University of South Carolina Libraries
VOLUME XI.-NUMBER 1671. CHARLESTON, WEDNESDAY" MORNING, MAY 3, 1871. EIGHT DOLLARS A YEAR. k PLOUGHING BY STEAM B HOBA.CE GREELEY LEARNS A THIS G OR TWO IN LOUISIAN. What he Saw of the Practical Op 0 tlon of thc Steam Plough >n a Sn " Plantation-An Energetic Plant The Force required to ran the Plop -Cultivating the Cane hy Steam Greeley'? Conclusions. Mr. Greeley writes to tne New York Trie from New Orleans, under date ol May ntl On our way down through Mississippi made the acquaintance of Mr. H. E.Lawre a life-long and successful sugar planter. ~\ on learning my anxiety to witness ploug by steam, ..not for show, but as a business, vited ns to visit the plantation ol' his brot where that style of breaking up the earth fashion. Accordingly, a tug-boat was chai ed, and some forty or fifty gentlemen dev yesterday to sugar-planting by steam. . Magnolia plantation lies some illly n below this city, with a tront of two miles the west bank of the river, with the Gul Mexico but Uve miles distant on either hi Most of the ten-mile strip which here coi tutes the county (late parish) ol Plaquen is a reedy marsh, the haunt ol alligators, i qiiitoeSf^c., which a tempest in the Gulf i submerge at any time; bul a fine forest of oak on the rear of this plantation india that the surface, usually dry, is wider at point than tne average.. The famous lei are slight affairs so near the Gulf, where rise and fall ol the mighty stream (hei mile and a half wide) rarely exceeds ti p. leet, and at the utmost is seven. The ri p surface is now but two to three leet be that of the fevees, and has recently b two feet h'.gher. Water leaking thro' the levee is caught in the substan ditches that everywhere traverse the pl tations. and nins swiftly away till '. under the rank vegetaMop. ol swamps or absorbed by some bayou of adjacent gulf. This whole region has of cou been formed of the muddy. sediment dr pos i by the Father of Waters wherever the sw ness of its current ls arrested. Thus by thousand annual overflows,'mainly in Apri. May. Louisiana has been- projected far i the Guii: and the process of making new lt at the expense of salt water is still in progr? Though the tide rises 18 Inches at New kans, and is felt at Donaldsonville, 70. mi further up. the force of the current keeps i river here wholly fresh at this season, thou it is somewhat brackish at times wi less waler is passing out. That the seil rieb, black and ot unfathomable depth ne not be added. Ditching or deep ploughing constantly unearthing immense cypres: which have been imbedded here for Ihbusan of years-some ol them still sound and si viceable. . . Mr. Effingham Lawrence, the owner of Ms nolla plantation, ls a scion of a well-kno\ Long Island family, the son ol a good farm? . and himself invented a plough when but t< years old. Cultivation is not only lils pursi but his passion. He came hither while si young, and has planted since his minorii The machinery in his sugar-bouse, where '. refine^ more sugar than he makes, bas cc $300,000, and little ol it has been supersede by later and mort perfect devices. Ol bls"30( he cultivates 1000 acres, which Is nearly i that stands wstl out ol water. Some of tl most efficient ol his former slaves have 1? him to plant rice on small places below hit where they make $1000 to $2000 each per a nam, being superior workers. Most of his e slaves chose to remain with him, and some them are here earning $40 per month. H arable acres are divided into tracts or fields five to ten acres each by deep ditches on tl north and south, crossed by firm high roads c the east and west. These acres have been si: ty or seventy years cultivated, mainly in can? and have received little or no -fertilization, ni less an annual burning ol the waste stalks c g. "trash" of the cane lo get rid of lt may be cal W ed such. Negroes and mules have, till recen T. b\ furnished all but the brain power en ; ployed. Mr. Lawrence was accustomed to use team of eight mules to each plough and was the able to pulverize but eight to ten inches I depth. Had be not beew an experienced an capable ploughman, constantly in the field an often between the plough handles, he CDul not have got below six inches, even by the ai of all the persuasives 2:nown to plantatio; management. Ot course his soi), annuall drawn upon by such exhausting crops as can and corn, grew gradually less producive; am he was among the earliest to realize the necee si ty of bringing steam to the aid of agrlcul lure. He had means and credit: be thorough ly understood his business ana Its needs; hi visited Europe, and scrutinized the working of various steam ploughs, and he conclude! that Fowler's machinery, whereof two powerlu engines stand at each side of the field one draw the ploughs back and forth by windin; up and unwinding wire ropes around theil respective drums, was the only device adapt ed to this soft, heavy, easily compacted soil. He bought successively two sets ol these ma chines, the second much heavier and more powerful than the first: and he is now uslnjj thirty-horse engines, supplied on his resolute demand, though none so powerful had evei been constructed /or ploughing lill he ordered them. When the Fowlers have done theil best for him, be takes the machines Into his own shops and directs such nodi tica lions as his own experience has suggested/ He ls con ' fldent that -w? shair:sooa require 6lxty-horse engines, and. by their aid dry prairie maybe