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i 2.1.. .'. j.._ " LIBERTY AND MY NATIVE SOIL." VOLUME IV. I : - j NUMBER 51. ! ABBEVILLE C. II., S. C., EEBRUARY 23, 1848. j ^ ! . | f Published cverv Wednesday Morning by CHARLES H. ALLEN, KDITOR AND rROrKIKTOll. * TLRMS. Oilti Dollar and Fifty cents, Invariably in Advance. ADVERTISEMENTS, inserted at 75 ctp. por square of twelvo linos for the first insertion, and 37 1-2 cts. for each continnanco. Those not having tho doBired number of inscrtionH marked upon them, will be continued until ordered out aud charged accordingly. O" Eatrayw Tolled,- $2.0*0, to bo paid by the Magifttrato. O* For announcing a Candidate, $2.00, in ad VUIIUU. O* Tho Postage muHt bo paid upon all letters and communications to secure attention. (WRITTEN FOR THE ADBKVII.1.IS BANNER.) geographical distribution OF ANIMALS. LETTER II. Mollusks are nearly stationary in the localities of their creation, the Mussel of (the mountain stream is different in its physical for/n fro#* trie Mussel of the middle recion of our St:iff? nr iui'1 r - -T.K o wj >. aivui mi/ uuncia 01 me fivers into the ocean. Ampullarias are j jilorje found in the lakes or streams of warm I peninsular's, near the coast in Lime-Stone (regions, the fiuriatile, and L'.nil-Shell are Wore ponderous, and th# animal is formed W'itJj more muscular strength, thus harmonising with its more weighty tenement. 3ome of the fresh-water Shells are so tender that they could not survive the rude motion of the swollen rivulet, thus we find them, only in the still pond, physical condition, end locality are again presented in harmony. Land Shells such as Snails have their geographical limits, as dearly marked as that of plants. Seme inhabit the ever-shaded and damp hill side or jungle, nor could they live, on the arid, and sun-burnt plains. Others again form colonies, under the bark of a fallen tree. Again other species inhabit the open prairie, nor are they found in the dense forest. Birds from the fact, of physical formation have a wider range, but even here .are limiro i? enmo ?l?? ?u:n li?* - - ** j * iivmu aiio cum umsis oc winter, would freeze up the vital energies of their existence ; in obedience to this law of their nature, they change their location with the changing season ; the Humming Bird can alone exist where Flora present her ev?:r varied luxuriance, nestling millions of animated beings, which are ever and anon being probed out by the keen pointed tongue of this winged gem Bird, nor does the Humming Bird as many suppose live by sucking the nectar of flowers, nature has given to it no such apparatus. '^he locality of Birds, in summer, or win. ter. aroever in harmony with their formation and habits. The Pelican and the stormy Petrel never inhabit the bleak mountain pile, nor does the Turtle Dove gambol on ocean's restless wave, alj live it) obedience to the laws of their creation, The monsters of the briny-deep ate never found in the inland fresh-water stream; the hippopotamus keeps his ocean washed limits, Che Seal luxuriate around his icy shores, the whale spouts high in aijr the cold wnlar ftf !.? w..v> ? wo uuiLiicru sens, nor could he float his un wieldly body, ia the lighter media of fresh-water. The Testudes (Terra, pin) have their geographical distribution find limits, the waters of the Savannah River aire the North Eastern limit of the soft shelled Terrapin (Tr/onix ferox) the saltwater Terrapin's are never found any distance interior, nor are the fresh-water Emypes ever the inhabitants of the briny, deep. The unwieldy Gopher (Testudo polyphemous) has. his limits north, in the | southern part of s!>uth Carolina, bordering the Savannah, nor is it seen in Northern Georgia or Alabama, that monster of the fresh-water Terrapin (Testudes Temmonckie^ has its limits anot in ''? r- - ? VI IUO Alabama, extending into Tennessee. ": "52? ** Sort, 4>U b? a*<W |; .