The Kershaw gazette. (Camden, Kershaw Co., S.C.) 1873-1887, March 13, 1884, Image 4
Injury is sometime* done to heavy soils
by plowing In winter Or early spring
when the ground is flllod with water.
The bottom of the plow iu such case*
compacts the clay subsoil, pressing it in
a smoofth fctyfaee, which hardens during
the suflMM* and becomes almost imper
Tioua fo wjjer^ Fields that *re plowed
onlyln the spring, and at a nearly unl
(urm depth, have sometime^ a hard pan
Just where the keel of the plow has
Sressed dowp the earth. When the soil
i baked hard by drought it is almost
lt&posaible to break up this crust, and
the failure to do this is the reason why
hooliifiUsrtH. . y. , ;: ? |
At the J?lfi4r|L Farmer's club, as re
ported by itna \Hmti><mdrnaf^ a practical
blacksmith said ; "I have shod horses a I
great miuMMk jwd .while I do not say
I have tfofRft owned 'hoofs, I have been
jbirifr like such burn
ismiths often inflict,
oqause it makes
mens the ' shell
'o^k .of dressing the
1 L ? _ _ fcpiaoo for setting the
sh<5fc** A ^iy shoeing' horses, which be
( gan when I was sixteen years old' and
continued more or loss until n^vf, and I j
j^nstnaWQDservation
bupwrfg fends to con
tlly to narrow the
check growth, and
pirttul. In burning the
not' nt All careful to
before the parts of the
^ circulation extends
has
tracj
h6er
that coi
hoof bbmksmil
stop thr opera
h??*pS
are inj
y. >
Sir ,T. H. LaWcs il^t^^'Dividin/.; the
constituents which exist in our crops
ihto tw** portions we Jearn that carbon
and wMmftiio' 6lnained from the atmos
phore, while the nitrogen and mineral j
substances aro derived- from the soil.
Tho atmosphere furnishes from ninety to
ninetyHW^^^a^gii^^ttpd tbeedil from five
to ten per coni^oLtlS} dry ) substanco of
crojw. Thtwrokoffemltty which ex
ists in soils, though general ly large, is for
. the most part in a latent fortri. Tho ni
trogen, fcr instance, which is in combi
natTem-with carbon, does not appear to to
available to any extent ?iojr thg fopd Qf j
Slants until it has bee? wpartifcd from
le' carbon, and fcy combination with ox
ygeq|i|v*|T^ ^,!$oro ;pf nitric
acid. Its manutihg properties wo know
are' then very great. Tno various me
chanical operations which .take plfcco on
the fatm fit In' the j^rdoh?plowing,
dig^#ifeH6hibg , harrowing rolling,
hoeing ? havo for their one object the
formation or nitric acid. A fertile. soil is
one * fftmiMtattt itp I UUpmte .?) and render
???J|b|f5%jth^ tiso of plants u consid
mcans of theitf roots. " - Thus it is that
fa<Sajwcum^i)l^o jvh}^|nabJo philo
?aiWHJT flhFofie nt?;for;tho
ij *oett havo found 0
10 11,6
,A
Use kerosene Hbomlly in tho poultm
quarters during iho winter. ?? It will 1
banish the insects and in also a' good de
odorizer and disinfectant.
Light Brah^as 'arc disposed to tsko
on fnt, and too 'heavy feeding Will stop
"their egg production. Peod twice a day
! and only as much they will eat up
clean. ??
En&ghlWtfdftig' should, bo provided
L for sheep kopt in warm basements, so
that when jylng ;down their wool will
ndt cimo ih contact with masses of tneir
own excrement. Not only does it soil
therwool; *taut thr heat which is thus en
gendered is hui tful. The.pile of manure
should, bo cleaned out soyei-artlmca dur
ing tho wlntor.
vWh a. plenty ;i?f goqd corn fodder
cn$o - will need very
HUlo h?j/ and none hut tho second crop
, ofcoiovcr. is.euitablo for cows giving milk.
' Cows will usually out tho hay that is
ta|n?iifr?n? '.horso mangers, and appar
ently relish it. about as woll hs if giveuto
thorn fresh. They will even pick out
bits of hay that 'have .been in tno horse
manure heap. MV
If young horses woro riddon or driven
over rough fields instead of over smooth
roads when first put in harness or. uhder
the saddle their liability to stumblo
- would bo much lessoned. They would
learn from the first to stop high in order
to avoid uneven surfacos, ana thU habit
m once aoqulr^twould prevent jtbis danger
; , later on roads ordinarily smooth, ? Airifr'
imn Cultivator.
' Some farmers dorive consolation1 for.
^?ftheir poor crop* in the idea that they ox?*
% Jbauit tho soil less than largo crops do.
orojD does tako most from the soli. It is
well, beside, to takd as ohoorful aviow
as possible of a bad situation. Practi
cally We must, however, confess that the
poor crop is most exhaustive, as it fur
nishes the farmer with less surplus to be
Used in restoring lost ;&rti||ttj^*W?.t \
M What is the boat way ty grow pota
toes!" asks a c^^ponflentj Lot' tho
"Iture "be nearly lovelj slightly hilling
ire thun this results in a
of roots producing many
Keop tho cultivator jrun
k ft rich loam. If there is
the soil add ft. Avdid
isnuro, whloli af
tat6 unpleasantly, j
crushed bonos
f. ?<; Do -hot try
mlrlin?d soli.
planting out the ? should be covewd *Uh
not over two inches of sGiL If a mod
and planted in hotbeds with a very slight
covering of soil, and planted out a#
recommended. ? Gtrmantovn Ttleyraph.
Ojianob Cuuk. ? Take the juke of
six bitter oranges and the rind of two
grated, put them into a stewpan with a
piufc ana a half of water and twelve
ounces of white sugar, stir till the sugar
is dissolved, then add the welt beaten
whites of six* eggs, stir over a slow fire
till it thickens, then strain through a
hair sieve or muslin, and stir till cold.
Put back into the pan and add the yolks
of the egys well beaten, stir over the fire
till the mixture begins to simmer, then
pour into a basin and stir again till cool
enough to be transferred to glasses.
