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> '.. k .Vj . T-? ,-J'f ? ' ****** I - . * '."?'*- .*?"'.-.... j . J?Utin li i w?tMNI?*Pfo<e^^ I im ??o?jr?we*??fyM^ 1 ?'. '(^ AMjplMI^^ ..><A'mPs*%** *> i j .iNfUtt.' ^^????Pi'^nn-hr ?*?? ^N? iwyv ->^^ <,-?.4.w- .-.? ... . mew . 1 r ,?,,i ??'?>????>'?. ?in ^, <l?t,ijM*waiV*ai i^IHf^'l?^?^^ ^ t.. '.. ,vu. ?- ? ,-1-r--- *r- " ??" ?? ? I-"*ap* F .a ri win n.. I.IT - , num. -r* i nw ? ?iiK i Jj?n? T.i .N>?J!i?jri?iit<iMip ? ijninirTr-iriHim m r ,i . ?-..ni nii.nir , , -in_j - i_. J j il Nt.' I -JL JJ ) ?TBB? WEDKEBDAT MOBNISO. ? B Jl. ? ? /I g 1 5 .-??I 1 I 1 Bli ? I /\ iDTEWHMlSn. ? Y JULIAN A. SELBY, g H g I A B / i ? | J g jg |H ? M M \JJ ,1 H / jL A Per Square, 9 Ucee, am Inat-rthm ...ii: 7? ?OITOB ATO PBOParETOB. M T ^ ? m - - Tm K?*?n SSZLBS Each aubaequeut insertion. 5(1 Office on Main Street,above Taylor. . - - ---=- - W SIvsS^cS BPWrjcgg . weekly, each insertion. 75 . . " ---?.-. ?J, . ? . " Ml^^^a?aWMrarebjB? BamLf?iy . i - _ . .. jar A liberal ditcount made on the ahora. 1I^?M"IT^TS/ " *T!*8parUnbwg "Lot oar Just Conjure *^5?*<E3H^^8aPl8if Attend the True Event." ^ adoertfMfitttu-ii ?re <??rW?/fci , ?m^^U??^:^?^^ RY J. A. flELBY. COLUMBIA. S. O.. WEDNESDAY MORNING. DECEMBER 8. 1809. VOL. V-NO. 223. nro?0L? ..;: s5aa?iD??T?? sassaes. T?O'4** Siti?is and House of Representatives: In coming before you for the first time, ss the Chief ?f agistrato of this grout mi? tton, iii is with gratitude to the Gi vor of AU Good for tho many benefits we on joju. ;,We ?re blessed with peace at home, r!S?aft entangling alliances abroad tc forebode trouble. With territory unsur? passed in fertility, Of area equal to the support of 500.000.COO of people, abeu lid? ing in every variety of useful mineral in quantity sufficient to supply the world for generations; exuberant crops, variety of climate, adapted to the production of every species of earth's riches, suited to tho habito, tastes and requirements of ovory living thing. A population of 10, - 000,000 of free people, speaking ono language; facilities for every mortal to acquire education; institutions, closing to none the avenues to fame or any bless? ing of fortune that may be coveted; free? dom of pulpit, press and school; roven nc flowing into the national treasury beyond the requirements of the Government. Happily, harmony is being rapidly re? stored within our own borders; manu? factures hitherto unknown in our coun? try, are, springing up in all sections, pro? ducing a degree of national indepondonco unequaled by any other power. Those blessings, and oountless others, aro en? trusted to your care and mine for safe keeping for the brief period of our te? nure of office. In a short time we must, each of us, return to the ranks of the people who have conferred our honors and account to them for our stewardship. I earnestly desire-that neither you nor I may be condemned by a free, enlightened constituency, nor by our own consciences. Emerging irom a rebellion of gigantic magnitude-aided aa it was by tue sym? pathies and assistance of nations with whioh wo were at peace-eleven States o) tho Union wore, four years ago, left with? out legal ?tate governments; a national debt ha? boen contracted; American com? merce, was almost driven from tho seas; the industry of one-half of the country had been taken from the control of thc capitalists and placed where all laboi rightfully belongs, in the keeping of thc laborer. The work of .restoring the State governments loyal to the Union, of pro tooting sod fostering free labor and pro? viding the means for paying interest on the pablio debt, has received ample at? tention from Congress, although youl efforts have not met with that success ir all particulars that might have been do sired; yet, on the whole, they have beer more successful than could have beet reasonably anticipated. Seven States whioh passed the ordinance of accessio r. have been fully restored to their place: in the Union. Tba eighth, Georgia, held an election, at which she ratified hei constitution, republican in form, electee a Governor, members of Congress, i State Legislature, and other officers rc quired. The Governor was installed ant the Legislature met and performed ul acts then required of them by tho reoon struotion aots of Congress. Subsequently however, in violation of the constitutioi which they had just ratified, ns since dc oided by the Supreme Court of the Slato they unseated tho colored members ii the Legislature and admitted to seati some members who are disqualified b] the third clause of the fourteenth amend ment, an article whioh they themselve had contributed to ratify. Under thea circumstances, I would submit to yoi whether it would not be wise, withou delay, to enact a law authorizing the Go vernor of Georgia to convene the mern bers originally elected to the Legislature requiring eaoh to take the oath prescribe* by the reconstruction acts, uud none t be admitted who are ineligible under th third clause of the fourteenth amend ment. The freedmen, under protectio whioh they have- received, are makin; rapid progress in learning, and no com plaints are heard of lack of industry o thelk part, where they receive fair remn noration for their labor. The means prc vided for paying the interest on the put lie debt, with all other expenses of Gc vornmout, are mora than ample. Th loss of