ploughed two leet deep at the rate of a: least fifty acres per day. Though the season has been persistently cool and rainy, so fhat everything is back? ward, and the soil waa too wet to be ploughed to advantage, yet we found, on our unan? nounced arrival, beth, sets ot ploughing ma? chinery in lull operation, with none but negro field-hands near them, thoush un overseer rode from field lo field supervising their ef? forts. Boys ol* twelve to fourteen years, who could not hold a breaking-up mule plough, were running engines as learners, at wages et seventy-live cents each per day. The ground was cane stubble, heavily ridged or hilled to counteract excess of moisture, with the "trash" ol last year's crop iying between the rows and constantly clogging and choking the ploughs, often requiring the machinery to be stopped In order to clear them. The sobsofl never disturbed till now-was a glutinous clay loam, compacted by sixty years* treading of HS? heavy mule teams;'so wet that lt carne up un ^ broken, as lt it were glue, and about as easy to pulverize as so much eole-leaiher. So ob? stinate is it that Mr. Lawrence had reduced each gang of ploughs to two, leal his engines should be stalled or his wire ropes broken, lhese two each cut a furrow sixteen inches wide and fully two feet in average depth; had the sur? face been level, they would have averaged twentv-slx Inches. They were drawn across tbe fie?l (57C feet) faster than most men would like to walk. Three men were required to keep them In place, and e'ear them of the choking "trash," which I would have bumed out of their way, though I, had I been a plan? ter, would have preferred to have il buried ae they buried it. Against all these imperil? ments, each set ol machinery was ploughing Iroru f**e-lo six acres per day-ploughingihein two leet* deep^ remember, "and thus relieving them of the generally superabundant moisture as shallow ploughing, or even ordinary sub-foil? ing, never did and never can. Mr. Lawrence, upon land thus ploughed, makes an average ol* '?000 pounds per acre of sugar where he for? merly ma<:e but SOO pounds. Aud lie regards himself as yet on the threshold of steam cultivation. And even this was not Ibo best he had to ^ show us. In oiher tit-Ids, perhaps half a mlle distant, other machines were cultivating cane r by steam. I believe the like of this has not yet been done elsewhere on earth. The ro -s ol'cane are lully seven feet apart; the plant now fully a foot in average height. A loc?me- I live engine stands at either end of the field, moving forward or backward by a touch ol tue hand ol the negro boy standing upon it and look? ing out lor signals. The cultivator is composed of five or six ordinary horse cultivators, enlarged and fixed in a lrame, whereof the half that nas lust stirred the earth to a depth ol two and a "width of five feet is lifted clear of the ground on reaching the engine which draws it, while its counterpart is brought, down to Iis work by the plough-guider stepping ' upon it. At a signal, the boy at the other end of the field or "land" starts his engine, and begins to wind up his wire-rope and uncoil or pay out that ol' ihe druin beneath the opposite engine, pulling the cultivators through the earth as thnv are guidedaearer :he row that they were* kept further from as they passed in ike opposite j I direction. Having thus thoroughly pulver? ized the space between two rews, by travers? ing it twice, the engines move forward ?o the next space r.nd repeat the operation; and so on till nightfall. Mr. Lawrence assured me that one suer? thorough working answers for the season: whereas, while tilled by mule power, ever? cane-field required working six times per season at intervals o? fifteen days. A set ol' machinery and hands tills about : twelve acre? per day. I judcre the cost ol this day's work, including fuel and wear of machinery, ranges from $25 to $30. This is lar below .the cost of repealed workings by mule-power, while it is far more efficacious. The land ploughed and tilled by steam is far dryer than the rest. Mr. Lawrence considers, his thoiiiaul acres under tillage worth $100 per acre mire than they would be but lor steam culture. He will keep his two sets of ploughinz machinery at work not only throughout each day when the earth is not too soddep. but (by relays of hands) throughout each night also, when "the moon serves. Steam tillage of growing crops, bein/ a nicer, more critical opei-aUon, Wi'l be confined to day? light. But the autumn ls here the dry season, therefore most laborable te ploughing, and he realizes an immense advantage In this: -Throughout the cane-cutting months ot Odo ber and November, when all the mules on a plantation are overworked at hauling up cut cane from the fields to the sugar-house, so that ploughing with animals is impossible, he will have his ploughing machinery constantly at work, dobg him most excellent service In preparing fo; next year's crop. I am quito aware that this letter will not convey any clear idea of the machinery or the processes employed in steam ploughing" and tillage. No sensible man expects to be m?de acquainted with these otherwise than by per? sonal aud careful observation. Il I have given any elaborate Idea of tne results achieved, their cost and their value, I have done all i proposed. I close, then, with an avowal ol' my confident belief that Mr. Effingham Law? rence has rendered an immense service to American agriculture, especially that