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BY'GlINKSCALEi TS??h^'Column, ' ? ??????' % J. G. CLI1JKSCALES, Editor, THB HOPES ABB INTEBE?T3 OF BOYS. ;,;BY ABCHDliACOlT K?BBAIt. KVEKY BOY HAS HIS DAY. _ It has always struck me that the great are the simplest, the ||raoaS intelligible and the most universal. The whole of life might be reduced to the simple rule that two and two make four. r^That rule is every bit as applicable to \3ife as to arithmetic. Half the errors and' misfortunes' of men arise from the mis Stakei of.suppoairig that one and two make i Sfour; :or that two. and two make five. ? ..;tfow it ia just as certain as that two and ii'itiip makefour that neglect and idleness ?mean failure, and that diligence and ?' opportunity mean success. You some* " times hear somebody say "I neyer had a : *cha Do not believe him. :: Every body has . had one chance at least k. in life. "Every dog," the old proverb says,"has his day"; and so every human being has; at least his che opportunity. ^Fortune comes and knocks once in 9M lives at thie door of every one of us, will knock; at the door of every one of you; -;bnly, whea "she does knock, take care that she finds you at home, because, if not, she has an awkward habit of going p-. iway and hot coming back. .*'Thereis a tide in the affairs of men, ' i.: ;.; ^"Which, taken atthe flood, leads on to "for ? tune." .. And the same'thought is expressed by. a contemporary poet ' when he said ^; ^There : iis a jieep' nick in time's restless ? wheel for each, man's foot." For every , -one of you boys there will be a.time ^^tvhea;the tide is at the flood, , and a nick .:1a time's restless :wheel, in which you ^,iave.?nlyto pnt yourrfoot, to be uplifted - as it rises. A neglected opportunity is always like "an enemy left in the rear. .You have aU read the old legend of Tar ? quin and the sibyl. - The sibyl of oppor i; tunity comes to you with her nine books. . She";comes in -boyhood, and offers those * "Iwoks at a very moderate-price. . If you Tefase'them, she goes away and burns -three!;^''^fien^V8he''comes ..in;' your later . youth, and'offers the remaining six at the V same price. - If you -refuse, .she goes and burns three more, and comes and offers the remaining ones. If you refuse again ?\ . in manhood, she goes away and burns the last three, and that blessed sibyl of opportunity will visit you again no more. When Napoleon visited bin old school at ' -Brienne, he "made, an exceedingly short speech. All that- he said was : "Boysj . .^remember that every hour wasted now" ?h?r did" not-mean spent in necessary. :playor athletics?"is a chance of misfor? tunein. future life;" And, depend upon " it, it is. You may make up for the loss of money'and other things but you can not possibly, under any circumstances, make up for the loss of time. If you use' ?' your time now, and husband your oppor? tunities, you may be quite sure that there ; is not the least ground for any anxiety or misgiving about the future.- Every one, V; of you will have as great a chance of a happy life "as is given to any human ?. being. ./;.-...'?.?;;.??-.? ? .. . THBEE STEAIJDS.' ' There are three strands to go into the thread of every life?labor, Borrow and iI joy; but;if you do your.best now, with, high objects and purposes, although you will.not escape Borrow, yet you will cer iainiy^gain. the^ highest possible ends of -3ife'.^ /But:I;;would also impress upon yon % <that you must have diligence and thor ?oughhess. You cannot possibly get on ?unless, when the opportunity comes, you , -usejt in a thorough and vigorous way. -Nature gives you absolutely nothing for. Nothing.; . Wheu I was at the school.on nbe qiber ^side.of the valley, in'wbich" I 'labored fifteeu years, I used very often to .. hear from the boys, "Sj> and *o is an' l awfullyclever" fello*?always,at the lop, .' add be never opeua.a book"; but never id one'jiioirle. instance have I found - a \. caae iu' wh?cn .Stich boys ever did any ; jlreal good uuerward. That kind' of clev? erness ..is like grass oh the house tops, that withereth before it is grown up. All the great men of the world gained their -position by thoroughness and diligence. - -"Look at one of the most splendid and accomplished men that"England ever - produced, Sir' Walter'* Raleigh. It "was -. said of him by ah opponent: "I know that he can toil terribly." Look at Sic Isaac Newton. Hesaid that the only single '.point.in which he was superior to others, v v was this: that he had a power of concen? trate og his attention.; Take the greatest scholar of the ,'pre-Eeformation period, Erasmus. Even as a boy, he used to read by moonlight, because he could cot afford a peony to buy a torch. Look at John Milton. Even as a youth, he could Iwrite Latin like a Roman ? at quite an early-age-hehad mastered Hebrew, ; ::Greeki Syriac, Italian and French ; he was. a-'fine -fencer,'./ an accomplished - swordSmao^acd one of the/grandest and - finest students of Cambridge. Wbat was ; the secret of those immense accomplish ;. ments? ;;Why^ even. wh6n a young boy at St. Paul's School, his ardor for kn o w 1 - edge was so great that he rarely went to bed before 12 o'clock. AH these great men have'achieved greatness by exceed? ing diligence. We have^ali been griev? ing very recently over the death of the grand old Emperor of Germany, William . I, the father of united Germany and the founder of the present empire. He was not by any means a gifted man, but, although he climbed to the very giddiest height of glory, he i remained to the last the same simple, faithful, hard working man; and a friend says of him :; " When ? I passed the palace at Berlin night after night, however late, I always saw that grand, imperial figure b tan ding-up beside the green lamp; and I used to say to myself : 'That is how .the imperial crown of Germany was won.'" Three thou? sand years ago, Solomon'said, in the first place: "Whatsoever thy hand find eth todoj do it.with'all thy might"; aod -be said also: "Seest thou a man diligent ~M*V business, he shall stand before ":"kings;; he shall not stand Lefofe mean : -.men." '. ? ". . . JDifB'HIGH AI7I> :WIDJ2.*..- . .. .. . V ia mentioning ppportboity^aod thor? (voughcess,\';Xvl2?7e'^patiQ?'i^vth6 two i 3 & LANGSTON. levers of the intellectual and physical work. Bat, besides those, I would add that yo?. mast have your diligence inspired and yonr opportunity put to use by a certain heroic aspiration and resolu? tion. If you. want to be great men, useful men, successful men, truly good men, ,'you must aspire and yon must resolve. A few years ago, one of the foremost of modern Englishmen, Mr. Gladstone, came over to Fort Hill and 'gave away the prizes'to you. He is very fond of doing that service. He also gave the prizes a short time'ag&at a school at Wimbledon; and he. asked the boys this question; "If you were told to jump, what would you do ?" and the boys answered: "We would jump as high sb eyeVwe could " I give you very strongly that advice. Jump as high as yon cab, and ?s wide as yon can in life. - The great Nimrod, Mr. Assheton Smith, was once , asked bow it was that he took leaps which nobody else ever, thought of taking in the hunting field, and yet scarcely ever had a fall. His answer was: "Whenever I come to a big leap, I always fling my heart over firet; and then my body most follow." Now, I give yoa that advice in life?whenever you come to a big leap, throw your heart over. If any one of yoa not merely wishes to be something, bat wills to do something, it is perfectly certain that you-can be that thing. Youth and time, with indomitable resolution, with sleep? less energy, with endless, tenacity of par pose, are simply irresistible; aod I. do not know a single case, either as regards small or great things,' id which an English boy has determined to accom? plish this or that and bas failed. BOYS WHO SUCCEEDED. There was once in Harrow School a very poor boy, the son of a small trades? man in Harrow, who was very mach hart by thoughtless taunts about the pov? erty of his family ; and he used to say: "Never mind, I intend, before I die to ride in a coach and four"?not a.very noble ambition. But long before Dr. Parr died he had become the greatest scholar of his age, and habitually rode in- a coach and four. y When Warren Hastings was a boy. he used to grieve at the fact that his family* had lost their paternal estate at Daylesford, and to say, "I will buy that back." He grew up to be the great proconsul of. the age* He bought back the estate, and he died at Daylesford. I bad the honor of knowing Mr. George Moore. You may remember that he. came to London as a poor, unknown, anbefriended Cumberlandlad. When he entered a great commercial establishment, his.' ambition wasu_ "I intend to marry 'my master's . daughter and become my master's partner." Both those things ho accomplished; He not only became a very wealthy man, bat, what was infinitely better, a-man of great