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BY CLINESGALE m i IN THE ACCOMPANIED BY j|&SVSL;OAN, 1 AYING jast returned from the Eaat* yej^Mtxitta, whore they spent a long while Sin search of? Now take pleasure in stating that we k never bought a Stock of Goods more to ^ bar own satisfaction than we did this ;;? \ . . . ? .. time. In our opinion, we can Bhow not ?only? The. Largest, . Handsomest, And most Varied " spring stock Ever offered on this market, but talcing yQTJALITY of material into considera tion ByFariClieapst! DRESS; GOODS, every Style, Color and Texture, ;^ Including Challiea, "Henriettas, Brillian .V'itihe^'/JII?hairs, SilkB, . Satins, Yelveis, v&t?ena and White G?cds, world withqiit ' end. In fact, all the NEW GOODS, in every imaginable Bhade that the markets ^afford. :Oor Stock of? Is replete with all this reason's Novel ^^Sties, including Persian Baud Embrqide |||pf ries;> Braids tof all kinds?Silver,: Gold and Hercules, in different!; shades." Also, those new and beautiful Felt and Braid ^fefmmiiigs combined, as well as Gaimps r and Garnitures of every description, "'" Never before has it been our good fortune to run upon such a handsome, tasty and elegant lot of Buttons as we jnve now waiting your inspection, . Don't forget that as we were the first to introduce those soft-finish, elegant D?ESS LININGS,' we stfll give this line our personal attention, . MISS MALLililLEU Continues her DRESS MAKING In our Establishment, and is better pre? pared than ever before to fill, in a thor? ough and stylish manner, all orders entrusted to her. A full and carefully selected? STOGK OF HOSIERY, Hankerchiefs, Gloves and Parasols. In ; Laces and .Mull Embroideries we defy : ~ V. competition. As usual we take the? Of every description. We have had exceptional advantages in buying this year. We begin with our leader?a nice chade Hat, in black and white, at'20c. .'. Staying late enough to attend all the retail openings, we are not only laden ^ with; the most beautiful and stylish Goods ever shown hero, but have a thor V [? ough knowledge of how to manipulate % them. . So that with stylish Shapes, f;^ beautiful Flowers, airy Laces and en? trancing Ribbons, the latest French and -Naw York fashions, and above all THE : LOWEST PRICES ever offered, we are ' .bound to bring joy to the hearts of our many customers, old and new. Very respectfully, : ' R. S. HILL. S&LANGSTON. TE}A?H$r$'?0LUMN, rfe^ All Communications intended for this Column should be addressed to D. H. RUSSELL, School Commissioner, Ander? son, S. C. Blackstock S. 0., April 29,1889. Mr. Editor : Although separated from my native County by many weary miles, I feel the deepest interest in her, and especially in her teachers, and to-day while you all are enjoying the meeting of the Teachers' Association I am think? ing how I would enjoy being one of the number. Hope there is a full attend* ance.' I have just returned from a trip to the "city by the sea," and it is useless to say I enjoyed it, for' yon who have been there know what a treat is in store for those contemplating a similar trip. I will not intrude on your premises, Mr. Editor, by going into details of the pleasing Bights and Bounds that I enjoyed. But I must mention my trip to Fort Snmter, as I had never been" there before. We boarded the Sappho and eet out on our voyage abont 10 o'clock a. m. Everything was favorable for a fine sail, and the ride on the water was delightful. Butlol when we came within about two hundred yards of the Fort,. Sappho refused to go any further, on the plea that the water wasn't deep enough for her, it being low tide. ? After getting this near we were determined to go on if possible. A row-boat comes to our rescue, but we can only go in small companies, and now "pull for the shore" in earnest. After reaching tho Fort I felt more than repaid, for you have a fine view here. A lone family live here, who seemed rejoiced to Bee new faces, and were prond to show us around, On our return the tide was coming in, and the great breakers seemed sometimeseas if they would capsize our noble little vessel. Strange to say, I felt no alarm, though that was because I knew the water ma shallow. We reached Sappho in perfect safety, and started for terra firma again. I must say something in. regard to the schools I visited. We went first to the Courtenay school, which is in charge of Prof. J. A. Finger, formerly of William? ston, S. 0. The building is a large four story house; the boys and girls are in. separate departments, except in the Pri? mary class. We only had time to glance into "each recitation room, but were favorably impressed with all we saw. We next visited the Shaw school (color? ed.)'- I was perfectly amazed at their proficiency; heard some fine einging. On several of the blackboards were "drawings showing wonderful skill by some of the pupils. We were shown into one of the recitation rooms where a class in Mathematics was being taught. They seemed to master , the subject. I was told there were 1011 pupils in the Shaw school. We next proceeded to the Meminger school, a fine school for young .ladies who contemplate teaching. Sorry we haven't time to spend here, but mnst hasten home. I am afraid M.?. Editor is looking sour at me for tress.oasaiog bo long. With best wishes to you all, I am your friendp - ' Lelia. Bbotous. - '' ' ' ? . / The hourly prayer of every true teacher is, "Lord make-me apt to teach." Any teacher that does not aspire to be a betier teacher day by day, is no teacher. Again, those, who do strive to bo better teachers will reach the end' they " aim at. Here is a type of two-thirds of the teachers at work to-day on priceless souls: a "good scholar," familiar, with the "higher branches," not "good in gov? ernment" her pupils "do not like to come to school," and they-"hate to get lessons." A very common picture that, is it not ? This one is in earnest, you see. She sees these defects and wants to remedy them. There are many who see defects bnt who do not try to remedy them? that is, very .much. They usually lay the faults on the pupils?they are "thick-headed," they are "low bred," they have "no gumption," they have "no interest; or "parents are Bet against me," or they "don't help" me; they don't care about "having their children educated," etc. This teacher is in earnest to improve; she has made one step?she