our commerce is only tho re su of the late rebellion, whioh has not r< ceived sufficient attention from you. T this subject I call your earnest attontior I will not no w suggest plans by which th object may be effected, but will, if necei eery, make it tho subject of a specii message during the session of Congres: At the March term, Congress, by joii resolution, authorized the Executive t order elections in tho States of Yirginii Mississippi and Texas, and to submit t them constitutions which each had pr< vionsly framed, and submit constitutioi either entire or in separate parts, to b voted upon at the discretion of the Ex? cutive. Under this authority electiot were called. In Virginia the eleetio took place on the 6th of July, and tl Governor and Lieutenant-Governor elec ed have been installed. The Legislate] met, did all required by this resolotio and by all the reconstruction acts < Congress, and abstained from all doub ful authority. I recommend that h Senators and Rorfrfesehtatives be promp ly admitted to their seats, and that Sta be folly restored toits place in thefainl of States. Elections wore called in Mississippi ai Texas, to commence November 80-two da in Mississippi and four in Texas. The eic tiona havo talion place, but the result is n known. It is hoped that the Aots of tho L gielatures of these States, when they me< will be such as to receive your approval, ai thus elose the work of reconstruction. Amoi tho evils growing out of the rebellion, and n yet referred to, ia that of an irredeemable cur? rency. It is an evil which I hopo will receive your moet earnest attontion. It is a duty, and ono of the highest duties of Government, to secure to tho citizen a medium of exchange, of fixed, unvarying value; this implies a ro I turn to a Boccie basie, and no substituto for it can bo do vised. It should bo commenced now and reached at tho earliest practicable mo? ment consistent with a fuir regard to tho in? terests of the debtor olaes. Immediate re? sumption, if practicable, would not be desir? able. lt would compol tho debtor class to pay beyond their contracts tho promium in gold at tho dato of their purchase, and would bring bankruptcy and ruin to thousands. Flue!na? tion, however, in paper value of the mensuro of all vr.lues gold ia detrimental to the inter cits of trade; it makes thc man of business an involuntary gambler -for, in all sales whero futuro payment is to bo made, both parties speculate aa to what will be tho value of currency to bo paid and received. I ear? nestly re com m end to you, thon, such legisla? tion as will insure a gradual return to specie payment and put an immediate atop to tho fluctuation in tho value of currency. The mo thods to secure tho former of theao results are numerous with speculators ou political econo? my. To secure tho latter, I eeo but ono way, and that ie to authorize the Treasury to re? deem its own naper at a fixed price whenever presented, and to withhold from circulation all currency BO redeemed uulil Bold again for gold. The vaat resources of tho nation, both doveloped and undeveloped, ought to raako our credit tho best on earth. With lesa bur? den of taxation that tho citizen has endured for six years past, the entire public debt could bo paid in ton years, but it ia not desirablo that thc. people should bo taxed to pay it in that tune. Year by yoar thc ability to pay in? creases in rapid ratio, hut the burdon of in? terest ought to he reduced as rapidly as can bo without violation of contracts. The public debt is represented iu groat part by bonds having from five to twenty, and from ten to forty years to run, bearing interest at tho rate of ? and 5 por cent., respectively, lt is op? tional with tho Government to* pay those bonds at any period after thc expiration of tho least timo mentioned upon their face. Tho timo has already expired when u groat part may bc taken up, and rapidly approaching when all may be. It is behoved that all which aro now duo may bo replaced by bonds bear? ing a rato of intcroBt not excekdiog -i\ pei cent., and as rapidly aa tho remainder become duo that they may bc replaced in the same way. To accomplteh thia it may be necessary to autborizo interest to bo paid at either ol three or four of tho money centres of Europe or by any Assistant Treasurer of the United HtateH, at tho option of tho holder of thc bonds. I suggest this subject for tho conside? ration of Cougro88, and aleo simultaneous!) with this tho propriety of redeeming our cur roney, as bofore suggested, at its market value at tho timo tho law goes into effect increasing tho rate at which currency will bo bought anc sold from day to day, or weok to week, at same rats of interest as the Government pnys npoi itsfbonds. Tho subject of tarin" sud internal laxatioi will necessarily receive your attention. Th? revenues of tho country aro greater than iti requiremouts, and may with safety be re duced; but as the funding of the debt in a fou or four and-a-half por cent, loan would rednci the annual expenses largely, thue, after fund ing, justifying a greater reduction of taxatioi thau would be now expedient, I suggest i postponement of the question until the nex meeting of Congroas. It may .bc advisable t< modify taxation in instances where unjust o burdensome discrimination are made by th present law, but a general revision of tho law regulating this subject 1 