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..;: s5aa?iD??T?? sassaes.
T?O'4** Siti?is and House of Representatives:
In coming before you for the first time,
ss the Chief ?f agistrato of this grout mi?
tton, iii is with gratitude to the Gi vor of
AU Good for tho many benefits we on
joju. ;,We ?re blessed with peace at home,
r!S?aft entangling alliances abroad tc
forebode trouble. With territory unsur?
passed in fertility, Of area equal to the
support of 500.000.COO of people, abeu lid?
ing in every variety of useful mineral in
quantity sufficient to supply the world
for generations; exuberant crops, variety
of climate, adapted to the production of
every species of earth's riches, suited to
tho habito, tastes and requirements of
ovory living thing. A population of 10, -
000,000 of free people, speaking ono
language; facilities for every mortal to
acquire education; institutions, closing
to none the avenues to fame or any bless?
ing of fortune that may be coveted; free?
dom of pulpit, press and school; roven nc
flowing into the national treasury beyond
the requirements of the Government.
Happily, harmony is being rapidly re?
stored within our own borders; manu?
factures hitherto unknown in our coun?
try, are, springing up in all sections, pro?
ducing a degree of national indepondonco
unequaled by any other power. Those
blessings, and oountless others, aro en?
trusted to your care and mine for safe
keeping for the brief period of our te?
nure of office. In a short time we must,
each of us, return to the ranks of the
people who have conferred our honors
and account to them for our stewardship.
I earnestly desire-that neither you nor I
may be condemned by a free, enlightened
constituency, nor by our own consciences.
Emerging irom a rebellion of gigantic
magnitude-aided aa it was by tue sym?
pathies and assistance of nations with
whioh wo were at peace-eleven States o)
tho Union wore, four years ago, left with?
out legal ?tate governments; a national
debt ha? boen contracted; American com?
merce, was almost driven from tho seas;
the industry of one-half of the country
had been taken from the control of thc
capitalists and placed where all laboi
rightfully belongs, in the keeping of thc
laborer. The work of .restoring the State
governments loyal to the Union, of pro
tooting sod fostering free labor and pro?
viding the means for paying interest on
the pablio debt, has received ample at?
tention from Congress, although youl
efforts have not met with that success ir
all particulars that might have been do
sired; yet, on the whole, they have beer
more successful than could have beet
reasonably anticipated. Seven States
whioh passed the ordinance of accessio r.
have been fully restored to their place:
in the Union. Tba eighth, Georgia, held
an election, at which she ratified hei
constitution, republican in form, electee
a Governor, members of Congress, i
State Legislature, and other officers rc
quired. The Governor was installed ant
the Legislature met and performed ul
acts then required of them by tho reoon
struotion aots of Congress. Subsequently
however, in violation of the constitutioi
which they had just ratified, ns since dc
oided by the Supreme Court of the Slato
they unseated tho colored members ii
the Legislature and admitted to seati
some members who are disqualified b]
the third clause of the fourteenth amend
ment, an article whioh they themselve
had contributed to ratify. Under thea
circumstances, I would submit to yoi
whether it would not be wise, withou
delay, to enact a law authorizing the Go
vernor of Georgia to convene the mern
bers originally elected to the Legislature
requiring eaoh to take the oath prescribe*
by the reconstruction acts, uud none t
be admitted who are ineligible under th
third clause of the fourteenth amend
ment. The freedmen, under protectio
whioh they have- received, are makin;
rapid progress in learning, and no com
plaints are heard of lack of industry o
thelk part, where they receive fair remn
noration for their labor. The means prc
vided for paying the interest on the put
lie debt, with all other expenses of Gc
vornmout, are mora than ample. Th
loss of our commerce is only tho re su
of the late rebellion, whioh has not r<
ceived sufficient attention from you. T
this subject I call your earnest attontior
I will not no w suggest plans by which th
object may be effected, but will, if necei
eery, make it tho subject of a specii
message during the session of Congres:
At the March term, Congress, by joii
resolution, authorized the Executive t
order elections in tho States of Yirginii
Mississippi and Texas, and to submit t
them constitutions which each had pr<
vionsly framed, and submit constitutioi
either entire or in separate parts, to b
voted upon at the discretion of the Ex?
cutive. Under this authority electiot
were called. In Virginia the eleetio
took place on the 6th of July, and tl
Governor and Lieutenant-Governor elec
ed have been installed. The Legislate]
met, did all required by this resolotio
and by all the reconstruction acts <
Congress, and abstained from all doub
ful authority. I recommend that h
Senators and Rorfrfesehtatives be promp
ly admitted to their seats, and that Sta
be folly restored toits place in thefainl
of States.
