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?ire SlfifitbtXIir I ~ 7< " ~ " LIBERTY AND MY NATIVE SOIL." '??>?* ?V f w 4 - . . VOLUME IV. ? NUMBER 50. I ABBEVILLE C. H? S. C, FEBRUARY 16, 1848. .1 Published every Wednesday Morning by | CHARLES H. ALLEN, 7 EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR* TAR MS. One Do II a. r and Fifty Cents Invariably in Advance. ADVERTISEMENTS, inserted ut 75 cts. per square of twelve lines for the first insertion, umi 37 1-2 cts. for each continuance. Those not ha vmg tne uesireu numuer 01 insertions in a men upon them, will bo continued until ordered out and charged accordingly. BO" Estrays Tolled, $2.00, to bo paid by tho Magistrate. ICT For announcing a Candidate, $2.00, in advance. O3 The Postage must be paid upon all letters and communications to secure attention. (written kor the Abbeville banner.) " TO ADA." I've sane to thee, when ansel smiles. Like sunlight wooed my heart away, And thought of thee when hearts as warm, Threw round me. memory's mystic ray. I've sang to thee when midnight ruled, And stars seemed whispering of Love, And Angels with their harps ? f gold, Forsook for earth their home above. I've turned from music wildly sweet, Which from Love's f?nd,Ione voice came, Nor angel harp, nor lyre could give, The solt, sweet music of thy name. 'Tis sweet to love tho' even hope, M'ltr linr uriri rra i ?i Innrl nv> i 111 i yj i j Li u^^j/un j As strives some star amid the storm, To shine as when the skies are fair. Why is it that the turtle leaves, Theclime where sunshine warms him not, And mid some soft, sweet, Southeren vale. Sings to the fond "forget-me-not." 'Tisthat, lava meets a warm response, And pride's col l hand has lost its power, Then would?Oh! wouldstthou be to me. In love's fair land that constant flower. "Adalia," Constancy. MIXED it ACES OF SOUTH AMRIOA AND Mexico.?Dr. Tschudi, a distinguishedGerman naturalist has recently published a work entitled "Travels in Peru," which is well known. In this work he gives a list ofthe crosses resulting from the intermixture of the Spanish with the Indian and Negro races in that country. The settlement of Mexico by the Spaniards took place at the same time, and the intermixture of races has been perhaps greater in that country than in Peru. An officer of our army informs us lhat the Mexican soldiers present the most unequal characters that can be met with anywhere in the world. Some are brave. and many others quite the reverse, and possessing the basest and most barbarous qualities. This, doubtless, is a result in part of the crossings of the races. .The effect of such intermixture upon the character is thus stated by Dr T&chudi: "To define their characteristics correctly would be impossible; for their minds partake of the mixture of their blood. As a general rule, it may be fairly said, that they unito in themselves all the faults, without any of the I'trhlOo n f t\rrtnrn?\il/>??r? ?? ????? iatui.il UI lUbll piu^l/llliuio , art II1UU lUCJf (lie generally inferior to the pure races, and as member** of society they are the worst class of citizens.?N. Y. Post. ..Perseverance?Senator Cameron, of Philadelphia, uses a letter-stamp on which is engraved a "printing-press," and over SVjhicn is the motto, " persevere." Twenty-five years ago, and this same Senator of the United States Congress was seen to enter a printing office at Barrishurg, Pennsylvania, with a small bundle of clothing flung across his shoulder on a stick, asking for labor, whereby he might earn sufficient to support himself and his indigent parents. He was taken as an apprentice to the business?served his employers faithfully, and now twenty-five years afterwards we find that he has graduated from an obscure printing office, to the Senate Chamber of tlie United States ! Then he was but a pooF boy?now he is the distinguished Senator from one of the largest and States in the Federal Union ! So mirthfor the republican origin ofour statesmen, and so much , for the fostering and congenial influence of that humble and excellent institution of learning, A Printing Office. Mr. Cameron may feel justiy proud of His letter-stamp, with its characteristic engraving, and still more proud of the noble motto?Persevere ! , Woomocket Patriot. . .jggSfras o*; the DecxarationThe re Greenville A Columbia 11. Road. LETTER FROM" MAJ. WM. EDDINS. T<in OA 1R.1Q t /\uu'< i x v? uw > r,j u uu. iuivt Messrs. Gary, Thomas and Conner :? Gentlemen,?I have been reflecting much on our contemplated Railroad, since I saw you. I am now fully confirmed in my mind, that the only sure plan of success in getting the road from Columbia to Anderson Court House, through Abbeville District, is for the Directory to be instructed to make contracts for it to bo graded from Co. lumbia to Anderson C. II. as quick as the Engineers can get it ready for grading. There arc many reasons why the Stockholders should not be tardy in this movement. lain clearly and decidedly of opin ion, that there is 110 route yet devised, or can be pointed out, that would be so proiuauie in inc enu to tne aiocKnoiciers, as ihe one now located. Therefore, grade the road, which will inspire confidence, and rouse the people 10 energy and industry. Give them employment, and there is not the