recommend a post ponoment for the present. I also unggest ; renewal of the tax on incomes, but at reduce rate, say threo per cent., and this tax to ex pira in threo yeara. With tho funding of th' national debt, as here suggested, I foci eat in saying that taxes and revenue from import may bo reduced safely from $00,000,000 t $60,000,000 per annum at euee, and may b still further reduced from to year to year, a the resources of tho country aro developed. Tho report of the Secretary of thc Trcaaur shows tb? receipts of Government for tho tit cal year ending June 80. lo be $370,013,74' expenditures, including interests, bonni ic: Ac, to bo $321,490,507. The catimatos for th ensuing year are more favorable to the Gi vernment and will no doubt show a niue larger decreaeo of thc public debt. Tho ri coipts in tho Treasury, beyond expenditure) have exceeded tho amount necessary to plac to tho credit of tho sinking fund au provide by law. To lock up thc surplus in tho Troi miry and withhold it from circulation wool loud to snob a contraction o? currency as I cripple trade and uorioutdy affect tho prospi rity of tho country. Under these circuit stances the Secretary of tho Trcasurv an myself hoartily concurred in tho propriety i usiug all surplus currency in tho Treasury i tho purchase of Government bonds, thus n docing tho interest bearing indebtedness < tho country, and of submitting to Oongrei tho question of thc disposition to be made i bonds BO purchased. Monds now held by tl Treasury amount to $75,000,000, iuclndir thoso belonging to the sinking lund. I r commend that the whole bo placed to thc- cr dit of the sinking fund. Your attention is respectfully invited to tl recommendation of tbs Secretary of the Tre su ry for the er oat ion of an ellice of Com mi semer of Customs Revenue; for tho incroa of tho salary of certain classes of official I and substitution of increased national bai circulation, to replace outstanding 3 per cen certificates, and most especially to his rccot inundation for thc repeal of laws allowii shares of fines, penalties, forfeitures, Ac,, officors of Government or to informers. Tl office of Commissionor of lntorn41 I te venue oue of tho most arduous and resoonsiblou der tho Government. It falls li*.'.lo short ot Cabinet position in its importuner and reapo sibilitieH. I would ask for it, therefore, SUI legislation as, in yoar judgment, will placo t ofiico upon a footing of dignity coinmcnsuta with itu importance), and with tho charact and qualifications or a ela of men requir to lill it properly. AH the United States is the freest of all ii tiona, so too its people sympathize with peoples struggling for liberty and self-govci ment; but while BO sympathizing, it is duo our honor that we simula abstain from enfoi ing our vicwa upon unwilling nations, a from taking an interested part without- invit tion in quarrels between different nations between governments and their subjects. 0 courso should always bo iu conformity wi strict justice and law. in international a local law. Suoh has been the policy of t administration in dealing with questions. I moro than a year, a valuable provinco Spain, and ? near neighbor of ours, in wh< iii ~~ poople cannot but feel deep in lum has hean struggling for independence a freedom., The people and Government of t Unltod Btatesentcrtain tho same warm fcolii and symjiaehiirt for* the poople of Cuba In th pending struggle that they manifest throughout ia previous struggles betwe Spain and her former colonies in behalf the latter. Bot the contest has at no ti assumed conditions which amount to war the sense of international law, or which wot ahow the existence of A de facto political or- j ganization of inaorgenta ?officient to justify a recognition of belligerency. Tho principio ia maintained, however, that this nation ie ita own judge when to accord rights of belli? gerency either to a people struggling to free thomaelvqa from a Government they believo to be oppressive, or to independent nations at war with each other. Tho Lnited States have no disposition to interfere with existing relations of Spain to her colonial possessions on this continent. They believe that in doe timo Spain and other European powers will find their interest in terminating tho.-o relations and establishing their prosent dependencies aa independent powers. These dependencies aro no longer regarded as subject to transfer from one European power bi another. When thc present relation of colonies cea6o, they aro to become independent powers, exercising right of choice and of self-control fn dotormiuing their future conditions and relations with other powers. Tho United States, in order to put a stop to bloodshed in Cuba, and in tho interest of the neighboring people, proposed its good offices to bring tho existing contest to a termination. Tho offer not being accepted by Spain on thc basis which we believed could be received by Cuba, was withdrawn. It it hoped tho good offices of tho United States may yet provo advantageous for a settlement of this unhappy strife. Meanwhile a numbei of illegal expeditions against Cuba have beer broken up. lt has been the endeavor of thc administration to executo tho neutrality laws no matter how unpleasant tho task, made sc by tho suffering we have ondured from a lad of liko good faith towards us bv other nations On the 26th of March laet, the United