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COLUMBIA. Tuesday Morning, February 18,1868 Immigration nnd Karmins. At this time it is rather difficult to impress upou the public? mind a full appreciation of the great changes that .will have to be made in our do? mestic and agricultural economy to meet the new state of things brought upon us; nnd it is, furthermore, not now within the power of the farming community to enter upon these changes with much energy, or to a great extent. Money is wanted to make these changes suddenly, and this our people have not got. "We must rest contented, therefore, with such gradual adaptation of tillage and economy to the new era as an indus? trious and sagacious people can ac? complish nuder the difficulties which beset them. It is prudent, neverthe? less, that tho subject should be well -considered by tho farmer, and that he should, as rapidly as possible, ?conform to the practices and usages which, under a system of fro? labor, -eau alone assure profitable farming. Every sensible man now admits the importance of diminishing the area of land cultivated, as the true way to use free labor, and to so improve the laud as to make it pay for the labor. To this policy must be united a gene? ral system of economy and saving the bringing of all t^e offices, the "barns, granaries, shelters, stables, .farming implements, kc, as near aud convenient to the dwelling as possi? ble for protection, supervision, con .veuience and labor-saving. The farmer, too, mast study the habits of the white laborer-his wants, and also his wishes, sufficiently far to promote his contentment;. for you -cannot keep laborers who are discon? tented-neither white nor black. The matter of feeding hands is especially x)ne of great consequence. Although the negro hos always had an abun? dance, it must bo remembered that the white immigrant wants a differ? ent sort of food. He cannot at first eat corn bread, and we must learn to give him his dark flour bread, and accustom bim as we may to the food usual in this country. But a proper system of tillage and a proper under? standing of the sort of food that suits them, will soon enable tho farmer to feed them at less cost than the negro. We all know that our old Bystem was lavish nnd extravagant. Tho new will be far more economical. Then the matter of serving the meals to labor? ers will become one of tho most im? portant of all. Tho Richmond Dis patch suggests that on large farms, for white men, there should be a common table, if tho farmer finds them. Riions will not do save for those having families and living apart from tho others. Well seated at a table, properly provided, the order will bo good, and the eating reason? able in proportion as order and de? corum aro preserved by liberal and wiso regulations. Small farmers must bring themselves to allowing thc white laborer to sit at their own tables. It is the cheapest and least laborious mode; any other is wasteful -of means and time. Tho fumier must eat with his men, and como and go with them. Lodgings should bo com? fortable and convenient to the main dwelling. Every man must concen? trate his force, and save time by shortening all distances and expedit? ing all sorts of operations. With all this, the farmer must get rid of all useless auimals and things. Broken plows, parts of vehicles, old trump? ery of all sortH, aro demoralizing; they are cancers that disease tho per? fect things; or, rather, they aro nuclei for the accumulation of nuisances, and aro evor inviting destruction. Get rid of all animals not absolutely necessary. Feed what you havo well; harness your horses well ; work them humanely; keep vehicles and imple? ments in order, and thrift must fol? low. Such farming, such economy, will suit immigrants, and will in one f?ai jiuuji tun time noe want for labor. _ _? Drunkenness is said to prevail to an alarming extent among our na? tional legislators. The temperance movement last winter, led off by Wilson and Colfax, has fallen en? tirely through, and the liveliest in? stances of relapse may be seen any day upon tho floor. In fact, the thirst for fire-water has so thoroughly imbued Congress, that ex-Gov. Ford, one of the few who has stood man? fully up to the pledge, proposed the other day to Congress to make an appropriation of $25,000, or what? ever sum might bo necessary, to? wards fitting up an inebriate asylum in Washington for Government drunkards. This may account in a measure for some of the extraordi? nary bills passed by Congress lately -bills cruelly sharp on tho South, because so well whetted. A corres? pondent of the New York Times, writing from Washington, says pro? positions involving millions of dollars to the Government have ofteu beeu settled in the Senate by a majority of one, aud moro thau once he has seeu that majority of one ushered iu from the restaurant in such a couditiou of limbs and brain that ho could not have told next morning how he voted, or what he voted upou. A Westeru radical paper says that when thc re? construction bill was under debate in the Senate Borne days ago, "Mr. Sprague attempted some remarks iu the interest of his constituents, but became discouraged, and was assisted from the hall by a sympathizing Sanator." VERY TRUE.