service to bis generation. About sixty years ago there- was a boy of Jewish extraction, a clerk iu a solicitor's office; and, to the intense amusement " of his companions, he used to'aay: "I intend to he Prime Minister of England." And, in Bpite of scorn, be became Prime Min? ister ; and his name was Benjamin Disra? eli. Ninety years ago there was a. boy in Staffordshire who bad been told exactly ?what I; am-riling you?that any boy who determined to be this or that could be; and he said: '*'If that be true, I will test it; and I am determined that I will be Prime Minister of En gland." That boy became Prime Min? ister, and his name was Bobert.Peel. Some fifty years ago there was a very rude and. ungainly looking , boy who seemed as if all his limbs were but of joint When seven years old, he was shoeless and penniless, at seven teen was driving a canal boat, at twenty was a rail splitter, at twenty-two was at the head, of a small shop which was very an success? ful, bat used to amuse his comrades by saying: "Never mind, I intend to become President of the United States." Hisnamawas Abraham Lincoln. It is dogged that does it, and it is thorough that does it. After all his failures, J 'o coln thought be would take to the \*\t. He bought a law book; and after break? fast he used to. go out and t*it under a tree, and, with his legs higher thau his head, moved round the tree in the shade from morn to dew eve. In that way he mastered the law book, and in time he became one of the greatest of the modern Presidents of Amorica. NOT INCH HIGH DIGNITIES ONLY. The same thing which has happened in these instances, the same career, is open' to every- one of you boys, if only yoa have the will and pay the price, which is indomitable resolution .. and steepness tenacity' of purpose. Try the experiment; and if yoa succeed, and I am not in my grave, I hope you will write and tell me. I assure yoa you can? not and will not fail. But i do n?* ye\ h to pat before yoa merely this pour and vain unsatisfactory ideal of - merely earthly success. It would riot necessarily, make you happy or more useful. I want much rather to point you, not to these Inch higher dignities, because after all the extent to which one of us differs from anof r-er in life is in Gud's sight no more tb.'j the tenth of an inch by which one blade of grass towers over its neighbor. I want rather to point yon to those eter? nal heights of moral and spiritual excel? lence which every one of you should try; to reach. I do not know whether many of yoa will become great men; some of yon, I hope, for the good of your country, will; but every one of yoa may'' become what is infinitely better?a true gentle? man, a true Christian, a truly good man, and, as we used to say at Harrow, "a profitable member of the Church and commonwealth, aod hereafter a partaker of the immoral glory of the resurrectiou." That is- the end and height which I earnestly entreat yoa all to reach. BE HONEST FIRST. You know the old story of how Sir Walter Raleigh wrote with a diamond on a window? "Fain would I climb, but that .1 fear to fall," - 1 atid Queen Elizabeth wrote under it? ?'If thy heart fail thee, do not elimb'at alt." " ' ?' i ? "i I want every one of you to climb as high as ever you, can, bat, in all your climb' iog.*," mKke^Bure.iof-climb'iog^fabo^e the vulgar standard, vulgar conventional h^bito,.yAn-4?H??caa.jfirj in proposing AN a toast, once said the youth of his coun? try reminded him of the three degrees of comparison. First, they trid to get on; then tbey tried to get honor; and then they tried to get honest. I want you to reverse those matters, and to determine at all costs, first of all, to be honest; and then, please God, you may get honor, and get on. Another inscription, writ? ten by an unhappy princess, was: "Oh, keep me innocent 1 make others great." Keep innocence, and do the thing that is right; for that shall bring a man peace at the last. I want you to get behind those words "failure" and "success." Bemember that some of the most brill? iant successes in the world are in reality the most complete and absolute failures. No man, however miserable may seem to be his fortune, can be a failure if he has been true to the eternal laws of righteous? ness ; and no man, however biilliant his ?fortune can be a success" if he has been false to his country, to his honor, or to his God: Not a Sister's Lore* When George Carson was made a homeless orphan Farmer Pendrew offered to "do