- . & * - ' -. ? tence in midsummer, in the ice bound regions of ihe arctic circle, or in the wintry months of the temperate climes, the Ostrich of the burning sands of Africa would be frozen in the long summer days of Siberia. The Monkey tribes of the warm regions, could not live through the summer months in the forest of Canada. A Law of Nature is a rule of action, entirely despotic in its operation,no exceptions, nil positive and fixed. Creative energy fixed these laws on all the efTt. tsof creation, aptitude and adaptation are every where presented and this is rendered evident to our intelligence by exploration and observation, and again we can discover a balancing and compensating principle in nature that shows forth the unity and wisdom of the one Omnipotent Creator so that appai cut evils in the existence of organic living beings arc all ballanced and compensated under the same system of unerring laws. In the depths of ocean we find an army of predatory monsters and Fishes, ever ready to check the over production of the more innocent finny tribes; so on land among the mammals, the gnawers su^h as Rats, Mice, Rabbits &c., arc constanly kept in check by the carnivora; in obedience to this the Cat has been domesticated in the uomicucoi man. The predatory Birds are the ballancers of the feathered being constant!)' checking their overproduction. Reptile have their cannibals, Snake devours Snake under this law of I?allancing. So among the insects the Dragon fly is ever chasing the blouJ pumping Musquiio, the Hornet assists vastly in modyTying the number of the house fly; so soon as the Sun rolls his chariot under the Western horizon, the Bat siides from his hiding pia.ee, anu flies his winged hands, with open mouth during the shades of night destroying immonQO ninnKoro T-.~ rr*'? ...w?ww uvniuuio KlMCClSt JL QU abused and much hat-;dcrow, in obedience to this law, follows the plowman in the spring of the year destroying immense numbers of noxious insects and worms that hybernaTed under the surface and that would seriously injure the crop when planted. (WRITTEN FOR TIIE ABBEVILLE BANNER-) r2I)T?C,M?rnrtn c? February 14, 1848. $ Mr. C. II. Allen: Silt,?Permit me through the medium of your paper to call the attention of the planters of this and the adjoining Districts to the importance of the Mississippi Scraper. Having visited Mississippi in the spring of 1846, I was forcibly impressed with its utility in the culture of Cptton. 1 procured a model from a practical planter of that State and had some made and used them the past year on my plantation, and I can confidently recommend them to the public as one of the most efficient instruments for the cultivation of Hminn I have ever seen. The stock is make similar, to the common plows in use in the country, with this exception that they are much heavier* the foot being six inches square at the end when the Scraper is fastened and the other parts in proportion. The Scraper is nine and a half inches wide and fourteen inches long and laid with steel on the edge and ground sharp( and is fastened to the stock with a bolt and screw. When properly fixed a good plowman can shave all the grass and dirt fjrom the cotton, and nile it in thft miilrllo ...IjU?..? r -T ni*m-~ ?I?V IUVT W I I I1UU I breaking the bed, and the cotton is lcfi on a beautiful straight ridge aboijt three inches wide, which will enable a hand with a | hoe to chop out at least one half more in a day. After scraping and chopping out one or two days, the turning plow should follow and throw the soil back to the cotton which will support and fceep it from falling. The secpnd working should begone in the same way, with this exception that the grass should ?be chopped out and the c&tbn reduced to a stand after the scraper Jiaa been run round it, and theq the earth thrown back with the plow. The third working , -1J _ l? 1 J. lit?- - ? ouuuiu niBu w v>uuc ii? iii?rrinaDTieiy alter which I nse the sweep iii' byf I am satisfied that much hard labor can be saved by the scraper on the plan recommetted above and that ?very planter caaeait}? ,' " $&._ ^ ijC . ' vate at least two acre to the hand more than by the usual mode of cullating cotton. And I recommend the scraper to the white population of our district who labor, on account of the great saving of work done with the hoe which they all know to he the chief difficulty in cultivating a cotton crop. My object is to benefit the planting interest of our district and add to the productive wealth of the Slate, which is my apology for intruding on the columns of your paper. t r> i mil juuis ivc&|jutuyj Thomas B. Bykd. Direction for viaking Stock for Scraper:? Helve 4 1-2 feet long and 6 inches square at foot; beam 3 1-2 feet long from point to helves; from lower part of beam to upper part of shoulder cut to receive the scraper 9 inchcs on the right hand side and 10 1-2 on the left?1-2 inch deep on the left side> and 2 inches on the right which it will be perceived will make the right hand side of the scraper lowest; from