believes it is possible to improve. Yes, she has made two steps; she believes that the fault lies | with herself; that is the first and great step. Yes, the most encouraging feature is the admission that the fault lies with her and not with her pupils or patrons. We believe from this fact, that P. M. L. will, it she takes the right course, become just as successful as she wishes to be. But what shall she do ? ? Now it cannot be said tl.at tho Science and Art of Education are easy to learn, and that a thorough acquaintance can be made with them in a few days, months, or even years, for it is the Science of Man that is meant, and the subject is a very large one. It is a fact that a right conception of what education means mnst he gained; most teachers think it means acquiring knowledge?they identify it with the acquisition of facts. But it means men? tal growth, mental elevation, develop? ment of character and power. In carry? ing forward your work you must con? stantly ask yourself, "Is this I am doing education ?" For example, you will have a. class bef'oro you that is studying arithmetic. Now you can handle the class from the edtication standpoint, or the cramming standpoint. In the former case you will aim at increasing the power of the pupil, you will try to lift him into a higher stage of thought. In the latter case, you will be satisfied if he can recite the table or the rule. As you conceive of educa? tion you will shape your conduct. To test your conception of education, you will remember that education is a pleas? ing act to the pupil; if he is not pleased to come to school it is almost certain that you are substituting cramming for edu? cation. Cramming is rarely pleasing; it may be if it has an objective point, how- j ever.?School-Journal. ? The best description of a Pharisee has been given by a little Sunday school ; girl. It is: "The fellow who does a thing ' and jfchen faels big over it." 1 BEES IN THE HIVE. From live Old Homestead. I am going to ask yon to vhrit with me to-day one of the most wonderful cities in the world. It is a city with no human beings in it, and yet it is densely popula? ted, for such a city may contain from twenty thousand to sixty thounand in? habitants. In-it you will find streets, but no pavements, for the inhabitants walk along the walls of the houses; while in the houses you will see no windows, for each house just fits its owner, &nd the door is the only opening in it. Though made without hands these houses are most, evenly and regularly built in tiers one above the other; and here and there a few royal palaces, larger and more spacious than the rest, catch the eye con? spicuously as they stand out at the corners of the streeta. j Some of the ordinary houses are used to live in, while others serve as storehouses where food is laid up in the summer to feed the Inhabitants during the winter, when they are not allowed to go outside the walls, Not that the gates are ever1 shut: that is not necessary, for in this wonderful city each citizen follows the laws?going out when it is time to go out, coming home at proper hours, and staying at home when it is his or her duty. And in the winter, when it is very cold outside, the inhabitants, having no fires, keep thetaselves warm within the city by clustering together and never ven? turing out of doors. One Bingle queen reigns over the whole of this numerous population, and you might perhaps fancy that, having so many subjects to work for her and wait upon her, she would do nothing but amuBe herself. On the contrary, she too obeys the laws laid down for her gui? dance, and never, except on one or two state occasions, goes out of the city, but works as hard as the rest in performing her own royal duties. From sunrise to sunset, whenever the weather is fine, all is life, activity, and bustle in this busy city. Though the gates are so narrow that two inhabitants j can only just pass each on their way I through them, yet thousands go in and out every hour of the day: some bring? ing in materials to build new houses, others food and provisions to store up for the. winter, and while all appears confusion and disorder among this rap? idly moving throng, yet in reality each has her own work to do and perfect order reigns over the whole. Even if you did not already know from the title whatcity, this is that I am de? scribing you would no doubt guess that it is a beehive; for where in the whole world, excopt upon an anthill, can we find so busy, so industrious, or so orderly a community as among the bees ? More than a hundred years ago a blind natur? alist, Francois Huber, set himself to study the habits of these wonder."y\ insects, and with the help of h is wife and an intelligent than servant managed to learn most of their secrets. Before his time all naturalists had failed in watching bees, because if. they put them in ?ive?'withglass windows the bees, not liking the light, closed up the windows with cement before: they began to work. Bnt Huber invented a hive which he could open and close at will, putting a glass hive inside it, and by this means he was able to surprise the bees at their work. Thanks to his studies, and to those of other naturalists who have followed in his steps, we now know almosta3;much about the home of bees as we ?d? about our own; i?nd if we follow out to day the building of a bee city and the life of its inhabitants I think you will acknowledge that they are a wonderful community, and that it is a great compliment to anyone to say that he or abe is "as busy as a bee." In order to begin at the beginning of the story let us suppose that we go into a country garden one fine morning i? May when the sun is shining brightly over? head, and that we see hanging from the bough of an old apple tree a black object which looks very much like a large plum pudding. On approaching it, however, we see that it is a large cluster or swarm of bees clinging to each 01 her by their legs, each bee with its two forelegs cling? ing to the two hinder ones of the one above it. In this way as many as twenty thousand bees may be clinging together, and yet they hang so freely that a bee, even from quite the centre of the swi .