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VOLUME XI.-NUMBER 1671. CHARLESTON, WEDNESDAY" MORNING, MAY 3, 1871. EIGHT DOLLARS A YEAR. THE CAPTURE OF PARIS. HIV ULY INTERESTING DETAILS OF THE FINAL ASSAULT. Bloody Fighting in th? Streets-Storm? ing the Barricades-Thiers'? Speech Rail Of Mnntmat ti e - .lit .Mahon in the Tuileries-deported Mu r der of the Archbishop of Paris-Capture of Com? munist Leaders. &c. VERSAILLES, May 22. The barricades under the Arch de Triomphe were carried by the assaul - the forty-first, sixty-third and eighty-fourth regiments takiDg a gallant and conspicuous part in the action. Colonels Ko nc. ault and Leia vre are said to have been mortally wounded. The Commun? ists are represented as having fallen back to a formidable line ol barricades extending across the Rue de Rivoli to the centre ol the Pluce de la Concorde. The barricades are armed with mitrailleurs and light field pieces, and lonume" rabie torpedoes and other engines of destruc? tion thickly planted in the neighborhood. The Palais de l'Industrie is surrounded by gov? erning;, troops, and the Communists inside called on for unconditional surrender. A bloody fight occurred in the Rue St. Honore. The Versaillists charged down the Btreei with fury, and were fearfully cut up by a concealed fire from the windows of the Con clergierle. * McMahon planted eleven cannon OH t. 3 city si je-ol'the Arc de Triomphe amidst the debris ?rf the captured barricades, and completely 6wept the Champs Elysees. The Communists are concentrated along the Rue de Rivoli, Rue St. Antoine, around the Hotel de Ville and in the Place Bastile. Gene: al Lenoir was shot this morning in the east square of the Tuileries by court martial on a charge ot treason to the Commune. The commotion in the city is culminating. In the Assembly to-day President Thiers made a congratulary speech on the surprising success of the government arms. He said be had not expected to effect an entrance into Paris for three or more days, and gave an ac? count in detail ot the movements on Sundays, which terminated so victorious!}*. He an? nounced that the government w-as determined to visit with rigorous punishment the most criminal ot the instfrgents. Bills were intro? duced to restore the Chapel of Expiation and the column of the Place Vendome, the latter to be surmounted by a statue of France. A vote of thanks to President Thiers and the army was adopted by acclamation. LoxDp.v. May 22. A .dispatch dated outside of Paris, Monday evening, May 22d, says the isolation of the city continues. Fires are ragmg inside, and dense smoke overhangs Montmartre. Fre? quent explosions, are heard. The souud ot cannon and musketry firing is continuous. It is said the Prussians are occupying Vincennes The Prussian outposts have received strict or? ders to drive buck all insurgents attempting to pass their lines. A wounded Communist gen? eral has been turned back by the Germans. Their advanced corps has been doubled. The headquarters of the Prince of Saxony will shortly be removed from Margency to Com peigne. The Guards will return to Germany by the end of the present week. LONDON, May 23. A dispatch Irora Versailles last evening says1 The Versaillist troops occupied the s-ationofl the Versailles Railway on the Boulevard Mont Parnasse, within a short distance ol the Luxem? bourg, and Genera! Cllnchamp has turned the insurgents' position at the Tuileries and made eight to ten thousand prisoners. A later dis? patch says the Versaillists have occupied the Place Vendon.o, the Tuileries and the Hotel de Ville. Assy is certainly In custody, and it ls reported that Felix Pyat is also arrested. Another dispatch says the Insurgents aban? doned the Place Concorde yesterday. General L'Adm'.rault's forces have surrounded Mont? martre, and the battle now progressing there will complete the overthrow of the insurgen: movement. OUTSIDE OF PARIS, May 23-Noon. Th?rVersaillist flag now floats over Mont? martre. The whole city is evidently in pos? session of the forces of the Assembly. The Latest. VERSAILLES, May 23-Afternoon. General Clinchamp, during last evening, oc? cupied Bontlgnalles, and attacked Montmartre to-day on the we.-t and south from the uvenue and Boulevard de Clichy Mont. General l'Ad mlrault, simultaneously moving his forces along the line of the Seine and Boulevards, leading to the Northern Railway, attacked the station of. that railway and carried lt by as? sault. He thence moved on Montmartre, which was captured af one this P. M. General Cizzay's lorces carried the barricade in the Chansee de Moine, in thc northern part of Paris. The operations of the government troops are progressing satisfactorily every? where, and the complete suppression ol the insurgents is expected to-day cr to-morrow. The losses of the Versaillists in to-day's en? gagements were small. The heaviest flinting yesterday was in the Rue Royale. The slaughter was terrific. Colonels Pubols and Moran, nephews ol Guizot, commanding the Versailles troops, were killed by tho explosion of torpedoes. The barricade in the Rue St. Honore was captured and ?recaptured six limes. General Vluoy is reported wounded in the groin, and Donoi in the head. It is rumored that the Archbishop of Paris i.nd the Abbes Francois and Vi?etnesant were^hot by the insurgents. THE TEXAS PACIFIC KAILBOAH. NEW YORK, May 23. The stockholders of the T-xas Pacific Rail? road Company met to-day at the office of Mar? shall 0. Roberts and had au clt-ction of direc? tors, with the following