The Anderson intelligencer. (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, May 23, 1889, Image 1
BY CLINESGALE
m
i
IN THE
ACCOMPANIED BY
j|&SVSL;OAN,
1 AYING jast returned from the Eaat*
yej^Mtxitta, whore they spent a long
while Sin search of?
Now take pleasure in stating that we
k never bought a Stock of Goods more to
^ bar own satisfaction than we did this
;;? \ . . . ? ..
time. In our opinion, we can Bhow not
?only?
The. Largest, .
Handsomest,
And most Varied
" spring stock
Ever offered on this market, but talcing
yQTJALITY of material into considera
tion
ByFariClieapst!
DRESS; GOODS,
every Style,
Color and Texture,
;^ Including Challiea, "Henriettas, Brillian
.V'itihe^'/JII?hairs, SilkB, . Satins, Yelveis,
v&t?ena and White G?cds, world withqiit
' end. In fact, all the NEW GOODS, in
every imaginable Bhade that the markets
^afford. :Oor Stock of?
Is replete with all this reason's Novel
^^Sties, including Persian Baud Embrqide
|||pf ries;> Braids tof all kinds?Silver,: Gold
and Hercules, in different!; shades." Also,
those new and beautiful Felt and Braid
^fefmmiiigs combined, as well as Gaimps
r and Garnitures of every description,
"'" Never before has it been our good
fortune to run upon such a handsome,
tasty and elegant lot of Buttons as we
jnve now waiting your inspection,
. Don't forget that as we were the first
to introduce those soft-finish, elegant
D?ESS LININGS,' we stfll give this
line our personal attention, .
MISS MALLililLEU
Continues her
DRESS MAKING
In our Establishment, and is better pre?
pared than ever before to fill, in a thor?
ough and stylish manner, all orders
entrusted to her. A full and carefully
selected?
STOGK OF HOSIERY,
Hankerchiefs, Gloves and Parasols. In
; Laces and .Mull Embroideries we defy
: ~ V. competition. As usual we take the?
Of every description. We have had
exceptional advantages in buying this
year. We begin with our leader?a nice
chade Hat, in black and white, at'20c.
.'. Staying late enough to attend all the
retail openings, we are not only laden
^ with; the most beautiful and stylish
Goods ever shown hero, but have a thor
V [? ough knowledge of how to manipulate
% them. . So that with stylish Shapes,
f;^ beautiful Flowers, airy Laces and en?
trancing Ribbons, the latest French and
-Naw York fashions, and above all THE
: LOWEST PRICES ever offered, we are
' .bound to bring joy to the hearts of our
many customers, old and new.
Very respectfully, : '
R. S. HILL.
S&LANGSTON.
TE}A?H$r$'?0LUMN,
rfe^ All Communications intended for
this Column should be addressed to D. H.
RUSSELL, School Commissioner, Ander?
son, S. C.
Blackstock S. 0., April 29,1889.
Mr. Editor : Although separated from
my native County by many weary miles,
I feel the deepest interest in her, and
especially in her teachers, and to-day
while you all are enjoying the meeting
of the Teachers' Association I am think?
ing how I would enjoy being one of the
number. Hope there is a full attend*
ance.' I have just returned from a trip
to the "city by the sea," and it is useless
to say I enjoyed it, for' yon who have
been there know what a treat is in store
for those contemplating a similar trip. I
will not intrude on your premises, Mr.
Editor, by going into details of the
pleasing Bights and Bounds that I
enjoyed. But I must mention my trip
to Fort Snmter, as I had never been"
there before. We boarded the Sappho
and eet out on our voyage abont 10
o'clock a. m. Everything was favorable
for a fine sail, and the ride on the water
was delightful. Butlol when we came
within about two hundred yards of the
Fort,. Sappho refused to go any further,
on the plea that the water wasn't deep
enough for her, it being low tide. ? After
getting this near we were determined to
go on if possible. A row-boat comes to
our rescue, but we can only go in small
companies, and now "pull for the shore"
in earnest. After reaching tho Fort I
felt more than repaid, for you have a fine
view here. A lone family live here,
who seemed rejoiced to Bee new faces,
and were prond to show us around, On
our return the tide was coming in, and
the great breakers seemed sometimeseas
if they would capsize our noble little
vessel. Strange to say, I felt no alarm,
though that was because I knew the
water ma shallow. We reached Sappho
in perfect safety, and started for terra
firma again.
I must say something in. regard to the
schools I visited. We went first to the
Courtenay school, which is in charge of
Prof. J. A. Finger, formerly of William?
ston, S. 0. The building is a large four
story house; the boys and girls are in.
separate departments, except in the Pri?
mary class. We only had time to glance
into "each recitation room, but were
favorably impressed with all we saw.
We next visited the Shaw school (color?
ed.)'- I was perfectly amazed at their
proficiency; heard some fine einging.
On several of the blackboards were
"drawings showing wonderful skill by
some of the pupils. We were shown into
one of the recitation rooms where a class
in Mathematics was being taught. They
seemed to master , the subject. I was
told there were 1011 pupils in the Shaw
school. We next proceeded to the
Meminger school, a fine school for young
.ladies who contemplate teaching. Sorry
we haven't time to spend here, but mnst
hasten home. I am afraid M.?. Editor is
looking sour at me for tress.oasaiog bo
long. With best wishes to you all,
I am your friendp -
' Lelia. Bbotous.
- '' ' ' ? .
/ The hourly prayer of every true
teacher is, "Lord make-me apt to teach."
Any teacher that does not aspire to be a
betier teacher day by day, is no teacher.
Again, those, who do strive to bo better
teachers will reach the end' they " aim at.