Elections wore called in Mississippi ai
Texas, to commence November 80-two da
in Mississippi and four in Texas. The eic
tiona havo talion place, but the result is n
known. It is hoped that the Aots of tho L
gielatures of these States, when they me<
will be such as to receive your approval, ai
thus elose the work of reconstruction. Amoi
tho evils growing out of the rebellion, and n
yet referred to, ia that of an irredeemable cur?
rency. It is an evil which I hopo will receive
your moet earnest attontion. It is a duty, and
ono of the highest duties of Government, to
secure to tho citizen a medium of exchange,
of fixed, unvarying value; this implies a ro
I turn to a Boccie basie, and no substituto for it
can bo do vised. It should bo commenced now
and reached at tho earliest practicable mo?
ment consistent with a fuir regard to tho in?
terests of the debtor olaes. Immediate re?
sumption, if practicable, would not be desir?
able. lt would compol tho debtor class to pay
beyond their contracts tho promium in gold at
tho dato of their purchase, and would bring
bankruptcy and ruin to thousands. Flue!na?
tion, however, in paper value of the mensuro
of all vr.lues gold ia detrimental to the inter
cits of trade; it makes thc man of business
an involuntary gambler -for, in all sales
whero futuro payment is to bo made, both
parties speculate aa to what will be tho value
of currency to bo paid and received. I ear?
nestly re com m end to you, thon, such legisla?
tion as will insure a gradual return to specie
payment and put an immediate atop to tho
fluctuation in tho value of currency. The mo
thods to secure tho former of theao results are
numerous with speculators ou political econo?
my. To secure tho latter, I eeo but ono way,
and that ie to authorize the Treasury to re?
deem its own naper at a fixed price whenever
presented, and to withhold from circulation all
currency BO redeemed uulil Bold again for
gold. The vaat resources of tho nation, both
doveloped and undeveloped, ought to raako
our credit tho best on earth. With lesa bur?
den of taxation that tho citizen has endured
for six years past, the entire public debt could
bo paid in ton years, but it ia not desirablo
that thc. people should bo taxed to pay it in
that tune. Year by yoar thc ability to pay in?
creases in rapid ratio, hut the burdon of in?
terest ought to he reduced as rapidly as can
bo without violation of contracts. The public
debt is represented iu groat part by bonds
having from five to twenty, and from ten to
forty years to run, bearing interest at tho rate
of ? and 5 por cent., respectively, lt is op?
tional with tho Government to* pay those
bonds at any period after thc expiration of tho
least timo mentioned upon their face. Tho
timo has already expired when u groat part
may bc taken up, and rapidly approaching
when all may be. It is behoved that all which
aro now duo may bo replaced by bonds bear?
ing a rato of intcroBt not excekdiog -i\ pei
cent., and as rapidly aa tho remainder become
duo that they may bc replaced in the same
way. To accomplteh thia it may be necessary
to autborizo interest to bo paid at either ol
three or four of tho money centres of Europe
or by any Assistant Treasurer of the United
HtateH, at tho option of tho holder of thc
bonds. I suggest this subject for tho conside?
ration of Cougro88, and aleo simultaneous!)
with this tho propriety of redeeming our cur
roney, as bofore suggested, at its market value
at tho timo tho law goes into effect increasing
tho rate at which currency will bo bought anc
sold from day to day, or weok to week, at same
rats of interest as the Government pnys npoi
itsfbonds.
Tho subject of tarin" sud internal laxatioi
will necessarily receive your attention. Th?
revenues of tho country aro greater than iti
requiremouts, and may with safety be re
duced; but as the funding of the debt in a fou
or four and-a-half por cent, loan would rednci
the annual expenses largely, thue, after fund
ing, justifying a greater reduction of taxatioi
thau would be now expedient, I suggest i
postponement of the question until the nex
meeting of Congroas. It may .bc advisable t<
modify taxation in instances where unjust o
burdensome discrimination are made by th
present law, but a general revision of tho law
regulating this subject 1 recommend a post
ponoment for the present. I also unggest ;
renewal of the tax on incomes, but at reduce
rate, say threo per cent., and this tax to ex
pira in threo yeara. With tho funding of th'
national debt, as here suggested, I foci eat
in saying that taxes and revenue from import
may bo reduced safely from $00,000,000 t
$60,000,000 per annum at euee, and may b
still further reduced from to year to year, a
the resources of tho country aro developed.