Bkets. ? If you object decidedly to the
odor of beets when wiling, and on this
account do not have them on the tablo as
often as you would otherwise like, dry
this way of preparing them. Boil more
tban tho quantity required for one meal,
in saltc*l wat;r, and of course with their
jackcts on. Do not remove tho skin
from those which you are not to use
that day; set them in somo cool closot,
ami when you wish to servo them remove
tho skin, cut tho beets In slices, pour hot
water over them, after putting them in
a saucepan, and let them stand on tho
stove until not.
Fish 8auce. ? A very good tish. sauce
is thus made: Into two cups of hot milk
and water, mixed in equal proportions,
stir a teaspoonful of flour mixed with a
littlo cold water, so that there arc no
lumps left in it. Beat . and thon strain
three eggs, and stir them in with two
tablospoonfuls of butter, and popper and
salt to suit your taste. Pour this over
tho fi6h. The sauce may be varied in
this way: Instead of putting the oggs in
the sauce, boil them ten minutes, thon
rcmovo the shells and cut tho eggs in
Blices and lay them over tho lisli ; then
pour tho sauco over all.
Lemon Puddino. ? Mako a good pas
try, aud lino an earthen dish with it; rub
somo lumps of sugar on tho rind of two
fresh lemons to absorb tho oil from thorn,
and then squeeze tho lemons and strain
tho juice ; melt six ounces or tablespoon
fuls of butter by gentlo heat ; beat the
yolks of eight eggs to a cream with half
a pound of white sugar ; lost of all, beat
oight whitec to a stiff broth, mix thorn
lightly with the other ingredients, put
the mixture Into the dish lined with pas
tryt and set tho pudding in a moderate
ovon to bako until the pastry is done ;
serve the pudding hot.
A Roman Circus.
Homo is astir early? citizens and
stranucrs, slaves and soldiers, all arc
hurrying toward the., great pleasure
ground of Romo? tho Circus Maximus.
With flutes playing merrily, with sway
ing standards and gloaming statues, with
proud youpg cadots. with priests, and
guards with ^rested helms, skilled por
tormert, ' rostloss'norees and glittering
chariots, down the Sacred street winds
a long prdcossiob, led by tho hoy magis
trate, Marcus of ; Rome, the favorite of
tho emperor. It passes Into the great
circus, and files Into the arepa; two hun
dred thousand excitcd people ? think,
boys, of a circus- tent that holds two
hundred thousand peoplo ! ? riso to
thoir feet and welcomo it with
-Jiearty hand - clapping. The trum
?ftets sound the prelude, the young
magistrate (standing in his Buggestus, or
state box) flings tho tnappa, or white flag,
into the course as tho signal for the start ;
and, as a ringing sliQut goes up, four
glittering chariots, rich in thoir decora
tions of gold and polished ivory, and
each drawn by *four plunging horses,
burst from thoir arched stalls and dash
around tho track. Green, blue, rod,
white ? tho colors of tho drivers ? stroam
from thoir tuuicB. Around and around
they go. Now one and now another is
ahead, Tho peoplo strain and cheer,
and many a wagor is laid as to tho vic
tor. Anothor shout! Tho red chariot,
turning too sharply, grates against
tho* inota, or short pillar that stands
at tho upper end of tho track, guard
ing tho low coutral wall; tho norses
rear and plunge, the driver struggles man
fully to control them, but all in vain ;
over goes tho chariot, whllo tho now
maddoncd horses dash wildly on until
ohcckod by mounted niiuuumiU and lod
oft to their stalls. "Blue I bluo!" "Green!
green !" riso tho varying shouts, as tho
contending chariots still strugglo for tho
| lead. Wmte is far behind. Now comes
tho seventh or final round. Blue leads!
No, green is ahead ! - Nock and neck
down the homo stretch they go magnifi
cently, and tjion the cheer of victory is
heard, as, with a final dash, tho groon
rider strikes tho white cord first and the
race la won!
Now, in tho Intorval between tho races,
come thoitthjetlc sports; foot-racing and
VrrefttlJhg' ropo-dancing and high leap
ing, quoit-throwing ana lavolih matches.
One man irons a race with a fleet Cappa
dooian horse; another expert rider drives
two bore-baokod horses twice around the
track, leapihg from back to baok<Aft tho
horses dash around. Gan you see any
very great dilforonee betwoen the circus
Krformance of A. D. li)8 and one of A.
1884 H. Brooh, in St. Nich
olas. ' a, y., ' ?
Tlio Gondolas of Veniee.
?/v
In tho years gone paAt, when doges
lived in the ducal pafa'60 and VcnotTan
might was felt in wars as well as In the
world of oommerco, the gondolas wore
brilliant with tho wealth of dccOratlon
lavished on them ; and to-day, robbod as
thoy arc of all their finery and having a
uniform blackness, thoy are the treasured
carriers of the people. They till tho
Grand Canal as thickly as wagons do
Broadway \ they swing gracefully around
sh?rp couiora, dart up narrow out still
watory ways, plungo under bridges and
are rOwed over the lagoon and across to
neighboring islands. And these strange
boat*, gilding up strcetfr&f water, thoso
curious carriages without horses that
meet yOU it your doorsteps, thataro hired
to go on errands with, thai are ' so com
fortable, so easily managed, so fleet, to
silont, so well rowed, constitute ono
great charui of Venice. No other city
ha# thorn ; no other evo?.will. / They are
purely local*, as much a part of tho city
as tho churohes are, or aVlheduoal palace
is. -They meet you on arrival at the
station and carry you to your -hotel, and
thoy novir leavo you. By their aid vou
see tho city. Lazily settled baok In their
embrace you Ix-hold tho sunset* from
near flan Giorgio Magglore, or see the
tail (tompanilo rising boyond the water
out of Ht. Mark's Rquare. * They carrv
you to the I.ido. and to Delia flaluto, ana
Nurdertho Rlalto. Hcfctod In them and
noiselessly darting hero and there and
everywhere, one needs not tho presenco
of Gothic columns and Byr.antine archi
tecture and the time-stained works of tho
old masters to tell him that he is in $n
ancient city ?nd in one that has the rich
est art arid the most novel features of any
In Europe. , Vonice is an unnatural re
ality; it ia sn existing curiosity that
soems as though it must have been forced
up out of tho sea upon which It rests,
instead of having been built whero It is
becauso its founders had nothing but
submerged sand-bfirs to build upon.
D.>!Wlnslow, tho reverend Boston
forger of nlno years ago, is flourishing at
Buenoa Ayres 4mder the name of W. T).
