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Injury is sometime* done to heavy soils by plowing In winter Or early spring when the ground is flllod with water. The bottom of the plow iu such case* compacts the clay subsoil, pressing it in a smoofth fctyfaee, which hardens during the suflMM* and becomes almost imper Tioua fo wjjer^ Fields that *re plowed onlyln the spring, and at a nearly unl (urm depth, have sometime^ a hard pan Just where the keel of the plow has Sressed dowp the earth. When the soil i baked hard by drought it is almost lt&posaible to break up this crust, and the failure to do this is the reason why hooliifiUsrtH. . y. , ;: ? | At the J?lfi4r|L Farmer's club, as re ported by itna \Hmti><mdrnaf^ a practical blacksmith said ; "I have shod horses a I great miuMMk jwd .while I do not say I have tfofRft owned 'hoofs, I have been jbirifr like such burn ismiths often inflict, oqause it makes mens the ' shell 'o^k .of dressing the 1 L ? _ _ fcpiaoo for setting the sh<5fc** A ^iy shoeing' horses, which be ( gan when I was sixteen years old' and continued more or loss until n^vf, and I j j^nstnaWQDservation bupwrfg fends to con tlly to narrow the check growth, and pirttul. In burning the not' nt All careful to before the parts of the ^ circulation extends has tracj h6er that coi hoof bbmksmil stop thr opera h??*pS are inj y. > Sir ,T. H. LaWcs il^t^^'Dividin/.; the constituents which exist in our crops ihto tw** portions we Jearn that carbon and wMmftiio' 6lnained from the atmos phore, while the nitrogen and mineral j substances aro derived- from the soil. Tho atmosphere furnishes from ninety to ninetyHW^^^a^gii^^ttpd tbeedil from five to ten per coni^oLtlS} dry ) substanco of crojw. Thtwrokoffemltty which ex ists in soils, though general ly large, is for . the most part in a latent fortri. Tho ni trogen, fcr instance, which is in combi natTem-with carbon, does not appear to to available to any extent ?iojr thg fopd Qf j Slants until it has bee? wpartifcd from le' carbon, and fcy combination with ox ygeq|i|v*|T^ ^,!$oro ;pf nitric acid. Its manutihg properties wo know are' then very great. Tno various me chanical operations which .take plfcco on the fatm fit In' the j^rdoh?plowing, dig^#ifeH6hibg , harrowing rolling, hoeing ? havo for their one object the formation or nitric acid. A fertile. soil is one * fftmiMtattt itp I UUpmte .?) and render ???J|b|f5%jth^ tiso of plants u consid mcans of theitf roots. " - Thus it is that fa<Sajwcum^i)l^o jvh}^|nabJo philo ?aiWHJT flhFofie nt?;for;tho ij *oett havo found 0 10 11,6 ,A Use kerosene Hbomlly in tho poultm quarters during iho winter. ?? It will 1 banish the insects and in also a' good de odorizer and disinfectant. Light Brah^as 'arc disposed to tsko on fnt, and too 'heavy feeding Will stop "their egg production. Peod twice a day ! and only as much they will eat up clean. ?? En&ghlWtfdftig' should, bo provided L for sheep kopt in warm basements, so that when jylng ;down their wool will ndt cimo ih contact with masses of tneir own excrement. Not only does it soil therwool; *taut thr heat which is thus en gendered is hui tful. The.pile of manure should, bo cleaned out soyei-artlmca dur ing tho wlntor. vWh a. plenty ;i?f goqd corn fodder cn$o - will need very HUlo h?j/ and none hut tho second crop , ofcoiovcr. is.euitablo for cows giving milk. ' Cows will usually out tho hay that is ta|n?iifr?n? '.horso mangers, and appar ently relish it. about as woll hs if giveuto thorn fresh. They will even pick out bits of hay that 'have .been in tno horse manure heap. MV If young horses woro riddon or driven over rough fields instead of over smooth roads when first put in harness or. uhder the saddle their liability to stumblo - would bo much lessoned. They would learn from the first to stop high in order to avoid uneven surfacos, ana thU habit m once aoqulr^twould prevent jtbis danger ; , later on roads ordinarily smooth, ? Airifr' imn Cultivator. ' Some farmers dorive consolation1 for. ^?ftheir poor crop* in the idea that they ox?* % Jbauit tho soil less than largo crops do. orojD does tako most from the soli. It is well, beside, to takd as ohoorful aviow as possible of a bad situation. Practi cally We must, however, confess that the poor crop is most exhaustive, as it fur nishes the farmer with less surplus to be Used in restoring lost ;&rti||ttj^*W?.t \ M What is the boat way ty grow pota toes!" asks a c^^ponflentj Lot' tho "Iture "be nearly lovelj slightly hilling ire thun this results in a of roots producing many Keop tho cultivator jrun k ft rich loam. If there is the soil add ft. Avdid isnuro, whloli af tat6 unpleasantly, j crushed bonos f. ?<; Do -hot try mlrlin?d soli. planting out the ? should be covewd *Uh not over two inches of sGiL If a mod and planted in hotbeds with a very slight covering of soil, and planted out a# recommended. ? Gtrmantovn Ttleyraph. Ojianob Cuuk. ? Take the juke of six bitter oranges and the rind of two grated, put them into a stewpan with a piufc ana a half of water and twelve ounces of white sugar, stir till the sugar is dissolved, then add the welt beaten whites of six* eggs, stir over a slow fire till it thickens, then strain through a hair sieve or muslin, and stir till cold. Put back into the pan and add the yolks of the egys well beaten, stir over the fire till the mixture begins to simmer, then pour into a basin and stir again till cool enough to be transferred to glasses. Bkets. ? If you object decidedly to the odor of beets when wiling, and on this account do not have them on the tablo as often as you would otherwise like, dry this way of preparing them. Boil more tban tho quantity required for one meal, in saltc*l wat;r, and of course with their jackcts on. Do not remove tho skin from those which you are not to use that