Tho report of the Secretary of thc Trcaaur
shows tb? receipts of Government for tho tit
cal year ending June 80. lo be $370,013,74'
expenditures, including interests, bonni ic:
Ac, to bo $321,490,507. The catimatos for th
ensuing year are more favorable to the Gi
vernment and will no doubt show a niue
larger decreaeo of thc public debt. Tho ri
coipts in tho Treasury, beyond expenditure)
have exceeded tho amount necessary to plac
to tho credit of tho sinking fund au provide
by law. To lock up thc surplus in tho Troi
miry and withhold it from circulation wool
loud to snob a contraction o? currency as I
cripple trade and uorioutdy affect tho prospi
rity of tho country. Under these circuit
stances the Secretary of tho Trcasurv an
myself hoartily concurred in tho propriety i
usiug all surplus currency in tho Treasury i
tho purchase of Government bonds, thus n
docing tho interest bearing indebtedness <
tho country, and of submitting to Oongrei
tho question of thc disposition to be made i
bonds BO purchased. Monds now held by tl
Treasury amount to $75,000,000, iuclndir
thoso belonging to the sinking lund. I r
commend that the whole bo placed to thc- cr
dit of the sinking fund.
Your attention is respectfully invited to tl
recommendation of tbs Secretary of the Tre
su ry for the er oat ion of an ellice of Com mi
semer of Customs Revenue; for tho incroa
of tho salary of certain classes of official
I and substitution of increased national bai
circulation, to replace outstanding 3 per cen
certificates, and most especially to his rccot
inundation for thc repeal of laws allowii
shares of fines, penalties, forfeitures, Ac,,
officors of Government or to informers. Tl
office of Commissionor of lntorn41 I te venue
oue of tho most arduous and resoonsiblou
der tho Government. It falls li*.'.lo short ot
Cabinet position in its importuner and reapo
sibilitieH. I would ask for it, therefore, SUI
legislation as, in yoar judgment, will placo t
ofiico upon a footing of dignity coinmcnsuta
with itu importance), and with tho charact
and qualifications or a ela of men requir
to lill it properly.
AH the United States is the freest of all ii
tiona, so too its people sympathize with
peoples struggling for liberty and self-govci
ment; but while BO sympathizing, it is duo
our honor that we simula abstain from enfoi
ing our vicwa upon unwilling nations, a
from taking an interested part without- invit
tion in quarrels between different nations
between governments and their subjects. 0
courso should always bo iu conformity wi
strict justice and law. in international a
local law. Suoh has been the policy of t
administration in dealing with questions. I
moro than a year, a valuable provinco
Spain, and ? near neighbor of ours, in wh<
iii ~~ poople cannot but feel deep in lum
has hean struggling for independence a
freedom., The people and Government of t
Unltod Btatesentcrtain tho same warm fcolii
and symjiaehiirt for* the poople of Cuba In th
pending struggle that they manifest
throughout ia previous struggles betwe
Spain and her former colonies in behalf
the latter. Bot the contest has at no ti
assumed conditions which amount to war
the sense of international law, or which wot
ahow the existence of A de facto political or- j
ganization of inaorgenta ?officient to justify a
recognition of belligerency. Tho principio ia
maintained, however, that this nation ie ita
own judge when to accord rights of belli?
gerency either to a people struggling to free
thomaelvqa from a Government they believo to
be oppressive, or to independent nations at war
with each other. Tho Lnited States have no
disposition to interfere with existing relations
of Spain to her colonial possessions on this
continent. They believe that in doe timo
Spain and other European powers will find
their interest in terminating tho.-o relations
and establishing their prosent dependencies aa
independent powers. These dependencies aro
no longer regarded as subject to transfer from
one European power bi another. When thc
present relation of colonies cea6o, they aro to
become independent powers, exercising right
of choice and of self-control fn dotormiuing
their future conditions and relations with
other powers. Tho United States, in order to
put a stop to bloodshed in Cuba, and in tho
interest of the neighboring people, proposed
its good offices to bring tho existing contest to
a termination. Tho offer not being accepted
by Spain on thc basis which we believed could
be received by Cuba, was withdrawn. It it
hoped tho good offices of tho United States
may yet provo advantageous for a settlement
of this unhappy strife. Meanwhile a numbei
of illegal expeditions against Cuba have beer
broken up. lt has been the endeavor of thc
administration to executo tho neutrality laws
no matter how unpleasant tho task, made sc
by tho suffering we have ondured from a lad
of liko good faith towards us bv other nations
On the 26th of March laet, the United Kt at ci
schooner Lizzie Major waa arreetod on th<
high BOSS by a Spanish frigate, and two pas
seagers taken and carried prisoners to Cuba
Representations of thcao facts wore made ti
tho Spanish Government aa soon as officia
information reached Washington; tho two pas
sengcrs wero sot at liberty, and tho Spaniel
Government assured the United States tba
tho Captain ot tho frigate, in making tho cap
turc, had acted without law; that ho ha
been reprimanded, and that tho Spanish au
thoritics in Cnb.i would not sanction any ac
that could violate rights, or treat with disrc
spect tho sovereignty of this nation.
Tho question of thc seizure ot the brig Mar
Lowell, at Bahama, by the Spanish authoi
itioa, is now tho subject ot corrospondenco bc
tween this Government, Spain and Uren
Britain.