LoVf.' Ho publishes tho Daily Iforald
nowspaper In three .languages, has a
handsomo business block, the bent, horses
in the elty, a wife whom he took to Kng
land on a weddlhg trip, and Is the con
fidential friend and adviser of tho presl
dent oj tho tepttblic,
ASKHICANJHIILT SH1P8
TM> WlMN BmlH-Tto*
UrfMt SiOllav Khifm.
From time to time there comes lato
New York harbor, uu the Sun, first
class woodea ships in ballast, flying the
American flap and new from the ship
yards of Maine. These arrivals are im
portant events on the water-front. Noth
ing so deeply stirs the salt soul* of tho
men who abide in Broad and Beaver and
South streets, or thereabouts, and who
are led to- the wharves by a professional
or sentimental interest in American com
merce. The coming of each new ship
denotes the hold we still- have on the
ocean carrying trade. The vessels them
selves attract general admiration, and
justly, for they are beautiful objects.
Among tho squat Norwegian barks and
the diDgy green boxes of British boiler
iron, their fipe Unes and far-reaching
span and unsoiled canvass make them
conspicuous. They are the elite of the
soa. In point of aesthetic interest, at
least, there Is no comparison between tho
full-rigged, American- built wooden ship
of from fiftoen to twenty-two hundred
tons and anything elso that floats on tho
ocean.
Tho greater part of tho surviving' fleet
of Amorican ehips was built in Maiuc,
where the industry is still-octivo in spite
of many discouraging conditions. The
yard* of Bath and neighboring towns 011
tho Kennebec are foremost in tho world
in wooden shipbuilding. No*t, prob
ably, is Thomaston; some of tho largest
wooden vessels in existence wero built
thcie. Kennebunk, Damariscotta, nnd
half a dozen other places on the Maine
coast, Portsmouth in Now llumixdiire,
Nowburyport, Modford, and East Boston
in Massachusetts, and Myst'c in Con
necticut havo been chief centers of the
industry. From the edition for 1884 of
tho American Lloyds Record, which, as wo
aBsume, is nearly comploto in its registra
tion of American-built ships, wo have
derived by actual count some interesting
facts :
American-built ships sailing under tho
Amorican flag 373
American- built snips soiling under for
eign (lags 158
Total Auiorlcan-built chips 5:i0
Of tho 872 Amorican-built shins with
Amoricun owner, of which there is record
in the list of the American Lloyds, 251),
or iust about two-thirds, wcro built in
Maino, whilo 115, or nearly one-third of
nil, enmo from tlio shipyards of Bath
alone.
Including all tho ships built in tho
United States, and now serving- Ameri
can or foreign owners, wo t?d that
tho statistics of nativity aro as follows:
Maine.. 310
Massachusetts 144
New York 3"!
New Hampshire 15
Connecticut 13
All other Btatos 17
Total 6'JO
Tho' 158 American-built ships which
have passed out of our merchant marine
and into the Borvicc of foreign owners are
thus distributed :
Germany 8*1
Norway and SwoJen 85
Great Britain 23
Holland 4
Austria 3
All other nations 13
Total 158
I Many of those aro old vessels; and it
is a somewhat curious fact that tho num
ber of ships sold to German or Nor
wegian purchasers i9 proportionately
greater from tho Massachusetts yards,
particularly from Newburyport and Mcd
iord, than from the Maine yards. That
is to say, tho Maino ships have remained
under tho American flag. That State
built, as we have seen, about two-thirds
of all the ships now registered as Ameri
can vessels; while of the 158 exiled craft
sho built less than half. Of the 145
Bath-built ships of which wo have
record, only flftcon have been put under
foreign bunting.
Tho American IJoi/dt records seventy-five
ships of all nationalities, registering 2,000
tons or over. Thirty-one of these be
long to tho United States; and all but
three of tho thirty-ono wore built in
Maine.
According to the samo . authority,
which is probably incomplete in regard
to foreign vossols, thero aro now afloat
in tho world twenty-seven bailing ships,
wooden and iron, of 2,200 tons or over.
We havo compilod a list of the monsters,
beginning with the Thrco Brothers,
which is the old New York steamer
Vanderbilt, converted about ten years
ago into tho lorgestof all sailing vessels,
and now ownc! in Brcmon:
Art iii ?.
1 7*on
ao*.
Thrco Brothor#, , ,
Now York
Ix>rd WoUey
Ocean Kin*
<W. J. Plrrlo ......
FIor?1
Cubv...,.
Earl of Beacons
fleld
W?lt#r a. WII?on
Komnndor Hvend
Foyn........
Kontinere...,.
It. D. Hlc?.
Olonorchy .......
t. WiWondt,....
J. B. Kolloy.,..
Pin-nof* i..
Union*...,
Union. ?
Boinor?ot?h(ro. ...
Onrrtcld ;/???
Great VletOfii,.,
I/orrt I ownshtre..
Uen. Knox. ......
Uonfc'.d McKpr. . .
I'arker M. Whit
toot*.
Currlo . B. Hhat
An
Hon.
ality.
8,?H'Oerm.
9,6*8 Brit.
?,BlT;Urtt.
S, MS Amor.
9,?I0 JJr.t.
2,610 Hilt.
MWBrlt.
9,488 BrIL
9,461 ;Brlt.
Amor.
Amor.
^,00^0?*
'SSSfr,
%\owx>
SSSfcR.
w
||s?
It will be soeu that (he greatest sailing
'?hip now in tho Amerloan fleet is the
Ocean King of d, 616 tons, built ton years
ago -in Kennobunk.
Let us have all the light possible on
tho oondltlon and prospects of American
shipbuilding. I<et us got, if we can, an
agreement Of opinion among shipbuild
ers, shipowners and shipbrokers as to
what measures of legislation aro really
needed for tho revival of this once pros
perous industry, magnificent even in its
ruins. ? _ i?i _
Durable Book Covers.
Most readers have felt tho Inconven
ience of the porishablo nature of the
covers of books bound, in cloth, and tho
liability of such covers to bo attacked
by insocts, Such covers may bo mado
very durable and the books protected
against insects by simply riving tho cov
ers a good coating of copal varnirth. Tho
covers are iinprovod in appearance, and,
being rendered damp-proof, aro not
marked by handling with perspiring
hands. Any articles covered with cloth,
such as boxes for raicroscopio objects,
<nav be greatly Improved by vnfnifthing,
and many artlotes, such as boxes and
cabinets, may he made of millboard eov
ored with oloth and varnlshod, which,
without the use of varnish, would bo
necessarily made of wood, do heavior,
not so strong, and more elumny. - (hr
mnntoicn (/Vnt?0 TtUgraj>h.