day; set them in somo cool closot, ami when you wish to servo them remove tho skin, cut tho beets In slices, pour hot water over them, after putting them in a saucepan, and let them stand on tho stove until not. Fish 8auce. ? A very good tish. sauce is thus made: Into two cups of hot milk and water, mixed in equal proportions, stir a teaspoonful of flour mixed with a littlo cold water, so that there arc no lumps left in it. Beat . and thon strain three eggs, and stir them in with two tablospoonfuls of butter, and popper and salt to suit your taste. Pour this over tho fi6h. The sauce may be varied in this way: Instead of putting the oggs in the sauce, boil them ten minutes, thon rcmovo the shells and cut tho eggs in Blices and lay them over tho lisli ; then pour tho sauco over all. Lemon Puddino. ? Mako a good pas try, aud lino an earthen dish with it; rub somo lumps of sugar on tho rind of two fresh lemons to absorb tho oil from thorn, and then squeeze tho lemons and strain tho juice ; melt six ounces or tablespoon fuls of butter by gentlo heat ; beat the yolks of eight eggs to a cream with half a pound of white sugar ; lost of all, beat oight whitec to a stiff broth, mix thorn lightly with the other ingredients, put the mixture Into the dish lined with pas tryt and set tho pudding in a moderate ovon to bako until the pastry is done ; serve the pudding hot. A Roman Circus. Homo is astir early? citizens and stranucrs, slaves and soldiers, all arc hurrying toward the., great pleasure ground of Romo? tho Circus Maximus. With flutes playing merrily, with sway ing standards and gloaming statues, with proud youpg cadots. with priests, and guards with ^rested helms, skilled por tormert, ' rostloss'norees and glittering chariots, down the Sacred street winds a long prdcossiob, led by tho hoy magis trate, Marcus of ; Rome, the favorite of tho emperor. It passes Into the great circus, and files Into the arepa; two hun dred thousand excitcd people ? think, boys, of a circus- tent that holds two hundred thousand peoplo ! ? riso to thoir feet and welcomo it with -Jiearty hand - clapping. The trum ?ftets sound the prelude, the young magistrate (standing in his Buggestus, or state box) flings tho tnappa, or white flag, into the course as tho signal for the start ; and, as a ringing sliQut goes up, four glittering chariots, rich in thoir decora tions of gold and polished ivory, and each drawn by *four plunging horses, burst from thoir arched stalls and dash around tho track. Green, blue, rod, white ? tho colors of tho drivers ? stroam from thoir tuuicB. Around and around they go. Now one and now another is ahead, Tho peoplo strain and cheer, and many a wagor is laid as to tho vic tor. Anothor shout! Tho red chariot, turning too sharply, grates against tho* inota, or short pillar that stands at tho upper end of tho track, guard ing tho low coutral wall; tho norses rear and plunge, the driver struggles man fully to control them, but all in vain ; over goes tho chariot, whllo tho now maddoncd horses dash wildly on until ohcckod by mounted niiuuumiU and lod oft to their stalls. "Blue I bluo!" "Green! green !" riso tho varying shouts, as tho contending chariots still strugglo for tho | lead. Wmte is far behind. Now comes tho seventh or final round. Blue leads! No, green is ahead ! - Nock and neck down the homo stretch they go magnifi cently, and tjion the cheer of victory is heard, as, with a final dash, tho groon rider strikes tho white cord first and the race la won! Now, in tho Intorval between tho races, come thoitthjetlc sports; foot-racing and VrrefttlJhg' ropo-dancing and high leap ing, quoit-throwing ana lavolih matches. One man irons a race with a fleet Cappa dooian horse; another expert rider drives two bore-baokod horses twice around the track, leapihg from back to baok<Aft tho horses dash around. Gan you see any very great dilforonee betwoen the circus Krformance of A. D. li)8 and one of A. 1884 H. Brooh, in St. Nich olas. ' a, y., ' ? Tlio Gondolas of Veniee. ?/v In tho years gone paAt, when doges lived in the ducal pafa'60 and VcnotTan might was felt in wars as well as In the world of oommerco, the gondolas wore brilliant with tho wealth of dccOratlon lavished on them ; and to-day, robbod as thoy arc of all their finery and having a uniform blackness, thoy are the treasured carriers of the people. They till tho Grand Canal as thickly as wagons do Broadway \ they swing gracefully around sh?rp couiora, dart up narrow out still watory ways, plungo under bridges and are rOwed over the lagoon and across to neighboring islands. And these strange boat*, gilding up strcetfr&f water, thoso curious carriages without horses that meet yOU it your doorsteps, thataro hired to go on errands with, thai are ' so com fortable, so easily managed, so fleet, to silont, so well rowed, constitute ono great charui of Venice. No other city ha# thorn ; no other evo?.will. / They are purely local*, as much a part of tho city as tho churohes are, or aVlheduoal palace is. -They meet you on arrival at the station and carry you to your -hotel, and thoy novir leavo you. By their aid vou see tho city. Lazily settled baok In their embrace you Ix-hold tho sunset* from near flan Giorgio Magglore, or see the tail (tompanilo rising boyond the water out of Ht. Mark's Rquare. * They carrv you to the I.ido. and to Delia flaluto, ana Nurdertho Rlalto. Hcfctod In them and noiselessly darting hero and there and everywhere, one needs not tho presenco of Gothic columns and Byr.antine archi tecture and the time-stained works of tho old masters to tell him that he is in $n ancient city ?nd in one that has the rich est art arid the most novel features of any In Europe. , Vonice is an unnatural re ality; it ia sn existing curiosity that soems as though it must have been forced up out of tho sea upon which It rests, instead of having been built whero It is becauso its founders had nothing but submerged sand-bfirs to build upon. D.