result: Moses Taylor, Marshall O. Roberts, Thomas A. Scott, Samuel j f J. Tilden, Edward Plerrepoul, Henry G. Steb- j i biHS, Geo. W. Cass, W. T. Waiters, Henry D. Newcourt, E.W. Rice, Henry S. McComb. Juo. W. Forney, Iven McMauus, Joli". ?. Harris, W. R. Travers. Geo. Quintard and J. W. Throck mortou. SPARKS FROM TUE ?rtRES. -The Town of Bradford, Canada^ is Darned. Loss over half a million. -The yellow lever deaths in Buenos Ayres are reduced to ooe hundred daily. -At tlie Lexington races, Mollie Cadwalla der won first time, iu 1 :lGj and 1:444- Fandla don was second. THE WE A THE K THIS DAY. WASHINGTON, May 23. Brisk and high winds irom the southeast and northeast will probably be experienced to-night on the lakes. Clear and partially clear feather ls probable for Wednesday on the AUanlic and Gulf coast. HOW IO Wm ZN 3872. True Course ol' the Democracy in thc Present Crisis or the Country-The Constitution as it is-A Letter from John (Quincy Adams. The following letter from John Quincy Adams, lat? the Democratic candidate for Gov? ernor of Massachusetts, to a citizen of [Mis? souri, has been given to the world through the columns ol' the St. Louts Republican : QUINCY, May C, 1871. A. Wurr en Kelsey, Esq. : DtSAit Sut-1 have ttie honor to acknowledge the receipt, of a communication from you en? closing two extracts lrom newspapers upon which you request my criticism; and I infer lrom your letter that you wish to learn my opinion upon the public "questions discussed in those artlclee. You are quite welcome to know them, if yon are willing; lo accept them as 6imply the sp?c? ulation of an individual. I represent nobody, and do not boast a lollower in the world; nor do I knov? that my notions are shared by any consider?le pallon ol'any par ty. Theneoole oi the United States feel in stinclively that they are going wrong, but they are told that lt will be dangerous to re? trace their steps. They know that the path upon which they have entered is beset with pitfalls; but even a bad pass is better than the precipice. The sweep of reaction is stayed by the dread of revolution. The policy ol shrewd Democrats, and the ditty ol good citizens, ls to dispel this; apprehension, no malter how fool? ish lt maj seem to them. Short of honor and 2ood fain, no sacrifice should be deemed severe wMch would suffice to lay that haunt? ing specti e. For that reason I deplore the halting, hesitating step with which tile Democ? racy Is sneaking up to its Inevitable position. For this cause I share your regret at the studious ambiguity wldch seems to search for a sallyport through which to ttodge ila desti? ny. And while I better like the spirit, I equal? ly condemn the policy of those who only pro Claimed their purpose of revolution. Stich in? dications of sentiment annoy me, simply tie cause they prolong a situation fraught with great danger lo the dearest interests ol' us all. The dominant party can retain a power which has grown loo jrreat for the public welfare only by ao indefinite extension ol' the moral condiiions ol" the civil wur. The Republican organization can rally to no cry but a slogan and conquer under no standard but a spear. Thal party need? strife to insure Us success, but good feeling is necessary for good gov? ernment. Now, the hostility to the fiflhtcenth amend? ment ls the stock in-trade ol" the fomentera ol' slrile; is it worth gratifying ai the risk of perma? nent subjection? The South ls galled to-day not by the presence of that amendment to the cons? titution, but by the inter absence of the consii itulon i'self. They feel a Congress which as? saults th'm, but they find nu constitution lo protect them. Is lt not silly, then, io squab? ble about an amendment which would cease to be obnoxions If it was not detached from its context ! Ills quibbling upon a technicality of law and relinquishing the substance* of liberty. The constitution was struck down by Hie as? sault upc n Sumter, and all constitutions must necessar ly fall before the lace of the supreme arbitrament ol war. It can never be lilted up while war is flagrant. The people will never resign the atiiiude ol' hostile vigilance, which ls the reid significance of the present admin? istration until they know that no one ol their wa? trouhies ls longer disputed. Then they will gladly resume the habits which they love and the good nature which they repress. What, ihen, ls the meaning ol' the grotesque contortions of those who proless a fondness for camels and yet strain so lantastlcally at this gnat ! for Hie essence of all Democracy ls equality-nothing but Ide equality of all men bet?re the law-equal and exact justice to every mun, and eacn to share in the govern? ment ot ill. That ls the only genuine Demo? cratic doctrine. But who dares face an intel? ligent people, .vith that testimony upon his Ups, and denounce a measure which is too Democratic for Democrats, only because the enfranchised are tracks ? Surely, the North? ern Democracy should not be forced into such stupidities by the conscientious scruples ol' Iheir Southern brethren. Deference ls doubt? less dut: to their constituiional qualms, and yet some lenity towards revoniuoucry pro? cesses o? amendment might be reasonably expected lrom supporters ot secession. Il we can condone the lault, ls il loo much to ask paroled prisoners of war to pardon il '< No ! You have given our cry "Universal amnesty and universal suffrage.'' I would only add, the constitutional Union ol' the States. For ihe old Constitution ls justas good os ever il