Kt at ci schooner Lizzie Major waa arreetod on th< high BOSS by a Spanish frigate, and two pas seagers taken and carried prisoners to Cuba Representations of thcao facts wore made ti tho Spanish Government aa soon as officia information reached Washington; tho two pas sengcrs wero sot at liberty, and tho Spaniel Government assured the United States tba tho Captain ot tho frigate, in making tho cap turc, had acted without law; that ho ha been reprimanded, and that tho Spanish au thoritics in Cnb.i would not sanction any ac that could violate rights, or treat with disrc spect tho sovereignty of this nation. Tho question of thc seizure ot the brig Mar Lowell, at Bahama, by the Spanish authoi itioa, is now tho subject ot corrospondenco bc tween this Government, Spain and Uren Britain. The Captain Gencrai of Cuba, about Ma last, issued a proclamation, authorizing tb search of vessels on tho high seas, linnie diato remonstrance was made against thu whereupon thc Captain General issued a no proclamation, limiting the search to vessels e. the United States, authorized under the treat of 1795. Thia proclamation, howover, was in mediately withdrawn. I have always thought that moat intimal relations should bo cultivated between th United States and independent nations on th Continent. It may bo well worth conaidoric whether new treatios botweon the Unite States and them may not be profitably entere into to secure moro intimate relations, friendl commercial and otherwise. An intcr-ocoanic canal, to connect tho A lantic and l'acitio ocoana through the Isthmi of Darien, is ono in which commerce is great intoreatod. Instructions havo been given our Mipistor to thc United Statea of Colomb to endeavor to obtaiu authority for a aurvi to determine tho practicability of tho undi taking. In order to comply with thc agreement wi thc United States as to a mixed commission Lima for the adjustment of claims, it beear necessary to send a Commissioner and Sect tary to Lima. Tho good offices of the United States bring about pcaco between Spain and Sou American Republics having been accoptcd Spain, Peru and Chili, a Congress baa been i vitcd to bo hold in Washington during thc pi sent winter. A graut his been given to Europeans of ; exclusivo right of transit over the Territory Nicaranga, to which Costa Rica baa given consent, which, it is alleged, conflicts with t vented rights of citizens of tho United Stab Thc Department of State baa now this subj? under consideration. Tho Minister of Peru having made rep sontations that there waa a state of war 1 tween Peru and Spain, and that tho Gove: meut of Spain wis {constructing in and nc New York thirty gun-boats, which might used by Spain to relievo her naval forco Cuba to operate against Porn, orders we given to prevent their departuro. No fnrtl stops havo boen talton by tile representative tho Peruvian Govt rnmo it to provent tho i parturo of these . easels, and I, not fccli authorized to detain tho propel ty of a nat with which wo aro at pcaco, em mero Exe tivo order, the matter has been refeircd to 1 Coarte. The conduct of the war botweon the All and the Republic of Paraguay has made int course with that country difficult, and it 1 been deemed advisable to withdraw our rep soutativu from thore. Towards tho close of tho laat adminiat tion, a convention waa signed at London the settletnont of tho outstanding claims tweon Great Britain and the United Stal which failed to receive tho advice and cons of tho Senate. Timo and circumstances tending the negotiation of that treaty w unfavorable to its accept anco by the pe-opl the Uuitod States, and its provisions w wholly inadequate for a settlement of grave wrongs sustained by thia Ge>vernm in the injurioa resulting to tho United Ste by roason of the course adopted by Gi Britain during tho war-in increased rate insurance-; in diminution of exports and ports, and other obstructions to domestic dmtry and production; in ita effoct upon foreign commerce el tho couutry; in tho crease and transfer to Great Britain of commercial marine; in prolongation ot and inci eased cost, both in treasure aili lives, for its auppresaion-could not be justed and satialied aa ordinary commer claims, which cemtinually ariso between c merci al nations, and yet the convention tree thom simply SB such ordinary claims, f which thoy differ moro widely in tho gravit their character than in tho magnitude of t amount. Groat evon as ia that difference, a word waa found in the troaty, and not ai foronco could bo drawn from lt, to remove sonso of unfriendliness of the course of O Britain in our strugglo for existence, wi had so deeply and universally impressed ii upon the people of this country. Belie' that a convention, tims misconceive;! ii scope and inadequate in its provisions, w not have produced tho hearty, cordial so ment of pending questions, which alon consistent with tue relations I desire to 1 firmly established between the United St and Groat Britain, I regarded the action o: Senate, in rejecting the treaty, to have ? wisely taken in the interest of peace, and necessary stop in the direction of a pei and cordial friendship between the two o tries. Sensitive people, conscious of 1 power, are moro at ease under a great w wholly unatoned than under the restraint eottlomont whioh satisfies neither their i of justice nor their grave senee of the | vance they have