>!Wlnslow, tho reverend Boston forger of nlno years ago, is flourishing at Buenoa Ayres 4mder the name of W. T). LoVf.' Ho publishes tho Daily Iforald nowspaper In three .languages, has a handsomo business block, the bent, horses in the elty, a wife whom he took to Kng land on a weddlhg trip, and Is the con fidential friend and adviser of tho presl dent oj tho tepttblic, ASKHICANJHIILT SH1P8 TM> WlMN BmlH-Tto* UrfMt SiOllav Khifm. From time to time there comes lato New York harbor, uu the Sun, first class woodea ships in ballast, flying the American flap and new from the ship yards of Maine. These arrivals are im portant events on the water-front. Noth ing so deeply stirs the salt soul* of tho men who abide in Broad and Beaver and South streets, or thereabouts, and who are led to- the wharves by a professional or sentimental interest in American com merce. The coming of each new ship denotes the hold we still- have on the ocean carrying trade. The vessels them selves attract general admiration, and justly, for they are beautiful objects. Among tho squat Norwegian barks and the diDgy green boxes of British boiler iron, their fipe Unes and far-reaching span and unsoiled canvass make them conspicuous. They are the elite of the soa. In point of aesthetic interest, at least, there Is no comparison between tho full-rigged, American- built wooden ship of from fiftoen to twenty-two hundred tons and anything elso that floats on tho ocean. Tho greater part of tho surviving' fleet of Amorican ehips was built in Maiuc, where the industry is still-octivo in spite of many discouraging conditions. The yard* of Bath and neighboring towns 011 tho Kennebec are foremost in tho world in wooden shipbuilding. No*t, prob ably, is Thomaston; some of tho largest wooden vessels in existence wero built thcie. Kennebunk, Damariscotta, nnd half a dozen other places on the Maine coast, Portsmouth in Now llumixdiire, Nowburyport, Modford, and East Boston in Massachusetts, and Myst'c in Con necticut havo been chief centers of the industry. From the edition for 1884 of tho American Lloyds Record, which, as wo aBsume, is nearly comploto in its registra tion of American-built ships, wo have derived by actual count some interesting facts : American-built ships sailing under tho Amorican flag 373 American- built snips soiling under for eign (lags 158 Total Auiorlcan-built chips 5:i0 Of tho 872 Amorican-built shins with Amoricun owner, of which there is record in the list of the American Lloyds, 251), or iust about two-thirds, wcro built in Maino, whilo 115, or nearly one-third of nil, enmo from tlio shipyards of Bath alone. Including all tho ships built in tho United States, and now serving- Ameri can or foreign owners, wo t?d that tho statistics of nativity aro as follows: Maine.. 310 Massachusetts 144 New York 3"! New Hampshire 15 Connecticut 13 All other Btatos 17 Total 6'JO Tho' 158 American-built ships which have passed out of our merchant marine and into the Borvicc of foreign owners are thus distributed : Germany 8*1 Norway and SwoJen 85 Great Britain 23 Holland 4 Austria 3 All other nations 13 Total 158 I Many of those aro old vessels; and it is a somewhat curious fact that tho num ber of ships sold to German or Nor wegian purchasers i9 proportionately greater from tho Massachusetts yards, particularly from Newburyport and Mcd iord, than from the Maine yards. That is to say, tho Maino ships have remained under tho American flag. That State built, as we have seen, about two-thirds of all the ships now registered as Ameri can vessels; while of the 158 exiled craft sho built less than half. Of the 145 Bath-built ships of which wo have record, only flftcon have been put under foreign bunting. Tho American IJoi/dt records seventy-five ships of all nationalities, registering 2,000 tons or over. Thirty-one of these be long to tho United States; and all but three of tho thirty-ono wore built in Maine. According to the samo . authority, which is probably incomplete in regard to foreign vossols, thero aro now afloat in tho world twenty-seven bailing ships, wooden and iron, of 2,200 tons or over. We havo compilod a list of the monsters, beginning with the Thrco Brothers, which is the old New York steamer Vanderbilt, converted about ten years ago into tho lorgestof all sailing vessels, and now ownc! in Brcmon: Art iii ?. 1 7*on ao*. Thrco Brothor#, , , Now York Ix>rd WoUey Ocean Kin* <W. J. Plrrlo ...... FIor?1 Cubv...,. Earl of Beacons fleld W?lt#r a. WII?on Komnndor Hvend Foyn........ Kontinere...,. It. D. Hlc?. Olonorchy ....... t. WiWondt,.... J. B. Kolloy.,.. Pin-nof* i.. Union*..., Union. ? Boinor?ot?h(ro. ... Onrrtcld ;/??? Great VletOfii,., I/orrt I ownshtre.. Uen. Knox. ...... Uonfc'.d McKpr. . . I'arker M. Whit toot*. Currlo . B. Hhat An Hon. ality. 8,?H'Oerm. 9,6*8 Brit. ?,BlT;Urtt. S, MS Amor. 9,?I0 JJr.t. 2,610 Hilt. MWBrlt. 9,488 BrIL 9,461 ;Brlt. Amor. Amor. ^,00^0?