least doubt that the machinery will be put on it and the cars set to running immediately. The people's labor will be equal to capital; you will get capital in j abundance, and from sources that we do not now calculate on. I was informed by the Director of this District, as I came from . I_ . _ - .t . i 1 .1 . . % | me convention me omer a ay, mat the citizens of Columbia and Newberry were wil Jing to join the people of this District to grade the road to Anderson C. Fi., before they expend any more of the funds. What a legacy they have offered to the citizens of Abbeville District, to their posterity and to generations to come, as 1 may term it, for I do regard it as such. Is iliere a man so 1 ? .1 1 1 , ! . . i rt* a uhiiu ana insane as noi 10 accept the oner I hope not, I trust not, for the benefit of himself and of posterity forever. Now is the accepted time, and now the golden moment, to get the road ; lose it now and we may lose it forever. I presume it will take three hundred and twenty or three hundred and fifty thousand dollars to grade the road. There is $G00,000 subscribed ; therefore the road can be' graded. I say grade it?be sure to grade it, if it takes every dollar that can be collected from the Stockholders. Although snmft nf thp SstnrL'KnMArc matr tliinl/ nn vn_ ... ? "?J ?.? ??? flection, that they live rather remote from the intended road for if to be profitable, perhaps they may be inclined not to pay their subscription, when called for. But never mind thern at present; go on with the work ?gel the road graded, which will do away all those selfish notions and diversities of opinion so common amonirst men. I have no doubt they will come to your aid in due time. It is not more than thirty or thirtyfive miles from the bank of the Savannah river, through a good cotton and corn growing country, to the lino of the intended road; therefore you may reasonably expect freight loading from that quarter ; no doubt but the products of this District, within 25 or 30 miles, will give their patronage, the navigation of Savannah river being rather uncertain, particularly the back loading will be a means of giving more freight to the road ; mereiore the objections tiiat now exist on that side of the District will be soon overcome, if the road is graded. It will not be long before there will be a branch graded to Abbeville Court House, which I would be proud to see ; and would take stock in it for the honor and pride of our District, together with the great utility that will be derived from the products that will come to the road from beyond the village, between thre and the Savannah river. Therefore grade the road?give the people employ ment-r-they are anxious to work. I was opposed to any appropriation by the Legislature for the clearing of Saluda river, neithere would 1 subscribe one dollar tp the Charleston and Cincinnati! Railroad, bertmiba T Kaliaonrl !l in Ka imn?anti?a vwmmv/ JL uwiiviyu w vv aui|Ji?v?lWI|UI9 OflU unprofitable; bat the Railroad now under consideration, I believe to be botfopractieip ble and profitable. Some of our Stockholders are of the opinion that the opperaMon of grading the road had-jtetterceaseuntd one million of dollars be raised, and aUo to get the aid of the State before we advance ' . >. >> ?* WrWg.^ further. This being recommended ns a safe plan, if adopted it will keep the money safe in the Stockholders' pockets, from ever building the road. As the old Proverb is, "they that will not help themselves cannot expect help from others ; therefore grade the road, and there is no doubt but that we will get aid from the State and from the people, to the full amount required for the full completion of the road to Anderson C. H., from thence, to Knoxville, Tennessee, where we will get the products of the fertile lands of ChueUey river, the Frenchbroad and the two Pigeon rivers, where they make from 50 to 80 bushels of corn to the acre, and raise a great many fine hogs and nrorlucc for liomn innrket. All this. I * " * v trade will come to this State on the Railroad ; by so doing they will avoid the turnpike over Paint Mountain up the French Broad river and through the Saluda Gap ; also avoid paying a high price for corn through North Carolina, in getting all those commodities to the South Carolina markets. I will add further, for the last item, but not by any means the least, that it is about forty miles from Knoxville to Bean's Station, the great thoroughfare, where nearly all the live stock o' Ken'ueky passes through, together with the waggons loaded with bagging, roping, and other domestics. When the Railroad reaches 1S~ !ll_ _!! -I. . 