was, lor South as well as North, In spile ol' the marxs ot the mailed hand which must re? main upon it for a warning to those that come after us. There is nothing in it now which is not perfectly compatible with the happiness, welfare and liberty of all the people ol' all lite Slates. It is only the ad ministration that is at fault, lt ls the interpretaiion which is violent. Do you Imagine that Thomas Jefferson, do yuu think that James Madison, would say their old organic frame permits a protective tariff or paper money; authorizes national banks or Preside iiial diplomacy; countenances military tribunals, centralization, and the crowning and perfect iulamy of the Ku-KIux bill ? lt never was :he constitution which invaded or conquered a Stale; it is not the constitu? ion which oppresses ihe States. It was war, civil war. Close the war, and you restore self-gov? ernment to the people of the States. Il they cannot secure their own peace aud happiness, let us look around next year, uoi for Ihe next President, but the first dictaior. Now, il you or any other man doubts the Soundness ol my judgment in this inaner, all 1 ask isa true Democratic administration, and you shall nee il for yourself. Yours, very respectfully. Jons Q. ADAMS. NEWS EIC O H WASHINGTON. WASHINGTON, May 2J. Anthony wus selected as presiding officer ol' the Seaale in place ol Collas, who seut the Senate a note saying he will not be able io preside during the remainder or the session. The Seoate vent into executive session on Ihe treaty. Coif ix is easier to-day. though very weak, and requiring caro. His ailment is paralysis ol' the nerves ol' ihe heart. It is considered rather serious. There were no Southern nominations to-day. THE EXOLISH TI RE. LONDON, May 23. The Epsom summer meeting commenced this week. The Derby occurs to-morrow. Therenre fifteen sinners, and thc belting is immense with seven to lour against Bothwell. . T/2J? KU-KLUX IN DARLINGTON. IHore Missives fi om the Gi uinl Cyclops? Thc Columbia Union, a paper which seems :o have suspiciously intimate relations with :he Grand Cyclops and his subord?nate friends, arings us the following intelligence lrom Dar? lington County : On Friday nighl last, a large noiico, e;u bracing he names ol' thc couuty officers and ai"the postmaster, was posted np on the iront 9f the postoffice, but was torn down early in the morning by thu town marshal. Saturday morning tho following named officers receiv? ed notices, similar to the one s'-nl to .Mr. Lunney, appended hereto. Those notices were orders to rusten their positions forth? with, aud were directed lo John Lunney, Jona? than Wright, county treasurer; John G." Gal Un, chniruian of the board of couuty commission? ers; Clayton Cannon, county commissioner; Jordan Lang and Samuel Keith, representa? tives io the General Assembly; Jamos M. brown, Jr., judge ol probate", and J. S. Fille brown, county auditor. The order io Mr. Lunney, tho postmaster, is as follows: K. li. K. llEAriQCARTERS SlST DIVISION. SPECIAL ORDERS: I. Jo in Lunney, you are ordered r> resign the sfllce ofPostnidBier forthwith. II. Let one notice suiUce-tlie eye or tlie Klan ia ipoa yon-fur when we COME our errami will bc DEATH. Ky order ol" ? R. ll. K.. 0> Z., A. A. C. '? Comd'g. LAST DAYS OF THE COMMUNE THE FOLLIES OF THE RULING VAN? DALS. Terrible Scenes-Bismarck'* Tub lo the Alsatian Whale-The Consommation at Hand-Cluseret and llossel-Coneo laiion for Typos-The Place V-.-ndome Madness- Siege Topics. [FKOii our. ow:; CORRESPONDENT.; PAR??, May C. The dreadful artillery dialogue continues, and the mitrailleur reports fall like the blows ol a sledge hammer on an anvil. Houses are demolished with an unsparing rapidity and impartiality, Hr03 break ont with a sud? denness which is appalling, and an intensity that laughs at subjection. Brothers dispute the ground inch by inch, struggle hilt lo hilt, aud fraternize only in death. The soil trembles under the roar of cannon, it is the '.earthquake year" for Pais, and a gentleman from Peru has assured me he imagines often he is in his own country. Deputation after deputation passes between the combatants, but each replies, "No surrender." M. Thiers pursues his blood and iron policy, resolved to bombard Paris into national ?Iraternity; the Federals being equally determined to keep him outside the city, where they lorced him more than six weeks ago. France leels she is slip ping\away from the sympathy of loreign na? tions, but which reserve for her a profouud pity. The bulletins of the civil war shock, and in any case the conquerors must have their wreaths, not in laurels, but in cypress. Like another Mephistophiies, Prince Bis? marck appears on tue scene in this "light tor the Commune,'' by prominently assuring Hie new Germans ot Alsace and Lorraine they shall have full "Communal" rights. II. ls a lempiation almost powerful enough, to l.iduce Parisians lo euiigrule lo those nappy lands. By the by, as a phase of vital statistics, it would be'iuter.isting to know how many in? habitants of the conquered territory-have left, In order to remain French, rather than Ger? mans, against their will. M. Picard, who, us home minister, an? nounces to ihe Assembly the progress of Mc? Mahon, assures us thai "this lime the Insur? rection in Purls approaches Its end." Few in the eily cnn discover the evidence lor such as? sertion*, although then! are lew who do not long for such a consummation. We have heard this assurance so often, i hat ll is now ranked among "the positively last nights" of the