* 'SSSfr, %\owx> SSSfcR. w ||s? It will be soeu that (he greatest sailing '?hip now in tho Amerloan fleet is the Ocean King of d, 616 tons, built ton years ago -in Kennobunk. Let us have all the light possible on tho oondltlon and prospects of American shipbuilding. I<et us got, if we can, an agreement Of opinion among shipbuild ers, shipowners and shipbrokers as to what measures of legislation aro really needed for tho revival of this once pros perous industry, magnificent even in its ruins. ? _ i?i _ Durable Book Covers. Most readers have felt tho Inconven ience of the porishablo nature of the covers of books bound, in cloth, and tho liability of such covers to bo attacked by insocts, Such covers may bo mado very durable and the books protected against insects by simply riving tho cov ers a good coating of copal varnirth. Tho covers are iinprovod in appearance, and, being rendered damp-proof, aro not marked by handling with perspiring hands. Any articles covered with cloth, such as boxes for raicroscopio objects, <nav be greatly Improved by vnfnifthing, and many artlotes, such as boxes and cabinets, may he made of millboard eov ored with oloth and varnlshod, which, without the use of varnish, would bo necessarily made of wood, do heavior, not so strong, and more elumny. - (hr mnntoicn (/Vnt?0 TtUgraj>h. Young Bimpson (to tho lovelv Felicia, as they stand on tho plaxxa in tuo moon light): "Miss Felicia, this world looks so dreary and lonoly to mo. I feel as though no one loves me." Felicia (In a sympathetic tone): w Oh, Mr. Bimpson, <3od loves you." Bimpson, aftor a thoughtful pause, suggests thoy go in, as It is growing chilly. i <i ina?i|M?>iiii i ? "My son," said a father to his young son, "always mix in bright society;" una the son, taking his advice, began going frit K red-headed Philadelphia Xb*$. ''An oar of corn containing 1,100 w el matured grains wai grown in the Groe* Tete, Louisiana, *,?-> ?' 7 ' ' 'y " Currency or Dtftenat CoMtrlf*. f Hie tassols of the iEgis of Ptllaa, ac cording to the old Homeric verse, hid their value reckoned in oxen ? 100 tea sel* for the wne number of cattle. We remember the folly pf Glaucus in ex changing his golden armor worth 100 oxen, for the bronze armor of Dlomedes, worth only nine oxen. And recall the fact that the tripod which Achilles offered as a prize to the conoueror in the fu-veral games in honor of Patroclos, was valued by the Greeks at twelvo oxen; and that the gift of th6 loser waa a female slave at the value of four oxen. Thus we see that by Homer's time U had been found convenient to have the artlelee exchanged referred to some common measure of values. From Latin history wo learn (hat cattlo were in early use in Italy as measures of value, as is shown by the word pocunia, money, from pecus; their first metallic money bearing a representation of an ox or a sheep. Arabs used cattle for money in Adam Smith's day, and tho inhabitants of Utab did the same not long ago. When agriculture camc to bo a loss general employment, an cxChanue was nvulo by thoso various peoples through otlior means than cattle. Coins came into ueo to represent' them. In Spurtn, owing to the asceticism of tho inhabi tants, iron was used for coin. In Italy and Sicily, where copper could be readily obtained, the first coin whs bronze. Herodotus informs us that tho Lydians were the first jwople kuown to have coined gold and silver. As Asia Minor produced gold, it was natural that its first coin should be of that metal. This they hfcd in tho latter part of tho ninth century, 11. C. The first coin of Greece was silver, at the eloso of tho eighth century, B. C. Timarus, an ancient historian, tells us that until tho time of Servius Tullius, tho Konmns had no coined money, but made uso of bars of copper. These huge pieces of money wero oblong, like a brick, and stamped with the representation of I an ox or a sheep. Tho Britons, ut tho time of Civsar's in I Vllsioil hiul poins nf tin Irnn lirnua unci gold. Ancient Carthago usod leather for money. At the Biege of Milan, stanmed leather was issued as money, by Freder ick II. John the Good, of France,' had leather money made in 1030, with a small silver nail in the center. In Russiu, from 1828 to 1845, platina was coined. To this day, small blocks of rock-salt aro used as money in Abyssinia; codfish have been thus used in Iceland and New foundland; cowrie-shells and strips of cotton sorvc the samp purposu in Borneo, and pressed cubes of tea in Chinese Tar tary. Marco Polo found in China money made of tlio bark of the mulberry tree, which it was death to counterfeit. Pieces of silk have boon an established medium of exchange iu some parts of China. The unco of a wife in Virginia in 1010, selected from the one hundred and fifty women which were sent over from England, was at first 100 pounds of to bacco; but as the number for sale de | creased tho price was raisod to 150 pounds. Tobacco was at that timo tho money ? the medium of exchange and measure of values in tho colony, and re mained such until 1000. Tho wampum currency of the Indians, found by tho early Amorican'coloniBts, consisted of beads of two kindB ? ono white, made of the end of tho periwinkle shell; and tho other black, made from the black part of a clamshell. One whito bead was equal in valuo to two black. Tho? colonists used this money for ex changes, and in time it was mado legal tender in Massachusetts for twelvopenco. "Wheat was received in payment of all debts in Massachusetts in 1041, and in Franco during the revolution. There was a village in Scotland whero it was onco not uncommon for workmen to carry nails instead of money to tho baker's shop or tho ale-house. Beside- theso material moneys, there is I a money of account, which has no ma terial representative whatever. An ex nmplo of this is found among certain African tribes who calculated tho valuo of things in a sort of money of account called macates, saying one thing was worth ten inacatea, another fifteon, etc. There was no material thing called a macate; and if there had ever Wen such, the tribe had lost knowledgo of it. The inacato was simply a conventional unit I for the more convenient comparison of | things with one another, though it may i have had a concrete ancestor. Clipped coin and coin debased by tho sovereigns of tho countries whence thoy had insuod, necessitated an account of monoy in tho hands ol Genoa, Am sterdam, Venice, Hamburg and Nurem burg, in thcreatiy part of tho seventeenth century. As it had no mrttferial repre