1- --- II I- _ I ivuoA vihu, tin mis irauc, win ue carrieu oil it to the markets of tins State. These are plain matters of fact that present themselves to my mind. I do not tnink there is any unprejudiced mind, that will impartially reflect upon this subject, but will say let the road be graded throughout to Anderson G. If. immediately. The dividends to the Stockholders will, in time, I have no doubt, be the best that ever was in this Stale. I was in the Convention at Newberry, I did not go as a delegate from this District, but as a Stockholder. I saw those that were sent there as delegates from this District to act in irood faith with thr? r.itiznns of Ne\vbi;rry and Columbia. I heard them pledge themselves for the punctual compliance of the Stockholders?here saying that tboy would pay their instalments whenever called on. I yet hope and think they will do so for the sake of their credit and for the honor of their District, and to save the great mortification of those whom they sent to Newberry to represent them. I had iRought I would say no more for the present; but there are so many important remarks that could be made in support of the great enterprise, that had I time and !, f II - ? I capacity, i wouiu write more. lou are aware of the present condition of the Georgia Railroad, their road and cars not being of the same width of the Hamburg road ; therefore I doubt if they unite soon. If they were to unite, sec the great inconvenience & loss of time in changing the freight; therefore you perceive that this road when it is carried to ICnoxvillc or even near Chattanooga, that it will get all the trade for the reasons are conclusive, as it relates to the condition of the different widths of the road and cars: but that is not the f . ' ,./V, . strongest reason, the (Jillerence in the distance ot the two roads, this one being so much the nearest and going through the capitol of our State. A word for Greenville and Laurens: with the aid of their citizens uniting with us, they can soon get a ailroad to their villages, which 1 hope will be the case. William Eddins. (WRITTEN FOR THE ABBEVILLE BANNER.) GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION . OF ANIMALS. letter i. The geographical distribution of animals is a subiect that arrests the attention of the f ? - ----observant traveller, and presents a problem for his genius and intelligence to solve. .The predjudice of education, or the difficulty of the subject, have, and continue, to be barriers to the solution. So far as our intelligence has been able jo grasp the fact of creation, and its government, examined and understood, all lend to present to us consistency and fitness. An aptitude, and adaptation, in all created beings, to the physical circumstances, of the portion of the earth they inhabit?appears to be the order in which Omnipotence has placed the result of creative energy? infinitely adapted from the " beginning" tp tho peculiar geographical limits we find them in, with immqitihje physical characteristics, distinguishing each Race, Family, Tribe, Genera, and species, and those ei) iirely independent of external causes now in activity. " Education with all the potency attrifew LJi? IMHf IIWWMWMWWBWWHBMMWWWW??????? to it l>y its most sanguine voterics has never been shown to create a single fibro or function of matter, or faculty of mind. Education so improves as to appear almost omnipotent?but improvement is the boundary of its powers, it creates nothing. Thn f>*istpnpp nf 'Prnrvir.nl ironllnlJ/v ? V. JL ivptvui t C^IIUUIU IJCing in the hot-house, is no exception, for here, the intelligence, in obedience to the laws of the physical condition of the climate, from whence it was taken artificially produces a similarity in climate and the life an growth of the plant is thus continued. The strictest congruity pervades in the physical constitution of animal and vegetable beings, and the physical condition of the geographical limits of their existence. The bill and talons of the Eagle are in harmony, with its mode of existence. The branchial respiratory apparatus of the finny-tribe are in harmony, with the dense medum in which they exist. The physical condition of most tropical plants are such, that if submitted to an at mosphere at freezing they would suffer violence and death. Fresh-water Fish, carried into the dense ineduin of salt-water would suffer violence and perish. The Oyster, a being low in the scale of animal life, would not live one day in a freshwater pond. The Buffalo of the temperate region of this continent, could not exist one week, in i i.i -t.i -- .! me loin icj^iuu ui me urcuc circle, it ne was so constituted that he could withstand the cold, yet the sparsity of vegetable support would cause him to perish. While the physical condition of pojar Bear is every way fitted for the lo?v temperature, and its modes of life?the polar Bear would perish under a tropical sun. from heat and want of^rapeculiar food. The continent of North America, from the arctic region to 'I'erra del Fuego, presents a Fauna ond Flora, differing widely from the animal and vegetable being of the other parts of the surface of this our globe. And if we go back and explore the History of organised being as presented in the geological epochs of this our continent presented in those " vestiges of creation" the fossil fauna, and flora, we are on the careful exploration astounded at the fact, that among all this wreck of former worlds, not a single species is fully represented, by beinjrs of the piesent creation. And even these fossils present the fact of geographical distribution of organic being the wider in range, as the thermal condition of the earth in these remote periods, was probably greater and more extended from the equator than at present. In the polar region of this our continent w'c sec the Bearand the Rein-Deer,the principal mammal, the physical condition of