-m, can disengage herself from her neighbors - and pass through to the outside of the cluster whenever she wishes. If these bees were left to themselves they would find a home after a time hi a hollow tree, or under a roof ot a house, or in some other cavity, and begin to buiild ?h-vr hmeycomb there; but as we do not wiah to lose their honey we will bring a hive and, holding it under the swarm, sbake the bough gently so that the bees fall into it, and cling to the sides as we turn it over on a piece of clean linen CQ the stand where the hive is to be. And now let us suppose that we are able to watch what is going on in the hive. Before five minutes are over the industrious little insects have begun to disperse and to make arrangements m their new home. A number (perhaps two thousand) of large, lumbering bees of a darker color than the rest will, it is true, wander aimlessly about the hiv 3 and wait for the others to feed them and house them ; but these are the drones, or male bees, who never do any work ex? cept during one or two days in their whole lives. But the smaller working bees begin to be busy at once. Some fly off in search of honey. Others walk carefully all round the inside of the hive to eee if there are any cracks in it, and if there are they go off to the horse-chest? nut trees, poplars, hollyhocks, or other plants which have sticky buds and gather a kind of gum called "propolis," with which they cement the cracks and make them air-tight. Others, again., cluster round one bee, blacker than the rest and having a longer body and shorter wings; for this is the queen-bee, the mother of the hive, and she must be watched and tended. But the largest number begin to hang in a cluster from the roof just as they did from the bough of. the apple tree. What are they doing there ? Watch for a little while and you will soon eee one ANDERSON, S.O., bee come out from among its companions and settle on the top of the inside of the hive, turning herself round and round so as to push the other bees back and to make a space in which she can work. Then she will begin to pick at the under part of her body with her forelegs, and will bring a scale of wax from a curious sort of pocket under her abdomen. Holding this wax in her claws she will bite it with her hard, pointed upper jaws, which move to and fro sideways like a pair of pinchers, then, moistening it with her tongue into a kind of paste, she will draw it out. like a ribbon and plaster it on the top of the hive. v After that she will take another piece, for she has eight of these little wax pock? ets, and she will go on till they are all exhausted. Then she will fly away out of the hive, leaving a small wax lump on the hive ceiling or on the bar 'stretched across it; then her place will be taken by another bee, who will go through the same manoeuvres. This bee will be fol? lowed by another, and another, till a large wall of wax has been built hanging from the bar of the hive, but it will not yet have cells fashioned in it. Meanwhile the bees which have been gathering honey out of doors begin to come back laden. But they cannot store their honey, for there are no cells made yet to put it in; neither can they build combs with the rest, for they have no wax in their wax pockets. So they just go and hang quietly on to the other bees, and there they remain for twenty-four hours, during which time they digest the honey tbey have gathered, and part of it forms wax and oozes out from the scales under their body. Then they are prepared to join the others at work and plaster wax on to the hive. And now, as soon as a rough lump of wax is ready, another set of bees come to do their work. These are called the nursing bees, because they prepare the cells and feed the young ones. One of these bees, standing on the roof of the hive, begins to force her head into the wax, biting with her jaws and moving her head to and fro. Soon she has made the beginning of a round hollow, and then she passes on to make another, while a second bee takes her place and enlarges the Grst one. As many as twen l ty bees will be employed in this way, one j after another, upon each hole before it is large enough for the base of a cell. Meanwhile another set of nursing bees have been working just in the same way on the other side of the wax, and bo a series of hollows are made back to back all over the comb. Then the bees form the walls of the cells, and soon a number of six-sided tubes about half an inch deep stand all along each side of the comb ready to receive honey or bee eggs. The ends of these cells are so shaped that, as they lie back, the bottom of one cell fits into the space between the ends of three cells meeting it from the oppo site_side, while tbey fit into the spaces around it. Upon this plan the clever little bees fill every atom of space, use the least possible quantity of wax, and make the cells lie so closely together that the whole comb is kept warm when the yonng bees are in it. There are some binds of bees who do not live in hive?, but each one builds a home of its own. These bees?such as (;he upholsterer bee, which digs a hole in the earth and lines it with flowers and leaves, and the mason bee, which builds in walls?do not make six-sided cells, but round ones, for room is no object to tbem. i But nature has gradually taught the'little hive bee to build its cells more and more closely, till they fit perfectly within each other. If you make a num? ber of round holes close together in a soft Bubstance, and then squeeze the sub? stance, evenly from all sides, the rounds will gradually take a six-Bided, form, Bhowing that this is the closest shape into which they can be compressed. Although the bee does not know this, yet as she gnaws away every bit of wax that can be Bpared she brings the hole into this shape. As soon as one comb is finished, the bees begin another by the side of it leav? ing- a narrow lane between, just broad enough for two bees to pass back to back as they crawl along, and so the work goes on till the hive is full of ccmbs. As soon, however, as a length of about five or six inches of the first comb has been made into cells, the bees which are bringing home honey no longer hang to make it into wax, but begin to store it in the cells. We all know where the bees go to fetch their honey, and how when a bee settles on a flower, she thrusts into it her small tongue-like proboscis, which is really a lengthened under lip, and aucka out the drop of honey. This she swallows, passing it down her throat into a honey bag or