sentative, this monoy wasspokon'of as "ap ideal money account, and was known in its time as "bank monoy.'' An Italian Kostaurant In Now York. A writer says in the Now York Tri bune: Charles Delmonlco was inordi nately fond of two Italian dishos, ono culled riz/.otto, a compound of rice, to matoes, cliccso and macaroni, and "tho other, ravioli, a still moro complicated compound of chickon, beef, choeso, macaroni and parsley. But his own cooks being Frenchmen and unfamiliar with Italian cooking, ho had to go for them to tho Italian restaurant in Four teenth strcot, noarly opposite tho Acad emy, kndwn as ,the Cafa' Morcttl, Dcl monico used to make it a matter of duty and national pride to tako cvory Italian friend who visited him to at least one dinnor of rizxotto or ravioli at Moretti'a. MorettPs restaurant is tho resort of many strange groups of men and wtonen. A few days ajjo I saw thero at one table Colonel .1. if Maploson and Bignor Ar diti, of tho Aca<lomy, with Madame Cavallaz.7.1, danseuso of tho "oppsltlon shop," and .a Broadway jeweler : whllo near by sat a couple of priests, judging from their dress. I remember on ono occasion, somo years ago, seeing as Mor etti'a guests at tho samo hour, but at separate tables, General Fleasanton and wifo, Chiof-.Iustlco Charles P. Daly and wifo, tho Into Charles Backus, tho min strel, and Ins family; whilo Henry Ward Becchor, Mrs. Bto*6, and "Deacon" Howard, of Plymouth church, and his wifo, filled another table in the same long room. i Tho gioatest rnysfory about MorettPs k dinners. next to tho cooking of them, Is | their oneapness. For n good soup, a dish of macaroni? and pTonty of it fish, excellont lamb ohops ana kidnoys, two or three kinds of birds in season lettuco, salad, two or three kinds ot cheese, as ninny kinds of fruit, coffee and half n flask? in quantity at least a qnur.. ?of light Italian wino^he charges $1.25 ; with vin ordinuire, $1. At his own plnco Charles DolmonioO would have charged at least $5 or $0 for tho samo dinner. Another p?dullarlty of Moretti, who is probably the most independent, ?lovil-may caro Italian in tho city, is that in the busy hours of tho day ho will not servo a dmhor to a singlo guest; they must oomo In pairs to got placos. If n Biost complains of tho charge or tforvicc, orrotti Invariably returns his money on condition that, ho will novor oomo in tho j house again. Forty years ago that section of 0io country lying west of the Mississippi river was believed to bo a useless, unpro ductive region, and govomment oxplorcrs offered no encouragement to sottlora to go thero. At the present time tho largest and best -yields of com 'Sire procured thoro, and tho farmers derivo as groat profits from tho soil as do those of any other section. Q)R FEMININE HEADERS. lAilM Wko Vlklt th? Barter. Although men are supposed to know All about barber shops few have ?nv ides of the number of pretty girlt and charm ing women who climb into the big chairs and hare their hair trimmed or cut and their heads shampooed every week. It wm about 3 o'clock yesterday after noon that a couple of ladies and a little girl entered a west Madison street bar ber shop and asked the proprietor if he thought ho would be free from male cus tomers for an hour or so, "I want my head shampooed," said the lady patron, "and Bessio's hair must be cut, but I should die if a man came in. Now, if you can lock the door or put somebody outside to say you are en gaged, we will get ready." The barber reassured them and began at once to "shingle" Bessie. A woman etood on each side of him, and from tho number of questions asked it would not have been surprising had ho taken off one of Bessie's cars in tho operation. " Now, do bo careful ond cut it oven. Don't you thiuk you are cutting off too much from this side? Try and leave enough to bang if you can. Hasn't tho child One hair? What do you do with tho hair you cut?", were but a few of the interrogations with which lie was plied. When the child's head was satisfac torily arranged the youngorof the women sprang into the sent, piled her arctic upon the highest rest, and prepared to be washed. Tho razor-wiclder had some difficulties in taking down the Langtry knot, but succeeded after dropping most of the hair-pins on tho Door. She had brought her own comb, brush, towol, sponge, and soup, and although she made him wash his hands right there, and clean his finger-nails ? a luxury ho had not indulged in for moro than a month sVc had no objection to tho cologne and toilet-waters on tho stand, which she helped herself to. ?'I have heard that you bathers clean tho head beautifully, but the scalp i3 per fectly awful two days later.. Now, I don't want any such work, and if you make the dandruff conic out on my head I'll be back again and make you give me another shampoo for nothing.* to look to your laurels." When her hair was washed and dried as well as towel, bay rum, and a pair of big, strorig hands could dry it, she called for a fan, which, of courtie, wns not to be found. ? "If I only had thought to bring one! \Vell, no matter, here's h paper;" and the morning sheet was creased inlo a fan and handed to tho nstonished tonsorial artist with which to "dry fan" licr hair. While this operation was in progress tho man of tho razor was nsked how much money tho business yielded, the "price of such n jolly big chair," what mon talked about when they were getting shaved, what the strop was good for, and who got thn green tickets. After tho fauning proccpsthe exhausted man was compelled to comb out tho tan gles, and ho said to his partner, when that tardy individual returned: "Take my ncad for a foot-ball 4f she didn't want me to do up her waterfall." , Fatlilon Notes. Polonaises arc cut very long in front. In Paris the present is given to bril