point of scraper to lower edge of beam, perpendicular 14 1-2 incher; give 2 1-2 inches land. T. B. B. From the Anderson Gazelle. U'uneral Honors to 1st Siiiu. Mattison.?Io compliance with the invitation extended, a large concourse of citizens from various Districts, met on Friday 11th inst, to pay the last, sad tribute of respect, to the remains of this gallant young soldier, and lo consign him to the resting place allotted hirn in the soil that gave him birth. The day suited well the occasion. Thick clouds overspread the sky and obscured the sun ?all nature seemed to have shrouded itself in habiliments of gloom, as if acting in unison with that immense throng. At 11 o'clock the military escort was drawn up in front of the house, and receivPll ll?f? fornninj A Ctr.r ?!->/-. -r IW.HUI SI9I X1IIM llir. 1..CIUIUUIJJ Ul I C" ception, and at a signal given by firing the cannon, the procession, under the command of Col. Donald, was then arranged in the following order: The Military Escort. The Remains of the Deceased. Relatives of the Deceased, Citizens on Foot. Citizens * on Horse. Citizens in Carriages. The whole then proceeded to the Church, with the solemn strains of martini music, which together with the sound of the can non, which was fired al intervals during the march, lent much solemnity to the occasion, But a short interval elapsed after reaching the Church, before it was filled to overflowing with ladies. The body was placed a few yards in front of the Churchy and surrounded by a large and respectable audience. It was then announced that Mr. Leverett would proceed to pronounce a Funeral Oration. He took his position in the door, so that he could be heard distinctly by every one, and delivered an address of some 30 minutes duration, replete wiih pathos. To attempt even to give a synopsis of Mr. L.'s remarks, would be a work of supererogation in this brief account, and perhaps do him injustice. Suffice it to say it was listened to with profound attention by a respectful audience. A Iter thfi Orfltinn \irrta ilol!nn?n/1 .... w. ? *10 UWl*CltUj v no ic* mains were carried to the grave accompanied by the military escort, where the usual ceremonies were performed. It was truly an impressive scene. A universal sympathy pervaded the entire crowd ; none doubted the propriety of rendering to this youthful warrior, that honor which none but the brave can claim, and which was so justly his due. W PCT PnrMT VTXTnrn.mwn T._ ? MWA M. Vlii * T A** l/lly A A XII BUIU6 I"C* marks innde in reply to a complimentary address at Concord, New Hampshire, on the 27th ull., Gen. Pierce paid the following very explicit and manly tribute to the eminent utility of the Military Academy atWest Point: u Gen Pierce proceeded to say he had to retract opiuions he had formerly entertained and expressed in relation to the Military Ac ademy at West Point. He was now ofov pinion that the city of Mexico could not have been entered in the way it'Was but for the science and intelligence in military affairs of the officers of the oldarmy* mostly from West Point. Services were rendered by the officers of tho?topographical engineers and ordinance which could not have been rendered but by men who had received the mdst complete military education. The force of the Americans had been overrated. Over 7.500 effective raeii left Puebla to at tack acity of $50,QOQ Inhabitants, defended by 35,600 of the best troops ever raised in Mexico, one hundred pieces of cannon, apd ' liie finest fortiflfcations ever raised, iifttadition to the natural defence? of marshes and l?es?n mt.Z: ^ W:.-M It From the N. O. Picayune. SUSPENSION OF GEN. SCOTT. The blow has at last been struck. After long and timid hesitation, the Prescient baa summoned courage for the act, and General Scott has been suspended in bis command of the army in Mexico. Upon referring to the Senate's proceedings on Tuesday, the 25th, our readers will see the announcement made by Mr Cass, in reply to a question of Mr Crittenden. For a month past the country has known that the blow was meditated ; we have had rumors that the thing was done, but the country would not believe :A xt -i . . * ii. rsuw mai it nas perpetrated, we (eel that the people will pronounce it an outrage. We have no partialities for Gen. Scott,but it is affectation to deny that he has proved himself one of the great captains of the age. From the commencement of his active operations in the field?from the landing at Vera Cruz to