Here is a type of two-thirds of the
teachers at work to-day on priceless
souls: a "good scholar," familiar, with
the "higher branches," not "good in gov?
ernment" her pupils "do not like to
come to school," and they-"hate to get
lessons." A very common picture that,
is it not ?
This one is in earnest, you see. She
sees these defects and wants to remedy
them. There are many who see defects
bnt who do not try to remedy them?
that is, very .much. They usually lay
the faults on the pupils?they are
"thick-headed," they are "low bred,"
they have "no gumption," they have "no
interest; or "parents are Bet against me,"
or they "don't help" me; they don't care
about "having their children educated,"
etc.
This teacher is in earnest to improve;
she has made one step?she believes it is
possible to improve. Yes, she has made
two steps; she believes that the fault lies |
with herself; that is the first and great
step. Yes, the most encouraging feature
is the admission that the fault lies with
her and not with her pupils or patrons.
We believe from this fact, that P. M. L.
will, it she takes the right course, become
just as successful as she wishes to be.
But what shall she do ?
? Now it cannot be said tl.at tho Science
and Art of Education are easy to learn,
and that a thorough acquaintance can be
made with them in a few days, months,
or even years, for it is the Science of
Man that is meant, and the subject is a
very large one.
It is a fact that a right conception of
what education means mnst he gained;
most teachers think it means acquiring
knowledge?they identify it with the
acquisition of facts. But it means men?
tal growth, mental elevation, develop?
ment of character and power. In carry?
ing forward your work you must con?
stantly ask yourself, "Is this I am doing
education ?"
For example, you will have a. class
bef'oro you that is studying arithmetic.
Now you can handle the class from the
edtication standpoint, or the cramming
standpoint. In the former case you will
aim at increasing the power of the pupil,
you will try to lift him into a higher
stage of thought. In the latter case, you
will be satisfied if he can recite the table
or the rule. As you conceive of educa?
tion you will shape your conduct. To
test your conception of education, you
will remember that education is a pleas?
ing act to the pupil; if he is not pleased
to come to school it is almost certain that
you are substituting cramming for edu?
cation. Cramming is rarely pleasing; it
may be if it has an objective point, how- j
ever.?School-Journal.
? The best description of a Pharisee
has been given by a little Sunday school
; girl. It is: "The fellow who does a thing
' and jfchen faels big over it."
1
BEES IN THE HIVE.
From live Old Homestead.
I am going to ask yon to vhrit with me
to-day one of the most wonderful cities in
the world. It is a city with no human
beings in it, and yet it is densely popula?
ted, for such a city may contain from
twenty thousand to sixty thounand in?
habitants. In-it you will find streets, but
no pavements, for the inhabitants walk
along the walls of the houses; while in
the houses you will see no windows, for
each house just fits its owner, &nd the
door is the only opening in it. Though
made without hands these houses are
most, evenly and regularly built in tiers
one above the other; and here and there
a few royal palaces, larger and more
spacious than the rest, catch the eye con?
spicuously as they stand out at the corners
of the streeta. j
Some of the ordinary houses are used to
live in, while others serve as storehouses
where food is laid up in the summer to
feed the Inhabitants during the winter,
when they are not allowed to go outside
the walls, Not that the gates are ever1
shut: that is not necessary, for in this
wonderful city each citizen follows the
laws?going out when it is time to go
out, coming home at proper hours, and
staying at home when it is his or her
duty. And in the winter, when it is very
cold outside, the inhabitants, having no
fires, keep thetaselves warm within the
city by clustering together and never ven?
turing out of doors.
One Bingle queen reigns over the whole
of this numerous population, and you
might perhaps fancy that, having so
many subjects to work for her and wait
upon her, she would do nothing but
amuBe herself. On the contrary, she too
obeys the laws laid down for her gui?
dance, and never, except on one or two
state occasions, goes out of the city, but
works as hard as the rest in performing
her own royal duties.
From sunrise to sunset, whenever the
weather is fine, all is life, activity, and
bustle in this busy city. Though the
gates are so narrow that two inhabitants j
can only just pass each on their way I
through them, yet thousands go in and
out every hour of the day: some bring?
ing in materials to build new houses,
others food and provisions to store up
for the. winter, and while all appears
confusion and disorder among this rap?
idly moving throng, yet in reality each
has her own work to do and perfect
order reigns over the whole.
Even if you did not already know from
the title whatcity, this is that I am de?
scribing you would no doubt guess that it
is a beehive; for where in the whole
world, excopt upon an anthill, can we
find so busy, so industrious, or so orderly
a community as among the bees ? More
than a hundred years ago a blind natur?
alist, Francois Huber, set himself to
study the habits of these wonder."y\
insects, and with the help of h is wife and
an intelligent than servant managed to
learn most of their secrets.
Before his time all naturalists had
failed in watching bees, because if. they
put them in ?ive?'withglass windows the
bees, not liking the light, closed up the
windows with cement before: they began
to work. Bnt Huber invented a hive
which he could open and close at will,
putting a glass hive inside it, and by this
means he was able to surprise the bees
at their work. Thanks to his studies,
and to those of other naturalists who
have followed in his steps, we now know
almosta3;much about the home of bees
as we ?d? about our own; i?nd if
we follow out to day the building of a
bee city and the life of its inhabitants I
think you will acknowledge that they are
a wonderful community, and that it is a
great compliment to anyone to say that
he or abe is "as busy as a bee."