first stomach , which lies between her throat and her real stomach, and when she gets back to the hive she can empty this bag and pass the honey back through her mouth again into the honey cells. But if you watch bees carefully, espe? cially in the spring time, you will find that they carry off something else besides honey. Early in the morning, when the dew is on the ground, or later in the day, in moist, shady places", you may see a bee rubbing itself against a flower, or biting bags of yellow dust or pollen. When 3he has covered herself with pol? len, she will brush it off with her feet, and, bringing it to her mouth, she will moisten and roll it into a little ball, and then pass it back from the first pair of legs to the second and so to the third or hinder pair. Here she will pack it into a little hairy groove called a "basket" in the joint of one of the hind legs, where you may see it, looking like a swelled joint, as she hovers among the flowers. She often Alls both hind legs in this way, and when she arrives back at the hive the nursing bees take the lumps from her and eat it themselves, or mix it with honey to feed the young bees; or, when they have any to spare, store it away in old honey cells to be used by and by. This is the dark, bitter stuff called "bee bread" which you often find in a honeycomb, especially in a comb which has been filled late in the summer. When the bee has been relieved of the bee bread she goes off to one of the clean cells in the new comb, and, standing on the edge, throws up the honey from the THTJKSDAY MOKN] honey bag into the cell. One cell will hold the contents of many honey bags, and so the busy little workers have to work all day filling cell after cell, in which the honey lies uncovered, being too thick and sticky to flow out, and is used for daily food?unless there is any to spare, and then they close up the cells with wax to keep for the winter. Meanwhile, a day or two after the bees have settled in the hive, the queen bee begins to get very restless. She goes out? side the hive and hovers about a little while, and then cornea in again, and though generally the bees all look very closely after her to keep her indoors, yet now they let her do as she likes. Again she goes out, and again back, and then, at last, she soars up into the air and flies away. But she is not allowed to go alone. All the drones of the hive rise up after her, forming a guard of honor to follow her wherever she goes. In about half an hour she comes back again, and then the working bees all gather round her, knowing that now she will remain quietly in the hive and spend all her time in laying eggs; tor it is the queen bee who lays all the eggs in the hive. This she begins to do about two dayB after her flight. There are now many cells ready besides those filled with honey; and, escorted by several bees, the queen bee goes to one of these, and, put? ting her head into it, remains there a second as if she were examining whether it would make a good home for the young bee. Then, coming out, she turns round and lays a small, oval, bluish-white egg iia the cell. After this she takes no more notice of it, but goes on to the next cell and the next, doing the same thing, and hying eggs in all the empty cells equally on both sides of the comb. .She goes on so quickly that she sometimes lays as many as two hundred eggs iu one day. Then the work of the nursing bees be? gins. In two or three days each egg has become a tiny maggot or larva, and the nursing bees put into its cell a mixture of pollen and honey whioh they have pre? pared in their own mouths, thus making a kind of sweet bath in which the larva lies. In five or six days the larva grows bo fat upon this that it nearly fills the cell, and then the bees seal up the mouth of the cell with a thin cover of wax, made of little rings and with a tiny hole in the centre. As soon as the larva is covered in, it begins to give out from its under lip a -whitish, B?ken film, made of two threads of silk glued together, and with this it spins a covering or cocoon all round itself, and so it remains for about ten days more. At last, just twenty-one days after the egg was laid, the young bee is quite perfect, and she begins to eat her way through the cocoon and through the waxen lid and scrambles,out of her cell. Then the nurses come again to her, stroke her wings and feed her for twenty-four hours, and after that she is quite ready to begin work, and flies out to gather honey and pollen like the rest of the workers. By this time the number of working bees in the hive is becoming very great, and the storing of honey and pollen dust goes on very quickly. Even, the empty cells which the young bees have left are cleaned out by the nurses and filled with honey; and this honey is darker than that stored in clean cells, and which we always call "virgin honey," because it ia so pure and clear. At last, after six weekB, the queen leaves off laying worker eggs, and beghiB to Jay, in some rather larger cells, eg^s from which drones, or male bees, wi'l grow up in about twenty days. Mear while.the worker bees have been building on the edge of the cones some very curi? ous cells which look like thimbles hang? ing with the open side upwards, and about every three days the queen atops in laying drone eggs and goes to put an egg in one of these cells. Notice that she waits three days between each of these peculiar layings, because we shall [see presently that there is a good reason for her doing so. The nursing bees take great care of these eggs, and instead of putting ordinary food into the cell, they fill it with a sweet pungent jelly, for this larva is to become a princess and a future queen bee. Curi? ously enough, it seems to be the peculiar food and the size of the cell which makes the larva grow into a mother bee which can lay eggs, for if a hive has the misfor? tune to lose its queen, they take one of the ordinary worker ilarva and put it into a royal cell and feed it with jelly, and it becomes a queen bee. As soon as the princess is shut up like the others, she begins to spin a cocoon, but she does not quite close it as the other bees do, but leases a hole at the top. At the end of sixteen days after the first royal egg was laid, the eldest princess begins to eat her way out of her cell, and about this time the old queen becomes very