theatres, or the "final farewells" of popular artistes. Moral rather than physical force should conquer Paris; If otherwise, the dissen? sions and conspiracies that will arise after tho victory will prove more fatal to France than Hie timely concession of allowing Paris io elect her own mayor, dhvci her own munici? pal agents and police, and decide upon hi-r civic expenditure. Grant her these, M. Thiers, or at least offer them to her, and the capital cnn be talked over to an arrangement. But the Republic must be maintained at the same lime, or the question of this form of sovern-' ment fully and fairly submitted to the ' nailon Your present Assembly is a conclave of mou nrchical factions and faint-hearted Republi cans-the former too disunited to Impose its saints on the"country, and wanting the pluck to overthrow what They cannot replace; the lauer are more interested in number oue, which constituted the be-all, and the end-all of Guizot's politics. Thiers will be swallowedoip in victory. He is hated by the Legitimists, and v'ewed with compassion by the Orlean isis; the Republicans accept him as he avows himself to be one of theirs, with the confidence lo be expected from a convert who has spent the psalmist's span of lile in waging war to everything Republican, and whose zeal for ihe new faith is limited lo showing that to be a Republican is the most serious disqualification for offices ot trust. Jt ls not Republicans that are mnde~prefe*cts, ambassadors and generals and that ls not a Republican Assembly which demands Hie return of Henry Hie Fifth, com pensation for the creatures displaced by the fall of their second empire, and declines to practically grapp e with the practical wants o Paris. The municipal elections have been a poiltl cal event. Classily Hie results into as many party divisions as China does her mandarins' the broad fact remains, it ls n Republican vic lory, and an overwhelming claim that hence lorihin the elections for the Assembly the towns must be distinctly represented. No city In France with a population over 20,000 can appoint its mayor. The government re? serves Ihe right of having the chief magistrate as its local wire-puller. But the towns are about uniting to possess this right, which will complete their municipal franchises. They will wo :!: in ? Ith thc capital to have il placed on a similar fooling. The Commune does not gain sense by length ol days, nor wisdom from past follies universally condemned. It is constant only lo fighting. For the ninth or tenth lime lt lias recast its executive, and we have at lost tho committee of public safety, ol live mern bers, with Felix Pyat as first fiddle. The name is bad, as il recalls the terrible convention of '92. and the days ol Fauquier, Thlonvllle and St. Just. However, lt clues not liighten peo? ple, uor ls lhere reason to suppose lt meaiis to i in DUO its hands in blood, simply because it would be at once swept away. It will watch over the generals and administrators, and luke cognizance of the Du mun riez ana Cus tines. As its army is not likely lo march imo the bowels of any land, no travelling guillotine will be required: besides, the guillotine ls no longer the mode. The Commune devours a commander-in-chief once st lorlnight. lu prcponion as u general lulls, thu average will Increase. Cluseret yesterday Rosso! to-morrow. It is a f-ybtem of naitiral selection, of the survival of Hie flt lest. Tile most singular thing ubout Cluserei's tumble is Unit no one knows exactly Hie cause of il. Thc journals that offered incense io him a lew weeks a::o describe him as a beautiful nullify, and that, instead ol' organizing everything in three (luya, he took three weeks lo disorganize nil. I think De had loo much cuminon sense lor his task-masters. Having become a nain* ralized American, treated ii prejudice against him, ?ind the affair ol the Fort of Issy, where ho was expected to foresee a punic among Its defenders, was only the occasion to cast him aside. A Frenchman cati understand ihe sub? jects ol every country, from Indus to the pole, becoming it naturalized Frenchman, but ihe contrary strikes him as being contrary to the law ol''nat ure. His successor, Rossel, is but twenty-six years of age and has qualms about the greatness thrust upon him. He ls slender, ot middle height, pale and very blonde. His manner ls cold and reserved. Like Dom browskl and Pulladiue, bu wears glasses, and, as Cluseret, prefers a biily cock-bat ami mufti to a kepi and regimentals. Ile hold office underGainuuttn, soiiels doubly disquali? fied to associate with the Bonapurtist officers, wiio form the Swiss Guards of our present Cominonwculih. He is aman of great. Intel? ligence, activity and resolution-a kind of military Puritan. Pernaps we have our '.Young Nap leon" at last, 'tis enemies ac? cus'- bim of being "ambitious,'' bul Bruins Is au honorable: mun. The comics man, ii this be he, must look sharp, as the Yorsailllais are uncommonly near. The committee oi public safuty lins undoubt? edly stimulated Ibo execution ol affairs. It \> iii save ihe Commune from being laughed ai, owing to ils squabbles, and ihe body from dis? respect, by seeing its pr?sident so ollen culled lo order. Ordinary matters will be left to Hie ciiy parliament to dispose ul, such as p?titions. Upwards of five thousand printers sent a me? morial to the Commune, alleging Uley were reducidlo misery hythe suppression of the journals. Thc only uuswerlhey received was, the order to pul out two more liglns, and since, another