enetained. The reject!' the treaty ?rae fellowed by a state of publie feeling, on both aides, whioh I thought not favorable to an immediate attempt at renewed negotiations. I accordingly so instructed the Minister of the United States to Oreat Britain and formd that mv viowe, in this regard, were j shared by Ber Majesty's Ministers. I hope : that thc time may soon arrivo when the two I Governments oan approach tho solution of j this momentous question with an appreciation of what is dne to therights, dignity and honor j of each, and with determination not only to j removo tho causas ot complaint in the patt, but to lay the foundation of a broad principio I of public law which will tend to llrm and con ? tinucd peace and friendship. This is now the ! only gravo question which the United States ; hau with any foreign nation. Tho question of renewing tho treaty for re? ciprocal trado between tho United States and 1 British Provinces on this continent ha? boen I favorably considered. In conformity with recommendation to Congress, a proposition to abolish mixed courts for thc suppression of the slave trado ?3 under negotiation. It having como to my knowledgo that a cor? porate company, organized under British taws, proposed to land upon tho shores of tho United States and to op?ralo there a subma? rino cabio, under a concession from tho Empe? ror of tho French, of an oxclnsive right for twenty yearn of telegraphic communication between the shores ol Franco and the United states, with the very objcctionablo feature of subjecting all messages conveyed thereby to tho scrutiny and control of tho French Go? vernment, I caused tho French and British Legations at Washington to be made acquaint? ed with tho probable policy of Congross on this subject, as foreshadowed by tho bill which passed tho Senate in March last. This drew from tho representatives of tho company an agreement to accept, as tho basis of their ope? rations, the provisions of tho bill, or such other enact meut on tho subject as might bo passed during the approaching session of Congress; also to nso their influence to secure from tho French Government a modification of thoir concession to permit tho landing of any cable belonging to any company incorporated by au? thority of the United States or any State in j tho Union, and on their part not to oppose the j establishment of any auch oablo. In couside I ration of thia agreement, I directod tho with? drawal of all opposition by the United States I to landing the cable until tho mocting of Con ! gress. I regret to say that there has boon no j modification made ia thc company's conces? sion, nor so far as I can learn, have they at? tempted to secure one. This concession ex? cludes capital and citizons of tho United States from competition upon thc shores ot France. I recommend legislation to protect tho lights of the citizens of tho United States aud the sovereignty of tho nation agu i n st H ucl] ? assumption. I shall also endeavor to secure, by negotiation, an abandonment of tho prin? ciple of monopolios in ocean telegraphic ca? bles. Tho unsettled political condition o! other countries loss fortunate than our own sometimes induces their citizens to come tc thc United States for tho sole purpose of bo coming naturalized. Having secured this they return to their native country and reside thero. Without disclosing their change o allegiance, they accept official positions ol trust or honor which can only bo held by citi ' zens of their native lands; they journey undei passports designating them [as such citizons and it is only when civil discord, after perhapi ' years of quiet, threaten* their persone or thei j property, or when their native St ato draft I them into its military service, that thei ? chango of allegiance ia known. They resid? I permanently away from the United States I contributo nothing lo ita revenues, avoid tb I duties of citizenship, and only make them ? selves known by a claim of protection. I hav ? directod tho Diplomatic and Consular officer ! to scrutinize carefully all such claims of pro ! tection. Thc citizen of tho United States j whether nativo or adopted, who discharges hi I duty to his country, is entitled to its complet I protection. Whiio I have a voice in the direc lion of alf lira, I shall not consent to imper: thc sacred tight by conferring it upon fie tit iou or fraudulent claimants. Invitations have been extended to thc Cabi nets of London, Paris, Florence, Berlin, Brut eels, tho Hague, Copenhagen and Stockholm to empower their representatives at Washing ton to simultaneously enter into negotiation and coucludo with tho United States convoi tions identical in form, making uniform regt lati?os as to the construction of parts of vet eels to bo devoted to the use of emigrar passengers, aa to thc quality and quantity < food, as to tho medical treatment of tho sic and to thn mles to be observed during th voyage, in order to secute ventilation, to pr< moto health, to prevent intrusion aud to pri teet thc females, and providing for thc estai lishuicnt of tribunals in tho several countrii for enforcing each regulations by auinmai process. Your attention is respectfully called to tl law regulating tho tariff on it uss i an hem] and to the question whether to lix theuhargi on Russian hemp higher than they are tixe upon Manilla. Ia it not a violation of 01 treaty with Russia, placing