the crowning glories ol Chapultepecand the gates of Uclcn and San Cosme, his deeds have stamped him aconsummate General. He has led the little army in which the c< untry glories, from triumph to triumph ; he has surmounted difficulties of the most numerous, vexatious and formidable character, and given to his country the consummation oftheir boast, to plant the stars and stripes on the palace of the Monte/umas. The whole world is filled with the fame of his late exploits, and every i new arrival from Europe brings us fresh triIn liic ?rro.i* <1? ? ' -c? - ...u jjviu'js iwj inu Will'. That he should be suspended from his coin-, mand at the very moment of the completion of his labors, when engaged in organizing and carrying into effect extensive combinations to reduce JVlixico to military subjection and bring her to feel ttiat we have an iron grasp upon her which she cannot relax and which will crush unless she yield?that at such a moment Gen. Scott should be; suspended, we feel to be an outrage. Every generous heart we think must sympathize with this feeling. We care not what the military offences which may be charged against him, he should not at this moment have been suspended to wait upon a Court of Inquiry at Perote. If he be ?ruiltv of gross insubordination anddisobedienceto orders, the President knows it and should recall him peremptorily. But to suspend him on the field of his fame, to order him from the palace he had won, and from which he is now dictating the commands of his country to Mexico, and drag him to Perote?an appropriate locality for such a humiliation" ?toattend upon'a Court which is toinquirc into squabbles and jealousies among his subordinate officers?this is a dignity unworthy of our Republic. That it will injure Gen. Scott no one supposes?it will make him a flinusnnd frionrto i>? v??-i ? <1 iviiuo t* IIVIU 11V. Xiu.ll ten before ; but thus to wound the pride of a veteran, in the very presence of the wily foes who now tremble at his aspcct and his name, this is an outrage. Nor as a mer^mcasure of policy docs it appear to us that this proceeding can be defended. At the very moments of putting in execution a complicated system of military measures of a stringent character, calculated beyond anything we have yet done to provoke our enemy and unite every element ofresistence?certainly this would not seem to be the time for withdrawing our great Rnmmanrlpr Anrl onunllir ?..?w. uijMujij jiujiv/iinu uur.o it appear to us to devolve upon another the execution of plans conceived at Washington in the general outline, but of which all the thousand details must have been entrusted to Gen Scott, and upon which his mind must have been engaged for months. yIt would seem the dictate of bare prudence to allow him to superintend the execution of his plans. We mean no disresnect to Mni _I _- J. Gen. Butler, upon whom this important task will now devolve. Of his courage conduct and capacity, none think more highly than we do. But the substitution of any, even an abler soldier for Gen. Scott at this moment we should pronounce as rash and imprudent in the conduct of the war, as it is flagrantly unjust to Gen Scott personally. The point we would make is, that this ar rest is in every respect more inopportune. We have not room to argue the matter, nor even to insist as we would do upon the hideous moral effect Gen. Scott's suspension must have upon the discipline of the army and the tone of feeling among its officers ; but one word as to the author of all this mischief. We cannot believe that one. of the distinguished Generals placed in arrest by Gen. Scott and who has now been relieved there* from, has councelled or remotely favored the present investigation of charges against his Commander-in-Chief. On the contrary we believe wo have good enough reason for spying that he foresaw the the dvil consequences which would ensue from pressing inquiry into alleged wrongs at this mpm?ft6*??