newspaper has disappeared. The subject of burning the dead, instead ol in? terring them, is to bu entertained. We are more interested in the question, il we arc lo be but ned alive; but judging from the respect holli private property and persons have up to the present been treated willi, no barm can de? signedly be anticipated. Thi- plankings is going np thal :s to seule the fall of the Ven? dome column, and heaps ol lan, slr iw, &c, are being collecied to break the full ol Hie bronze and stone. The 8th of May is fixed for ibis iconoclastic festival. All other personal, imperial or royal souvenirs will at the same lime disappear. The calling of the railway companies to pay Ihelr arrears of taxes weekly ls u H-ue "?)ud" for the Commune, that may exclaim with Mr. Squeers-"Here's richness." The Bank ol France is to be airain called on for a loan. It has escaped wonderfully well, and what ad? vances lt has made have been secured by treasury or municipal scrip. The Freemasons, rather than freemasonry, have cut a scrry figure during the last lew days, by a "manifestation" in favor ol the Commune, and the delegates were rewarded by a snubbing lrom Thiers. The Grand Lodge af France has protested in this mixing tip of j Lite Institution with politics. But it is no secret, one of the drawbacks of Masonic lodge pleasures, In this country, Is the invariable in? dulgence in political talk. The placing of the Danners on tho ramparts was intended to awe the Turcos into peace, but "Brother" General Uontaudon's batteries did not relax their fire; much ol'the bunting has beert shot away, and ;he guardians of the standards also, ll'the jrothers only keep up the supply of fresh men -.about filly a day-the sons of harmony in Paris will soon become beautifully less. The jfflcers ol the National Guard, at present, wear Masonic Insignia over their uniforms. Parisians Believe there are too many for signers- Poles-In command of the Federals, ind may lead to some difficulty when tlie time ?ornes for laying down arms. The only new eaiure I observe in this c?tt? dolente ls that ?very one seems to carry a revolver, or brace )f ibetn, and clients on coming into restau? rants to meals hang np their "case" with as nuch trwouscitmce as their hat Several "sud len deaths" have occurred in consequence Chere is a diminution in the curious to visit he "shell-practice" in ihe Champs Elysees. The seekers ol' strong sensation congregate tnder the Triumphal Arch. A few days ago lt Valerien sent a shell thut shook the struc ure and scattered the crowd. Mitrailleurs md light mountain guns are being hoisted up >n the monument, which may be considered is doomed. There are no.offlcial returns published now ts to the health of Paris-the time ls for brlng ug about deaths only, not recording them. Juwrvar, a well-known medical authority has ?surr 1 me the sanitary condition of tlie city s good, that pulmonary affections, caused by ha siege, are ihe most commonly fatal cases, md that a general state of anemia and ner .otiB exhaustion-that every one who runs :an read in the features of the people-is the iredoini haling character of all illness, and hat existing circumstances only aggravate. Ihe ambulances are' vast charnel houses, he hospitals crowded with the wonnd :d, the dyiug and the dead. Two cases >f death are reported from mortification, he result of the sling from flies, which ire supposed lo have found their way rom the battle-fields, where ile the half-buried >ruve. Carbolic acid in what the Prussian nedlcal staff recommends when the skin is so junciured. It dries up the part at once, 'aris is lull ot dangers. Another practice, noble none sense, but perilous in another, Is the ?ablt thal each battalion ol the National ?uards has, of bringing in for burial, when they ire relieved, those ol their comrades who lave been killed some days belcre. Two or nore carts, covered with laurels, indicate their ?onients. The supply ol fresh meat, vegeta? tes and fruit is very lair. It is not clear what s meant by sending up balloons to scatter ad? resses over France. There is not an act or proclamation of the Commune but is scrupu ously reprinted In full by the provincial press: md though Journals cannot enter Paris, St. 3enis is close by, with its half-way house for etlers and newspapers. After a time anxiety ibout public affairs disappears, and in the same proportion increases the desire for family or rlendly news. In addition, strangers are tree o leave, which takes away the romance of the .investment." The ramparts intra muros are being erected it a rapid rate, thanks to Pere Gui Hard, by rade a shoemaker, and now barricade engl ieer-In-chief since Rochefort has resigned. It s very remarkable Hie number of the sons of 5t. Crispin who fill high office under every re rolutiou-^-even to statesmanship; In the city, hey are ever foremost lu devouring newspa? pers. The barricades are in apple-pie order, ifter the trenches in iront; the finishing siroke s to deposit the torpedoes. Some experiments ire going on with rockets or petroleum bomb.?, nit the result is not known. The flghtli.