ol the prarie StateE, by demonstrating the benefits, not merely of steam ploughing, but ol' subse? quent steam tillage, and that the day is not remote wherein the "barrens'' oi Long Island and New Jersey, the rich intervales of the Connecticut and the Susquehanna, will be profitably ploughed and tilled to a depth of twenty-lour to thirty-four inches by steam power,-and ihat far larger and surer crops than those of the past will therefrom be re? alized. _ ' _ H. G. NEW YORK ti EWS. NEW YOKE, May 24. The Insurance Convention roll call sr.owed eighteen Suites represented. The following are the officers of the permanent organizatiou: Georgs W. Miller, president; Lloyd Breese, vice-president; H. A. ? Alcott, of New York, secretary. The Foster case has gone to the jury. The police tug has landed with the prize fighters. Dooney Harris, trainer ol Edwards, has been committed in default of $1000 bail. The Judge said the day of prlze-flghting Was over. Hereafter sparring exhibitions must be stopped. Judge Dowling presided. The Cuba, with the High Commissioners on board, sailed to-day. Mr. Reid, toe managing editor of the Tri? bune, went to Washington under arrest of the sergeant-atrarms of the United States Senate. Specie shipment to day $350,000. WASHINGTON NEW . WASHINGTON, May 24. The following nominationa have been sent to the Senate: Charles S. English, collector ol' customs, Georgetown, D. C.;F. C. Humphreys, collector of customs, Pensacola, and Thomas E. HulL collector Second District of Georgia. Tfce Senate continues In session tiil a late hour to-night. Several amendments are voted down. It is probablethe treaty will be ratified before morning. The Young Men's Christian Association met in annual convention to-day. Jt organized by the election of John Wannamaker, of Ehila delphia, president. Among the vice-presi? dents are R. H. Brown, of Louisiana, and C. B. Fisk, of Missouri. Fully one thousand del? egates are in attendance. THU ENGLISH TUBE. How the Derby Resulted. LONDON, May 23-Evening. At the Epsom race, Woodcott stakes, for two years old colts and flllieato-day. resulted as follows: Out of Rlgoibache Cremorne, 1; Lord Mark, 2, Idieu, 3. Nine ran. LONDON, May 24. In the Derb:- races theSeepher colt came in first, Albert Victor second, ana King of the Forest third. The beating agalmit the Seepher colt was eight to one. The heat was dead between Albert Victor and King of the Forest for the second place in the Terby. THE PRESS GANG AT RICHMOND. RICHMOND, May 24. Fifty-three representatives of the press of ,he interior towns of New York and Pennsjl rania arrived here tc-clay. Tlioy will be en :ertainfid.ut the Whig office this evening, and liter visiting Lae scenes of Interest around th? ?ity to-morrow,.will leave on Friday for the White Sulphur Springs. ALL ABOUT THE STATE. Fairfield. Friday next is the day*set for the elocution, at Winnsboro'. Fairfield County, of the two colored men, Henry Houston and Spencer Huffman,- who were sentenced to be hanged for the murder ot u.North Carolinian named Powell, in that county, in December last? Marlboro.' The Marlboro' Times publishes the state? ment, lurnished by Mr C. S. McCall, one ot Lhe merchants of Eenneusvilie, according, io which 3C91 bales of cotton have been shipped Irom Bennettsville to different points, Hom September 1, 1370, to-May 1.1671, to wit: To New York 231 > bales, lo Charleston IOCS, to Baltimore 57 and to Liverpool 51. This is pretty lair for Reunettsvllle. Marion. The Methodist District Conference com? menced its session 3-esterday, at Marlua Court? house. The opening sermon was to be preached last nit:hr. Dy Rev. Augustine W. j Walker, ol'Geo-'getown. Dr. Whitefoord Smith and Dr. A. M. Ship} 'f Spurtanburz. are both L-xpected lo attend. Henry Green, a big mouthed darkey, living somewhere iu Marion County, is threaleuing vengeance on the Ku-Klux, .who. however, havt! not as yet molested him. There ls. in fact, 110 K. K. in Marion, and Henry Green will most likely be disappointed iu nov liciv ing his valor pitt to the test. The Marion Star has the following account. 0: a difficulty which occurred Saturday night last, ut Mullins's Depot, Wilmington and Man? chester Railroad, between a Mr. Price and several other parties, amonir whom a Mr. Huggins appeared to be the leader: "Mr. Price" was badly stabbed in tho shoulder, and bis arm was dangerously lacerated. The wounded man was carried to his uncle's, .Mr. D. Page, at Nichols's Oepot, and al Ut6t ac? counts was sufi'iring very much." The Star also bus the following about the Ku-Klux in Florence: "We learn that the Ku Klux (so-called) have placarded at Florence a pronunciamento ordering. ' with the usual ,1 penalty of refusal attached", the following per? sons to depart within a specified number of : days: P. C. Flood, a trial justice; Richard : Humbert, a member of the Legislature; Lay- . lon, a trial justice; Francis Smith, a school 1 commissioner, and Jeshna Wilson, whose 1 "rank' we could not learn. All those men- I Lioned, with on>3 exception, are colored; Lay- 1 lon is white. The result, so far, hos been to 1 induce Flood and others to call a deliberative" 1 meeting on yesterday. Of the proceedings ol' 1 .he caucus we could hear nothing."' TBE STATISTICS OF HYMEN. FACTS ABOUT TUB M ABBI AO ? CHANCES OF MEN AS D MAIDS. Thc Average Age of Marriage-Widows and-.Widowers- Karly Marriages - Eligible Ages-About Old Maida. The hard and unpleasant truth may as well be stated, says