Young Bimpson (to tho lovelv Felicia,
as they stand on tho plaxxa in tuo moon
light): "Miss Felicia, this world looks
so dreary and lonoly to mo. I feel as
though no one loves me." Felicia (In a
sympathetic tone): w Oh, Mr. Bimpson,
<3od loves you." Bimpson, aftor a
thoughtful pause, suggests thoy go in, as
It is growing chilly.
i <i ina?i|M?>iiii i ?
"My son," said a father to his young
son, "always mix in bright society;" una
the son, taking his advice, began going
frit K red-headed Philadelphia
Xb*$.
''An oar of corn containing 1,100 w el
matured grains wai grown in the Groe*
Tete, Louisiana,
*,?-> ?' 7 ' ' 'y "
Currency or Dtftenat CoMtrlf*. f
Hie tassols of the iEgis of Ptllaa, ac
cording to the old Homeric verse, hid
their value reckoned in oxen ? 100 tea
sel* for the wne number of cattle. We
remember the folly pf Glaucus in ex
changing his golden armor worth 100
oxen, for the bronze armor of Dlomedes,
worth only nine oxen. And recall the fact
that the tripod which Achilles offered as
a prize to the conoueror in the fu-veral
games in honor of Patroclos, was valued
by the Greeks at twelvo oxen; and that
the gift of th6 loser waa a female slave at
the value of four oxen. Thus we see
that by Homer's time U had been found
convenient to have the artlelee exchanged
referred to some common measure of
values.
From Latin history wo learn (hat cattlo
were in early use in Italy as measures of
value, as is shown by the word pocunia,
money, from pecus; their first metallic
money bearing a representation of an ox
or a sheep.
Arabs used cattle for money in Adam
Smith's day, and tho inhabitants of Utab
did the same not long ago.
When agriculture camc to bo a loss
general employment, an cxChanue was
nvulo by thoso various peoples through
otlior means than cattle. Coins came
into ueo to represent' them. In Spurtn,
owing to the asceticism of tho inhabi
tants, iron was used for coin.
In Italy and Sicily, where copper
could be readily obtained, the first coin
whs bronze. Herodotus informs us that
tho Lydians were the first jwople kuown
to have coined gold and silver. As Asia
Minor produced gold, it was natural that
its first coin should be of that metal.
This they hfcd in tho latter part of tho
ninth century, 11. C.
The first coin of Greece was silver, at
the eloso of tho eighth century, B. C.
Timarus, an ancient historian, tells us
that until tho time of Servius Tullius,
tho Konmns had no coined money, but
made uso of bars of copper. These huge
pieces of money wero oblong, like a brick,
and stamped with the representation of
I an ox or a sheep.
Tho Britons, ut tho time of Civsar's in
I Vllsioil hiul poins nf tin Irnn lirnua unci
gold. Ancient Carthago usod leather for
money. At the Biege of Milan, stanmed
leather was issued as money, by Freder
ick II.
John the Good, of France,' had leather
money made in 1030, with a small silver
nail in the center. In Russiu, from 1828
to 1845, platina was coined.
To this day, small blocks of rock-salt
aro used as money in Abyssinia; codfish
have been thus used in Iceland and New
foundland; cowrie-shells and strips of
cotton sorvc the samp purposu in Borneo,
and pressed cubes of tea in Chinese Tar
tary.
Marco Polo found in China money
made of tlio bark of the mulberry tree,
which it was death to counterfeit. Pieces
of silk have boon an established medium
of exchange iu some parts of China.
The unco of a wife in Virginia in
1010, selected from the one hundred and
fifty women which were sent over from
England, was at first 100 pounds of to
bacco; but as the number for sale de
| creased tho price was raisod to 150
pounds. Tobacco was at that timo tho
money ? the medium of exchange and
measure of values in tho colony, and re
mained such until 1000.
Tho wampum currency of the Indians,
found by tho early Amorican'coloniBts,
consisted of beads of two kindB ? ono
white, made of the end of tho periwinkle
shell; and tho other black, made from
the black part of a clamshell. One whito
bead was equal in valuo to two black.
Tho? colonists used this money for ex
changes, and in time it was mado legal
tender in Massachusetts for twelvopenco.
"Wheat was received in payment of all
debts in Massachusetts in 1041, and in
Franco during the revolution. There was
a village in Scotland whero it was onco
not uncommon for workmen to carry
nails instead of money to tho baker's
shop or tho ale-house.
Beside- theso material moneys, there is
I a money of account, which has no ma
terial representative whatever. An ex
nmplo of this is found among certain
African tribes who calculated tho valuo
of things in a sort of money of account
called macates, saying one thing was
worth ten inacatea, another fifteon, etc.
There was no material thing called a
macate; and if there had ever Wen such,
the tribe had lost knowledgo of it. The
inacato was simply a conventional unit
I for the more convenient comparison of
| things with one another, though it may
i have had a concrete ancestor.
Clipped coin and coin debased by tho
sovereigns of tho countries whence thoy
had insuod, necessitated an account
of monoy in tho hands ol Genoa, Am
sterdam, Venice, Hamburg and Nurem
burg, in thcreatiy part of tho seventeenth
century. As it had no mrttferial repre
sentative, this monoy wasspokon'of as "ap
ideal money account, and was known in
its time as "bank monoy.''
An Italian Kostaurant In Now York.
A writer says in the Now York Tri
bune: Charles Delmonlco was inordi
nately fond of two Italian dishos, ono
culled riz/.otto, a compound of rice, to
matoes, cliccso and macaroni, and "tho
other, ravioli, a still moro complicated
compound of chickon, beef, choeso,
macaroni and parsley. But his own
cooks being Frenchmen and unfamiliar
with Italian cooking, ho had to go for
them to tho Italian restaurant in Four
teenth strcot, noarly opposite tho Acad
emy, kndwn as ,the Cafa' Morcttl, Dcl
monico used to make it a matter of duty
and national pride to tako cvory Italian
friend who visited him to at least one
dinnor of rizxotto or ravioli at Moretti'a.