In order to begin at the beginning of
the story let us suppose that we go into a
country garden one fine morning i? May
when the sun is shining brightly over?
head, and that we see hanging from the
bough of an old apple tree a black object
which looks very much like a large plum
pudding. On approaching it, however,
we see that it is a large cluster or swarm
of bees clinging to each 01 her by their
legs, each bee with its two forelegs cling?
ing to the two hinder ones of the one
above it. In this way as many as twenty
thousand bees may be clinging together,
and yet they hang so freely that a bee,
even from quite the centre of the swi .-m,
can disengage herself from her neighbors -
and pass through to the outside of the
cluster whenever she wishes.
If these bees were left to themselves
they would find a home after a time hi a
hollow tree, or under a roof ot a house, or
in some other cavity, and begin to buiild
?h-vr hmeycomb there; but as we do not
wiah to lose their honey we will bring a
hive and, holding it under the swarm,
sbake the bough gently so that the bees
fall into it, and cling to the sides as we
turn it over on a piece of clean linen CQ
the stand where the hive is to be.
And now let us suppose that we are
able to watch what is going on in the
hive. Before five minutes are over the
industrious little insects have begun to
disperse and to make arrangements m
their new home. A number (perhaps
two thousand) of large, lumbering bees
of a darker color than the rest will, it is
true, wander aimlessly about the hiv 3
and wait for the others to feed them and
house them ; but these are the drones,
or male bees, who never do any work ex?
cept during one or two days in their
whole lives. But the smaller working
bees begin to be busy at once. Some fly
off in search of honey. Others walk
carefully all round the inside of the hive
to eee if there are any cracks in it, and if
there are they go off to the horse-chest?
nut trees, poplars, hollyhocks, or other
plants which have sticky buds and gather
a kind of gum called "propolis," with
which they cement the cracks and make
them air-tight. Others, again., cluster
round one bee, blacker than the rest and
having a longer body and shorter wings;
for this is the queen-bee, the mother of
the hive, and she must be watched and
tended.
But the largest number begin to hang
in a cluster from the roof just as they
did from the bough of. the apple tree.
What are they doing there ? Watch for
a little while and you will soon eee one
ANDERSON, S.O.,
bee come out from among its companions
and settle on the top of the inside of
the hive, turning herself round and round
so as to push the other bees back and to
make a space in which she can work.
Then she will begin to pick at the under
part of her body with her forelegs, and
will bring a scale of wax from a curious
sort of pocket under her abdomen.
Holding this wax in her claws she will
bite it with her hard, pointed upper jaws,
which move to and fro sideways like a
pair of pinchers, then, moistening it with
her tongue into a kind of paste, she will
draw it out. like a ribbon and plaster it
on the top of the hive. v
After that she will take another piece,
for she has eight of these little wax pock?
ets, and she will go on till they are all
exhausted. Then she will fly away out
of the hive, leaving a small wax lump on
the hive ceiling or on the bar 'stretched
across it; then her place will be taken by
another bee, who will go through the
same manoeuvres. This bee will be fol?
lowed by another, and another, till a
large wall of wax has been built hanging
from the bar of the hive, but it will not
yet have cells fashioned in it.
Meanwhile the bees which have been
gathering honey out of doors begin to
come back laden. But they cannot store
their honey, for there are no cells made
yet to put it in; neither can they build
combs with the rest, for they have no
wax in their wax pockets. So they just
go and hang quietly on to the other bees,
and there they remain for twenty-four
hours, during which time they digest the
honey tbey have gathered, and part of
it forms wax and oozes out from the
scales under their body. Then they are
prepared to join the others at work and
plaster wax on to the hive.
And now, as soon as a rough lump of
wax is ready, another set of bees come to
do their work. These are called the
nursing bees, because they prepare the
cells and feed the young ones. One of
these bees, standing on the roof of the
hive, begins to force her head into the
wax, biting with her jaws and moving
her head to and fro. Soon she has made
the beginning of a round hollow, and
then she passes on to make another,
while a second bee takes her place and
enlarges the Grst one. As many as twen
l ty bees will be employed in this way, one
j after another, upon each hole before it is
large enough for the base of a cell.
Meanwhile another set of nursing bees
have been working just in the same way
on the other side of the wax, and bo a
series of hollows are made back to back
all over the comb. Then the bees form
the walls of the cells, and soon a number
of six-sided tubes about half an inch deep
stand all along each side of the comb
ready to receive honey or bee eggs.
The ends of these cells are so shaped
that, as they lie back, the bottom of one
cell fits into the space between the ends
of three cells meeting it from the oppo
site_side, while tbey fit into the spaces
around it. Upon this plan the clever
little bees fill every atom of space, use
the least possible quantity of wax,
and make the cells lie so closely together
that the whole comb is kept warm when
the yonng bees are in it.
There are some binds of bees who do
not live in hive?, but each one builds a
home of its own. These bees?such as
(;he upholsterer bee, which digs a hole
in the earth and lines it with flowers and
leaves, and the mason bee, which builds
in walls?do not make six-sided cells,
but round ones, for room is no object to
tbem. i But nature has gradually taught
the'little hive bee to build its cells more
and more closely, till they fit perfectly
within each other. If you make a num?
ber of round holes close together in a
soft Bubstance, and then squeeze the sub?
stance, evenly from all sides, the rounds
will gradually take a six-Bided, form,
Bhowing that this is the closest shape
into which they can be compressed.
Although the bee does not know this,
yet as she gnaws away every bit of wax
that can be Bpared she brings the hole
into this shape.
As soon as one comb is finished, the
bees begin another by the side of it leav?
ing- a narrow lane between, just broad
enough for two bees to pass back to back
as they crawl along, and so the work
goes on till the hive is full of ccmbs.