Appleton's Journal, that marriages occur in accordance witto large general tacts, over which individuals can ex? ercise no authority, awl that in numbers they are in no wise affected by the temper and wishes ot the people. This first fact about marriage is not only prosaic, but humiliating. Shall not these people choose companions Jor Hie, and listen to the clerical "What God hath joined together let no man put asunder," at such time as they may mutually agree upon ? By no means. The law says they shall do neith? er or these things; and the peculiarity of this law is that it cannot be violated. Further? more, all who desire it will not be permitted to marry: What is to be said of such immiti? gable tyranny ?8 this ? Not marry when we choose, or whom we choose ! Not to be con? sulted as to whetht-r -we shall marry or no| ! What Is'life worth il these things are to be de? cided without our Knowledge or consent ? Not much, perhaps; but we might Just as well leam the disagreeable fact at once and sub mltitolt-the plain statistical lacts concern? ing marriage running somewhat in ibis wise: ROMANCE VS. STATISTICS. Tile average ase cf women, when they mar? ry, ls 25.46 years, and of 100 wno reach this age 21 will never many. Willi men lt fares differently; for, strange as" it may seem, more wompn than men get married, and, of 100 of the latter who reach the marriage age of 35.9 years, 22 will die bachelors. Thus, about one tilili of our people are doomed to die unwed ded, whether they prefer it or not. . WIDOWS AND WinoWERS. Now, the marriages that occur In New York number, year by year, about 92S0-18.560 per? sons-and lor every one of these marriages there will at some time be left a widow or widower; for it rarely happens that husband and wife die at the same moment. Some of these widows and widowers will remarry more of the latter than the former-and be? cause ol this fact the actual number of women who marry will exceed the actual number ol cen. The rule seems to be that about one In three widowers and one in four widows re? marry. Ol 100 marriages, about 13 of the men will be widowers, and only ll of tho women will be widows, the bachelors numbering 87 and the spinsters 89. - On general principles, there may be no serious objection to old Weller's advice : "Bevare ol ridden;" but we, not basing our conclusion upon domestic experi? ence, but upon a series of mathematical calcu? lations, cun absolutely affirm that widows db not, by any means, monopolize the matrimo? nial market, and that there ls more lo be fear? ed from one spinster than from a dozen wid? ows (let bachelors make a note ol' thi? fact,) for tb*; truth is that spinsters have a better success against widows in the hunt for hus? bands than the bachelors have against widow? ers in the winning of wives. EARLY MARRIAGE. Suppose there be a hundred weddings In New York within a given time, in all respects of the average kind, how many of these per? sons will be minors ? No palm-reading gipsy, no spirit from the vasty deep, let him be called by no matter what boasting Glendower, can tell half so much ol these ccult events os this Interrogating mathematician will learn from his curious figures and bewildering signs. Ask him, and he will reply, without any miii^ mery or gibberish, twenty-four will have been mtirrtad, and about nineteen will be under age. Ol* this lutler number, al! but one will be women-spinsters hot yet out of their teens. At all events, this Isl lie result ol' his present calculations, and ll time and Increased numbers should alter the averages, he ?vtll learn the fact sooner than any one else. The remainder will be bachelors and spinisters ol' the average age ol 29.5 for the lormer, and 25.46 for the latter. What the law ls that makes bachelors so much more prudent than spinsters, we will not undertake to say; but certain it Is that maidens make much more haste than young men In getti lg into the matrimonial net. Still lt must'be remembered that, girls, whether orudently or nor, are regarded as marriageable at fifteen, and are' certainly so at seventeen; so that lu view ol' the fact that only eighteen In*-every hundred of the delicate creatures who marry are under tw-enty years of age, while-forty-three of the same hundred are between twenty and thirty-five, and twen? ty-two more between twenty-five and thirty, we must candidly confess that they manifest a degree ol prue" n- In the matter that would seriously disturb . Malthus, were he only aware of it. We will not say that marriage previous to the adult age is Indiscreet, but we will defy any mun to form a Just conclusion in regard to the age of discretion from the study of marriage statistics. To find this result, the marriage and. mortuary tables must be studied together. The question ls of some impor? tance, but it must be unwillingly deferred. TUE ELIGIBLE AO ES. But if women come upou the marriageable list earlier than men, they suffer the Incon? venience of being stricken earlier from' lt. After 45, women arc' no longer regarded- as eligible, matrimonially, and the demand for wives of this age is so slight as to be hardly worth considering, although we ?ud un occa? sional widow-still more rarely a spinster willing to marry even ulter bavin:' passed the sprightly age of llirecscore years and ten. Und?v 2.1 years Cl age the number ol' women who marry ls a little more than twice as gfeai as the numoer o? met?; but, alter -15, the num? ber of Benedicts is more than thrice