uneasy, and wanders about distract? edly. The reason of this is, that there can never be two queen bees in one hive, and the queen knows that her daughter will soon be coming out of the cradle and will try to turn her off her throne. So, not wishing to have to fight for her kingdom, she makes up her mind to seek a new home and take a number of her subjects with her. If you watch the hive about this time, you will notice many of the bees clustering together after they have brought in their honey, and banging patiently, in order to have plenty of wax ready to use when they Btart, while the queen keeps a sharp lookout for a bright, Bunny day, on which they can swarm, for bees will never swarm on a wet or doubt? ful day if they can possibly help it, and we can easily understand why, when we consider how the rain would clog their wings and spoil the wax under their bod? ies. Meanwhile the young princess grows very impatient, and tries to get out of her cell, but the worker bees drive her back, for they know there would be a terrible fight if the two queens met. So they close up the hole she has made with fresh wax after having put in some food for her to live upon till she is released. At last a suitable day arrives, and about ten or eleven o'clock in the morn? ing the old queen leaves the hive, taking with her about two thousand drones and from twelve to twenty thousand worker bees, which fly a little way, clustering round her till she alights on the bough of ENG, MAY 23, 1889. some tree, and then they form a compact swarm ready for a new hive or to find a home of their own. Leaving them to go their way, we will now return to the old hive. Here the liberated princess is reigning in all her glory; the woirker bees crowd round her, watch over her, and feed her as though they could nut do enough to show her honor. But still she is not happy. She is restless, and runs about as if looking for an enemy, and she tries to get at the remaining royal cells where the other youngvprinces!ies are still shut in. But the workers will not let her touch tbem and at last she stands still and begins to beat the air with her wings and to trem? ble all over, moving more and more quickly, till she makes quite a loud, pip? ing noise. Harkl what is that noise answering her? It is alow, hoarse sound, audit comes from the cell of the next eldest princess. Now we see why the young queen has been so restless. She knows her sister will aoon come out, and the louder and stronger the sound becomes within the cell, the soonertTie knows the fight will have to begin. And so she makes up her mind to follow her mother's example and to lead off a second swarm. But she cannot always stop to chooae a fine day, for hei: sister is growing very strong and may come out of her cell before she is off. And 30 the second, or after swarm, gets ready and goes away. And this explains why princesses' eggs are laid a few days apart, for if they were laid all on the same day, there would be no time for the princess to go off with a swarm before the other came out of her. cell. Sometimes, when the workers are not watchful enough, two queens do meet, and then they fight till one is killed ; or sometimes they both go off. with the same swarm without finding each other out. But this only delays the fight till they get into the new hive; sooner or later one must be killed. And now a third queen begins to reign in the old hive, and she is just as restless as the preceeding ones, for there are still more princesses to be born. But this time, if no new swarms wants to start, the workere do not try to protect the royal cells. The young queen darts at the first she sees, gnaws a hole with her jaws, and thrusting in her sting through the hole in the cocoon, kills the young bee while it is still a prisoner. She then goes to the next, and the next, and never rests till all the princesses are destroyed. Then she is contented, for she knows no other queen will come to dethrone her. After a few days she takes her flight in the. air with the drones, and comes home to settle down in the hive for the coming winter. Then a very curious scene takes place. The drones are no more use, for the queen will not fly out again, and these idle bees will never do any work in the hive. So the worker bees begin to kill them, falling upon them and stinging them to death, and as the drones have no stings they cannot defend themselves, and in a few days there is not a drone, nor even a drone egg, left in the hive. The massa? cre seems very sad to us, since the poor drones have never done any harm beyond being hopelessly idle. Bat it is less Bad to us when we know that they could not live many weeks, even if they were not I attacked, and with winter coming, the bees cannot afford to feed useless mouths, 00 a quick death is probably happier for them than star?ation. And now all the remaining inhabitants of the hive settle down to feeding the young beeE and laying in the winter's store. It ie at this time, after they have toiling and saving, that we come and take their honey ; and from a well stock? ed hive we may even take thirty pounds without starving the industrious little in? habitants. But then we must often feed them in return, and give them Bweet By rupin the late autumn and the next early spring, when they cannot find any flowers. Although the hive has now become comparatively quiet and the work goes on without excitement, yet every single i bee is employed in some way, either out of doors or about the hive. Besides the honey collectors and the nurses, a certain number of bees are told off to ventilate the hive. You will easily understand that where so many insects are packed closely together the heat will become very great, and the air impure and unwholesome. And the bees have no windows that they can open to let in fresh air, so they are obliged to fan it in from the one opening of the hive. The way in which they do this is very inter? esting. Some of the bees stand close to the entrance, with their faces towards it, and opening their wings, so as to make into fanB, they wave them to and fro, producing a current of air. Behind these bees, and all over the floor of the hive, there stands others, this time with their backs toward the entrance, and fan in the same manner, and in this way air is sent into all the passages. Another set of bees clean out the cells