MorettPs restaurant is tho resort of
many strange groups of men and wtonen.
A few days ajjo I saw thero at one table
Colonel .1. if Maploson and Bignor Ar
diti, of tho Aca<lomy, with Madame
Cavallaz.7.1, danseuso of tho "oppsltlon
shop," and .a Broadway jeweler : whllo
near by sat a couple of priests, judging
from their dress. I remember on ono
occasion, somo years ago, seeing as Mor
etti'a guests at tho samo hour, but at
separate tables, General Fleasanton and
wifo, Chiof-.Iustlco Charles P. Daly and
wifo, tho Into Charles Backus, tho min
strel, and Ins family; whilo Henry Ward
Becchor, Mrs. Bto*6, and "Deacon"
Howard, of Plymouth church, and his
wifo, filled another table in the same
long room.
i Tho gioatest rnysfory about MorettPs
k dinners. next to tho cooking of them, Is
| their oneapness. For n good soup, a
dish of macaroni? and pTonty of it
fish, excellont lamb ohops ana kidnoys,
two or three kinds of birds in season
lettuco, salad, two or three kinds ot
cheese, as ninny kinds of fruit, coffee and
half n flask? in quantity at least a qnur..
?of light Italian wino^he charges $1.25 ;
with vin ordinuire, $1. At his own
plnco Charles DolmonioO would have
charged at least $5 or $0 for tho samo
dinner. Another p?dullarlty of Moretti,
who is probably the most independent,
?lovil-may caro Italian in tho city, is that
in the busy hours of tho day ho will not
servo a dmhor to a singlo guest; they
must oomo In pairs to got placos. If n
Biost complains of tho charge or tforvicc,
orrotti Invariably returns his money on
condition that, ho will novor oomo in tho
j house again.
Forty years ago that section of 0io
country lying west of the Mississippi
river was believed to bo a useless, unpro
ductive region, and govomment oxplorcrs
offered no encouragement to sottlora to
go thero. At the present time tho largest
and best -yields of com 'Sire procured
thoro, and tho farmers derivo as groat
profits from tho soil as do those of any
other section.
Q)R FEMININE HEADERS.
lAilM Wko Vlklt th? Barter.
Although men are supposed to know
All about barber shops few have ?nv ides
of the number of pretty girlt and charm
ing women who climb into the big chairs
and hare their hair trimmed or cut and
their heads shampooed every week.
It wm about 3 o'clock yesterday after
noon that a couple of ladies and a little
girl entered a west Madison street bar
ber shop and asked the proprietor if he
thought ho would be free from male cus
tomers for an hour or so,
"I want my head shampooed," said
the lady patron, "and Bessio's hair must
be cut, but I should die if a man came
in. Now, if you can lock the door or
put somebody outside to say you are en
gaged, we will get ready."
The barber reassured them and began
at once to "shingle" Bessie. A woman
etood on each side of him, and from tho
number of questions asked it would not
have been surprising had ho taken off
one of Bessie's cars in tho operation.
" Now, do bo careful ond cut it oven.
Don't you thiuk you are cutting off too
much from this side? Try and leave
enough to bang if you can. Hasn't tho
child One hair? What do you do with
tho hair you cut?", were but a few of the
interrogations with which lie was plied.
When the child's head was satisfac
torily arranged the youngorof the women
sprang into the sent, piled her arctic upon
the highest rest, and prepared to be
washed. Tho razor-wiclder had some
difficulties in taking down the Langtry
knot, but succeeded after dropping most
of the hair-pins on tho Door. She had
brought her own comb, brush, towol,
sponge, and soup, and although she
made him wash his hands right there,
and clean his finger-nails ? a luxury ho
had not indulged in for moro than a
month sVc had no objection to tho
cologne and toilet-waters on tho stand,
which she helped herself to.
?'I have heard that you bathers clean
tho head beautifully, but the scalp i3 per
fectly awful two days later.. Now, I don't
want any such work, and if you make the
dandruff conic out on my head I'll be
back again and make you give me another
shampoo for nothing.* to look to your
laurels."
When her hair was washed and dried as
well as towel, bay rum, and a pair of big,
strorig hands could dry it, she called for
a fan, which, of courtie, wns not to be
found. ?
"If I only had thought to bring one!
\Vell, no matter, here's h paper;" and the
morning sheet was creased inlo a fan and
handed to tho nstonished tonsorial artist
with which to "dry fan" licr hair. While
this operation was in progress tho man of
tho razor was nsked how much money tho
business yielded, the "price of such n
jolly big chair," what mon talked about
when they were getting shaved, what the
strop was good for, and who got thn
green tickets.
After tho fauning proccpsthe exhausted
man was compelled to comb out tho tan
gles, and ho said to his partner, when that
tardy individual returned: "Take my
ncad for a foot-ball 4f she didn't want me
to do up her waterfall."
, Fatlilon Notes.
Polonaises arc cut very long in front.
In Paris the present is given to bril
liant colors. '
Figured materials should only form
parts of a toilet.
Earrings arc -not fashionable? even
handsome diamond ones.
Peacock green with metallic blue is
n fashionable French combination.
A new machino hns been invented in
Paris for mounting kilt-plcated skirts.
Jet belts and belts of jet mingled
with silver and steel beads are in favor.
Tho palest colors in brocades, otto
mans and satins aro imported for even
ing drcssos.
An artistic novelty hns recently been
produced in tho way of an indoor toilet
of dark blue gray cloth, with a tablier
nnd waistcoat of real swallowd?
On the street# of Paiis, during tho lnt?
cold weather, plain skirts of sealskin,
with brown silk overdressos and short
sealskin mantles made their appearance.
Bridul toilets made of white satin 01
whito velvet, arc completely veiled with
white tullo barred with white chenille,
which has a pearl at each crossing of th<
bars.
A street costume of biuc-blaok velvot,
with a close jacket opening over a gold
.barred gilet of blue satin, recently at
tracted tho attention of the afternoon
'frequenters of a fashionable Parisian
promenado.
Handkerchiefs for demi-toilut arc ol
tho finest and whitest cambric, and have
borders of humming birds embrolderc*.'
in brilliant hues or goomctricol hem.
etitchcd designs with knots of bright
tinted flowers embroidered upon them.