that of the brides. In 1000 marriages ol' the average kind us lo ages, l-l woineri aud 49 men will have passed therr ninth lustrum. Widows re? marry at an average age ot ll) years, while the average age ot widowers who again take to them x'lves conjusral partuerd is-il or there? about. A TABLE OF CHANCES. We will not undertake tovell each o:' our fair readers how old she will be when led to the altar a blushing bride, il that should pro"? to be her destiny; but we can tell her what the chances are at the present state ol our know? ledge bi statistical facts. If we take the wed? dings that actually occur, we shall find that, in every thousand, there will be 179 wives under 20 years, while there, will be only 9 .husbands of that age. But perhaps these facts will be better staled in statistical terms, Hms: In every thousands marriages there will be Hus? bands. Wives. Ages. 9.179.Cn ler 20 vears nratte. 29--'.4?4....Between ?CO an-rj?yeirsorugc. 34S.22C-Hetwecu ii and 30 \p;irs o? age. 172. 81 - Hetwecu 30 ami 35 yenisof tige. S3. 4"3-Betwe-n 35 ami 4(1 veaw ur ??ge. 44."JO- Be:ween 40 and 49 years or age. 20. S ... .Ketween 4S and 50 y en rs or age. 12. 8....Between su and ssyer.r-i of age. ?. 1_Between 5S and co years of age. The remainder, nine men arid five women, will be scullered uloug between 60 and 80 years-an age at which almost any one would be expected to know better. It will be seen, however, that the desire as well as tue oppor lunity for marriage fails off rapidly in both sexes Biter 10-up lo that age both seem to increase. In 27,500 marriages, or thereabout, there will be only HU men aud only 18 women between GO and 70 years of nge, while 14 men ami 4 women will be between 70 and PO. OLD MAIDS. Interesting as these ancients are, there is still another class deserving of something more than a passing notice. We mean old maids. How many are lhere, and what are their matrimonial chances ? We have already stated that twenty-one ont of every hundred women who reach the marriage age, namely, 25.46 years, never marry. But even .Iiis does not tell the exact number of marriageable women who are waiting for husbands, if, in ieed, BO ungallant a thing as this may be said ol' any. But, then, how lg it possible to expect an alge? braic *ign to be guilty of gallantry ? From ihe nest authority that can be had upon this exceedingly interesting topic, it appears that ihe number of unmarried and m irriageable women, within those heretolore meniioned as the marriageable ages, namely, 13 and 45. is about 25 per cent, ot the whole number of women living between those ages. It seems to be a part of the creed of the discontented sist' iiiood, whether wives or spinsters, that one of the inalienable rights of woman enti? tles her to a husband. It Will be seen that na? ture sets her face against this assumption, and makes a very different decree. The truth is that every woman living between the ages of 15 and 45 has 25 chances in 100 of dying an old maid-that is, her chances of marriage are as four to one. This isJnst enough to give them all hope, and not sufficient to drive any to des? pair. The complaints of managing mammas are of no avail. Even the bailot will not bring them a better rate, and, with suffrage or with? out it. one-?fourlh of all between the above named age.sare doomed to Jive in rjld-malden hood and to die unhushanded. SPARKS FROM IRE WIRES. j -Bishop Clarke, of Cincinnati, is dead. -Vice-President Colfax gives no indications of improvement. -The Senate was in executive session yes? terday on the high-joint treaty. . -The fight between Edwards and'Collier, light weights, is broken up. . -The official resultof the census ol London, just taken, shows thc total population to be sUgStly rising three and a quarter millions. -Daniel Montgomery, of Rochester New York, indicted for wile-murder, has been con? victed of murder in the first degree. The plea of insanity proved ineffectual. # -The Delaware Manufacturing Company's main building (Cincinnati) is burned. Loss $75,000; also the Exchange Hotel at "Alliance. -The revolutionist.? are within three miles of Panama. The .American consul declares the seizure of the steamer Montlgo piracy. Busi? ness ls suspended. .A battle is expected. . -The earner-stone of the monmnent to the Confederate dead at Oakwood Cemetery, Rich? mond, was laid yesterday afternoon. About 10,000 persons were present. GREELEY IS NEW ORLEANS He linkt? a Speech-The Poli'tlcal WC rr s y of States' Rights-His Eulogy on Southern Statesmen-The Facture of the Country-Amnesty, ?fcc. " The hollowing is a nearly full report of Mr. Greeley's speech delivered at New Orleans on Wednesday evening, at a reception tendered by the American Union JDIiib, a private club composed of ex Union sor?liers : ThlB city and the presence of thc audience, here was an evidence of the advisability of the Union, a proof that a part could never be greater than the whole, notwithstanding the political heresy that the Union was the crea? ture of the Slates. Tile City of New Orleans aol Hie State of Louisiana tobi a. different truth; they told that this great sea-bound city, the metropolis of the South, and the territory surrounding, was wrested from European dominion by the blood and sweat of the Americau people; that lt was acquired origi? nally by the money ol the. Union, and was designed for the development of the resources of the American people. Where, he asked, were the Union a creature of the States, would