The Captain Gencrai of Cuba, about Ma
last, issued a proclamation, authorizing tb
search of vessels on tho high seas, linnie
diato remonstrance was made against thu
whereupon thc Captain General issued a no
proclamation, limiting the search to vessels e.
the United States, authorized under the treat
of 1795. Thia proclamation, howover, was in
mediately withdrawn.
I have always thought that moat intimal
relations should bo cultivated between th
United States and independent nations on th
Continent. It may bo well worth conaidoric
whether new treatios botweon the Unite
States and them may not be profitably entere
into to secure moro intimate relations, friendl
commercial and otherwise.
An intcr-ocoanic canal, to connect tho A
lantic and l'acitio ocoana through the Isthmi
of Darien, is ono in which commerce is great
intoreatod. Instructions havo been given
our Mipistor to thc United Statea of Colomb
to endeavor to obtaiu authority for a aurvi
to determine tho practicability of tho undi
taking.
In order to comply with thc agreement wi
thc United States as to a mixed commission
Lima for the adjustment of claims, it beear
necessary to send a Commissioner and Sect
tary to Lima.
Tho good offices of the United States
bring about pcaco between Spain and Sou
American Republics having been accoptcd
Spain, Peru and Chili, a Congress baa been i
vitcd to bo hold in Washington during thc pi
sent winter.
A graut his been given to Europeans of ;
exclusivo right of transit over the Territory
Nicaranga, to which Costa Rica baa given
consent, which, it is alleged, conflicts with t
vented rights of citizens of tho United Stab
Thc Department of State baa now this subj?
under consideration.
Tho Minister of Peru having made rep
sontations that there waa a state of war 1
tween Peru and Spain, and that tho Gove:
meut of Spain wis {constructing in and nc
New York thirty gun-boats, which might
used by Spain to relievo her naval forco
Cuba to operate against Porn, orders we
given to prevent their departuro. No fnrtl
stops havo boen talton by tile representative
tho Peruvian Govt rnmo it to provent tho i
parturo of these . easels, and I, not fccli
authorized to detain tho propel ty of a nat
with which wo aro at pcaco, em mero Exe
tivo order, the matter has been refeircd to 1
Coarte.
The conduct of the war botweon the All
and the Republic of Paraguay has made int
course with that country difficult, and it 1
been deemed advisable to withdraw our rep
soutativu from thore.
Towards tho close of tho laat adminiat
tion, a convention waa signed at London
the settletnont of tho outstanding claims
tweon Great Britain and the United Stal
which failed to receive tho advice and cons
of tho Senate. Timo and circumstances
tending the negotiation of that treaty w
unfavorable to its accept anco by the pe-opl
the Uuitod States, and its provisions w
wholly inadequate for a settlement of
grave wrongs sustained by thia Ge>vernm
in the injurioa resulting to tho United Ste
by roason of the course adopted by Gi
Britain during tho war-in increased rate
insurance-; in diminution of exports and
ports, and other obstructions to domestic
dmtry and production; in ita effoct upon
foreign commerce el tho couutry; in tho
crease and transfer to Great Britain of
commercial marine; in prolongation ot
and inci eased cost, both in treasure aili
lives, for its auppresaion-could not be
justed and satialied aa ordinary commer
claims, which cemtinually ariso between c
merci al nations, and yet the convention tree
thom simply SB such ordinary claims, f
which thoy differ moro widely in tho gravit
their character than in tho magnitude of t
amount. Groat evon as ia that difference,
a word waa found in the troaty, and not ai
foronco could bo drawn from lt, to remove
sonso of unfriendliness of the course of O
Britain in our strugglo for existence, wi
had so deeply and universally impressed ii
upon the people of this country. Belie'
that a convention, tims misconceive;! ii
scope and inadequate in its provisions, w
not have produced tho hearty, cordial so
ment of pending questions, which alon
consistent with tue relations I desire to 1
firmly established between the United St
and Groat Britain, I regarded the action o:
Senate, in rejecting the treaty, to have ?
wisely taken in the interest of peace, and
necessary stop in the direction of a pei
and cordial friendship between the two o
tries. Sensitive people, conscious of 1
power, are moro at ease under a great w
wholly unatoned than under the restraint
eottlomont whioh satisfies neither their i
of justice nor their grave senee of the |
vance they have enetained. The reject!'
the treaty ?rae fellowed by a state of publie
feeling, on both aides, whioh I thought not
favorable to an immediate attempt at renewed
negotiations. I accordingly so instructed the
Minister of the United States to Oreat Britain
and formd that mv viowe, in this regard, were
j shared by Ber Majesty's Ministers. I hope
: that thc time may soon arrivo when the two
I Governments oan approach tho solution of
j this momentous question with an appreciation
of what is dne to therights, dignity and honor
j of each, and with determination not only to
j removo tho causas ot complaint in the patt,
but to lay the foundation of a broad principio
I of public law which will tend to llrm and con
? tinucd peace and friendship. This is now the
! only gravo question which the United States
; hau with any foreign nation.