Embroidered nainsooks for next season
have figures of small birds, pansier, hya
cinths in tholr natural sixes, scroll, leaf,
and whoel designs, with occasional deli
cate touohes of color, from six inches to
a yard or more in depth, to form th?
skirt of the dress, Vrhilo narrow ombroi
dcries and insertions to match will b<
used on tho overdress and corsage.
High Prides for Literary Work.
Borne interesting figures avo given in
London Truth showing the earnings, of t
numbor of well-known writers: flMsrnell,
it is statod, made |>y his pen ?80,000:
Byron, ?28,000; Lord Macauley received
?20.000 on account of three-fourths no!
profits for his history. Thiors and Lamar
tine rocoived nearly ?20,000 each foi
their respective histories. Thackeray i 1
said never to havo received ?0,000 foi
any of his novels. Sir Walter Scott wai
paid ?110,000 for eleven novels of#thrc<
volumes each and nino volumes of 'Talet
of my Land lord.' For one novel ho re
ceived ?10,000,. and between Noveihber,
1823, and June, 1827, ho received ?20.
000 for literary work. Lord Lytton it
Isaid to have made ?80,000 by his novels;
Dickens, it has been computed, ought to
havo boon making ?10,000 a yearforfhret
years pT jr to the publication of 'Nicho
las Nlckleby'; and tfrollopo in twenty
years mado ?70,000.
The following sums aro said to liavt
been p;iid for single works: 'Homola,
George Elict^ ?10,000; 'Wavorley,' Boott,
?700; 'Woodstock,' Scott, ?8,000; 'Lif<
of Napoleon,' Scott, ?18,000; 'Armadale,'
Wllklo Collins, ?ft,000; 'Lallah ItookH,1
Thomas Moore, ?8,000; 'History ol
.Home,' Goldsmith, ?800; 'History ol
Grooce,' Goldsmith. ?2JJ0; 'History ol
England,' Goldsmith, ?600; 'Vicar of
Wakefield, ? Goldsmith, ?00; 'Decline
and Fall,' Gibbon, ?10,000; 'Lives of
Poets,' Johnson, ?800; 'Itasselas,' John
son, ?100.
The Chinese Leap- Year.
This is the Chinaman'* leap-year, con
sisting of thlrtcon months instead of
twelvo. The manner oiT determining the
Chinese leap-year is peculiar. It comes
every three or four years, and is com
puted by the phases of the moon. The
Orthodox Cftjestlttl insists that the full
moon shall appear on tho 10th of each
month, nnd wnen she fails to do so on
time tho mohth Is reckonod osonly twen
ty-nlno days, tho other months contain
ing thirty days. This lost day is care
fully preserved until thirty of them havo
aceummulated to tho credit of a year,
when they are thrown together in a bunch
and mako tho thirteciUh month of leap
year.
As in this country. CMnosa maSdens
aro supposed to be allowed the privilege
of opening matrimonial negotiations dur
ing leap-yoar. and the festival at tho
opening of the year is celebrated with
great enthusiasm.
-V.FACTb TOM TM CC*10P8. .
Hole* feed regularly at 8 o'clock in
the morniug, and 8 o'clock In the after
noon. , J
It has been found that slabs of marble
after being exoosed to 'the sun for a
Ion# time may bo bent.
A Donegal legend asserts that the rea
son why tinkers are wanderers is that
one of their guild made the nails for the
croes after the- blacksmith had refused,
and in consequence the trado was cursed.
The Dallas Herald soys tho longest line
of fcuco in the world will t>e that from
the Indian Territory west across tho
Texas Pabhandlo and tbirty-fivo miles
into Now Mexico. It will bo over 200
miles long. ' ?
Among the extraordinary vows takon
by Hindoos is this: The devotee lies on
his back, placc% a handful of earth and
some mustard seed on his upner lip and
remains absolutely still until the seed
germinates, which it usually does in
about three days.
The sinking inoun'ain of Nniba, in
Algiers, is ono of the most extraordinary
of tho many disturbances on the earth's
crest. During tho last couple of years
the mountaiu has been gradually sinking
into the earth, a deep subsidence mark
ing the place after settlement. Tl\jis
sinking is not attended by earthquakes,
nor is jt the result of a volcanic eruption.
A festival of curious origin was that of
an anniversary sacrifice of 500 goats to
Minerva, at Athens. When Darius, em
peror of Persia, made an iuvasion upon
Attica, Cnllimuchus, v ho w?s at tnat
time holding tho oflico of polcmarch,
made a solemn vow to Minerva that, if
sho would grant the victory over their
enemies', they would sacrifice to her as
many )ie goats as would equal tho num
ber of slain on the enemy s side. The
request was granted ; but the number of
Persians who hajJ fallen in the battle
was so great that all the he-goats they
could procure did not come near it ; in
stead of them they offered all the she
goats they could find ; and these also
falling infinitely short of the number,
they made a decree that 300 goats should
bo offered every year until it should bo
completed.
AVe will 6oon have half a dozen great
railways traversing the American conti
nent from ocean to ocu>m. Amid the
rush of these enterprises it is pleasant to
staud aside and look back upon various
historical items in the distant past. Tho
groat river, or Mississippi, is commonly
b lid to have been discovered by Do Soto ;
nn engraving of hia arrival upon its bank.i
may be seen upon some of our notes, but
even beforo Dc Soto's time, about 1520,
there existed a map upon which tho low
er part of the great river was traced,
with thetaamo attached "Hio dol Espir
ito Santo," i. <?., the river of tho Holy
Ghost, which Do Soto, about 1540, found
to be tho one called by tho aborigines
"Mississippi." The first European who
traversed this continent from sc.\ to soa
from Florida, and who crossed the Mis
sissippi and other large rivers, wae
Cabeza dc Vaca, of whom She* writes:
"He remains there in history, in a dis
tant twilight, as the first European known
to have stood on the banks of the Mis
sissippi and to have launched his boat
upon lis waters." Do Vaca was a former
follower of the Spanish coinmandet
Narvacz. Do Soto wa< tho next explorer,
in 1530, nearly 850 years ago, and he
died and was interred upon the banks
the Mississippi.
Khlps' Com pusses.
One of the earliest Knglish poetb lins a
stanza like this:
?
Yo lodo ton") on yo little chippe
Doth sorvo to guido ye mighty slup. e
By ever p inting to y? pjle.
Tlius coiwcieneo torvea to guilo th' soul.