New -Or? leans or Louisiana have been to-day ? It was a monstrous mistake to suppose the Union a creature of these States, and the belief iden? tified as properly Southern, he considered heresy. That Urey belonged Lo the general whole, he did not pretend to deny; that they have rights he had always claimed. [Ap? plause.] His political creedhad been found? ed on the sentiments of the great men the South gave tb tire Union. He knew of no one who was more lo be believed in than George Washington-a Southern man, but a national Southern man. Never in the history of the country had its administration been distin? guished by greater, dignity, Integtfllf . iP'^rjr or capacity? We liad" made no real progress In government since the days of Washington. Chief Justice Marshall, in Oie thirty-three y?ars ol his official career, did m^re to organize the government and put its theory into practice than any living man. He achieved more with his pen than all the swords' ever used, with ihe exception of two or three. Washington's larewell'address was especially designed to do away willi all narrow ideas o"f dismember? ment, and no document ot ancient or modern times did more than that larewell. Ii these were Southern ideas, the speaker was a Southern man; if they were not, he was. not. It was never contemplated that any Suite, however large, 3hould be em? powered to nulliiy the tie. During his trip South he had'a conversation with a Mlsslsslplan who claimed to be a Whig, and opposed disunion. However, when this State went out, he considered that his paramount allegiance should remain rrith his ?state. The doctrine, the speaker declared, was never learned lrom the Whig party. When there was a war ol giants in the Senate, and Hayne. of South Carolina, talked of nullification and States' rights, Danlel'Webster answered it with a crtishlug denunciation that resounded throughout the whole country, and rejoiced the hearts of Southern menas well os North? ern men. When at a later day South Carolina at templed to carry out that doctrine, andrew Jackson, another Southern man, answered in a masterly proclamation, taking even stronger grounds ihgtn did Mr. Webster. Edward Liv? ingston, his secretary of state, and a native of Louisiana, very probably wrote that proclama? tion. If that was not Southern doctrine; then Geo. Washington John Marshall, andrew Jack? son and Edward Livingston were not Southern men. As lor him, though boru in New Hamp? shire, and a resident ol New York for over forty years, he believed in the* .whole conni ry. [Applause.] Had thc attempt to. divide lt succeeded, it would'have been another Poland, -distracted by feuds, and eventually a prey to foreign arms; or another Germany, with smaller blutes at almost constant war for years. Germany delivered herself from that alliiciion. and-to that he at tribu? ed her suc? cess in the regent war. When nations or com? munities appeal to Hie argument of war, they should abide by the decision. The Americans are a diverse race. We sprang from different nationalities of tne world as well as from dif? ferent races; we have established the equal civil and political rights of all classes; circum? stances devolved on us the necessity ot mak? ing i Ids declaration: there was no other way, We who delended the national life are pre? pared lo give it a consistent and logical execu? tion; they are not kindred in race or blood, but they are here and not likely to move away; we need ali the talent and labor we have, and have room for twenty times as many: should our limits become too smalj to contain ali. they could be easily enlarged; [Cheers.] Extension is only a question of time; a lime will come when me (Janadas will be ours, just as Russian America is now. and Hie West In? dies, just as Texas is. Let. us live np to that. All nature's difference makes all nature's peace. If I don't choose to Invite you io my house, don't invite me to yours. Take your place and win your spurs: there is opportunity lor ?tl). When we cun reuige that we eau stand on our own two feel, without treading on each other's loos, we will lind that, instead o' being ti cause of weakness, equality will be .a source of unity arid strength. I am disposed lo acknowledge thc equality Ol' all races. God marie some men black because they were in places where it would be an advantage io be black. Don't despise him. loathe him, or de? sire ti? i ram pie on him. Ii we had follow ed I hat rule, we would have saved the aborigines, now nearly exterminated. I believe the ne? groes are destined to increase and become s valuable element of the Unien. They are not my enemies who chose to be ray enemies seven or eight vears ago. I believe in sweeoing away proscription und~disfrauchisement. I ftvel thai my C'mutry is crippled When she is not allowed to i-.vuil herself of all the talent iu the country, ii was not right to allow the ene? mies of tne Union to control Important Issues and frustrate our armies by Union ballot-box? es. But no such necesslty'exists now. There would not be a Ku-Klux in the land now if there had been a general amnesty five years ago. It would have reunited the people and healed the wounds produced by the war. For that he had struggled, and a time was not far distant when every American would have his fair say at the ballot-box, and the majority will rule. The lesson taught by the war had been dearly bought, but it wus worth the cost. Prouunclamentoes might be for South America, but they are not