|lVe are assured that he demanded., investigational such time as woul^ hot interfere with the exigencies of the sCfViceV We look to an influence intfoed," from, *n'c& *r- ' ' ther quarter as the origin of this evil. Wo trace it to the insatiable vanity, the unapprised appetite for distinction of the spirit which governed the pen of Leonidas" and . " Veritas." He avowed to Gen. Scott his purpose of communicatig with the Secretary of War, not through the channel dictated by military rules, and for that he was arrested. Hut lie had a deeper wrong to avenge; the affair of the courtmartial upon the two appropratcd howitzers had inflamed him with a deadly hate. This measure of the President indicates to us that this man has accomplished oncof lii.s purposes The singular, the unaccountable control he exercises over the President, has been brought to bear. Wo were told weeks ago that the blow would be struclf, and wc were told ichosc influence would do it. The prediction lias been fulfilled, and in this suspension of Gen. Scott we have renewed occasion to regret the most deplorable appointement which Mr Pollc has made since the com mmcement of the war. Once before has this man endeavored through a contemptible correspondence to filch from the brow of his i I lustrous commander the thick clustering honors of the victories of the Valley of Mexico. lie was foiled in the unworthy purpose. iiisown partisans were made to blush for him and to denounce his shamelessness. Again, in a mode equally indirect and unworthy, has he aimed a blow at his commander, and this time with a surer, deadleir aim. But the justice of his countrymen will again interpose to shield the inintended victim. The blow will recoil upon him who aimed it; and though suspended from his high command and stripped of his authority, Gen. Scott will this day stand higher in the. affections of his countrymen than if ho were still dictating law to Mexico ia all tlie bravery of a conqueror. Tiie Mormons.?The St. Louis Republican publishes a circular addressed by the "Twelve Apostles" to the members of the Mormon Church- It contains an interesting history of their privations and sufferings since their expulsion from Nauvoo, and their future prospects and intentions. Their principal abiding place, hereafter, will be in the valley ofthe Great Salt Lake, occupying a central position botween the Pacific and the Mississippi. Their numbers will be greatly increased by emigration the coming scusuii, us many mousanus 01 iiie scalicretl members are in expectation ofjoining them. The Republican adds: " Their progress has been as incredible as their belief is absurd. The present site of their church, in the midst of mountains, on the margin of the Great Salt Lake, and cut off on all sides from other settlements, by a belt of sterile and mountainous country of nearly five hundred miles in breadth, gives their present position and enterprise a noveuy wnicn will attract hundreds to . them; and they confidently look forward, withirva very short period, to the formation ofa large and powerful settlement that . . plaCe." A New Cannon.?War is fruitful in new inventions for the slaughter of men. Human ingenuity is ransacked in order to render means of defence unavailing ; "and the discoverer of any death dealing piece of-mechanism is hailed with applause and rewarded with public honors. The steep and rocky mountain fastnesses in which the Mexicans have often taken refuge, have rendered the transportation of cannon impossible;*? -, but this difficulty, will be overcome in future, by a new piece of ordinance, which has just been completed at the empire works in this city. The Sun thus describes'it: " '' " It is lighter and stronger than anv ordi nance yet in use?can be made of any size and power, for harbor and fortress defence and has, withal, the virtue most needed in Mexico?it can bo carried any where thilt man can get up, and over the highest motin-'5 ain and most rugged passes. It is made of plates and bolts, in such a mariner that a twelve or a hundred pounder can be taken opart, paked on mutes 6r m&ri's backs to the desired spot, and in.fifte^rt minutes be put together for certain and deadJy service,' The reduction of the price of Iron,in England, news of which was received by the late' arrivals- will undoubtedly"ttpiertftfc r injuriously on the interests of this country under the present lowr tariff. We le*ir.n that railroad Iron has been offered bv the English Agents in the Atlantic bitids at; from $50; to $53' pfcr 'ton, d&liver^d,' find other iron in proportion. Large b|ders have been sent outolready by the last steam' # * ers, and we will now, np dodB^ v^^^i^j reap tbe benefits of thii.^a^iVftblefipCrsa,' ttiri/T of 1846. Several rplftng mills ahi iron establishments in Mtt^chuset.tAj; N^# . Yorkf New Jersey, and PhikdelpSjia- aftd vicinity, have stopped op^rjpttipns o^fj^^s smmsmstM,. entirely depends upon the silcceftsful State of the iron tiadn.?Danville {Pa.) Dem. * ; ? % - ! u v .