liant colors. ' Figured materials should only form parts of a toilet. Earrings arc -not fashionable? even handsome diamond ones. Peacock green with metallic blue is n fashionable French combination. A new machino hns been invented in Paris for mounting kilt-plcated skirts. Jet belts and belts of jet mingled with silver and steel beads are in favor. Tho palest colors in brocades, otto mans and satins aro imported for even ing drcssos. An artistic novelty hns recently been produced in tho way of an indoor toilet of dark blue gray cloth, with a tablier nnd waistcoat of real swallowd? On the street# of Paiis, during tho lnt? cold weather, plain skirts of sealskin, with brown silk overdressos and short sealskin mantles made their appearance. Bridul toilets made of white satin 01 whito velvet, arc completely veiled with white tullo barred with white chenille, which has a pearl at each crossing of th< bars. A street costume of biuc-blaok velvot, with a close jacket opening over a gold .barred gilet of blue satin, recently at tracted tho attention of the afternoon 'frequenters of a fashionable Parisian promenado. Handkerchiefs for demi-toilut arc ol tho finest and whitest cambric, and have borders of humming birds embrolderc*.' in brilliant hues or goomctricol hem. etitchcd designs with knots of bright tinted flowers embroidered upon them. Embroidered nainsooks for next season have figures of small birds, pansier, hya cinths in tholr natural sixes, scroll, leaf, and whoel designs, with occasional deli cate touohes of color, from six inches to a yard or more in depth, to form th? skirt of the dress, Vrhilo narrow ombroi dcries and insertions to match will b< used on tho overdress and corsage. High Prides for Literary Work. Borne interesting figures avo given in London Truth showing the earnings, of t numbor of well-known writers: flMsrnell, it is statod, made |>y his pen ?80,000: Byron, ?28,000; Lord Macauley received ?20.000 on account of three-fourths no! profits for his history. Thiors and Lamar tine rocoived nearly ?20,000 each foi their respective histories. Thackeray i 1 said never to havo received ?0,000 foi any of his novels. Sir Walter Scott wai paid ?110,000 for eleven novels of#thrc< volumes each and nino volumes of 'Talet of my Land lord.' For one novel ho re ceived ?10,000,. and between Noveihber, 1823, and June, 1827, ho received ?20. 000 for literary work. Lord Lytton it Isaid to have made ?80,000 by his novels; Dickens, it has been computed, ought to havo boon making ?10,000 a yearforfhret years pT jr to the publication of 'Nicho las Nlckleby'; and tfrollopo in twenty years mado ?70,000. The following sums aro said to liavt been p;iid for single works: 'Homola, George Elict^ ?10,000; 'Wavorley,' Boott, ?700; 'Woodstock,' Scott, ?8,000; 'Lif< of Napoleon,' Scott, ?18,000; 'Armadale,' Wllklo Collins, ?ft,000; 'Lallah ItookH,1 Thomas Moore, ?8,000; 'History ol .Home,' Goldsmith, ?800; 'History ol Grooce,' Goldsmith. ?2JJ0; 'History ol England,' Goldsmith, ?600; 'Vicar of Wakefield, ? Goldsmith, ?00; 'Decline and Fall,' Gibbon, ?10,000; 'Lives of Poets,' Johnson, ?800; 'Itasselas,' John son, ?100. The Chinese Leap- Year. This is the Chinaman'* leap-year, con sisting of thlrtcon months instead of twelvo. The manner oiT determining the Chinese leap-year is peculiar. It comes every three or four years, and is com puted by the phases of the moon. The Orthodox Cftjestlttl insists that the full moon shall appear on tho 10th of each month, nnd wnen she fails to do so on time tho mohth Is reckonod osonly twen ty-nlno days, tho other months contain ing thirty days. This lost day is care fully preserved until thirty of them havo aceummulated to tho credit of a year, when they are thrown together in a bunch and mako tho thirteciUh month of leap year. As in this country. CMnosa maSdens aro supposed to be allowed the privilege of opening matrimonial negotiations dur ing leap-yoar. and the festival at tho opening of the year is celebrated with great enthusiasm. -V.FACTb TOM TM CC*10P8. . Hole* feed regularly at 8 o'clock in the morniug, and 8 o'clock In the after noon. , J It has been found that slabs of marble after being exoosed to 'the sun for a Ion# time may bo bent. A Donegal legend asserts that the rea son why tinkers are wanderers is that one of their guild made the nails for the croes after the- blacksmith had refused, and in consequence the trado was cursed. The Dallas Herald soys tho longest line of fcuco in the world will t>e that from the Indian Territory west across tho Texas Pabhandlo and tbirty-fivo miles into Now Mexico. It will bo over 200 miles long. ' ? Among the extraordinary vows takon by Hindoos is this: The devotee lies on his back, placc% a handful of earth and some mustard seed on his upner lip and remains absolutely still until the seed germinates, which it usually does in about three days. The sinking inoun'ain of Nniba, in Algiers, is ono of the most extraordinary of tho many disturbances on the earth's crest. During tho last couple of years the mountaiu has been gradually sinking into the earth, a deep subsidence mark ing the place after settlement. Tl\jis sinking is not attended by earthquakes, nor is jt the result of a volcanic eruption. A festival of curious origin was that of an anniversary sacrifice of 500 goats to Minerva, at Athens. When Darius, em peror of Persia, made an iuvasion upon Attica, Cnllimuchus, v ho w?s at tnat time holding tho oflico of polcmarch, made a solemn vow to Minerva that, if sho would grant the victory over their enemies', they would sacrifice to her as many )ie goats as would equal tho num ber of slain on the enemy s side. The request was granted ; but the number of Persians who hajJ fallen in the battle was so great that all the he-goats they could procure did not