after the young bees are born, and make them fit to receive honey, while others guard the entrance of the hive to keep away the destructive wax moth, which tries to lay its eggs in he comb so that its young ones may feed on the honey. All industrious people have to guard their property againBt thieves aud vaga? bonds, and the bees have many intruders such as wasps and snails and slugs, which creep in whenever they get a chance. If they succeed in escaping the sentinel bees, then a fight takes place within the hive, and the invader is slung to death. Sometimes, however, after they have killed the enemy, the been cannot get rid of the body, for a snaii or slug is too heavy to be easily moved, and yet it would make the hive very unhealthy to allow it to remain. In this dilemma the ingenious little bees fetch the gummy propolis from the plant buds and cement the intruder all over, thus embalming his body and preventing it' from decay? ing. And so the life of this wonderful city goes on. Building, harvesting, storing nursing, ventilating and cleaning from morn till night, the little worker bees lives for about eight monthu, and in that time has done quite her share of the work in the world. Only the young bees born late in the season, live on till the next year to work in the spring. The queen hee lives longer, probably about two years, and then she too dies, after having had a family of many thousands of chil? dren. In nature all things work together so as to bring order out of apparent confu? sion. But though we should naturally expect winds and currents, rivers and clouds, and even plants to follow fixed laws, we should scarcely have looked for such regularity in the life of the active, independent busy bee. Yet we see that she, too, has her own appointed work to do, and does it regularly and in an order? ly manner. We have been speaking en? tirely of the bee within the hive, and noticing how marvelously her instincts guide her in her daily life. Within"tbe last few years it has been learned that she performs a most curious and wonderful work in the world outside her home, rnd that we owe to her not only the sweet honey we eat, but even in a great degree the beauty and gay colors of the flowers, which she visits when collecting it. While we love the little bee for her con stant industry, patience, and order within the hive, we cannot but marvel at the wonderful law of nature which guides her in her unconscious mission of love among the flowers which grow around it. Aeauella B. Buckley. BILL ABP On Bishop Potter and the Plutocracy. We see that Bishop Potter has been preaching against the Plutocracy, and that Jay Gould hau replied to him. I thought that I would turn to the defini? tion of that word, but I couldn't find it in the dictionary. Of course it has something to do with Pluto, the God of hades or hell, but more to do with Plu* tus, the god of wealth. Pluto's wife was the daughter of Ceres, and Plutus was the son of Ceres, and so Pluto and Plutus were brothers-in-law, and just about as close kin as hell is to money, and the Plutocracy are badly mixed with both branches of the family. The good book says, "Ye cannot serve both God and mammon," but a man can serve Pluto and Plutus without any strain of his consistency. Right there is where the trouble comes in. The love of money crowds out ail other loves. This is not a theory, but a fact. It binds a man to everything but the gold, and that is the reason, I reckon, why Plutus was blind. Mythology says he was not only blind, but he was lame. That is, he was lame and decrepit as he approached you, but had wings to fly away with. When he wanted to overreach anybody and make a good trade he came limping along like he was almost dead, but when he had made his bargains away he flew to his pile and chuckled over his gains. He was the originator of bulling and bearing stocks and fleecing the lambs. "It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer, but after he buyeth he goeth away and rejoiceth." Now there is hardly an average man but who really believes that if he was worth a million he would be very liberal and charitable, and do a great deal of good with bis money. It was the dream of my youth that some day I would be rich and I would go about in disguise like Kris Kringle, and surprise the poor and friendless and Bet up the down? hearted. I had even picked out some unfortunates whom I would help, and I had devised the manner of my charities I so that they would not know where it came from. There was a poor hard I working blacksmith whose home was under mortgage and bis children poorly I clad, and I heard my father say the i sheriff was going to sell him ont, and I thought it was awful. He was a good man, and always talked so kindly to me when I stopped to see him hammer the red iron and watch i;he beautiful sparks fly from the anvil. And there was a cabinet-maker who had got far behind on account of a fire, and was sued to every court, and was alwayB paying costs and begging for time. And there was a man who was all drawn up and bent double with rheumatism, and his chin touched his knees, and he came to church in an ox wagon, and had to be lifted out and carried to his accustomed Beat, and he seemed so happy during preaching and so thankful to God for His goodness. In that day it was lawful to put a man in jail for his debt, and I wanted money, lots of money ever ao bad to relieve the poor and distressed, and I could not understand why the rich men i about town diden't do it, but I under- j stand it now, '.and my faith in my own charity is shaken. I would be liberal with other people's money, but I'm afraid that'I would keep my own. If a million J were to come suddenly into my posses-1 sion I am sure I would scatter a good portion of it, but if I had been pursuing J it long, and it came by degrees, I verily beiieve I would be like the rest of the plutocracy, and the more I got the more j I would want. As a general thing the more a man acquires the less he gives away, and therein is the danger of loving money. It shrinks up a man's good emotions and unfits him for the next world. That depends, however, on which world he is going to. It hardens a man so that he can look upon want and suffering without pity and can pass by on the other side. Not long ago Jay Gould said he did not think that any man ought to have more than