"Is it true that the original fillip's com
pass was made of 'lodestone?' " was at kod
bv a Now' York Sun reporter of a dealer
in compasses and chronometers.
"Yen. Magnetic iron ore on a bit of
wood floating In a bowl of water is sup
posed to have been the original compass.
There aro old sailors living now who can
remember when tho noodle was attached
to a pieco of wood floating in a bowl.
Tho first attempt at improvement was to
attach the needlo to a card on which the
thirty-two points of the compass were
marked. Tho card was balanced at its
center on a hardened stool point or pivot,
the cap that rested on the point bo
ing made of a^ate, garnet or sapphire,
to reduco friction. Tho pivot was
erected from the ccnter of tho bot
tom of a bowl that was suspended in
what arc culled gimbals, an arrange
nicnt of rings aud pivots which kept the
top of the bowl, and therefore the co:n
pass card, always horizontal, whatovcr
the ship's position. Tho great point at
which the manufacturer- hoped to arrive
was such an arrangement of the various
parts of the compass as would leavo the
neodlo in its position undisturbed when
tho ship swung around. Tho most por
foct construction of tho pivot and its cap
was found faulty in that the point eventu
ally woro down a collar so tnat tho card
moved with the ship.
" Tho latest doVicO for a compass is a
return to the old ' lodostonc' and chip
principle. Inst end of u single bit oJ
steel thoro aro six ribbons of cast stcol
secured to a card that is made of tin with
air compnrtmonts in it. This card is
floated on a bowl of water tinoturod with
spirits. Tho spirits aro to prevent freez
ing. The card rovolve's on a pivot of the
best count met ion. The nivot in to keep
tho ct.rd from touching the sides of tho
bowl. Tho wator supports all tho weight
of tho card, except ft few grains, so that
no weight comes on tho pivot. If you
over whirled a pail of water with a stick
in it you noticed that tho stick remained'
stationary while tho pail wont round.
Tho card in tho l>owl remains on tho
meridian while tho ship jibes about or
vomcs up into tho wind.
What Frltphtonn Pooplo.
What wo don't know in what frightens
us. Soldiers can bravo tho *known tor.
rors of tho battle-Hold. Bailors dnro tho
known perils of ocean storm, of ship*
wreck and of collision with iccbcrga.
But soldiers who have darod tho dangers
of a hundred hattlo-fields have been tor
rilled at tho apprehension of a ghost and
dared not sloop in a house reputed to be
a haunted house. Tho brave nallfl^ Who
will stand by tho ship and do bin duty
in battlo and in storm without flinching,
Is terrified by some superstition o \
an unknown terror, the un
lucky ship, or tho beginning
of a voyage upon Friday, and nothing
can reassure him against tug vague evil.
Tho old fathors of New England wore
brave men in dofonding their homes from
the Indians and tho French, but whon It
was rumored that' many among their own
D)lo had mado covenants with tho
I, whon hysterics was believed to l>o
brought, upon tho subjects of thoso.who
had mado this alliance with tho powers of
darkness, it sent a terror to tho heart
which made these good and just-meaning
men as cruel as cleath. Hcleneo has ex
plained the phenomena, where they have
not been proved as fraud, and with the
knowledge of natural laws and tho ob
jects of naturo the terror has been very
greatly diminished. Knowledge is tho
antidote to fear, but the sad fa-.'t remains
that only a part of tho peoplo In tho most
enlightened community have knowledge
even of the rudimentary sort which ena
bles them to see that this Is a universe of
law and ndt of mysterious totrors. The
!>cop1o who do know aje not generally
awaro of how. much of tho old>tlmo su
perstition of tho days of witch oraft re
mains.
Indiana has 8,787 church edifice*,
valued at $12,fi5ft,000. She pays hoi
miriister* fl, 087, 687.
WWW ARRIVALS
W. C. GERALD'S
OLD OOMIKIt STORK.
I b?w hut NtvBKl from aurktt) ?b?r? 1
puroh*?HQ? hearyjstock of a)l
Kinds oT Goods,
At the wry loweet pilON, and I intend to
fire my oMtomn the benefit of nr low
pi io?t ymrahaM*. My atock oonalate ol
Fall and Winter Dry Goods,
Notions, Hosiery, Ao.
Tb? bMt make and Ut?*t style* of
Butt and Shoes. clotMni, Hats, &6,
GROCERIES !
I& Grooerlea I hare u flno a stock m can be
eeen in town.
HARDWARE!
Kor Plantation, Gaidcn and Household uae.
l-'nU line ol Saddlery and Harness. In fact,
1 bare got almost anything you oan call for,
ind am determined to Tell
CHEAP FOR CASH.
Call before you buy elsewhere. Bagging and
flea alwaya on band. Hlvhest pricon paid for .
Cotton in OMh. W. 0. QEllALD,
At IK* Old Oorner Store.
Remodeled and Newly Farnistied, 1
LATHAM HOUSE,
OAMDEN, S, O.
Transient Board $2.00 Per Day,
Ample aooommodationa. Tables aupplie
* ith the best the market affords. Every ad
tentlon paid to the oomfort of gueata.
Connected with the Douse la a first-class
OAR, wbiob it orderly kopt.
Haok to and from tue depot. Fare 26 eonta
eaoh wsy.
Feed and Livery Stable on promlees.
& 11. LATHAM, rBOFBiKTOB.
W. CLYBURN,
General Insuranoe Agent
And. Cotton Buyer.
RemoTed tohlaoldeUnd atOlybnyn's Block
(Vlll pay the highest prioe for Cotton and bu.
nore freely than ever before.
*?* My oountry frienda will pleaae r'r*
me a celf. a*\*i7-tf,
PRICES REDUCED.
ROBERT D. WHITE,
MARBLE ! GRANITE 1UKKS.
PLANS FURNISHED.
Mooting Street, oor. Horlbcok's Alley
au>gl&-yl. CHARLESTON, fl. C.
A. R. THOMUOSrSON
Mftnnfkcturer of
BARNES* of Every Doaorlption,
SADDLES, BRIDLES, Bta
MoC. BADDIES,
NEW AND OLR
of English Utoddlen, Steel BH?,
J a, Eta
salesroom 187 Meeting St.,
ly. CHARLES TON, & G.