come near it ; in stead of them they offered all the she goats they could find ; and these also falling infinitely short of the number, they made a decree that 300 goats should bo offered every year until it should bo completed. AVe will 6oon have half a dozen great railways traversing the American conti nent from ocean to ocu>m. Amid the rush of these enterprises it is pleasant to staud aside and look back upon various historical items in the distant past. Tho groat river, or Mississippi, is commonly b lid to have been discovered by Do Soto ; nn engraving of hia arrival upon its bank.i may be seen upon some of our notes, but even beforo Dc Soto's time, about 1520, there existed a map upon which tho low er part of the great river was traced, with thetaamo attached "Hio dol Espir ito Santo," i. <?., the river of tho Holy Ghost, which Do Soto, about 1540, found to be tho one called by tho aborigines "Mississippi." The first European who traversed this continent from sc.\ to soa from Florida, and who crossed the Mis sissippi and other large rivers, wae Cabeza dc Vaca, of whom She* writes: "He remains there in history, in a dis tant twilight, as the first European known to have stood on the banks of the Mis sissippi and to have launched his boat upon lis waters." Do Vaca was a former follower of the Spanish coinmandet Narvacz. Do Soto wa< tho next explorer, in 1530, nearly 850 years ago, and he died and was interred upon the banks the Mississippi. Khlps' Com pusses. One of the earliest Knglish poetb lins a stanza like this: ? Yo lodo ton") on yo little chippe Doth sorvo to guido ye mighty slup. e By ever p inting to y? pjle. Tlius coiwcieneo torvea to guilo th' soul. "Is it true that the original fillip's com pass was made of 'lodestone?' " was at kod bv a Now' York Sun reporter of a dealer in compasses and chronometers. "Yen. Magnetic iron ore on a bit of wood floating In a bowl of water is sup posed to have been the original compass. There aro old sailors living now who can remember when tho noodle was attached to a pieco of wood floating in a bowl. Tho first attempt at improvement was to attach the needlo to a card on which the thirty-two points of the compass were marked. Tho card was balanced at its center on a hardened stool point or pivot, the cap that rested on the point bo ing made of a^ate, garnet or sapphire, to reduco friction. Tho pivot was erected from the ccnter of tho bot tom of a bowl that was suspended in what arc culled gimbals, an arrange nicnt of rings aud pivots which kept the top of the bowl, and therefore the co:n pass card, always horizontal, whatovcr the ship's position. Tho great point at which the manufacturer- hoped to arrive was such an arrangement of the various parts of the compass as would leavo the neodlo in its position undisturbed when tho ship swung around. Tho most por foct construction of tho pivot and its cap was found faulty in that the point eventu ally woro down a collar so tnat tho card moved with the ship. " Tho latest doVicO for a compass is a return to the old ' lodostonc' and chip principle. Inst end of u single bit oJ steel thoro aro six ribbons of cast stcol secured to a card that is made of tin with air compnrtmonts in it. This card is floated on a bowl of water tinoturod with spirits. Tho spirits aro to prevent freez ing. The card rovolve's on a pivot of the best count met ion. The nivot in to keep tho ct.rd from touching the sides of tho bowl. Tho wator supports all tho weight of tho card, except ft few grains, so that no weight comes on tho pivot. If you over whirled a pail of water with a stick in it you noticed that tho stick remained' stationary while tho pail wont round. Tho card in tho l>owl remains on tho meridian while tho ship jibes about or vomcs up into tho wind. What Frltphtonn Pooplo. What wo don't know in what frightens us. Soldiers can bravo tho *known tor. rors of tho battle-Hold. Bailors dnro tho known perils of ocean storm, of ship* wreck and of collision with iccbcrga. But soldiers who have darod tho dangers of a hundred hattlo-fields have been tor rilled at tho apprehension of a ghost and dared not sloop in a house reputed to be a haunted house. Tho brave nallfl^ Who will stand by tho ship and do bin duty in battlo and in storm without flinching, Is terrified by some superstition o \ an unknown terror, the un lucky ship, or tho beginning of a voyage upon Friday, and nothing can reassure him against tug vague evil. Tho old fathors of New England wore brave men in dofonding their homes from the Indians and tho French, but whon It was rumored that' many among their own D)lo had mado covenants with tho I, whon hysterics was believed to l>o brought, upon tho subjects of thoso.who had mado this alliance with tho powers of darkness, it sent a terror to tho heart which made these good and just-meaning men as cruel as cleath. Hcleneo has ex plained the phenomena, where they have not been proved as fraud, and with the knowledge of natural laws and tho ob jects of naturo the terror has been very greatly diminished. Knowledge is tho antidote to fear, but the sad fa-.'t remains that only a part of tho peoplo In tho most enlightened community have knowledge even of the rudimentary sort which ena bles them to see that this Is a universe of law and ndt of mysterious totrors. The !>cop1o who do know aje not generally awaro of how. much of tho old>tlmo su perstition of tho days of witch oraft re mains. Indiana has 8,787 church edifice*, valued at $12,fi5ft,000. She pays hoi miriister* fl, 087, 687. WWW ARRIVALS W. C. GERALD'S OLD OOMIKIt STORK. I b?w hut NtvBKl from aurktt) ?b?r? 1 puroh*?HQ? hearyjstock of a)l Kinds oT Goods, At the wry loweet pilON, and I intend to fire my oMtomn the benefit of nr low pi io?t ymrahaM*. My atock oonalate ol Fall and Winter Dry Goods, Notions, Hosiery, Ao. Tb? bMt make and Ut?