Tho question of renewing tho treaty for re?
ciprocal trado between tho United States and
1 British Provinces on this continent ha? boen
I favorably considered. In conformity with
recommendation to Congress, a proposition to
abolish mixed courts for thc suppression of
the slave trado ?3 under negotiation.
It having como to my knowledgo that a cor?
porate company, organized under British
taws, proposed to land upon tho shores of tho
United States and to op?ralo there a subma?
rino cabio, under a concession from tho Empe?
ror of tho French, of an oxclnsive right for
twenty yearn of telegraphic communication
between the shores ol Franco and the United
states, with the very objcctionablo feature of
subjecting all messages conveyed thereby to
tho scrutiny and control of tho French Go?
vernment, I caused tho French and British
Legations at Washington to be made acquaint?
ed with tho probable policy of Congross on
this subject, as foreshadowed by tho bill which
passed tho Senate in March last. This drew
from tho representatives of tho company an
agreement to accept, as tho basis of their ope?
rations, the provisions of tho bill, or such other
enact meut on tho subject as might bo passed
during the approaching session of Congress;
also to nso their influence to secure from tho
French Government a modification of thoir
concession to permit tho landing of any cable
belonging to any company incorporated by au?
thority of the United States or any State in
j tho Union, and on their part not to oppose the
j establishment of any auch oablo. In couside
I ration of thia agreement, I directod tho with?
drawal of all opposition by the United States
I to landing the cable until tho mocting of Con
! gress. I regret to say that there has boon no
j modification made ia thc company's conces?
sion, nor so far as I can learn, have they at?
tempted to secure one. This concession ex?
cludes capital and citizons of tho United
States from competition upon thc shores ot
France. I recommend legislation to protect
tho lights of the citizens of tho United States
aud the sovereignty of tho nation agu i n st H ucl]
? assumption. I shall also endeavor to secure,
by negotiation, an abandonment of tho prin?
ciple of monopolios in ocean telegraphic ca?
bles. Tho unsettled political condition o!
other countries loss fortunate than our own
sometimes induces their citizens to come tc
thc United States for tho sole purpose of bo
coming naturalized. Having secured this
they return to their native country and reside
thero. Without disclosing their change o
allegiance, they accept official positions ol
trust or honor which can only bo held by citi
' zens of their native lands; they journey undei
passports designating them [as such citizons
and it is only when civil discord, after perhapi
' years of quiet, threaten* their persone or thei
j property, or when their native St ato draft
I them into its military service, that thei
? chango of allegiance ia known. They resid?
I permanently away from the United States
I contributo nothing lo ita revenues, avoid tb
I duties of citizenship, and only make them
? selves known by a claim of protection. I hav
? directod tho Diplomatic and Consular officer
! to scrutinize carefully all such claims of pro
! tection. Thc citizen of tho United States
j whether nativo or adopted, who discharges hi
I duty to his country, is entitled to its complet
I protection. Whiio I have a voice in the direc
lion of alf lira, I shall not consent to imper:
thc sacred tight by conferring it upon fie tit iou
or fraudulent claimants.
Invitations have been extended to thc Cabi
nets of London, Paris, Florence, Berlin, Brut
eels, tho Hague, Copenhagen and Stockholm
to empower their representatives at Washing
ton to simultaneously enter into negotiation
and coucludo with tho United States convoi
tions identical in form, making uniform regt
lati?os as to the construction of parts of vet
eels to bo devoted to the use of emigrar
passengers, aa to thc quality and quantity <
food, as to tho medical treatment of tho sic
and to thn mles to be observed during th
voyage, in order to secute ventilation, to pr<
moto health, to prevent intrusion aud to pri
teet thc females, and providing for thc estai
lishuicnt of tribunals in tho several countrii
for enforcing each regulations by auinmai
process.
Your attention is respectfully called to tl
law regulating tho tariff on it uss i an hem]
and to the question whether to lix theuhargi
on Russian hemp higher than they are tixe
upon Manilla. Ia it not a violation of 01
treaty with Russia, placing her products upc
tho samo footing with those of tho most favor?
nations?
Our manufactures are increasing with wo
derful rapidity under tho encouragome:
which they now re?oive. With tho improv
ment s in machinery already effected and st
increasing, causing machinery to take tl
placo of skillful labor to a large extent, o
importa of many articles mnat fall off large
within a few years. Fortunately, too. mau
facturcrB arc not confined to a few localitic
as formerly, and it is to bo hoped will bscor
more and moro diffused, making thc intcrc
in them rqnal in all sections. Thoy give ei
ploy oient and support to hundreds of tho
sands of people at home, and retain with
the means which otherwise would bu shlpp
abroad.