As soon, however, as a length of about
five or six inches of the first comb has
been made into cells, the bees which are
bringing home honey no longer hang to
make it into wax, but begin to store it
in the cells. We all know where the
bees go to fetch their honey, and how
when a bee settles on a flower, she thrusts
into it her small tongue-like proboscis,
which is really a lengthened under lip,
and aucka out the drop of honey. This
she swallows, passing it down her throat
into a honey bag or first stomach , which
lies between her throat and her real
stomach, and when she gets back to the
hive she can empty this bag and pass the
honey back through her mouth again
into the honey cells.
But if you watch bees carefully, espe?
cially in the spring time, you will find
that they carry off something else besides
honey. Early in the morning, when the
dew is on the ground, or later in the day,
in moist, shady places", you may see a
bee rubbing itself against a flower, or
biting bags of yellow dust or pollen.
When 3he has covered herself with pol?
len, she will brush it off with her feet,
and, bringing it to her mouth, she will
moisten and roll it into a little ball, and
then pass it back from the first pair of
legs to the second and so to the third or
hinder pair. Here she will pack it into
a little hairy groove called a "basket"
in the joint of one of the hind legs, where
you may see it, looking like a swelled
joint, as she hovers among the flowers.
She often Alls both hind legs in this
way, and when she arrives back at the
hive the nursing bees take the lumps
from her and eat it themselves, or mix
it with honey to feed the young bees;
or, when they have any to spare, store it
away in old honey cells to be used by
and by. This is the dark, bitter stuff
called "bee bread" which you often find
in a honeycomb, especially in a comb
which has been filled late in the summer.
When the bee has been relieved of the
bee bread she goes off to one of the clean
cells in the new comb, and, standing on
the edge, throws up the honey from the
THTJKSDAY MOKN]
honey bag into the cell. One cell will
hold the contents of many honey bags,
and so the busy little workers have to
work all day filling cell after cell, in
which the honey lies uncovered, being
too thick and sticky to flow out, and is
used for daily food?unless there is any
to spare, and then they close up the cells
with wax to keep for the winter.
Meanwhile, a day or two after the bees
have settled in the hive, the queen bee
begins to get very restless. She goes out?
side the hive and hovers about a little
while, and then cornea in again, and
though generally the bees all look very
closely after her to keep her indoors, yet
now they let her do as she likes. Again
she goes out, and again back, and then,
at last, she soars up into the air and flies
away. But she is not allowed to go alone.
All the drones of the hive rise up after
her, forming a guard of honor to follow
her wherever she goes.
In about half an hour she comes back
again, and then the working bees all
gather round her, knowing that now she
will remain quietly in the hive and spend
all her time in laying eggs; tor it is the
queen bee who lays all the eggs in the
hive. This she begins to do about two
dayB after her flight. There are now
many cells ready besides those filled with
honey; and, escorted by several bees, the
queen bee goes to one of these, and, put?
ting her head into it, remains there a
second as if she were examining whether
it would make a good home for the young
bee. Then, coming out, she turns round
and lays a small, oval, bluish-white egg
iia the cell. After this she takes no more
notice of it, but goes on to the next cell
and the next, doing the same thing, and
hying eggs in all the empty cells equally
on both sides of the comb. .She goes on
so quickly that she sometimes lays as
many as two hundred eggs iu one day.
Then the work of the nursing bees be?
gins. In two or three days each egg has
become a tiny maggot or larva, and the
nursing bees put into its cell a mixture of
pollen and honey whioh they have pre?
pared in their own mouths, thus making
a kind of sweet bath in which the larva
lies. In five or six days the larva grows
bo fat upon this that it nearly fills the
cell, and then the bees seal up the mouth
of the cell with a thin cover of wax, made
of little rings and with a tiny hole in the
centre.
As soon as the larva is covered in, it
begins to give out from its under lip a
-whitish, B?ken film, made of two threads
of silk glued together, and with this it
spins a covering or cocoon all round
itself, and so it remains for about ten
days more. At last, just twenty-one days
after the egg was laid, the young bee is
quite perfect, and she begins to eat her
way through the cocoon and through the
waxen lid and scrambles,out of her cell.
Then the nurses come again to her, stroke
her wings and feed her for twenty-four
hours, and after that she is quite ready to
begin work, and flies out to gather honey
and pollen like the rest of the workers.
By this time the number of working
bees in the hive is becoming very great,
and the storing of honey and pollen dust
goes on very quickly. Even, the empty
cells which the young bees have left are
cleaned out by the nurses and filled with
honey; and this honey is darker than that
stored in clean cells, and which we always
call "virgin honey," because it ia so pure
and clear.
At last, after six weekB, the queen
leaves off laying worker eggs, and beghiB
to Jay, in some rather larger cells, eg^s
from which drones, or male bees, wi'l
grow up in about twenty days. Mear
while.the worker bees have been building
on the edge of the cones some very curi?
ous cells which look like thimbles hang?
ing with the open side upwards, and
about every three days the queen atops in
laying drone eggs and goes to put an egg
in one of these cells. Notice that she
waits three days between each of these
peculiar layings, because we shall [see
presently that there is a good reason for
her doing so.
The nursing bees take great care of
these eggs, and instead of putting ordinary
food into the cell, they fill it with a sweet
pungent jelly, for this larva is to become
a princess and a future queen bee. Curi?
ously enough, it seems to be the peculiar
food and the size of the cell which makes
the larva grow into a mother bee which
can lay eggs, for if a hive has the misfor?
tune to lose its queen, they take one of
the ordinary worker ilarva and put it into
a royal cell and feed it with jelly, and it
becomes a queen bee. As soon as the
princess is shut up like the others, she
begins to spin a cocoon, but she does not
quite close it as the other bees do, but
leases a hole at the top.