*t style* of Butt and Shoes. clotMni, Hats, &6, GROCERIES ! I& Grooerlea I hare u flno a stock m can be eeen in town. HARDWARE! Kor Plantation, Gaidcn and Household uae. l-'nU line ol Saddlery and Harness. In fact, 1 bare got almost anything you oan call for, ind am determined to Tell CHEAP FOR CASH. Call before you buy elsewhere. Bagging and flea alwaya on band. Hlvhest pricon paid for . Cotton in OMh. W. 0. QEllALD, At IK* Old Oorner Store. Remodeled and Newly Farnistied, 1 LATHAM HOUSE, OAMDEN, S, O. Transient Board $2.00 Per Day, Ample aooommodationa. Tables aupplie * ith the best the market affords. Every ad tentlon paid to the oomfort of gueata. Connected with the Douse la a first-class OAR, wbiob it orderly kopt. Haok to and from tue depot. Fare 26 eonta eaoh wsy. Feed and Livery Stable on promlees. & 11. LATHAM, rBOFBiKTOB. W. CLYBURN, General Insuranoe Agent And. Cotton Buyer. RemoTed tohlaoldeUnd atOlybnyn's Block (Vlll pay the highest prioe for Cotton and bu. nore freely than ever before. *?* My oountry frienda will pleaae r'r* me a celf. a*\*i7-tf, PRICES REDUCED. ROBERT D. WHITE, MARBLE ! GRANITE 1UKKS. PLANS FURNISHED. Mooting Street, oor. Horlbcok's Alley au>gl&-yl. CHARLESTON, fl. C. A. R. THOMUOSrSON Mftnnfkcturer of BARNES* of Every Doaorlption, SADDLES, BRIDLES, Bta MoC. BADDIES, NEW AND OLR of English Utoddlen, Steel BH?, J a, Eta salesroom 187 Meeting St., ly. CHARLES TON, & G. \^ETAL8, v IRON, BAGS, BOPB, OOTTON HtDES, SKINS, WOODWAX, FUBfl AU> KINDS OF PAPER STOCK, 40. tor We are paying the Highoet Cash Trices. MOSES GOLDSMrrn & SONS, aqgl8-lv. P. O. Box IMl j.o. Roiinraa, Brown Cotton Gins Wlnnshlp Cotton Cln With Feeders and Condensers Talbot A Bomb Enouo'b, Moxncu Enoiku, Bjunmu A Woo d Xaaim Boss Con on Pun, BcaoruLD OoTroa Fua, PlNDLXT COTTOK Pus% OOBM AMD WlIKAT MlIXA, Saw Mills, Bairrwo akd Put un, And all kind* of roaoklnery. D? nrt to oall and ae? my prices before purchasing any kiud of machinery. J. a B0LL1NO8, Oamdxn. & 0 W agoas and Buks'o HARNESS, ETC. The undersigned respootfully ?alls stten iIod to tbo large atook of 1, 2, 8 and 4 horse wagons, single and double ouggtes, open and top buggies, wagon aud buggy harness, etc., which lie now baa on band, and whi<Jh he la selling at living prices? bo low M to ensure l?rgo 8*lia. Handling tbe heavy atook I do, I can afford to aoll at a email profit. RKPAI RING In all Its branohea promptly and satisfactory ?xeouted by oompotout workmen. HOR8E 8HOEINC A apeoialty. Give me a oall. M. A.. MBTTB. scp7-lyt OLD 1 1853) ESTABLISHED Charleston Ice-House, ALVA, GAGE & CO., Mnrlrct, cor. Church Bt., Charleston, S.G. Importers and Shippers, Ica&le and Retail 'Valcre m ICE, Xoo packed for tho country a specialty. I.' J by (ho oar-load at special rates. Waver ly House, CnAJlLTSTON, 8. 0., GEORGE T. ALFOKD, .... Manaptr r.,.K^ 12 and M,50 per Day. This favorite Family Houso, under its qm managoqiont, is roootnmended for tho exoMx lonoo of itsouisine and homo-like comforts. Its airy tuid vroll ventilated rooms have Jus' boon n jwly carpeted and elegantly furnished. W. ?. OSATU. t. S. 91U?. OH A FEB & O'BRIEN, Wholesale Ghrooers 805 Bast Bay St, Charlaiton, %? C, Agent* for Extom's Fremitus Trenton Orsefc* aw. so* 1> ly DR. T. BERWICK LEO ARE, DENTIST, Graduate of the Baltimore College of , , Dents! Surflcry. OFFICE ? DI1K4LB flOUMK. Rntranrn on Drond WOLBERN & PIEPER, Wholesale Grocers And Doalera la Provisions, Liquors, Tobaooo &c. M01 and 100 JKAHT BAY, a n? 19-ly CHARLESTON, B. a FOUNDRY, 60x914 Foov MACHINE SHOP, 60x350 Feel. BOILER SHOP, *0x180 Fee t. G pORGE R. LOMBARD & DO, Foundry, Machine and Boiler Works, ^L-uarmxs?-tsa>? - Q-eorgla. BUILDERS OF Engines add Boilers, Saw lit Us, Grist Mills, and alt kinds of 11111 ma&l* nery of the lato.timpioved stvles. Shafting, Hanger*, Pulley*, Gearing and Journal Boftffli. We have a large a*?ortment or Patterns, 8orw Rollers and Gin Gearing. DEALERS IN Engine and Mill Sappho*, Clroular Baw?, Fllon, Gumraers, Swages. Globa Oheok and Bafoty Yalraa, Whistlos, GaugoB, S:a\tn Pipe aud Fitilngs. Babbet metal from lb to 40 oonts. Belting, Laotag, Rubber, Hemp, fcpapstono and Asbestos Paoklng, Oil. and Oil Oops, Wronohe*, I3n?ory wheels, oto. AOENX9 FOR Kslipae Double Turbine Wheel, Korting's Universal Injeotorc. the beat made i DradfeidMillCo's. Portablo Mills. Nordykn <fc Marmon Oo.'s Plantation Oorn and Feed Mills. Atlas Engine Works and Erie Olty Iron Works, Portable and Stationery Engine*. Kunkle's Pop Bafoty VaWes. Cloud Orsek Mill Rooks. iftr Iron and Brass Castings, and all kinds of Repa!rs promptly done. We OMt every day. and ara working about on* hundsed hand* OONBAREE IRON WORKS, COLUMBIA, 80UTH OAROLLNA. I M L' ti O V K L> CIRCULAR SAW KILLS. SIMPLE, OIIK \P AND DUR.U1I.E. W? ?M the celebrated Prlotion J/mxI on nil our 8iw M Us. We tin* the terj Mat material In their oori'strnoUon, and pjmro no. tlier labor nor expense to r*D~ Id thorn M DM? perfect m possible. We warrant nil onr work to be well mad* Mftof good material. We would like ir you would ootnparo ttio following figure* with thoM of othe* manufacturers and see if we do not sell you a better and Urgor law lull.at sawe figure*! PBIOH8. Wo. 1 1011, With 80 lnohe*,B*w, 10 feet carriage I27B 0? ??1 " " 8fl ?' 18 ?? < 285 00 ??1 ?? " 40 " 20 " roooo ? | " " 84 ?? 20 " 825 09 - 8 " " 40 ?? 20 ?? 860.00 ?? S " " 48 ?? 24 " 875 00 ??4 ? ?? BO ?? 24 " 400 00 "4 " ?? 02 " 24 " 435 00 Ultra Carriage, |8.00 per foot. The aboTC nill* r?^rv?tilf ?? to nrmiti belt, JDeol-ly JOHN ALKXANDTCH. P.opHeto WILSON, CHILOS & CO., PHILADELPHIA WAGON WORff* pkxzjapuxjpvxa^ apjh.* a ? "1 H aunmoryiraa ot ?.?< inm o? Plantation, OttjT, Analnaaa, ll|/HH ??' SPRING ! WAGONS. nvmut, Mum/turn. timi-.m whbbia and wHwwtaMii*