The extension of the railroads in Europe a
tho East is bringing into competition with o
agricultural producers Uko producta of otli
countries. Self-interest, if not sclf-prcacn
lion, therefore, dictates caution against d
turning any industrial interest of tho counti
It teaches us, also, the necessity of looking
other markets for tho salo of our surpli
Our neighbors South of us, and China a
Japan, should recoivo our special attention,
will be the endeavor of tho administration
cultivate such relations with all theso uatic
as to ontitle us to their confidence, and ma
it their interest, as well aa ours, to establi
better commercial relations.
Through the agency of a more enlighter
polioy than that heretofore pursued towai
China, largely due to the sagacity and eil
of one of our own distinguished citizons, I
world ia about to commonco largely morea?
relations with that populous and hitherto <
elusivo nation. As the United States hi
been tha initiatory nation in this PAW poli
so they should be thenoet earnest in show!
their good faith in making it a success,
thia oonneotion, I advise auoh legielation
will forever preclude the enslavement of I
Chineae upon our soil under the name
coolies, and ?Ino prevont American vest
from engagiUg ia tne transportation of coo!
to any country tolerating the system. I a
recommend that the mission to China be rab
to ono of the drat class.
On my assuming the responsible duties
Cbief Magistrate of the United Htotos, it wes
with the conviction that three things were
essential to Ks peace, prosperity and fallest
development: First among these is strict in?
tegrity in fulfilling all our obligations. Second,
to secure protection to the person and pro?
perty of tho citizen of tho United State? in
each and overv portion of our common coun?
try, wherever ho may choose to move, without
refvrenco to original nationality, religion,
color, or politics, demanding of him only obe?
dience to tho laws and proper respect for tho
rights of others. Third, a union of all the
States with eoual rights, indestructible by any
constitutional means. To secure tbo first of
these, Congress baa taken two oesentiol stops:
First, in declaring, by joint resolution, that,
the public dobt shall 'bo paid, principal and
interest, in coin; and, second, by providing
the moans for paying. Providing the mesas,
howovor, could not secure tho object desired
without a proper administration of tho laws
for the collection of the revenues and an eco?
nomical disbursement of them. To this sub?
ject the administration has most earnestly
addressed itself with results, I hopo, satisfac?
tory to the country. Thero has been no hesi?
tation in changing officials in order to seenro
an efficient execution of the laws; sometimes,
too, where, in a mero party viow, undesirable
Eolitical results were likely to follow; nor any
eeitation in sustaining efficient officials
against remonstrances wholly political.
It may bo well to mention boro tho embar?
rassment possible to ariso from loavimg on the
statute books tho so-called tonure-of-ofilce
Acts, and to earnestly recommend their total
repeal. It could not havo boon the intention
of the framers of tho Constitution when pro?
viding that appointments made by the Presi?
dent should receivo the consent of the Senate
that the latter should have the power to re?
tain in office persons placed there by Fedora
appointments against tho will of tho Pre si
dont. The law is inconsistent with a faithfu
and efficient administration of tho Govern?
ment. What faith can an Executive put ii
officials forced upon him, and those, too, whon
he has suspended for reason? How wi li sucl
officials be likoly to aeivc an administrate
which they know does not trust them?
For thu second requisite to our growth am
prosperity, timo and a firm but humane adtni
nistration of existing laws, amended fron
timo to time, as they may bo ineffective o
prove harsh and unnecessary, are probably al
that ara required. The third cannot bo at
tained by special legislation, but mast be re
gurded au fixed by tho Constitution itself, ant
gradually acquioscod in by force of public opi
nion from the foundation of the Govcrnmon
to the present.
The management of thc original inhabitant
of thia continent, tho Indi&ns, has beena snb
?oct of embarrassment and expenso, and ha
been attended with continuous robberies
murders and wars. From mv own experienc
upon the frontiers and in Indian countries,
do not hold eithor legislation or the conduc
of the whites who come most in contact witl
the Indians, blameless for these hostilities
The past, however, cannot be undone, and th
question must bo met as we now find it. I hav
attempted a now policy towards those ward
of the nation (thoy cannot be regarded in an
other light than as wards) with fair results
so far aa tried, and which I hope will be at
tended ultimately with groat success. Th
Society of Friends is well known as bavin
euccecded in living in peace with tho Indian
in tho early settlement of Pennsylvania, wbil
their white neighbors of other sects, in othe
sections, were constantly embroiled. The;
aro also known for' their opposition to a
strife, violence and war, and aro general)
noted for their strict integrity and fair dca
inga. Tiloso considerations induced mo t
give tho manogemcnt of a few reservations i
Indians to them, and throw the burden of s<
lection of agents upon tho Society itself. Th
result has proved most satisfactory. It will b
found moro fully set forth in thc report of th
Commissioner of Indian Affairs. For supe:
intendente and Indian agents not on the ri
nervations, officers of the army were aolectei
The reasons for this are numerous. Whei
Indian agcntH aro sent thero, or nour tber
troops must bo sent ?Uno. The agent and tl
commander of troops are independent of cac
other, and are subject to orders from difierei
departments of tho Government. Tho aro
officer holds a position for lifo, the agent oi
at thc will of the President. The former
personally interested in living in harmoi
with the indians and in establishing a perm
ncnt peace, to tho end that some portion i
his life maj' be spent within tho bunin of civi
ized society. The latter has no such person
interest. Another reaao.i in an economic on
and still another, tho hold which tho Gover
ment him upon a lifo otlicor to secure a fait!