her products upc tho samo footing with those of tho most favor? nations? Our manufactures are increasing with wo derful rapidity under tho encouragome: which they now re?oive. With tho improv ment s in machinery already effected and st increasing, causing machinery to take tl placo of skillful labor to a large extent, o importa of many articles mnat fall off large within a few years. Fortunately, too. mau facturcrB arc not confined to a few localitic as formerly, and it is to bo hoped will bscor more and moro diffused, making thc intcrc in them rqnal in all sections. Thoy give ei ploy oient and support to hundreds of tho sands of people at home, and retain with the means which otherwise would bu shlpp abroad. The extension of the railroads in Europe a tho East is bringing into competition with o agricultural producers Uko producta of otli countries. Self-interest, if not sclf-prcacn lion, therefore, dictates caution against d turning any industrial interest of tho counti It teaches us, also, the necessity of looking other markets for tho salo of our surpli Our neighbors South of us, and China a Japan, should recoivo our special attention, will be the endeavor of tho administration cultivate such relations with all theso uatic as to ontitle us to their confidence, and ma it their interest, as well aa ours, to establi better commercial relations. Through the agency of a more enlighter polioy than that heretofore pursued towai China, largely due to the sagacity and eil of one of our own distinguished citizons, I world ia about to commonco largely morea? relations with that populous and hitherto < elusivo nation. As the United States hi been tha initiatory nation in this PAW poli so they should be thenoet earnest in show! their good faith in making it a success, thia oonneotion, I advise auoh legielation will forever preclude the enslavement of I Chineae upon our soil under the name coolies, and ?Ino prevont American vest from engagiUg ia tne transportation of coo! to any country tolerating the system. I a recommend that the mission to China be rab to ono of the drat class. On my assuming the responsible duties Cbief Magistrate of the United Htotos, it wes with the conviction that three things were essential to Ks peace, prosperity and fallest development: First among these is strict in? tegrity in fulfilling all our obligations. Second, to secure protection to the person and pro? perty of tho citizen of tho United State? in each and overv portion of our common coun? try, wherever ho may choose to move, without refvrenco to original nationality, religion, color, or politics, demanding of him only obe? dience to tho laws and proper respect for tho rights of others. Third, a union of all the States with eoual rights, indestructible by any constitutional means. To secure tbo first of these, Congress baa taken two oesentiol stops: First, in declaring, by joint resolution, that, the public dobt shall 'bo paid, principal and interest, in coin; and, second, by providing the moans for paying. Providing the mesas, howovor, could not secure tho object desired without a proper administration of tho laws for the collection of the revenues and an eco? nomical disbursement of them. To this sub? ject the administration has most earnestly addressed itself with results, I hopo, satisfac? tory to the country. Thero has been no hesi? tation in changing officials in order to seenro an efficient execution of the laws; sometimes, too, where, in a mero party viow, undesirable Eolitical results were likely to follow; nor any eeitation in sustaining efficient officials against remonstrances wholly political. It may bo well to mention boro tho embar? rassment possible to ariso from loavimg on the statute books tho so-called tonure-of-ofilce Acts, and to earnestly recommend their total repeal. It could not havo boon the intention of the framers of tho Constitution when pro? viding that appointments made by the Presi? dent should receivo the consent of the Senate that the latter should have the power to re? tain in office persons placed there by Fedora appointments against tho will of tho Pre si dont. The law is inconsistent with a faithfu and efficient administration of tho Govern? ment. What faith can an Executive put ii officials forced upon him, and those, too, whon he has suspended for reason? How wi li sucl officials be likoly to aeivc an administrate which they know does not trust them? For thu second requisite to our growth am prosperity, timo and a firm but humane adtni nistration of existing laws, amended fron timo to time, as they may bo ineffective o prove harsh and unnecessary, are probably al that ara required. The third cannot bo at tained by special legislation, but mast be re gurded au fixed by tho Constitution itself, ant gradually acquioscod in by force of public opi nion from the foundation of the Govcrnmon to the present. The management of thc original inhabitant of thia continent, tho Indi&ns, has beena snb ?oct of embarrassment and expenso, and ha been attended with continuous robberies murders and wars. From mv own experienc upon the frontiers and in Indian countries, do not hold eithor legislation or the conduc of the whites who come most in contact witl the Indians, blameless for these hostilities The past, however, cannot be undone, and th question must bo met as we now find it. I hav attempted a now