly winch
^VTMUhotdo uirucily ; and it may he udiied
withTBqjiul truth, io aid, or abet, or^'CFuntenance'yrh^er
m doiiijj^iu r.Aiid yet {be
A bo I u iun i if i h?-Norlii, opt)tily avowing
their int?jjfl6nf ?nd "restoring to the most
eifi^ietffin '-iiiis for the purpose !haro been
^Ifreiopting to bring about a state of things
to fo;cf ihu ouuiuurn States to emancipate
their slate?, without any rfct on the purtol
aw Northern States to airest or suppress
ibeSn cans by which they propose toaccomntialttat
Kn V A k.u<? nikfm ? f 4x> rl 9 /\ rvlll>
pusu'iu a. tiw j iiavu uwu .ppiiumcu iupui<
sue ihfeirobiect, and to use whatever mentis
they please ; ihwiihout aid.^r^ounte nance,
also without resistan^^r disapjh^l^n.*.'
What gives a deeper shade" lo tlie^fcj
affair, is the fact, that ono of the meanvio
effect their object, that of exciting discontent
among our slaves, tend* directly to subveil
what its preamble declares lo be one
| fifthe ends lor which the Constitution was
orduiut'ti and established; "lo ensure domestic
tranquility " ?nd that is the only
Way in Which domestic tra."?*QWility is likely
eve? to be disturbed iti the Suuti'i. Certain
it Is, that an agitation so systematic',
having fcuch an object in vipw, and sought
;i6; b? cajried iotb execution ;bysuch mean?,
pp
reeled,:iihd if not heeded, aa'appeal to arms
;for redre??i Such being the case where
ari aggreBsion of the kind take's place omong
independent nations, how much more
aggravated must it'bo between confederated
States, where the Union preclude* an appeal
to arms, while it affords a medium
th'rough wli ich it can operate with' vasily
increased force and effect t That it would
fee perverted to such- a use, never entered
.into the imagination* -.of the generation
which formed and adopted the
and, if it had been suppoisedi^^ML^ft'is
certain that tho Suui^^jj^B^iiL.havo
: irii^^tfof^iissouri into (bf yCThion, and
jtjpf proceed to give a brief sketch ol'tLe
Jweurrences connected with it, and the condolences
to which it has directly led. In
that even the condition imposed Oil it by tlio i
. Federal Constitution, relates noi to the for.
ination of it? (government, hut its iiiluitSMoii
into tlie Union. Fur that purpose, it pro*
vides us a condition, that tlio Government
must be Uepublicau. ,'y y .
They claimed that CongrEfS hairtffo tfghV
to ndd to tins condition, and ihufto assume
would be tantamount to tho^rfEsumption of
the riyht to nia'Uo its entire^Constitulion and - .
Government;?limitation could bo ? * % j,i ,,
-impo3od,'?yfo the extent of the right, il it
be uilnutted that it exists ut all. Those who .. >* \
supported the amendment denied these
gruunu*, una Claimed me ngnt oi congress ''f'i'SFS;.
to impose, ill discretion, wbut conditions it v * '
pleated In this agitating debate the two
the South in favor of (be bdl without aineru!- y
m ml, a n d t 11| o j^wi 11 * o^i^t f.
tho ease, it r ouired no ureal eftbrt of mind
tb perceive, that Missotiri, once iu po-session
of a Constitution anJ Government, notsimpl/Spn
paper, hut with legislators elected,
andolfiiters appointed, to carry them into '
effect, the grave questions would be pre. ? ?
sented whether she whs of right a State or '.
Territory, and, if the former, whether Con- .. *' - 'ISBcSB''
avess had the right, and tf the right, tho
power, to abrogate the' ConsiitUiioo, dis*
perse her Legislature, and to remand her '
back to the territorial condition. Thesis
time was, ho\v to eslipo
from the difficulty. Fortunately n means
wus afforded. A Compromise ( is it was , '
.called) was ofTer ftd, bused on the terms, that -
tne iNortn btiouki cease 10 oppose mo uuuussiou
of Missouri on Inn grounds for which v
ihe South contends, and (hut the provisions j?
of the ordi nunce ol 1787, for (lie govern- '' '
meat.ofthe Northwestern Territory, should, - .
be applied to all the territory ucqnired by '-V, ' .
the.United States from France under the . / * ''' ' ,
treaty of Louisiana lying North of 36 30, ,
except the portion tying in Ihe Stute ofMis-;:i-uV:' y\y"
fourj. The Northern membeis embraced'; . ; /
it; and, although not ot igtnuting with tliem^ ; ? !>. v
adopted il as iheir own. It was forest
tnrougftMoiigriM i.y tuea.most vpw# v -v- -Jof
the North, ag-iiust h niinoi i.y coiugging
aluiusi entirely of membuis tVuu^h<reouth- ''
Such was the termjjWftl^fH)! this, the fir>t, *
IWmfl^ct under tjyi fffiinlitiitirin hrtiri rn ihn
two jecHiHfsJmre fere nee to slavery in eonneciion
with the territories. Many hailed
it as a permanent ami final adju*tinrni tiiat -'^Hk
would pievi nt,the recurrence ol similar c??n. - ' : iffBH
flicts ; hut others, less sanguine,- look the opposite
and more gloomy view, regarding ,
it as the precursor oi a train of events which
might rend the Union asunder, and pros*
Iffiie our political system. One of tln-se ...
.u?a !>< ?.?nprii>ni!i>(l mid samirions JrfTi-r
fon. Thus (ai*, time would seein to favor
j?ViTcV,"?nd /projecting "Providence'*u vert
their final fulfilment. 'V
For ihany years the subject of slavery in reference
to the territories ceased to agitato
the country. Indications, however, counec- *
ted with the question of annexing Texas,
showed clearly that it was ready to break
out again, with redoubled violence, on some
fiiture occasion. The difference in the
case of Tex as was adjuited by extending the
Missouri Compromise line to 36 30, from 'At'.SJjjfBi
The tvar wiih Mexi^^^^tolhll^. ?^djti5ai^ilfer
that terminated in the acquidiiion'^KUjMBflBH|H^^'f- './ '
Mexico and Upper .California,
on ore* eqiial to about one-half of the entir?L.;
vulley ofihe Mississippi. If to this we nd(J>Vv ?. ''Y^^'r.
: ?he portion of Qregop acknowledged to ha'-jS^
ourrbyih?\ recent treaty with England,
r ?i? whnln territory on th? Pacific nnd west i' v :