ful discharge of duties in carrying ont a giv<
policy. The building of railroads and the a
coss thereby given to all tho agricultural at
minorai regions of tho country is rapid
bringing civilization into contact with all tl
ti ibes of Indians. No matter what ought
bo thc relations between auch settlements ai
the Indiana, thc fact is, they do not harm
ni/.e woll, and ono or tho other bas to give w
in tho end. A system which looks to tho e
tinction of a race in too horrible for a natl
to adopt without entailing upon itsolf tl
wrath of all Christendom, and engendering
the citizens a disregard for human life and t
rights of others dangerous to society. I H
no substitute for euch a syetcm, except
placing all tho ludians on a large reserrati
as rapidly as it can be done, and giving tin
absolute protection 'hero. AH soon us th
aro fitted for it, they should be induced to ta
their lands in severally, and to set up Ter
torial governments for their own protect ii
For lull details on this subject. 1 call your si
cud attenlion to the reports of the Secret*
of the Inti rior .md the Commissioner of Indi
Affairs.
l'ho recommendation of the General of t
Arni)'that appropiiations be made for I
forts at Boston, Now York, Philadelphia, N
Orleans ami San Francisco, if for no oilier,
concurred in.
I call special attention to tho recommem
tion of thu Chief of Ordnance for the sale
tho arsonalH and lu min no longer of uae to I
Government; also, to tho recommendation
thu Secretary of War, that tho act prohibit!
promotions in the staff corps of the army
repealed. Tho extent of country to be gai
?oued, and the number of military posts to
ocenpiud, is tho same with a reduced army
with a largo one. Tho number ef staff offic
required ia more dependent upon tho lat
than the former condition.
The report of the Secretary of the Navy,
companying this, shows the condition of 1
navy when this Administration carno into
fleo, and the changes made since. 8trenm
efforts have beeu made to placo an many v
aela in commission, or render them fit
service, if required, aa possible, and to snb
tute the sail for ?t*Mti whilst cruising, t!
materially reducing the expenses of the ni
and adding greatly to ita efficiency. Look
to our future, I recommend a libera), thoi
not extravagant policy toward thia branch
the publio aervice.
The report of the Poatmaater-Qenoral I
niahea a clear and comprehensivo exhibit
the operations of the postal aervice and of
financial condition of the Poet Office Depi
ment. The ordinary postal re venue s for
year ending the 30th of Juno, 1889, nmonn
to $10,444,510, ?nd the expenditures to $08,
698,131. Your attention is respectfully caliea
to the recommendation made by the Postmas?
ter-General for authority to chango the rat?.
of componsation to the main trunk railroad
lines for their serriees in carrying tho m nile;
for having poBt toute maps executed; for re?
organizing and increasing theefflciency of tho
Bpecinl agency service: ft? rnereas* of the
I mail service on the Pacitic; and for establish
i ing mail Bervico under tho flag of tho Union
on the Atlantio; and most especially do I eall
I your attention to his recommendation ior the
total abolition of the franking privilege. This
ie an abuse from which no one rcceivco a com?
mensurate advantage, lt roduoes tho receipt?
for postal service from twohty-flve to thirty
Eer cent, and largely increases the Berrico io
e performed.
During tho voar ending tho 30th of Septem?
ber, 1869, tho Patent Office issued 13.762 pa?
tents, and its rccoipta wero $686,389, being
$213,926 moro than the expenditures.
I would respectfully call your attention ta
tho recommendation of the Secretary of the
Iniorior for uniting the duties of supervising
the education of freedmen with ! the other
dut ion devolving upon the Commissioner ot
Education.
It ia the desiro of Congress to make the
census, which must be taken during the year
1870, moro complets and perfect tb an hereto?
fore. I would suggest early action upon any
plan that may bo agroed upon, as Congress
nt tho last session appointed a committee to
take into consideration such measures aa.
might be doomed proper in reference to tho
census and to report a pisa. I desist from
saying more.
1 recommend to your favorable considera?
tion the claims of the Agricultural Bureau for
liberal contributions. In a country so. diver?
sified in climate and soil ss ours, and With a
population so largely dependent upon agricul?
ture, tho benefits that can be conferred by
properly fostering this bureau are incalculable.