-g is ?Hil of the same desultory character-Fort Issy peing taken and retaken with the red Hag si ill vavlug over" its" ruins; and ii? expiring agonies. | ;ven prwing a terror for the Versalllists. There ls room to undertake the grand assault 1'Thiers but makes up his mind for the sacri ice. There la no other means visible to termi late the quarrel but wading through blood. The quantity will be lessened by finishing with ikirmishes. MIND ASI) MATTER. the Brain the Origin of Thought, Intellect, or .Hine! ? [From the Medical Press and Circular.] This is a most interesting question, well vorthy the study ol the psychologist. There s, indeed, much to prove that lt is the origin it the mind, or as some psychologists put it, he brain secretes thought somewhat in the ame manner as any gland in the body per? oras its I'uncUon ot'secretion, regarding thu trey cells ol the brain In the light of secreting eland cells, their luncllon being to secrete bought. But here a difficulty at once presents I sell; namely, from whence do they gather, or rom what element do they eliminate the con it Huent ol'thought, so as to produce mind or ntellect ? For, if the analogy hold good, here must be some element from which these :clls gather the constituents ol' thought. We ?now' the kidneys eliminate urea from the ilood, thc liver, bile, the salivary glands their lecullar serectlon, and so ol' nil the glands ol' he body. But we see that these several sc itvilons and excretions pre-existed in the iving blood, it may be in a different Jorm. tut, nevertheless, their constituents were here, and were only brought togeiher and diminated lrom thence by these glands. So vlico we say the liver forms bile, the kidneys. I rea, Ac, we do not meatilhal they eliminate hem from tb" blood. So following out Hie malogy that the brain cells secrete thought, again put the qnestlou: ..F'rom whence do hey gather the elements el that thought some will at once reply, from Hie immaterial ?riuciple ol Hie mind. This bri riga us io what .I believe" is the generally received opinion lamely, thal mind is au immaterial principle.; mt if il be an i m material principle howls it hat you cannot destroy the brain without leetroying Hie intellect aa well ! Thns in ap iplexy, or any case where lhere ls an elut? ion ol blood, or other fluid, to any great ex ent, the individual becomes unconscious. Ton may objeel thal this is owing to ihe ?hock lo the unimal hie, and not specially re erable lo the brain. Well, we have stronger proof's. Look at a man intoxicated witii aico 101. Tili- first effects are lo quicken t he iinagl ?atlon, and Induce a freer How ol' Lhought. ts'he mun takes more he becomes dull and leavy, and If he lakes mot e still he becomes .ntlrely unconscious. He appears to have osi all power ol' thought and intellect. Does lot this show Hiat the alcohol, aciiog on the uaterial brain, affects Hie mind-in the end leeming lo deslruy it ? And thal ic is the ilculiol aciiug ou the brain is proved beyond i doubt by examining Hie bruin of those pois iiicd willi whiskey or braniP, orin theex letiincuts performed on dogs by giving them i couple, of drachms ol pure alcohol, which ?his them instantaneously, and iminediaiely ?pening Hie head and examining Hie brain, rite pure alcdiol can be distilled therefrom, ihowiug wliut an uffiuity il has for Hie brain, iud how quickly il is absorbed by the stomach. ?Ve have a.still stronger proof of Hie brain be? ug thc originator ol thought in Hie pniholo^ ?al condition of soltening of ihui organ, tad" which, at the same lime, also noves Ihe exact part ol' Hie brain vliich is Hie seal ol intellect, coniinnlng tiller proolS deduced from experiments made in animals, birds and reptiles, which it would te quite superfluous to go into. From these experiments it ls clearly shown thai me corii al or grey structure on tire outside ol the ?rain is~Hie" seat of thought. We say is "Die eat ol' thought," assuming the braiu to be so dr the present. Well, now pursuing this bread of the subject, we Hud where soltening :oir.metices In the central white substance ot he cerebrum that the intellect is in no way listurbed at first; bul we may have, and if the lisease progress to hoy considerable extent viii have, paralysis-"hemiplegia most ??Rely." f the soltening proceed downwards, and al? ack the cerebellum and medulla oblongaia, he patient may die wilhoul his Intellect being il. all affected; but if the disease proceed up vards. and extend to the cortical or grcy'struc ure. Hie intellect becomes very soon engaged )n the other hand, it the disease comuietices ii the cortical portion, the intellect becomes fleeted at once, prior to any symptoms of par alysia. When I U3e the word softening, I mean chronic softening, as contra-distinguished from acute inflammatory softeninsr. in which these effects are not art distinct and clear, though they can be perceived by close observation. I have a patient Just now In care who I consider has chronic softening of the' orain, involving principally the cortical portion, and he pre? sents symptoms in accordance with the above. He complains of dull, aching pain in his head, loss of memory, an inability to fix the mind vigorously upon any subject, or to pur? sue any lengthened train of thought, thc in? tellect becoming, as it were, wearied and seem? ingly unable to sustain any great mental exer? tions. Yet he has no paralysis of either sensation or motion, except some symptoms of amauro? sis, indicating involvement of the optic discs. Now, does not all this go to prove that the cor? tical portion of the brain is the origin ot Intel? lect ? You may still reply, no; lt only proves that the brain cells being disorganized or destroyed, are no longer capable of per? forming (heir function of secreting thought from the immaterial mind, which is there as perfect as ever, and unharmed by disease of | the material substance. If the mind be an Im? material principle, then we may look upon