At the end of sixteen days after the
first royal egg was laid, the eldest princess
begins to eat her way out of her cell, and
about this time the old queen becomes
very uneasy, and wanders about distract?
edly. The reason of this is, that there
can never be two queen bees in one hive,
and the queen knows that her daughter
will soon be coming out of the cradle and
will try to turn her off her throne. So,
not wishing to have to fight for her
kingdom, she makes up her mind to seek
a new home and take a number of her
subjects with her. If you watch the hive
about this time, you will notice many of
the bees clustering together after they
have brought in their honey, and banging
patiently, in order to have plenty of wax
ready to use when they Btart, while the
queen keeps a sharp lookout for a bright,
Bunny day, on which they can swarm, for
bees will never swarm on a wet or doubt?
ful day if they can possibly help it, and
we can easily understand why, when we
consider how the rain would clog their
wings and spoil the wax under their bod?
ies.
Meanwhile the young princess grows
very impatient, and tries to get out of her
cell, but the worker bees drive her back,
for they know there would be a terrible
fight if the two queens met. So they
close up the hole she has made with fresh
wax after having put in some food for her
to live upon till she is released.
At last a suitable day arrives, and
about ten or eleven o'clock in the morn?
ing the old queen leaves the hive, taking
with her about two thousand drones and
from twelve to twenty thousand worker
bees, which fly a little way, clustering
round her till she alights on the bough of
ENG, MAY 23, 1889.
some tree, and then they form a compact
swarm ready for a new hive or to find a
home of their own.
Leaving them to go their way, we will
now return to the old hive. Here the
liberated princess is reigning in all her
glory; the woirker bees crowd round her,
watch over her, and feed her as though
they could nut do enough to show her
honor. But still she is not happy. She
is restless, and runs about as if looking
for an enemy, and she tries to get at the
remaining royal cells where the other
youngvprinces!ies are still shut in. But
the workers will not let her touch tbem
and at last she stands still and begins to
beat the air with her wings and to trem?
ble all over, moving more and more
quickly, till she makes quite a loud, pip?
ing noise.
Harkl what is that noise answering
her? It is alow, hoarse sound, audit
comes from the cell of the next eldest
princess. Now we see why the young
queen has been so restless. She knows
her sister will aoon come out, and the
louder and stronger the sound becomes
within the cell, the soonertTie knows the
fight will have to begin. And so she
makes up her mind to follow her mother's
example and to lead off a second swarm.
But she cannot always stop to chooae a
fine day, for hei: sister is growing very
strong and may come out of her cell
before she is off. And 30 the second, or
after swarm, gets ready and goes away.
And this explains why princesses' eggs
are laid a few days apart, for if they were
laid all on the same day, there would be
no time for the princess to go off with a
swarm before the other came out of her.
cell. Sometimes, when the workers are
not watchful enough, two queens do
meet, and then they fight till one is
killed ; or sometimes they both go off.
with the same swarm without finding
each other out. But this only delays the
fight till they get into the new hive;
sooner or later one must be killed.
And now a third queen begins to reign
in the old hive, and she is just as restless
as the preceeding ones, for there are still
more princesses to be born. But this
time, if no new swarms wants to start, the
workere do not try to protect the royal
cells. The young queen darts at the first
she sees, gnaws a hole with her jaws, and
thrusting in her sting through the hole in
the cocoon, kills the young bee while it
is still a prisoner. She then goes to the
next, and the next, and never rests till
all the princesses are destroyed. Then
she is contented, for she knows no other
queen will come to dethrone her. After
a few days she takes her flight in the. air
with the drones, and comes home to
settle down in the hive for the coming
winter.
Then a very curious scene takes place.
The drones are no more use, for the queen
will not fly out again, and these idle bees
will never do any work in the hive. So
the worker bees begin to kill them, falling
upon them and stinging them to death,
and as the drones have no stings they
cannot defend themselves, and in a few
days there is not a drone, nor even a
drone egg, left in the hive. The massa?
cre seems very sad to us, since the poor
drones have never done any harm beyond
being hopelessly idle. Bat it is less Bad
to us when we know that they could not
live many weeks, even if they were not
I attacked, and with winter coming, the
bees cannot afford to feed useless mouths,
00 a quick death is probably happier for
them than star?ation.
And now all the remaining inhabitants
of the hive settle down to feeding the
young beeE and laying in the winter's
store. It ie at this time, after they have
toiling and saving, that we come and
take their honey ; and from a well stock?
ed hive we may even take thirty pounds
without starving the industrious little in?
habitants. But then we must often feed
them in return, and give them Bweet By
rupin the late autumn and the next early
spring, when they cannot find any
flowers.
Although the hive has now become
comparatively quiet and the work goes
on without excitement, yet every single i
bee is employed in some way, either out
of doors or about the hive. Besides the
honey collectors and the nurses, a certain
number of bees are told off to ventilate
the hive. You will easily understand
that where so many insects are packed
closely together the heat will become
very great, and the air impure and
unwholesome. And the bees have no
windows that they can open to let in
fresh air, so they are obliged to fan it in
from the one opening of the hive. The
way in which they do this is very inter?
esting. Some of the bees stand close to
the entrance, with their faces towards it,
and opening their wings, so as to make
into fanB, they wave them to and fro,
producing a current of air. Behind these
bees, and all over the floor of the hive,
there stands others, this time with their
backs toward the entrance, and fan in the
same manner, and in this way air is sent
into all the passages.
Another set of bees clean out the cells
after the young bees are born, and make
them fit to receive honey, while others
guard the entrance of the hive to keep
away the destructive wax moth, which
tries to lay its eggs in he comb so that
its young ones may feed on the honey.