the Bear is such that he luxurates in frigidity. The Rein-Deer subsists on the lichens, the principal vegt table product of these wintry regions, his organism is in harmony, with this kind of food?nor would he live in the sunny south. The Buffalo and the Elk are distributed over the wide range of the western prairie, and they luxuriate on the wide-spread vege" table carpet, nor could tbese unwieldly animals, live in the dense forest, so sparce of grass?or in the cold barren regions of the TVT _ .1. i>orin. The Wolf has a greater range, his physical condition, is in harmony with his habits and distribution. The Aligator has a southern limit, nor could he live, through the comparatively mild winter of the middle States. To bask inatropical sunshine, suits his physical condition the best. The Crocodile of the Nilotic Vally though possessing the sime general form, is a very distinct animal. (FOR THB ABBBVILUE BANNER.) JSIr. Editor,?Sir: Before leaving Mexi co, 1 vyas informed or a report in circulation, accusing me of not standing op to my post/ during the storming of Chapriltepec. Before I set out for home I was furnished with the enclosed certificates, by a portion of the offlcei^^aged j[nthat expedition, and one of theYn^(Cap^nrMtU?r) tQ whose compaI riy Iwas atja^ed durinjjf^^cngagement. I should not wish them published, but I understand that there are similar reports in circulation here. As it appears to be a mystery to some, why I was in a Pennsylvania Company at the storming of Chapultepec instead of our own Company, for their satisfaction I will explain:? Two days previous to the storming of the Castle of Chapultepec, orders were received oy major uiacjilen, wno naa command 01 the Palmetto Regiment, to send a sergeant and a number of men (I do not recollect the number) to General Quitman's quarters for the purpose of forming a Light Battalion or storming party. I was sent for by Major Gladden, who informed me that he had received an order from General Quitman for a sergeant and a small detail of men, for the purpose of forming a Light Battalion and asked me if I would go. I replied I would. The men were then selected and we left in about fifteen minutes, for General Quitman's quarters. On arriving at General Quitman's quarters, I reported myself to him through Maj. Twiggs, as having command of the quota of men from the Palmetto Regiment. General Quitman said to me that my command was too small for a company, and that he would make me orderly Sergeant in the company K- of Pennsylvania, commanded by Capt. James Miller, and ordered me to take my post as such. After the company was iormed, we were dismissed, with orders to appear at head quarters at the beat of the drum at 2 o'clock?at which time we were formed and remained so until the Division moved late in the evening. We camped that night at Tjicubaya where we remained during the next day to guard Drum's battery which was firing on the castle of Chapultepecf. The next morning the whole Division moved, the Light Battalion being order_ .1 .1 . _ 1 117 1 1 1 1 . eu in me auvance. w e nau proceeded 10 within about 150 yards of the castle under a heavy fire from a battery .in the road and also from the castle, when Major Twiggs who had command of the party was killed by my side, the command Laeu devolved on Captain Miller and the command of his company which I was orderly sergeant devolved on me, there being no commissioned officer in it. Very soon after, the castle surrendered. Captain 'Miller who was wounded ordered me to go back and _i r?u_ 1 i? in.: m : iukt* uiiurgu ut nit; uuuy ui ivjajur j. wiggg* For further evidence of my conduct at the storming of the castle of Chapultepec, those who doubt my standing up to my duty are referred to the certificates below of Captain Miller, Captain Daniels,and James Warren, who was a quarter master's man under command of Captain Daniels. JOSHUA R. BEALL, of Capt. J. F. Marshall's Co., S. C. V. February 5, 1848. Mt-VTfn Dptn^inr OO .1 QA7 Dear Sir:?Having been informed that Sergeant Beallofyour company is charged with holding back,at the charge on ChapuJfer pec, I take this opportunity of correcting it, and state that he was with his company until after the castle was taken, behaving as well as a man could do. , ^ . James Miller, Capt. Co. K., 2d Pennsylvania Volunteers. Mexico, October 27, 1847y> .. This is to certify that JoshuaR.IJealt was present at the storming of Chapultepec, and assisted under my direction iri Mmtiving the body of Major Twiggs frotti th?i place where he fell, near the enemies breastworks to Tacubaya. - Joseph Dame&s,,;... Capt^Ass'*. O. M, Mexico, October 27, 1 84Ta I hereby certify that Sergearit J. R. Beall of fVir> finnlh P.nrnlina Vn!nntonro ^nmnni V* ?MW v^u* v??i*u> T w?u?? ?vv? 0^ vyat*!#^ sing a part of the slornping p^ty^a^the king of ChapuUepec, ^^3 ;ordered back to take charge of the body of OTjajor 11 who was'killed at thafplac&ftbe order boiiig is&ued by Cajrtaitf' D&iiifcla to itte-^tojgo with him.: James WaaajMr, ' '' , \:m7n^ v :. .. Mexico, October 20,,1$47. Serg't. Beall of thg SouiK Cjirolin^ RegiSB'SWSr 32? Korritnonv unnDi* fiArnniDfui VY%UCUIf iiiiu ring the storxnmg of Ch&0$ite&e?. I c^^that a vi^wijh it. 3mu& ..- , i * '--ii-i-' '?; V%^r, - ;.; ?w ' v -.. ;