the brain as the medium or instiument through which lt is rendered manliest to the external world. This is the view Watson .takes ol it and many others. People also generally regard the mina and soul as Identical. If they were, then of course thal would settle the question as to the brain being the origin of mind. It could not be, for then it must be the origin of the soul. But that is impossible, an the Drain is de? stroyed at death, but the soul lives on for ever. That which is mortal could not be the origin of that which is immortal. SPAIN AND BER KINO. MADRID, May 22. To-day's session in the Spanish Congress was exceedingly stormy. The Radicals presented a resolution for the establishment of a Repub? lic: the Carlists submitted a motion declaring the election of King Amadeus void, and Don Carlos, of Spain, the rightful King. The dis? cussion was long and excited, but they finally adjourned without a vote upon either propo? sition. LOUISIANA AXD E'ER DEBT. NKW ORLEANS, May 1Z. The Supreme Court recognizes the constitu? tional limitation of the Slate debt. This de? cision validates obligations contracted prior to the adoption of the constitutional amendment, limiting Hie State debt, Including about six millions to New Orleans, M.obllc and Texas Railroad; it excludes the Statehouse and nu? merous other State liabilities, assumed by the Legislature since its adoption. THE PROSPECT FOR COTTONt Bine News from the West. [From the Memphis Avalanche, May 17.1 Crop advices, per mails of yesterday and to-1 day, are the most discouraging vet received, and point to reduced estimates ol cotton pro? duction this season, and perhaps* higher prices. In sections of Tennessee, Mississippi and Arkansas, the crop ls In a wretched plight, oh account of the late cold rains, and in a great many cases is being ploughed up, while, lo make malters woree, planters are out ot seed, and if they had any, it is now almost too late to effect anything through replanting. The followiug letter to one of our prominent cotton houses is Iroin one ol the most success? ful and practical planters on the Arkansas River, and may be relied upon as giving a cor? rect statement of the situation in that Impor? tant section : .'PINE BLUFF, Ark., May 12,1871. ''Messrs. Nelson Jb Titus: ..GENTLEMEN-I have just received ray ac? count to date, but have not taken time to ex? amine it yet, for I am so badly bothered about the prospect of a crop. The cotton that ls np is all dying in the field, and the worst of it is that the farmers have not the seed to plant again, so that the most of them will be compel? led to plant their entire crop In corn. I have seed enough to plant my crop again, but I do not know of any one else as well fixed in that respect. I have been over the river to-day looking ai the cotton. The stand is gone. I weht over Mr. Stewart's crop' and Scull & Lankford's crop. They will be compelled to plant attain, and neither have seed. I don't think they will be able to get seed at any price. I am very sorry for Scull & Lankford, lor they had a good prospect a few days ago lor a big crop. "I hardly know what to say about selling my cotton, lor I think with the present prospect lt will be compelled to advance Ina short time. If you can conveniently hold on for a while longer before selling my cotton, I would esteem it a great favor. "Yours, very respectfully, "SAM REEDER." The writer of the foregoing made 500 bales last season, and has made money, or come out at least even ou every crop since the war. We state this as bearing upon his practical knowl? edge of planting, and also to show thai he has no fears as regards advances in giving a true statement of affairs. He is also anything but sensational, and we may coil attention lo the apparent earnestness and truthfulness of his communication. Previous to the war he was an overseer. Of like character and experi? ence are the neighbors to whom ho refers, who bad respectively 400 and 900 acres lu cot? ton last, season. Intelligence similar to the above reaches us to-day from farms on the old Raleigh road and oilier localities near this city, as well as from places in several adjoin? ing counties. Concerning liie situation in Mississippi, we print the following from the Pauolu Star ot the Illili instant : "The heavy rains of Monday nif-ht again caused the creeks to over/low their banks and to keep the rivers up at their already hlj. water state. The injury done to the conon crop bv the rains aud ihe severe cold weather of the last two weeks is considerable, and we hear general complaint among the fanners of | the injury to iheir colton crops. The cotton ls dying out very rapidly, and but poor stands Will be felt, as ll is now loo late lo replant cot? ton to secure a good yield, and we have never seen such poor prospect tor a cotton crop in ten years, and with ihe almost certain pest of lice "thai usually follow cold spells, wc can but have a gloomy prospect lor the production of Hie staple this year. It is an admitted fact that there never has been two consecuiive yeurs that there was large yields of colton In ihe history of cotton culture In the 8outh, and arguing upon this rule and the present pros? pect, we must conclude that a very r-mall yield will be made this year. We heard one old farmer say, a lew day3 since, thal he believed thal the late rains aiid cold weather was sent as a curse upou the people lor so persistently atlempliiig to raise large crops ol cotton lo ihe exclusion of gruiu. Time will prove whether the old gentleman was correct or not, but we believe that some kind ol a curse should be visited npon our people for their ruinous system ol' planting since the war, and teach them a lesson that tho baukruptcy of j 18l?7-*70 failed to do." T HE FOUNTAIN .SYRINGE. SELF ACTING.