suited to this peo? ple, and he thought they had discovered that In one experiment. PARIS IN FLAMES. THEZQUTRE AND TC I Ii ERIES EVENED. Great s i :m T li ter of ComninnifiU - \0 Quarter-H?tel de Ville Probably De? stroyed- Fight i n y Dr sp t- ru tr. a nd Still Progressing. LONDON', May 24. The Versallllsts have carried the terminus o? the Strasbourg Railroad. Billaray, the Com? munist Minister .0:' War, is killed. OUTSIDE PARIS, May 24-Morning. The barricades in the Place Vendome and Place de la Concorde are not yet carried, an.d the barricades at Belleville still hold out against the government troop.3. The insift gents, however, are discouraged by the suc? cesses of the Versallllsts. The losses yesterday were heavy. Strong hopes are entertained that the finishing blow will be given the Com? munists to-day. ' VERSAILLES, May 24-Morning. The Louvre and the Tuileries are burning. They dre said to-have been ignited by the Federals with petroleum. The Federals were driven yesterday from the Faubourg St. Ger? main and elsewhere. The Versalllists to-day are continuing their victorious march. It is thought the Federals will "attempt to escape towards Belleville and Pauling. Crowds of repulsive-looking men, destitute of uniforms and. In rags, have oeen taken prisoners.. LATER.-The insurgents nave fired the palaces of theLegion of Honor and Council of State, on the southern side of the Seine, and opposite the Gardens of the Tuileries. Other palaces are also burning. The Versallllsts have advanced their left wing to Belleville, the centre to the Palace of the Louvre and Halle Centrale,, and the right to the Observatory. Fumes anet smoke of pe? troleum pervade the city. NEW YORK, May 24. A World cable from St. Denis, Tuesday night, says fighting in Paris has ceased. McMahon and Thiers enter to morrow. The losses of the. Communists were fearful. : The troops gave no quarters. Many leaders of the Commune were captured and immediately shot. The Lau st. ? . OUTSIDE PARIS, May 24-1 P. M. A terrible explosion has Just occurred In th e centre of Paris. It ls considered probable that the Hotel de Ville has#been blown up-by the insurgents. VERSAILLES, Muy 24 -P: M. The Tuileries ha? been entirely baned down. It is hoped that the galleries of the Louvre will be saved. LATER.-Great fires are now raging In Parto in all directions. A New York World special, dated St. Dehl9, May 24th, says : ?"Alter a brief lull yesterday, fighting recommenced, and continued all night. The Versallllsts surrounded the Tuile? ries, the Louvre, and -the Place Vendome. Desperate fighting followed, anc! every Inch of ground was disputed. At daylight the irisar j gents still held ?those positions. A combined assault ls now progressing." WASHINGTON', May 24. Minister Washburne, from Versailles, tele? graphs the following to Secretaiy Fish : "The J!wt???i8, ^.ft4tjrely constuned; the Louvre, is tlirxntened; the palaces of the Ministry of Finance, Etat Major, Legion of Honor, and j other buildings, arc on fire. The fighting I continues." THE WEATHER THIS DAT. WASHINGTON, May 24. Probabilities: Falling barometer, with in? creasing cloudiness and easterly winds are probable for Thursday on the Atlantic coas t; threatening weather with light rains for the greater part ol the Mississippi Valley; fresh easterly winds from Lake Erie to Lake Stipe - rler. -A dispatch Irom Montgomery, Ala., dated yesterday, says that J. J. Chuppell, a mem? ber of Congress from the Columbia, 8. C., District, from the years 1812 to 1815, died on Tuesday, on his plantation near that city, after a lingering Illness. TBE PROSPECT FOR COTIOX. Thc Crop in Florid.*. The Gainesville Era says: "We were shown early this week a cotton stalk, zrown upon th? plantation of Mr. William'Thompson, three miles north of town, which had upon it > twelve forms. A large number ol other stalks have bolls, but not so many forms upon them as the one exhibited. This ls indeed early. No food for caterpillars there'." The Quincy Journal says: "The crops are doing llueiy, with the brightest prospects of a heavy yield. Il ls estimated thai, one-lourth or one-third more corn ls planted than last year, and a little diminution In tue acreage of "cotton. Scarcely any fertilizers have be?n used. The recent cold snap did not hurt much, only retarding a little '.he growth of cotton, which a few warm days will tiring out : again." The Lake City Press says: "The first cotton . bloom of the season was lelt ?t our office on ? Monday last by Silas P. Bute, who Is cultiv?t- , lug the plantation of Hon. S. L. Niblack, near ' this city. Mr. B. is a young man, lately of. . Middle Florida, near Tallahassee. He has the , ! reputation ot being a thorough farmer, and, s lrom the appearance of his crops, he is one of < the systematic farmers that pays attention to j the cultivation of his land." The Marianna Courier says: "Cotton has ' had some unfavorable aad disadvantageous : weather within the past two weeks, which is leafed will be productive of insects, though none has yet appeared. The stand is general? ly (rood, and the plant looks healthy. The acreage o'" this crop in the county is fully equarto that of last year. Whatever of addi? tion which bas been made to the amount ol' hind cultivated in the county has principally , been made in corn, but the large farms are \ nearly in the same proportion as last year." i Special Noticus. ??r* WARRANTED INFALLIBLE TIME 00KS XOT IMPAIR. ITS EFFICIENCY MILLINGS'S COMPOUND