policy towards those ward of the nation (thoy cannot be regarded in an other light than as wards) with fair results so far aa tried, and which I hope will be at tended ultimately with groat success. Th Society of Friends is well known as bavin euccecded in living in peace with tho Indian in tho early settlement of Pennsylvania, wbil their white neighbors of other sects, in othe sections, were constantly embroiled. The; aro also known for' their opposition to a strife, violence and war, and aro general) noted for their strict integrity and fair dca inga. Tiloso considerations induced mo t give tho manogemcnt of a few reservations i Indians to them, and throw the burden of s< lection of agents upon tho Society itself. Th result has proved most satisfactory. It will b found moro fully set forth in thc report of th Commissioner of Indian Affairs. For supe: intendente and Indian agents not on the ri nervations, officers of the army were aolectei The reasons for this are numerous. Whei Indian agcntH aro sent thero, or nour tber troops must bo sent ?Uno. The agent and tl commander of troops are independent of cac other, and are subject to orders from difierei departments of tho Government. Tho aro officer holds a position for lifo, the agent oi at thc will of the President. The former personally interested in living in harmoi with the indians and in establishing a perm ncnt peace, to tho end that some portion i his life maj' be spent within tho bunin of civi ized society. The latter has no such person interest. Another reaao.i in an economic on and still another, tho hold which tho Gover ment him upon a lifo otlicor to secure a fait! ful discharge of duties in carrying ont a giv< policy. The building of railroads and the a coss thereby given to all tho agricultural at minorai regions of tho country is rapid bringing civilization into contact with all tl ti ibes of Indians. No matter what ought bo thc relations between auch settlements ai the Indiana, thc fact is, they do not harm ni/.e woll, and ono or tho other bas to give w in tho end. A system which looks to tho e tinction of a race in too horrible for a natl to adopt without entailing upon itsolf tl wrath of all Christendom, and engendering the citizens a disregard for human life and t rights of others dangerous to society. I H no substitute for euch a syetcm, except placing all tho ludians on a large reserrati as rapidly as it can be done, and giving tin absolute protection 'hero. AH soon us th aro fitted for it, they should be induced to ta their lands in severally, and to set up Ter torial governments for their own protect ii For lull details on this subject. 1 call your si cud attenlion to the reports of the Secret* of the Inti rior .md the Commissioner of Indi Affairs. l'ho recommendation of the General of t Arni)'that appropiiations be made for I forts at Boston, Now York, Philadelphia, N Orleans ami San Francisco, if for no oilier, concurred in. I call special attention to tho recommem tion of thu Chief of Ordnance for the sale tho arsonalH and lu min no longer of uae to I Government; also, to tho recommendation thu Secretary of War, that tho act prohibit! promotions in the staff corps of the army repealed. Tho extent of country to be gai ?oued, and the number of military posts to ocenpiud, is tho same with a reduced army with a largo one. Tho number ef staff offic required ia more dependent upon tho lat than the former condition. The report of the Secretary of the Navy, companying this, shows the condition of 1 navy when this Administration carno into fleo, and the changes made since. 8trenm efforts have beeu made to placo an many v aela in commission, or render them fit service, if required, aa possible, and to snb tute the sail for ?t*Mti whilst cruising, t! materially reducing the expenses of the ni and adding greatly to ita efficiency. Look to our future, I recommend a libera), thoi not extravagant policy toward thia branch the publio aervice. The report of the Poatmaater-Qenoral I niahea a clear and comprehensivo exhibit the operations of the postal aervice and of financial condition of the Poet Office Depi ment. The ordinary postal re venue s for year ending the 30th of Juno, 1889, nmonn to $10,444,510, ?nd the expenditures to $08, 698,131. Your attention is respectfully caliea to the recommendation made by the Postmas? ter-General for authority to chango the rat?. of componsation to the main trunk railroad lines for their serriees in carrying tho m nile; for having poBt toute maps executed; for re? organizing and increasing theefflciency of tho Bpecinl agency service: ft? rnereas* of the I mail service on the Pacitic; and for establish i ing mail Bervico under tho flag of tho Union on the Atlantio; and most especially do I eall I your attention to his recommendation ior the total abolition of the franking privilege. This ie an abuse from which no one rcceivco a com? mensurate advantage, lt roduoes tho receipt? for postal service from twohty-flve to thirty Eer cent, and largely increases the Berrico io e performed. During tho voar ending tho 30th of Septem? ber, 1869, tho Patent Office issued 13.762 pa? tents, and its rccoipta wero $686,389, being $213,926 moro than the expenditures. I would respectfully call your attention ta tho recommendation of the Secretary of the Iniorior for uniting the duties of supervising the education of freedmen