-NO PUMPING.-NO AIR DEJECTED. The best universal SYRINGE In the market it is recommended by the tlrst Physicians of thc country. lt ls so simple that lt cannot get ont of order. There are no valves, ana nothing that witf cor? rode. One will last a life time. Dr. JOS. H. WARREN, an eminent Phlslclan. o: Husum writes to the manufacturers: ' "From the fact of us stn. p'Mty and correct principle in thc structure or yor?i -Fountain Sy? ringe,' and for the easy manipulation, practicable result, and comfort to the patient, 1 have recom? mended this instrument extensively." The Profession ure invited to cali and examine the apparatus. For sale, wholesale and retail, by Dr. H. BA ER, So. 131 Meeting street, maySO Agent for South Carolina. A R N E R ' S IODO FORM W AND IRON PILLS. For sale by UH. H. BAER, janis No. 131 Meeting street. ?runo pci^c Distribution. $500,000 TO BE GIVEN AWAY! The undersigned have entered into an Association for the purpose of introducing immigrants into - South Carolina and procnrlng home 1 for the same. They propose to establish Agencies In the principal Cities of Europe and the North and Northwest, and assist Immigrants in coming to our Sta'e, where they will nive homes provided, and aid them In becoming permanent settlers upon the soil. They will be able to offer the best Cotton, Grain and Truck Land in the healthy portions or the State, at very low prices, and on long credit, enabling the purchaser to pay for the same ont of the crops raised. They will also assist Immigrants, wten necessary, to transportation and subsistence for the first year. ctrcuiars will be prepared and distributed, explaining onr plans more in detail. Central Office, ACADEMY OF MUSIC, CORNER KING AND MARKET STREETS, Oharieston? South Carollna< BUTLER, CHADWICK, GABY & CO. References in South Carolina : General WADE HAMPTON, Don. B. F. PERRY; Governor M. L. BONHAM, General JOHNSON HAGOOD, Bon. ARMISTEAD BURT, Hon. JAMES CH ESN UT, General JOHN S. PRESTON, Hon. W. D. SIMPSON, ANDREW SIMOND5, Esq., Hon. G. A. TREK HOLM, Governor J. L MANNING, Hon. J. B. CAMPBELL. References in New York City : AUGUST BELMONT A CO., Bankers. MORTON, BL'SS A co., Bankers. Hon. CHARLES O'OONOR, Connwellor-at-Law. Hon. IOHN E. WARD, Counaellor-at-Law. . Hon. ROGER A. PRU OP., Counsellor-at-Law. Colonel RICHARD LATHERS. . T. A. HOYT, Esq., President Gold Room. HU.ST, THOMPSON A CO., Factors. ANDERSON, STARR k CO., Merchants. PETTUS k CO., Merchants, ? .F. ZOG BAUM A FAIRCHILD, Merchants. $500,000 TO BE AWARDED TO THE TICKET-HOLDERS OF THE SERIES OF CONCERTS TO COMMENCE ON THE FIRST OF OCTOBER, 1871, AT THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC, CHARLESTON, S. C., ON WHICH.DA Y THE DRAWING COMMENCES. THE SOUTH CAROLINA LAND AND IMMIGRATION ASSOCIATION, UNDER THE AUSPICES of the "South Carolina State Agricultural and Mechanical Society," will give a series of Concerts at the Academy or Music, Charleston, S. C., commencing October 1st, ian, for the purpose of raising a innd to enable Emigrants to settle upon lands selected by the Association for Homes ol Northern and European Farmers and others, in the State or South Carolina, And for their transportation thither and support for the first year. 150,000 SEASON TICKETS OF ADMISSION, AND NO MORE, AT FIVE DOLLARS EACH. ALL THE PREMIUMS, INCLUDING DEED AND CERTIFICATE C TITLE TO ACADEMY OF MUSIC, wm be deposited with the National Bank or the Republic, New York. $500,000 IN GIFTS ! 1st Girt-ACADEMY OF MUSIC, diaries ten, S. C., ces: to build $230,0)0, having an annual rental or about $20,000, from Ope. a House, Stores and Halls; the budding being about 230 feet by 60 feet, and situated corner or King and Market streets, in the centre of the city, anti well known to be the finest building and most valuable property in Charleston, valued ai.'.$260,000 2d Gift-Cash.../. 100,000 Dd Gift-Cash. 26,000 4th Gift-Cash./.. 10,000 5th Gift-cash. . 6,00? 25 Gifts-Cash-^ach $1000. 26,000 25 Gif ts-Cash-each $500. 12,590 350 Gifts-Cash-each $100 . 36,000 250 Gift s-Cash-each $50. 12,600 600 Gifts-Cash-each $25. 12,600 1250 Gilts-Cash-each $10. 12,600 2404 Girts, amounts to.$600,000 BUTLER, ?HADWICK, GARY & CO., . Agents S. C. Land and Immigration Association, General M. C. BUTLER, ) JOHN CHADWICK, ISsq.. \- CHARLESTON, S. C. General M. W. GARY, AGENTS WANTED-LIBERAL COMMISSIONS ALLOWED. _^-0 Commissioners and Supervisors of Drawing: General A. R. WRIGHT, of Georgia. General BRADLEY T. JOHNSON, of Virginia. Colonel B. H. BOTLBDGB, of South Carolina. Hon. ROGER A. PRYOR, ol New York. -0 A PAIR AND COMMENDABLE SCHEME I CHARLESTON. S. O., May -, 1871. We take pleasure in certifying thav, we are acquainted with General M. C. BUTLER,JOHN CHADWICK, Esq., and Genera'. M. W. GAItY, or the Arm of BUTLER, CHADWICK, GARY A CO., and know t?em to be gentlemen or Integrity, and we regard the object they have of assisting Immigrants to homes in South Carolina or great importance to the State as well as to the immigrants; and we have every confidence that their enterprise will be carried out wAh ralrnes3 and honesty to all par ties concerned. I. W. HAYNS. A. G. MAG KATH, THOS. Y. SIMONS, HENRY BUIST, W1LUOT G. DsSAUSSURE, GEO. A. TRENHOLM, B. H. RUTLEDGE, JAMES CONNEK, JAMES R. PKINGLE. ayi3-3mos