-A day or two since, in the the Senate, Mr. Davis, of Kentucky, said: Loyalty, in his opinion, consisted iu a willing obe? dience to the Constitution, aud he believed the chastened and suffering people of the South to bo tho most loyal portion of the people of tho United States. Without intending to wound the feelings of auy man, he said the most disloyal peoplo in thc United States were the radicals and their leaders. Mr. Seward has been publishing the names of thoso who served aa secret diplomatic agents for the United States in foreign countries since 1861. Among the names fur? nished for publication are thoso ol Bishop McDvaine, Thurlow Weed, Gen. Garibaldi, Gen. Schofield and Geu. Sickles, and the countries visit ed by all the agents were Canada, Great Britain, Franco, Prussia, Italy Rome, Holland, Belgium, Greece, Egypt, Turkey, Colombia, the Saud wich Islands, Syria and the Wes) Indies. Mr. Seward thinks "thc na tional lifo might have been lost bul for their services." DEATH OF CONDUCTOR VERDERY. Wo regret to announce, says th< Savannah Advertiser, that tho iu juries received by Mr. John P Verdery, three weeks since, ternii nated fatally Friday morning. Aftei tho amputation of his feet, hescemec for a time to bo getting aloug favor? ably, but subsequently tho wounds sloughed, and gangreuo and mortifi cation sot iu. On Sunday night, h< I was seized with lock-jaw, aud gradu ally suuk. The New York Herald is showing from good authority, bow tho ne groes in llayti are returning to tin fetich worship of their barbarian an I ou?iors and kindred in Africa. Il also noticos tho fact that Presiden Salnave, of Hayti, who it must bt presumed is ono of the most intel lectual aud civilized mon of bis raco has been excommunicated by tin Christian Church for fetichism. SINGULAR ACCIDENT.-As Tuesday night's express train on tho Hudsoi River Railroad was passiug througl the Highlands, au avalanche, whiel had beeu detached from a cliff over hoad, descended upon two of tho pas seugor cars, crushing roofs and cans iug panic among tho passengers two of whom were seriously injured The ?lev o nu true Hon Convention. Speaking of this body, the Charles? ton Neics says: The debate Saturday developed tho iii?L Hm I ibo i reed man ia determined to have land. If he cannot get it by purchase with the public funds, ho will secure it by a ey s tem of taxation so onerous, that every unplanted acrq must be sold by the sheriff. A war of words ocourred between Leslie, Langley, Cardoza and others, iu which personalities were freely gassed. Personality, gross iuuendoes, itter prejudices, old memories, hate? ful reminiscences followed in quick succession, and the chair was repeat? edly- obliged to call the member.-: to order for transgressing tho rules of decent debate. Pillsbury likened him to tho world, tho flesh and the devil, especially the laut named horned monster. L. S. Langley said if the delegate from Barnwell, who had intruded so much on the courtesy of the Conven? tion, could not keep his seat, ho ought to be gagged. The chair rapped the belligerent member from Beaufort to order, and reminded him that langnage of that sort must not be uttered upon tho floor. Mr. Leslie saggested to the delegute that he had better attempt to per? form that interesting ceremony out of doors. R. B. Elliott, (colored,) from Charleston, (but representing Edge field,) described Mr. Leslie us being non compos mentis-said thnt "he must bo a lunatic, not to use n stronger word." Tho chair called the speaker to order. Elliot said he was sorry parliamen? tary rules did not permit him to re? tort as strongly as he desired. Ho proceeded thereupon to discuss Mr. Leslie in tho capacity of an agent to distributo corn for the poor. Whipper called him to order foi assailing the private character of the gentleman. The chair sustained thc point made. Langley rose to a point of order, and alleged that Mr. Leslie had re? marked he would not believe a cer? tain member of the Convention undei oath. Whipper replied that tho remar! was made in private conversation was not in tho purview of debate and had been simply overheard bj Laugley. The chair stated he had nothing tc do with matters not publicly dis cussed. Cardoza (colored) said he was ver sorry so much personality had be como mixed up in debate. It re minded him of the old proverb tba "it takes a rogue to catch a rogue.' Ho thereupon