All industrious people have to guard
their property againBt thieves aud vaga?
bonds, and the bees have many intruders
such as wasps and snails and slugs,
which creep in whenever they get a
chance. If they succeed in escaping the
sentinel bees, then a fight takes place
within the hive, and the invader is slung
to death.
Sometimes, however, after they have
killed the enemy, the been cannot get rid
of the body, for a snaii or slug is too
heavy to be easily moved, and yet it
would make the hive very unhealthy to
allow it to remain. In this dilemma the
ingenious little bees fetch the gummy
propolis from the plant buds and cement
the intruder all over, thus embalming
his body and preventing it' from decay?
ing.
And so the life of this wonderful city
goes on. Building, harvesting, storing
nursing, ventilating and cleaning from
morn till night, the little worker bees
lives for about eight monthu, and in that
time has done quite her share of the work
in the world. Only the young bees born
late in the season, live on till the next
year to work in the spring. The queen
hee lives longer, probably about two
years, and then she too dies, after having
had a family of many thousands of chil?
dren.
In nature all things work together so
as to bring order out of apparent confu?
sion. But though we should naturally
expect winds and currents, rivers and
clouds, and even plants to follow fixed
laws, we should scarcely have looked for
such regularity in the life of the active,
independent busy bee. Yet we see that
she, too, has her own appointed work to
do, and does it regularly and in an order?
ly manner. We have been speaking en?
tirely of the bee within the hive, and
noticing how marvelously her instincts
guide her in her daily life. Within"tbe
last few years it has been learned that she
performs a most curious and wonderful
work in the world outside her home, rnd
that we owe to her not only the sweet
honey we eat, but even in a great degree
the beauty and gay colors of the flowers,
which she visits when collecting it.
While we love the little bee for her con
stant industry, patience, and order within
the hive, we cannot but marvel at the
wonderful law of nature which guides
her in her unconscious mission of love
among the flowers which grow around
it.
Aeauella B. Buckley.
BILL ABP
On Bishop Potter and the Plutocracy.
We see that Bishop Potter has been
preaching against the Plutocracy, and
that Jay Gould hau replied to him. I
thought that I would turn to the defini?
tion of that word, but I couldn't find it
in the dictionary. Of course it has
something to do with Pluto, the God of
hades or hell, but more to do with Plu*
tus, the god of wealth. Pluto's wife was
the daughter of Ceres, and Plutus was
the son of Ceres, and so Pluto and Plutus
were brothers-in-law, and just about as
close kin as hell is to money, and the
Plutocracy are badly mixed with both
branches of the family. The good book
says, "Ye cannot serve both God and
mammon," but a man can serve Pluto
and Plutus without any strain of his
consistency. Right there is where the
trouble comes in. The love of money
crowds out ail other loves. This is not a
theory, but a fact. It binds a man to
everything but the gold, and that is the
reason, I reckon, why Plutus was blind.
Mythology says he was not only blind,
but he was lame. That is, he was lame
and decrepit as he approached you, but
had wings to fly away with. When he
wanted to overreach anybody and make
a good trade he came limping along like
he was almost dead, but when he had
made his bargains away he flew to his
pile and chuckled over his gains. He
was the originator of bulling and bearing
stocks and fleecing the lambs. "It is
naught, it is naught, saith the buyer, but
after he buyeth he goeth away and
rejoiceth."
Now there is hardly an average man
but who really believes that if he was
worth a million he would be very liberal
and charitable, and do a great deal of
good with bis money. It was the dream
of my youth that some day I would be
rich and I would go about in disguise
like Kris Kringle, and surprise the poor
and friendless and Bet up the down?
hearted. I had even picked out some
unfortunates whom I would help, and I
had devised the manner of my charities
I so that they would not know where it
came from. There was a poor hard
I working blacksmith whose home was
under mortgage and bis children poorly
I clad, and I heard my father say the
i sheriff was going to sell him ont, and I
thought it was awful. He was a good
man, and always talked so kindly to me
when I stopped to see him hammer the
red iron and watch i;he beautiful sparks
fly from the anvil. And there was a
cabinet-maker who had got far behind
on account of a fire, and was sued to
every court, and was alwayB paying costs
and begging for time. And there was a
man who was all drawn up and bent
double with rheumatism, and his chin
touched his knees, and he came to
church in an ox wagon, and had to be
lifted out and carried to his accustomed
Beat, and he seemed so happy during
preaching and so thankful to God for
His goodness. In that day it was lawful
to put a man in jail for his debt, and I
wanted money, lots of money ever ao bad
to relieve the poor and distressed, and I
could not understand why the rich men i
about town diden't do it, but I under- j
stand it now, '.and my faith in my own
charity is shaken. I would be liberal
with other people's money, but I'm afraid
that'I would keep my own. If a million J
were to come suddenly into my posses-1
sion I am sure I would scatter a good
portion of it, but if I had been pursuing J
it long, and it came by degrees, I verily
beiieve I would be like the rest of the
plutocracy, and the more I got the more j
I would want. As a general thing the
more a man acquires the less he gives
away, and therein is the danger of loving
money. It shrinks up a man's good
emotions and unfits him for the next
world. That depends, however, on
which world he is going to. It hardens
a man so that he can look upon want and
suffering without pity and can pass by
on the other side. Not long ago Jay
Gould said he did not think that any
man ought to have more than a million,
but as it was his misfortune to have more
he should keep it. But now he defends
the misfortune boldly, and Bays there
' would be no great things done for hu?
manity if these great fortunes were not
accumulated, and he speaks of railroads
and telegraph lines and steamships and
universities and public libraries. He
seems to think it better that a hundred
men should control a thousand millions
than a hundred thousand men control
ten thousand apiece. Right there he is
mistakeu. The hundred thousand would
be more likely to contribute a thousand
dollars each to any great work than the
hunted men contribute a million each,
flistory and observation proves this.