BUG DESTROYER, pre? pared emly by R. C. MILLINGS, No. 414 King street, nial sold hy Druggists and the trade in general, in plut bottles at Fifty Cents each. Liberal inducements offered to dealers by ap? plying to EWD. S. BURNHAM, Druggist, No. 421 King street, (Marleston, 8. G. mayll-thstu2mos JB- GETTING MARRIED. -ESSAYS FOR YOONG MEN on great SOCIAL EVILS AND ABUSES which interfere with MARRIAGE-with 9ure means of relier ror the Erring and Unfortu? nate, diseased and debilitated. Sent free, in seal? ed envelopes. Address HOWARD ASSOCIATION, No. 2 S. Ninth street, Philadelphia, Pa. mayl3-3mos 7p&- MEDICAL NOTICE. -PATIENTS uttering from Diseases pertaining to the GENITO URINARY ORGANS; wifi receive the latest scien? tific treatment by placing themselves under the care 01 Dr. T. REENSTJERNA. office No. 74 Hasel street, three doors from the Postoffice. aep20-tuthlyr (Bfran? fla?* ?Jislribmion. $500,000 TO BE GIVEN AWAY! , .... ? *. THE "'r" SOUTH CAROLINA Ol -??:> ii Vi S3-! ! . --y.' - '07 >l . ..< ".. j ll ' '? The undersigned have entered into an -association for the purpose of Introducing Immigrant* lato Sooth Carolina and procuring homes for the same. They propose to establish Agencies in the iprinc?pal Cities of Enrope and the North and Northwest; and assist Immigrants in coming ?to our Sta'e, where they will ha*" homes provided, and aid them in becoming permanent Bettlers npon the soil. They will he able to offer the best Cotton, Grain and Truck Land in the. healthy portions, of the State, at very low prices, and on lon* credit, enabling the purchaser to pay for the same out of the crops raised. They will also assist Immigrants, when necessary, to transportation and subsistence for the first year. . . Circulars will be prepared and. distributed, explaining our plans mo?'--ii*;;fej?-; '-'"V? Central Office, ACADEMY OF MUSIC, CORNER KINO AND MARKBf " South Carolina. BULLEE, CHADWICK, GARY & CO. *3 ! :v,i.. .. :. .. I ..- .. , e>. ..... .. '?, ? .. '"., References in South Carolina : Genera;-WAUK HAMPTON, General JOHN S. PRESTON, Hon. B. F. PERRY, Hon. w. D. SIMPSON, Governor M. L. BONHAM, . ANDREW SIMONOS, Esq., General JOHNSON HAGOOD, Hon. G. A. TRENHOLM, Hon. A R MI ST EA D BURT, Governor J. L. MANNING, Hon. JAMES OH ESN OT, . Hon. J. B. CAMPBELL. References in New York City : AUGUST BELMONT & CO., Bankers. . . . . . : - MORTON, BL1 SS A CO., Bankers.. i HOD. CHARLES O'CON OR, Coungellc*'-at-Law. Hon. JOHN E. WARD, Counsel ir-at-Law. Hon. ROGER A. PRYOR, Connsellor-at-Law. Colonel RICHARD LATHERS. T. A. HOYT, Esq., President Gold Room. K HUNT, THOMPSON & co., Factors. . ANDERSON, STARR 4 CO., Merchants. . PETTUB* CO., Merchants. J F. ZOGBAUM A FAIRCHILD, Merchant?? .-0 $500,000 TO BE AWARDED TO THE TICKET-HOLDERS OF THE SERIES OF CONCERTS TO COMMENCE ON THE FIRST OF OCTOBER, 1871, AT THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC, CHARLESTON, S. C., ON WHICH DAY ^ THE DRAWING COMMENCES. ' S _o_ '*&wmz THE SOUTH CAROLINA LAND AND IMMIGRATION ASSOOIATION, UNDER THE AUS ;. . a of the "South Carolina State Agricultural and Mechanical Society," will give a series of concerts at the Academy of Music, Gnarleston, S. C., commencing October 1st, 1871, for the purpose of raising a fand to enable Emigrants to settle upon lands selected by the Association for Homes of Northern and European Farmers and other-, In the State or Sonth Carolina, and for their transportation thither and support mr the flirt year. 150,000 SEASON TICKETS OF ADMISSION, AND NO MORE, AT FIVE DOLLARS EACH. ALL THE PREMIUMS. INCLUDING DEED AND CERTIFICATE C TITLE TO ACADEMY OF MUSIC, will be deposited with the National Bank or the Republic, New York. . . $?500,000 irv GIFTS ! t 1st Gift-ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Charleston, S. C, coHt to build $230,000, having an annual rental of about $20,000, from Opera Hoc.se, Stores and Halls; the building being about 230 feet by CO feet, and situated corner of King and Market streets, In the centre'of the city, and weil known to te the finest building and most valuable property In Charleston, valued at....$260,000 id Gift-Cash. 100,000' 3d Gift-Cash. 26,000 Ith Gift-Cash. 10,000 Rh Gift-Cash-..,. 6,00s >6 Gifts-Cash-each $1000. . . 26,000 26 Girts-Cash-each $000.. 12,600 ?50 Gifts-Cash-each $100. 35,000 ?60 Gifts-cash-each $50.,. 12,600 ?00 Gifts-Cash-each $26. 12,600 .250* Gilts-casa-each $10. 12,600 2404 Gifts, amounts to.$600,000 BUTLER, CHADWICK, GABY & CO., Agents S. C. Land and Immigration Association, Jenerai M. C. BUTLER, ) rOHN CHADWICK, Esq , \ CHARLESTON, S. C. ?enera! M. W. GABY, ) AGENTS WANTED-LIBERAL COMMISSIONS ALLOWED. -0 Commisioners and Supervisors of Drawing General A. R. WRIGHT, of Georgia. General BRADLEY T. JOHNSON, of Virginia. Colonel B. H. RUTLEDGE, ol' South Carolina. Hon. ROGER A. PRYOR, ol New York. A. FAIR AIVD C'OMMUNDA1?LE SCHEME ! CHARLESTON. S. C., May -, 'AKX. We take pleasure in certifying that we ase acquainted with General M. 0. BUTLER, JOHN CHADWICK, Esq., and General M. W. GARY, ot the firm of BUTLBR, CHADWICK, GARY ? CO, and mow them to be gentlemen of integrity, and we regard the object they have of assisting immigrante o homes in South Carolina of great Importance to tie State as well as te the Immigrants, and we lave every confidence that the* enterprise will be carried out with fairness and honesty to all par lea concerned. GEO. A. TRENHOLM l; W S^p^W JAM^R, PRINGLE. HENRY BUIST, ayl2-3mus WILMOT G. UBSAUSSURS.