proceeded to call th member from Barnwell "a cast-ol politician;" expressed his surprise a tho "treachery" of the delegate fron Beaufort, (W. J. Whipper.) The bone of contention, waa a re solution offered by a colored mern ber, requesting Congress to make loan to thc State of 81,000,000, fo tho purpose of purchasing lands. Leslie said the real question befor the house involved in the presenta tion of the petition was not simpl whether Congress could, would o should advance tho loan of a $1,000, 000; but how far tho Rep?blica porty of South Carolina would tole rate demngoguism, and how mac political capital was to bo made ot of a petition which the world know would never afford one dollar of rt lief. Tho whole speech of the deb gate from Charleston, yesterday, wo un appeal to tho passions of th colored people. Ho showed thei the probability of obtaining lane told them they were entitled to i that it was but justico they shoul have it, and appealed not to the Coi I vention, but to tho audience of li teners without .its bar, for which li received tho award of their applaus? Political effect was evidently the onl object in his view, political effect hn bceu secured and the good of tl: colored people were at stake. R. H. Cain said the gentleman hu no right to imputo his motives. Leslio said that tho question was purely political one, and politic motives wero at tho bottom of i Political motives, however, were ni necessarily dishonest. But tho woro certain practicable and imprn ticable questions involved in politic Practicable questions could bo plaii ly stated and understood; i ni pia ticable questions woro thoso whit tho devil uses as instruments to mal demagogues, and d?magogues wero < two kinds-ono cass consisted of tl shrewd, calculating knaves, who po scss the necessary status, skill au ingenuity to pfcr?orm their political acts in such a way as to appeal to the Erejudices of the people and deter ouest men from opposing their schemes, from fear of political death; the second class of demagogues are thoso who have less sense. He would confme himself to the consideration of the class first named. W. J. Whipperlwas the only color? ed mau who opposed the measure; he said he believed it was fraught with evil; it was calculated to de? ceive, and for ono he would be un? willing to go back to his constituents and attempt to defend himself, should he be induced to cast his vote in favor of it. June would decide the wisdom of the course he had deter? mined to pursue, and prove that a terrible error was committed when tho Convention led the colored peo? ple of the State to believe they were to obtain land without labor. Ad? mitting that the loau could be effect? ed, a 81,000,000 divided among the people of the State, would give to about one-fourth, nud of this fourth to each family of seven persons, only five acres and oue-seventh-just enough to starve to death upon. If members did not believe it, let them go to Beaufort, where tho people bave been furnished by Goveruuieni with ten acres each, aud are to-day in a worse condition thau if they had nothing at all. Tho momeut this re? solution passed and the fact was pub? lished to .the country that a petitiou had goue to Congress for a 81,000, 000, the ignorant colored people, knowing nothing of figures, believ? ing implicitly in the power of this body to do everything, whether rea? sonable or unreasonable, would abnu don tl?e?r work, become possessed more than ever with this phantom of land, and finally die hopelessly ruin? ed. He would lend no hand in the adoption of any such measure. T. J. Robertson offered the follow? ing resolution: "That the General commanding the District, be request? ed to issue au order applicable to the State of South Carolina, authorizing any attorney, solicitor or counsellor admitted to practice in auy of the courts of the United States, or iu any court of record iu any State, and re? sident in this State, may practice in any of the courts of this State." Referred to ?ILC Committee ou the Judiciary. Heretofore the city railways of Philadelphia have always given out free passes to tho City Councils. 'Phis year they do not, and iu re? venge, the City Councils have passed an ordinance that where the fare is seven cents, they shall pay one cent for each passenger to the city trea? sury. The companies hesitate whe? ther to give out the passes, reduco the fare or pay the tax. Sergeant Bates, the pedestrian, and bearer of the United States flag from Vicksburg to Washington, was publicly received at the Watts Hotel, Selma, Ala., on tho night of the 13th, by a crowded house. Speeches were made by Ex-Governor Parsons, Ex Governor Moore, Hou. Alex. White and Judge W. M. Brooks. Many ladies were prosent. On last Saturday morning, the giu house of Mr. David N. Snell, iu Orangeburg District, was set ou fire, and entirely consumed, together with seven bales of cotton (one of which belonged to a negro) which were near at tho time. The fire was the work of an incendiary. Tho cholera is raging terribly at Bueuos Ayres; thero aro 180 victims daily. Tho citizens are flying. At Villamora, 210 out of 270 railroad laborers died. REDUCTION IN SIZE.