\^ETAL8,
v IRON, BAGS,
BOPB, OOTTON
HtDES, SKINS,
WOODWAX, FUBfl
AU> KINDS OF PAPER STOCK, 40.
tor We are paying the Highoet Cash Trices.
MOSES GOLDSMrrn & SONS,
aqgl8-lv. P. O. Box IMl
j.o. Roiinraa,
Brown Cotton Gins
Wlnnshlp Cotton Cln
With Feeders and Condensers
Talbot A Bomb Enouo'b,
Moxncu Enoiku,
Bjunmu A Woo d Xaaim
Boss Con on Pun,
BcaoruLD OoTroa Fua,
PlNDLXT COTTOK Pus%
OOBM AMD WlIKAT MlIXA,
Saw Mills,
Bairrwo akd Put un,
And all kind* of roaoklnery. D? nrt to oall
and ae? my prices before purchasing any kiud
of machinery. J. a B0LL1NO8,
Oamdxn. & 0
W agoas and Buks'o
HARNESS, ETC.
The undersigned respootfully ?alls stten
iIod to tbo large atook of 1, 2, 8 and 4 horse
wagons, single and double ouggtes, open and
top buggies, wagon aud buggy harness, etc.,
which lie now baa on band, and whi<Jh he la
selling at living prices? bo low M to ensure
l?rgo 8*lia. Handling tbe heavy atook I do,
I can afford to aoll at a email profit.
RKPAI RING
In all Its branohea promptly and satisfactory
?xeouted by oompotout workmen.
HOR8E 8HOEINC
A apeoialty. Give me a oall. M. A.. MBTTB.
scp7-lyt
OLD 1 1853) ESTABLISHED
Charleston Ice-House,
ALVA, GAGE & CO.,
Mnrlrct, cor. Church Bt., Charleston, S.G.
Importers and Shippers, Ica&le and Retail
'Valcre m
ICE,
Xoo packed for tho country a specialty.
I.' J by (ho oar-load at special rates.
Waver ly House,
CnAJlLTSTON, 8. 0.,
GEORGE T. ALFOKD, .... Manaptr
r.,.K^ 12 and M,50 per Day.
This favorite Family Houso, under its qm
managoqiont, is roootnmended for tho exoMx
lonoo of itsouisine and homo-like comforts.
Its airy tuid vroll ventilated rooms have Jus'
boon n jwly carpeted and elegantly furnished.
W. ?. OSATU. t. S. 91U?.
OH A FEB & O'BRIEN,
Wholesale Ghrooers
805 Bast Bay St,
Charlaiton, %? C,
Agent* for Extom's Fremitus Trenton Orsefc*
aw. so* 1> ly
DR. T. BERWICK LEO ARE,
DENTIST,
Graduate of the Baltimore College of
, , Dents! Surflcry.
OFFICE ? DI1K4LB flOUMK.
Rntranrn on Drond
WOLBERN & PIEPER,
Wholesale Grocers
And Doalera la
Provisions, Liquors, Tobaooo &c.
M01 and 100 JKAHT BAY,
a n? 19-ly CHARLESTON, B. a
FOUNDRY, 60x914 Foov MACHINE SHOP, 60x350 Feel. BOILER SHOP, *0x180 Fee t.
G pORGE R. LOMBARD & DO,
Foundry, Machine and Boiler Works,
^L-uarmxs?-tsa>? - Q-eorgla.
BUILDERS OF Engines add Boilers, Saw lit Us, Grist Mills, and alt kinds of 11111 ma&l*
nery of the lato.timpioved stvles. Shafting, Hanger*, Pulley*, Gearing and Journal Boftffli.
We have a large a*?ortment or Patterns, 8orw Rollers and Gin Gearing.
DEALERS IN Engine and Mill Sappho*, Clroular Baw?, Fllon, Gumraers, Swages. Globa
Oheok and Bafoty Yalraa, Whistlos, GaugoB, S:a\tn Pipe aud Fitilngs. Babbet metal from lb
to 40 oonts. Belting, Laotag, Rubber, Hemp, fcpapstono and Asbestos Paoklng, Oil. and Oil
Oops, Wronohe*, I3n?ory wheels, oto.
AOENX9 FOR Kslipae Double Turbine Wheel, Korting's Universal Injeotorc. the beat
made i DradfeidMillCo's. Portablo Mills. Nordykn <fc Marmon Oo.'s Plantation Oorn and
Feed Mills. Atlas Engine Works and Erie Olty Iron Works, Portable and Stationery Engine*.
Kunkle's Pop Bafoty VaWes. Cloud Orsek Mill Rooks.
iftr Iron and Brass Castings, and all kinds of Repa!rs promptly done. We OMt every day.
and ara working about on* hundsed hand*
OONBAREE IRON WORKS,
COLUMBIA, 80UTH OAROLLNA.
I M L' ti O V K L>
CIRCULAR SAW KILLS.
SIMPLE, OIIK \P AND DUR.U1I.E.
W? ?M the celebrated Prlotion J/mxI on nil our 8iw M Us. We tin* the terj
Mat material In their oori'strnoUon, and pjmro no. tlier labor nor expense to r*D~
Id thorn M DM? perfect m possible. We warrant nil onr work to be well mad*
Mftof good material. We would like ir you would ootnparo ttio following figure*
with thoM of othe* manufacturers and see if we do not sell you a better and Urgor
law lull.at sawe figure*!
PBIOH8.
Wo. 1 1011, With 80 lnohe*,B*w, 10 feet carriage I27B 0?
??1 " " 8fl ?' 18 ?? < 285 00
??1 ?? " 40 " 20 " roooo
? | " " 84 ?? 20 " 825 09
- 8 " " 40 ?? 20 ?? 860.00
?? S " " 48 ?? 24 " 875 00
??4 ? ?? BO ?? 24 " 400 00
"4 " ?? 02 " 24 " 435 00
Ultra Carriage, |8.00 per foot. The aboTC nill* r?^rv?tilf ?? to nrmiti belt,
JDeol-ly JOHN ALKXANDTCH. P.opHeto
WILSON, CHILOS & CO.,
PHILADELPHIA WAGON WORff*
pkxzjapuxjpvxa^ apjh.*
a
?
"1
H
aunmoryiraa ot ?.?< inm o?
Plantation, OttjT, Analnaaa, ll|/HH ??'
SPRING ! WAGONS.
nvmut, Mum/turn. timi-.m whbbia and wHwwtaMii*