The men of moderate means have done
most for their country in all ages, most
fur schools and churches and charity and
patriotism and public enterprises. The
per cent of income is the true test of lib
voltjm:
erality. The men whoso annual income
is from two to five thousand dollars con?
tribute far more to cht.rch and charity
and public works than those whose
income is from ten to t. hundred thou?
sand. It looks like a big thing for Mr.
Inman to give a thousand dollars to the
Confederate Veterans' Home, but that is
only about a thousandth part of his
income. Many a many whose income
was a thousand or less gave ten dollars,
and that was ten times as much as Mr.
Inman gave in proportion to income.
Then there is another big difference
between the gifts: Mr. Inman did not
feel it?he made no sacrifice, but the
other man did. _
EThe sober-minded thinking people of
this country have no feelings.of envy or
covetouBness towards the millionaires.
There is no communism in their hearts.
They applaud the honest accumulations
of riches, and they commend the capi?
talists who invest in large enterprises
that give employment to labor and pay
just wages that will enable the laborer to
live in comfort. But there is some?
thing wrong about any Bystem of politi?
cal economy that will do more than this
for labor. It should be so rewarded that
something could be accumulated and laid
by for misfortune. Every man who
faithfully toils for a living is - entitled to
food and clothing and a home?not a
shelter but a home. He in entitled to
something for sickness and the accidents,
of life?something to provide against the'
perils of fire and flood and pestilence and
famine and war?something for the edu?
cation of his children and something for
old age. The rich have all these, and ,
they got them mainly from the labor of
the poor. They got them by fair means
or foul. When the yellow fever visited
Jacksonville what could the poor do but
stay and Buffer and die ?
The danger that threatens our repub?
lican Government from the concentration
of money is very great. One hundreth
part of tbe population now own ninety
hund redtha of all the property. It is said
that money controls Congress, and I
reckon it does, but I didn't know until
recently that it claimed to control the
State Legislatures. A writer on the
Baltimore Record, in defending the rail?
road syndicates, says they are more hon?
est than the people who "howl at them,
and that it is an easy thing for the syn?
dicate to purchase a Legislature if they
chose to protect themselves in :hat way,
and he says that the railroads have an
option at all time upon the majority of
the membere. If this be so, may the
good Lord help us and deliver us from
the evil that is impending. But I do
not believe that it is true in Georgia or
in the South.
Now, I honestly wish that I had an
income of abcut five thousand dollars, so
that I could respond to some of the daily
calls for help and charity that come to
me by mail, for I know that mostof them
deserve help. It takes about half that
Bum for home, and I would be glad to
scatter tbe other half where it would do
most good, but. I reckon that home would
get the most of it anyhow, and so I am
trying to be content. I wish that every?
body had enough to do them according
to reason and their circumstanced, but I
wouldn't risk myself nor anybody else
with much of a surplus. They sty that
the Yanderbilts are worth four hundred
millions, and the As tors two hundred
and fifty millions. If this government
is ever broken up it is the like of that
that will do it, Congress knows that the
only remedy is an income tax that will
be big enough to stop the accumulation,
but Congress is afraid of tbe Plutocracy
and won't pass it. Such an income tax
would raise enough money to support tbe
Government aud take the tariff off of
everything the poor man has to buy.
Something will have to be dofie. Com?
munism is not dead. In some form or
other it exists all over this country. Tbe
recent manifesto of Thos. W. Higginson
and Ed Everett Hale and other New
England preachers and philanthropists
showB how fast public sentiment is drift?
ing toward a change?some great radical
change in the holdings of property.
There must be a limit somewhere. It is
the common sentiment of mankind that
no one man is entitled to a hundred
millions of money or a million acres of
land. Higginson and Hale and company
want the government to seize all. tbe
land, both public and private, and rent
it out to the people and keep an account
with every tenant, charging him with
rent and crediting him with labor. Of
couroe, that means monarchy and serf?
dorn. What we want is more considera?
tion for the labor that makes the wealth
of tho country. We want a law that will
prevent speculators getting up corners in
the necessaries of life. We want the
producers to have a fair chance at the
consumers, and not let the speculators
make their millions out of both, We
want an income tax for revenue and a
land tax that will force these foreigners
and others who own millions of acre to
sell to settlers at a fair price. Something
has got to be done or the plutocracy will
sink this government down to the realms
of Pluto before we are thinking about it.
Bill Arp.
What a Pound Will Yield.
It has been fairly tested that this
weight of wool can furnish in fine yam
84,000 yards, lacking but eighty yards to
complete forty-eight miles. This, at the
time?more than one hundred years ago
?was regarded as a triumph of skill, acd
it was said by score of mistresses in the
art of spinning that the worthy dame of
East Dereham, in Norfolk, could not be
beat. This was considered so great a
curiosity that the Royal Society of Eng?
land did not hesitate to make honorable
record of it. Since theu, however,
another lady "has spun a combed wool
into a thread of 168,000 yards; and more
than this was her success in producing a
thread 203,000 yards long from the same
weight of cotton. Her ball unrolled
would measure 115 miles. If this ball
of cotton thread had been woven it would
have made twenty yards of muslin one
yard in width.?Iforjw's Weekly.
? John Burroughs, the author, has not
eaten meat for three years. He finds
that bis uerves are much steadier than
tbey used to be, and that be ueeds less
physical exercise.