-Owing to tho pressure of tho times, tho Augusta Constitutionalist oud thc Chronicle and Sentinel have materially curtailed their proportions. Fourteen camels, raised at Capo do Verde, have been brought to Iu dianola, Texas, to bo shipped for tho Central Park, New York. Tho Boston ico crop this season is the largest and beat ovur gathered. leo twenty-two iuches in thickness was cut at Wonham Lako ou Satur? day. Wm. M. Swain, fouuder of thc Philadelphia Judger, died recently at Philadelphia, aged fifty-nine. LOST. ADRAFT, drawn by mo nnd in my favor, and accepted by tho Charlotte anti South Carolina Railroad Company, for $000, hau hcon loat or mialaid. All persona aro forewarned from trading for tho aarao. Feb 18 2*_W. ll. STACK. WANTED. 3f\C\(\ EMPTY SACKS. .UUU FISHER ii LOWRANCE. Ijiooal Xxpyialb, OOR FILES.-Papers are placed ou ?lc ia tli? FJtosnix oihce for the ac? commodation of the public. Ooo aud nil are invited to call and read, but in no instance must tho papers bo removed from the office. THE BANKER OF THE SOUTH.-Rev. Father A. J. Byan, the talented poet, and author of the "Conquered Banner," will have the editorial con? trol of a weekly journal, with thc above title, to be published in Au? gusta, Ga., on the 1st of March, by Messrs. L. T. Bio me & Co. "ECONOMY IS WEALTU."-Mr. Blease has a neat portable oil stove, which, if it performs all that is olaim ed for it-and we have no reason to doubt it-will work a complete re? volution in culinary arrangements. By its use, any one having the least idea of the preparation of food, can boil, roast, bake or broil, at a mero | nominal cost, and iu a stove which occupies but little space. Call aud examine the machino iu operation, at Mr. Blease's establishment, a few doors North of the Phoenix office. LET US ALL Go TO BRAZIL.-Gen. Wood says, in writing from Brazil, that the ladies, on being introduced] to a stranger, insist upon being em? braced, "heart throbbing agaiust heart." Ho' for Brazil! M AIL AURANOEMENTS.-The post1 office open during the week from S>? a. m. to G p. m. On Sundnvs, from lkj to 2>? p. m. The Charleston and Western mails I are open for delivery at 2 p. m., and | close at 9 a. m. Northern-Open for delivery at | 10j.< a. m., closes at 1 p. m. Greenville-Open for delivery at 31 p. m., closes at 8 p. m. Nzw AUVEKTISMIENTH. -Attention is call? ed t.< the following advertisements, pnb lished rhir> morning for tho tirnt time Meeting Independent Fire Company. W. R. Smith-Valuable Lands For Salo. Regular Meeting Columbia Lodge D. C. Peixotto A Son-Auction Sales. W. H. Stack-Lost. Alfred Tollesou-$1,000. Jacob Levin-Auction Saloa. $1,000! $1,000!! WY ANTED, $1,000 in Billa Receivable. VV IlighoBt price paid in Silver or Cur? rency. ALFRED TOLLESON. Feb 13_ Independent Fire Engine Company. A regu'ar meeting of thia Com? pany will bo held THIS (Tues? day) EVENING, at Hook and -Ladder Hall, at 7 o'clock. A full attendance is earnestly requested. Bv order. G. T. BERG, Secretary. Feb 18_l_ Columbia Lodge No. 108, A.\F.\ M.". A regular communication of thin 'Lodgo will bo held THIS (Tuesday; .EVENING, at7 o'clock, at Palmetto ige Hall. Bv order of tho W. M. Feb' 18 1_J. C. B. SMITH. Sec y. WANTED! OLD GOLD and SILVER, for which tb. highest cash prices will be paid, at I. SULZBACHER'S, A Sign of the Green Spectacles, One door South of Phoenix Oflico, Feb 15 3 Maui streot, Columbia, S. C. OIL STOVES. IHAVE ono of theso celebrated OIL STOVES. All persons (especially the Ladies) aro invited to call and see it. I ara prepared to furnish them to all, for ail who seo them will have one. HENRY H. BLEASE, Feb 15 Ehrlich's Building. Main stroet._ A 0ARI). THEmndersigned bas assumed charge of Mr. R. C. Shiver's store nt Rock Hill, and will devoto bis entire attention to thc business. Orders sent to tho Colum? bia store will bo faithfully attended to. Feb IC _ STARKE \V. PORTER. For Rent. rflHAT commodious and very desirable X STORE, recently occupied by Henry Gibson aa a first class grocery, next to James Brown's paint establishment. Terms will bo verv reasonable Possession given after tho loth instant. Apply to Feb 10 8_JAMES BROWN. FOR SALE. Mk| AT Charles Logan's Stables, *nB cornor of Assembly and Senate ^l->T-Htrocta. a lino lot of young Ken* tuckyMDLES and HORSES. Feb 12 O' Choice Sugar-Cured Hams, AT 18 cents per pound. Call at Feb 7 J. A T. R. AGNEW'S. STATE TAXES. ON band, and for salo, STATE BILLS RECEIVABLE, for all dues to tho State. GREGG, PALMER A CO.