a million, but as it was his misfortune to have more he should keep it. But now he defends the misfortune boldly, and Bays there ' would be no great things done for hu? manity if these great fortunes were not accumulated, and he speaks of railroads and telegraph lines and steamships and universities and public libraries. He seems to think it better that a hundred men should control a thousand millions than a hundred thousand men control ten thousand apiece. Right there he is mistakeu. The hundred thousand would be more likely to contribute a thousand dollars each to any great work than the hunted men contribute a million each, flistory and observation proves this. The men of moderate means have done most for their country in all ages, most fur schools and churches and charity and patriotism and public enterprises. The per cent of income is the true test of lib voltjm: erality. The men whoso annual income is from two to five thousand dollars con? tribute far more to cht.rch and charity and public works than those whose income is from ten to t. hundred thou? sand. It looks like a big thing for Mr. Inman to give a thousand dollars to the Confederate Veterans' Home, but that is only about a thousandth part of his income. Many a many whose income was a thousand or less gave ten dollars, and that was ten times as much as Mr. Inman gave in proportion to income. Then there is another big difference between the gifts: Mr. Inman did not feel it?he made no sacrifice, but the other man did. _ EThe sober-minded thinking people of this country have no feelings.of envy or covetouBness towards the millionaires. There is no communism in their hearts. They applaud the honest accumulations of riches, and they commend the capi? talists who invest in large enterprises that give employment to labor and pay just wages that will enable the laborer to live in comfort. But there is some? thing wrong about any Bystem of politi? cal economy that will do more than this for labor. It should be so rewarded that something could be accumulated and laid by for misfortune. Every man who faithfully toils for a living is - entitled to food and clothing and a home?not a shelter but a home. He in entitled to something for sickness and the accidents, of life?something to provide against the' perils of fire and flood and pestilence and famine and war?something for the edu? cation of his children and something for old age. The rich have all these, and , they got them mainly from the labor of the poor. They got them by fair means or foul. When the yellow fever visited Jacksonville what could the poor do but stay and Buffer and die ? The danger that threatens our repub? lican Government from the concentration of money is very great. One hundreth part of tbe population now own ninety hund redtha of all the property. It is said that money controls Congress, and I reckon it does, but I didn't know until recently that it claimed to control the State Legislatures. A writer on the Baltimore Record, in defending the rail? road syndicates, says they are more hon? est than the people who "howl at them, and that it is an easy thing for the syn? dicate to purchase a Legislature if they chose to protect themselves in :hat way, and he says that the railroads have an option at all time upon the majority of the membere. If this be so, may the good Lord help us and deliver us from the evil that is impending. But I do not believe that it is true in Georgia or in the South. Now, I honestly wish that I had an income of abcut five thousand dollars, so that I could respond to some of the daily calls for help and charity that come to me by mail, for I know that mostof them deserve help. It takes about half that Bum for home, and I would be glad to scatter tbe other half where it would do most good, but. I reckon that home would get the most of it anyhow, and so I am trying to be content. I wish that every? body had enough to do them according to reason and their circumstanced, but I wouldn't risk myself nor anybody else with much of a surplus. They sty that the Yanderbilts are worth four hundred millions, and the As tors two hundred and fifty millions. If this government is ever broken up it is the like of that that will do it, Congress knows that the only remedy is an income tax that will be big enough to stop the accumulation, but Congress is afraid of tbe Plutocracy and won't pass it. Such an income tax would raise enough money to support tbe Government aud take the tariff off of everything the poor man has to buy. Something will have to be dofie. Com? munism is not dead. In some form or other it exists all over this country. Tbe recent manifesto of Thos. W. Higginson and Ed Everett Hale and other New England preachers and philanthropists showB how fast public sentiment is drift? ing toward a change?some great radical change in the holdings of property. There must be a limit somewhere. It is the common sentiment of mankind that no one man is entitled to a hundred millions of money or a million acres of land. Higginson and Hale and company want the government to seize all. tbe land, both public and private, and rent it out to the people and keep an account with every tenant, charging him with rent and crediting him with labor. Of couroe, that means monarchy and serf? dorn. What we want is more considera? tion for the labor that makes the wealth of tho country. We want a law that will prevent speculators getting up corners in the necessaries of life. We want the producers to have a fair chance at the consumers, and not let the speculators make their millions out of both, We want an income tax for revenue and a land tax that will force these foreigners and others who own millions of acre to sell to settlers at a fair price. Something has got to be done or the plutocracy will sink this government down to the realms of Pluto before we are thinking about it. Bill Arp. What a Pound Will Yield. It has been fairly tested that this weight of wool can furnish in fine yam 84,000 yards, lacking but eighty yards to complete forty-eight miles. This, at the time?more than one hundred years ago ?was regarded as a triumph of skill, acd it was said by score of mistresses in the art of spinning that the worthy dame of East Dereham, in Norfolk, could not be beat. This was considered so great a curiosity that the Royal Society of Eng? land did not hesitate to