with ! the other dut ion devolving upon the Commissioner ot Education. It ia the desiro of Congress to make the census, which must be taken during the year 1870, moro complets and perfect tb an hereto? fore. I would suggest early action upon any plan that may bo agroed upon, as Congress nt tho last session appointed a committee to take into consideration such measures aa. might be doomed proper in reference to tho census and to report a pisa. I desist from saying more. 1 recommend to your favorable considera? tion the claims of the Agricultural Bureau for liberal contributions. In a country so. diver? sified in climate and soil ss ours, and With a population so largely dependent upon agricul? ture, tho benefits that can be conferred by properly fostering this bureau are incalculable. I desiro respectfully to call the attention of Congress to tho inadequate salaries of a num? ber of the most important officers of tho Gov? ernment. In this message I will not enume? rate them, but will speciry only the Justices of tho Supreme Court. ? No change has been made in their salaries for fifteen years. Within that timo tho labors 'of tho Conrl havo largely increased, and the expenses of living have at least doubled. During the same time, Con f;ross h as twico found it necessary to Increase argoly tho compensation of its own members, I and thc duty which it owes to another depart ! ment of tho* Government deserves, and will undoubtedly receive, due consideration. There aro many subjects not alluded to in this message which might with propriety be introduced, but I abstain, believing that your patriotism and statesmanship will suggest tho topics and the legislation moat coudncivo to the int cresta of the whole people. On my part, I promise a rigid adherence to the lawe ana their strict enforcement. U. 8. GRANT. WASHING TON, December 6, 1869. Special Notices. WHAT IS A TONIC!-Bear this in mind that although a tonio is, to a certain extent, a stimulant-a stimulant, unmodified by any me? dicinal substances, is not a tonic, but A D?BILI? TANT. In HOSTETTEB'S STOMACH BIT? TERS, there io a stimulating elemont of the purest grade, manufactured in this or any other country. Every fiery and corrosive oil or acid which contaminates the ordinary liquors of commerce, is expelled from tho rye spirit which forme the alcoholic basis of the RITTERS, by careful and repoated rectifica? tion. 'I he juices of the valuable roots, barks and herbs, infused iuto this whole?ome pro? duct of tho finest grain, atill further modify itu nature; BO that it becomes, in fact, a simple diffusive agont, minus all the heady and brain exciting properties which belong, more or less, to all liquors in a raw stato Yt is merely the safe and harmless vehicle which renders thc medicinal virtues of the preparation effective-increasing their active power, and diffusing them through the system. Heneo tho pleasant and gentle glow which is exper? ienced after taking a dose of tho BITTERS. Inst "nd of creating headache, as undedicated stimulants aro apt to do, this salubrious tonic i * thc beet known remedy for that complaint. It culms and soothe cerebral excitement, strengthens the nerve?, promotes the eccre lion of the gastric juice, invigorates the bowels, determines tho fluids to tho surfaco. improves tho appetite, increases the anima] vigor, regulates organic action, and, from ila mild yet offectivo alterative qualities, is tin very beat preparation that can be admitiirti r rd to the weaker sex in tho peciliai dittioultit-c to which their organization subjects them. Dee 1 JG TO CONSUMPTIVES.-The advertiser, having been restored to health in ?few weeks, by a very simple remedy, after having nu flore? several years with a severo lung affection, nut that dread disease, Consumption, is anxious U make known to hie fellow-sufi'i roi s thc mcaul of euro. To all who desiro it, bc will send a copy o the prescription used, (freo of charge,) will the directions for preparing and utdng th? same, which they will find a BUBB CCKE FOI CONSI MTTioN, AHTHUA, BRONCHITIS, etc. Th object of tho advertiser in sending tho pro scription is to benefit the afflicted, and sproat Inform?t iou which he conceives to be invnlnu j hie: an 1 bu hopes every sufferer will try hi ' remedy, as it will cost them nothing, find mn j prove s bleating. Parties wishing tho prescript iou, will pu us address Pr.v. EDWARD A. WILSON. Williamsburg, Kings County, New York. I Nov 10 3mo BltRORS OP YOUTH-A gentleman wh suffered for yoars from Nervous Debility, Prt mature Ducay, and all tho effects of yontbft indiscretlon, will, for sake of suffciiug bum. oily, send free tq all who need it, the rt ceipt and direotions for making the eirnpl rcniody by which ho was cured. Sufferei wishing to profit by the advertiser's oxper once, can do so hy addressing, with perfei confidence, JOHN B. OGDEN, I Nov lr? 3mo No. *2JJedar street. New York THE HEALING POOL-ESSAYAS FO YOUNG MEN, who have fallon into vioioi habits, and now desire a higher life, and a be ?er Manhood, with certain means of rolief f tho afflicted. Sent in sealed letter envelope free of charge. Address, HOWARD ASSOC ATION. Box P., Philadelphia. Pa. Sept 25 3n SPECIAL NOTICE.-To parties in want I Doors, Sashes and Blinds, we refer to the a? Ivertisement of P. P. Toals, tholargej? Ifaotnrerof those goods in Gn%x\es^pr lint furnished on application. >^