I desiro respectfully to call the attention of
Congress to tho inadequate salaries of a num?
ber of the most important officers of tho Gov?
ernment. In this message I will not enume?
rate them, but will speciry only the Justices of
tho Supreme Court. ? No change has been
made in their salaries for fifteen years. Within
that timo tho labors 'of tho Conrl havo largely
increased, and the expenses of living have at
least doubled. During the same time, Con
f;ross h as twico found it necessary to Increase
argoly tho compensation of its own members,
I and thc duty which it owes to another depart
! ment of tho* Government deserves, and will
undoubtedly receive, due consideration.
There aro many subjects not alluded to in
this message which might with propriety be
introduced, but I abstain, believing that your
patriotism and statesmanship will suggest tho
topics and the legislation moat coudncivo to
the int cresta of the whole people. On my part,
I promise a rigid adherence to the lawe ana
their strict enforcement. U. 8. GRANT.
WASHING TON, December 6, 1869.
Special Notices.
WHAT IS A TONIC!-Bear this in mind
that although a tonio is, to a certain extent, a
stimulant-a stimulant, unmodified by any me?
dicinal substances, is not a tonic, but A D?BILI?
TANT. In HOSTETTEB'S STOMACH BIT?
TERS, there io a stimulating elemont of the
purest grade, manufactured in this or any
other country. Every fiery and corrosive oil
or acid which contaminates the ordinary
liquors of commerce, is expelled from tho rye
spirit which forme the alcoholic basis of the
RITTERS, by careful and repoated rectifica?
tion. 'I he juices of the valuable roots, barks
and herbs, infused iuto this whole?ome pro?
duct of tho finest grain, atill further modify itu
nature; BO that it becomes, in fact, a simple
diffusive agont, minus all the heady and brain
exciting properties which belong, more or
less, to all liquors in a raw stato Yt is merely
the safe and harmless vehicle which renders
thc medicinal virtues of the preparation
effective-increasing their active power, and
diffusing them through the system. Heneo
tho pleasant and gentle glow which is exper?
ienced after taking a dose of tho BITTERS.
Inst "nd of creating headache, as undedicated
stimulants aro apt to do, this salubrious tonic
i * thc beet known remedy for that complaint.
It culms and soothe cerebral excitement,
strengthens the nerve?, promotes the eccre
lion of the gastric juice, invigorates the
bowels, determines tho fluids to tho surfaco.
improves tho appetite, increases the anima]
vigor, regulates organic action, and, from ila
mild yet offectivo alterative qualities, is tin
very beat preparation that can be admitiirti r
rd to the weaker sex in tho peciliai dittioultit-c
to which their organization subjects them.
Dee 1 JG
TO CONSUMPTIVES.-The advertiser,
having been restored to health in ?few weeks,
by a very simple remedy, after having nu flore?
several years with a severo lung affection, nut
that dread disease, Consumption, is anxious U
make known to hie fellow-sufi'i roi s thc mcaul
of euro.
To all who desiro it, bc will send a copy o
the prescription used, (freo of charge,) will
the directions for preparing and utdng th?
same, which they will find a BUBB CCKE FOI
CONSI MTTioN, AHTHUA, BRONCHITIS, etc. Th
object of tho advertiser in sending tho pro
scription is to benefit the afflicted, and sproat
Inform?t iou which he conceives to be invnlnu
j hie: an 1 bu hopes every sufferer will try hi
' remedy, as it will cost them nothing, find mn
j prove s bleating.
Parties wishing tho prescript iou, will pu us
address Pr.v. EDWARD A. WILSON.
Williamsburg, Kings County, New York.
I Nov 10 3mo
BltRORS OP YOUTH-A gentleman wh
suffered for yoars from Nervous Debility, Prt
mature Ducay, and all tho effects of yontbft
indiscretlon, will, for sake of suffciiug bum.
oily, send free tq all who need it, the rt
ceipt and direotions for making the eirnpl
rcniody by which ho was cured. Sufferei
wishing to profit by the advertiser's oxper
once, can do so hy addressing, with perfei
confidence, JOHN B. OGDEN,
I Nov lr? 3mo No. *2JJedar street. New York
THE HEALING POOL-ESSAYAS FO
YOUNG MEN, who have fallon into vioioi
habits, and now desire a higher life, and a be
?er Manhood, with certain means of rolief f
tho afflicted. Sent in sealed letter envelope
free of charge. Address, HOWARD ASSOC
ATION. Box P., Philadelphia. Pa. Sept 25 3n
SPECIAL NOTICE.-To parties in want
I Doors, Sashes and Blinds, we refer to the a?
Ivertisement of P. P. Toals, tholargej?
Ifaotnrerof those goods in Gn%x\es^pr
lint furnished on application. >^