make honorable record of it. Since theu, however, another lady "has spun a combed wool into a thread of 168,000 yards; and more than this was her success in producing a thread 203,000 yards long from the same weight of cotton. Her ball unrolled would measure 115 miles. If this ball of cotton thread had been woven it would have made twenty yards of muslin one yard in width.?Iforjw's Weekly. ? John Burroughs, the author, has not eaten meat for three years. He finds that bis uerves are much steadier than tbey used to be, and that be ueeds less physical exercise. E XXIV.?NO. 46. ALL SORTS OF PARAGRAPHS. ? The human race ia increasing/ 30,000,000 yearly. ? Mrs. Hetty Green, a shrewd Wall Street broker, is worth $50,000,000. ? A man who doesn't know anything;. is pretty sure to tell it the first chance he % gets. ?It is estimated that there has been a decrease of $11,500,000 in the public debt since April 1. ? There several men and women , in Henry county, Ga, over OOJyears old;; 2 men over 100. ? Queen Victoria will celebrate her ^ birthday on Friday, May 24. She will, then be 70 years old. ?x A man has been arrested in ' Iridi-> ana for dunning a man on a postal csxd, and calling him a dead beat. ? There is no use in trying to strike an average on honesty. The article must be simon pure or it is spurious. ? The Doctor who attended Samuel J. Tilden before his death is suing the ? estate for $143,350 for his services. ? Unless the North wind blow? at the critical time, this will be a bonanza - year for grain and fruit in California. ? The wreck of our war vessels in the Samoan harbor of April entailed . a loss to the United States of over ?2,? ; 600,000. ? Washington county, Miss., produces the largest cotton crop of any county in America; it yields between 65,000 and\ 60,000 bales annually. ? A young man who actually tried: says that although there are three scruples | in a dram, the more drams you take the less scruples you will have. ? A correspondent from Guthrie City, .: Oklahoma, states that fully ten thousand shots are fired daily in that new town without any body getting hurt, ? In New York and Brooklyr*san av-_; erage of nearly 1,000,000 newspapers are printed for daily distribution, r of which three-fourths are morning publications, ? Miss Eugenia Washington; the V great-granddaughter of Gen. George, and7 wonderfully like him in feature*, is now.:. employed in one of the departments at Washington. ?'"The little things offife give us the _ most pleasure my child." "Yea, father; I thought so last summer when I saw you dancing round the room to the music of the mosquitoes." ? Lovi Johnson, of Boston, is 84 years old and has been blind for tenlyears. The ,' other day his sight'suddenly returned to him and he called for a book and read with perfect ease. ? Mrs. Hannah Chard, of Millville, N. J., has just celebrated her 100th birth*' day; but strange to relate, does hot read without glasses nor dance jigs after the > manner of the average ceutarian. ? When you get into a tight^plac^ and everything goes against you tiritil it seems as if yon couldn't hold out a minute longer, never give up then, .for that is: just the very time the tide will tum. ? At Lewiston, Pa., what is called a "thunderbolt" was found imbedded in a tree which had been shattered by light* ning, It is egg shaped, three and one half inches long, and of a metal so hard j that a file does not affect it. ? The Delaware Legislature has granted sixty-five divorces at the session just closing. This is an odd !kind of business for lawmakers to be up to. TheC : Delaware Constitution, now nearly 100 . years old, is indeed a curiosity. ? An exchange says thaf'Penasyiva nia Dutch girls make good preserves ;" but it doesn't say how much sugar you take to a pound of Dutch: girl, norf how long you let 'em boil. The receipt s for preserving girls Bhould be publish-*', ed. ? It is a curious fact that wasps' nest sometimes takes lire, as is supposed by the chemical action of the wasp upon the ma? terial of which- the nest is made. Un? doubtedly many fires of unknown origin; in haystacks and farm houses may thus J bo accounted for. ? The Swiss watchmakers have in? vented a watch for the blind. A small ptg is set in the middle of each figure. When the hour hand is moving towards the" ] hour the peg for that hour drops. The. person finds the peg is down and then counts back to twelve. ? The white of an egg has proved.one of the?most efficacious remedies for burns... Seven or eight successive applications .of * this substance soothe the pain and effect? ually exclude the burn from the' air. This simple remedy seems preferable to ?collodion or even cotton. ?A Stubeville man thought something was wrorigjwith his nose. It was nearly' stopped up. After suffering from thiu annoyance almost a year or so,-he went. to the doctor, who removed a shoe button - from the base part of the nasal cavity:.: The man now breathes more easily. ? In a few of the famine stricken dis-. tricts of China mothers are selling their children. A missionary, who visited the. market town of Wang Chi Ch'nan, met many women on the streets calling out:. "Who will buy this boy? I can't feed, him any longer, and I don't want to hear ? him crying about for want of food." ?In a swamp north of the town of Asf toy, Fla., John Wilson cut a huge cy? press tree, ar j was surprised to find therein an alligator seven feet long. The opening in the tree being not half large enough to admit the reptile, it is presum? ed it got in while young and subsisted on small animals that therein sought isbel- ? ter. ? A remarkable cure of catalepsy oc-1 curred in St. Louis. A young married woman was in her coffin, about to be'bur-' ied, when her brother-in-law saw her arm. move. She was immediately taken out of the coffin and two physicians called in, who decided that life was not extinct. After laboring some time they jiuc ceeded in bringing her backte conscious-;; ness. She describes heir feelings as terrible, as she was conscious of being put into the coffin, and not being ablei tbl I make her condition known. Entitled to the Beat, All are entitled to the best that thsir money will buy, so every family should have, at once, a bottle of the best famlily' remedy Syrup of Figs, to cleanse the sys? tem when costive or billions. For sile" in 50c. and $1.00 bottles by all leading druggists.