E XXIV.?NO. 46.
ALL SORTS OF PARAGRAPHS.
? The human race ia increasing/
30,000,000 yearly.
? Mrs. Hetty Green, a shrewd Wall
Street broker, is worth $50,000,000.
? A man who doesn't know anything;.
is pretty sure to tell it the first chance he %
gets.
?It is estimated that there has been a
decrease of $11,500,000 in the public debt
since April 1.
? There several men and women ,
in Henry county, Ga, over OOJyears old;;
2 men over 100.
? Queen Victoria will celebrate her ^
birthday on Friday, May 24. She will,
then be 70 years old.
?x A man has been arrested in ' Iridi->
ana for dunning a man on a postal csxd,
and calling him a dead beat.
? There is no use in trying to strike
an average on honesty. The article must
be simon pure or it is spurious.
? The Doctor who attended Samuel
J. Tilden before his death is suing the ?
estate for $143,350 for his services.
? Unless the North wind blow? at
the critical time, this will be a bonanza -
year for grain and fruit in California.
? The wreck of our war vessels
in the Samoan harbor of April entailed .
a loss to the United States of over ?2,? ;
600,000.
? Washington county, Miss., produces
the largest cotton crop of any county in
America; it yields between 65,000 and\
60,000 bales annually.
? A young man who actually tried:
says that although there are three scruples |
in a dram, the more drams you take the
less scruples you will have.
? A correspondent from Guthrie City, .:
Oklahoma, states that fully ten thousand
shots are fired daily in that new town
without any body getting hurt,
? In New York and Brooklyr*san av-_;
erage of nearly 1,000,000 newspapers are
printed for daily distribution, r of which
three-fourths are morning publications,
? Miss Eugenia Washington; the V
great-granddaughter of Gen. George, and7
wonderfully like him in feature*, is now.:.
employed in one of the departments at
Washington.
?'"The little things offife give us the _
most pleasure my child." "Yea, father;
I thought so last summer when I saw you
dancing round the room to the music of
the mosquitoes."
? Lovi Johnson, of Boston, is 84 years
old and has been blind for tenlyears. The ,'
other day his sight'suddenly returned to
him and he called for a book and read
with perfect ease.
? Mrs. Hannah Chard, of Millville,
N. J., has just celebrated her 100th birth*'
day; but strange to relate, does hot read
without glasses nor dance jigs after the >
manner of the average ceutarian.
? When you get into a tight^plac^
and everything goes against you tiritil it
seems as if yon couldn't hold out a minute
longer, never give up then, .for that is:
just the very time the tide will tum.
? At Lewiston, Pa., what is called a
"thunderbolt" was found imbedded in a
tree which had been shattered by light*
ning, It is egg shaped, three and one
half inches long, and of a metal so hard
j that a file does not affect it.
? The Delaware Legislature has
granted sixty-five divorces at the session
just closing. This is an odd !kind of
business for lawmakers to be up to. TheC :
Delaware Constitution, now nearly 100 .
years old, is indeed a curiosity.
? An exchange says thaf'Penasyiva
nia Dutch girls make good preserves ;"
but it doesn't say how much sugar you
take to a pound of Dutch: girl, norf
how long you let 'em boil. The receipt s
for preserving girls Bhould be publish-*',
ed.
? It is a curious fact that wasps' nest
sometimes takes lire, as is supposed by the
chemical action of the wasp upon the ma?
terial of which- the nest is made. Un?
doubtedly many fires of unknown origin;
in haystacks and farm houses may thus J
bo accounted for.
? The Swiss watchmakers have in?
vented a watch for the blind. A small
ptg is set in the middle of each figure.
When the hour hand is moving towards the" ]
hour the peg for that hour drops. The.
person finds the peg is down and then
counts back to twelve.
? The white of an egg has proved.one
of the?most efficacious remedies for burns...
Seven or eight successive applications .of *
this substance soothe the pain and effect?
ually exclude the burn from the' air.
This simple remedy seems preferable to
?collodion or even cotton.
?A Stubeville man thought something
was wrorigjwith his nose. It was nearly'
stopped up. After suffering from thiu
annoyance almost a year or so,-he went.
to the doctor, who removed a shoe button -
from the base part of the nasal cavity:.:
The man now breathes more easily.
? In a few of the famine stricken dis-.
tricts of China mothers are selling their
children. A missionary, who visited the.
market town of Wang Chi Ch'nan, met
many women on the streets calling out:.
"Who will buy this boy? I can't feed,
him any longer, and I don't want to hear ?
him crying about for want of food."
?In a swamp north of the town of Asf
toy, Fla., John Wilson cut a huge cy?
press tree, ar j was surprised to find
therein an alligator seven feet long. The
opening in the tree being not half large
enough to admit the reptile, it is presum?
ed it got in while young and subsisted on
small animals that therein sought isbel- ?
ter.
? A remarkable cure of catalepsy oc-1
curred in St. Louis. A young married
woman was in her coffin, about to be'bur-'
ied, when her brother-in-law saw her arm.
move. She was immediately taken out
of the coffin and two physicians called in,
who decided that life was not extinct.
After laboring some time they jiuc
ceeded in bringing her backte conscious-;;
ness. She describes heir feelings as
terrible, as she was conscious of being put
into the coffin, and not being ablei tbl
I make her condition known.
Entitled to the Beat,
All are entitled to the best that thsir
money will buy, so every family should
have, at once, a bottle of the best famlily'
remedy Syrup of Figs, to cleanse the sys?
tem when costive or billions. For sile"
in 50c. and $1.00 bottles by all leading
druggists.