for him" until the boy was of an age to take care of himself. The boy found that fate bad led him to a pleasant home, for the work was light and Buth Pendrew, the farmer's daughter, became like a sister to him. They were constant? ly together, but .never a word of love had passed between them. When the time came for George to go out into the world and make bis own way the farmer drew him aside and offered him fair wages to remain on the farm. "You see," said Pendrew, "I don't want to be all alone in my old age. Here's Bath going to be. married-?" '.'Married?" exclaimed the young man. "Well, Bichard Harne has asked for her hand and as she favors him there's nothing to prevent the match." In a few. days George started far the west to seek his fortune. There were teara in Ruth's eyes when they parted, bat George attributed that to the sisterly love she" bore him. For seven years the young man toiled with varying success until he found bis way to the mines. Here fortune took a turn. She fairly rained down her favors, and in an incredibly short space George Carson was a rich man. ; "If it bad only happened years ago!" he sighed, "but to what purpose is it now?!'. r After .awhile a strange longing came over George to visit the old scenes of his youth. ,. "Surely nobody would recognize me now," he said, with this busby beard and burly form. I might even steal a glance at Buth without her knowing?" Actiag promptly on the thought, as was his habit, be was soon retracing the journey on which he had entered more than seven years before. It was getting, ujgb*. when, after many weary days of travei, the train eet a handsome man down at a little statiou j six miles from Farmer Veadrew's house. The newcomer wasu't afraid of a good walk, s i he resolved to go at ouce. As be was walking briskly along the^ country road a man sprang suddenly out of some bushes by the wayside. From a glimpse of his face ..'which the traveler caught by the moonlight he recognized the features of Richard Harne. But the next instant the heavy blow of a bludgeon stretched George Carson sense? less on. the groud. If the assailant's purpose was robbery he had no time tn accomplish it, for the sound of approaching steps compelled him to instant flight. When George Carson returned to con? sciousness he fount] himself in bed, and' a sweet gentle face bending over him. At the first glance he .started with an exclamation of surprise. The face was Butb'a. It disappeared quickly and that of the doctor took its place. ? "She mast never know her husband's crime," he said to himself; "it would quite break he1- heart." "I think be may palely see her now,"" muttered the doctor, sfrj'ping out, and the next moment Buth entered. ? "Yon don't know how glad I am to see y<nj better, George,".he said taking his band in tbe old sisterly way. "So you know me then ?" "I knew you at the first glance," sbe answered. "Mrs.?Mrs. Harne-" he began. Her face flushed. "Why do you call me by that name ?" she asked. "Why, are you not Bichard Harne's. wife ? I'm sure I heard so." "What you heard was false, then I am Mill Buth Pendrew es you left me so many long years ago." "Thank God!,? George ejaculated. When he was strong eaough to listen to all, George beard from Buth if ber rejection of Bichard Harne's offer, also of her father's death, and bow sbe was now mistress of the old home, where sbe was now living with a maiden aunt, and whither George bad been carried by those who found him where he had been stricken down ; and how Bichard Harne had squandered all bis patrimony and become an outcast. George Carson's recovery was speedy and complete ; and it was not long till he and Buth entered in a closer rela? tionship than that of brother and Bister. ? Ayer's Ague Cure acts directly on tbe liver and biliary apparatus, and drives out the malarial poison which induces liver complaints and bilious dis? orders. Warranted to cure, or money refunded. Try it. ?.Voorhees is"going to speak in every county of Indianna. He says the Demo? crats will carry the State by over 10,000 majority, but be does not believe in leav? ing any stone unturned to make success certain. ? Shiloh's Vitalizer is what you need for Constipation, Loss of Appetko, Diz? ziness, and ? il symptoms of Dyspepsia. Pr'ce 10 all? 75 cents per bottle. For sale by Hill Bros. ? Croup, Whooping Cough and Bron? chitis immediately relieved by Shiloh's Cure. For sale by Hill Bros, DERSOST, S. C THl THE COMING SUGAR KING Fine White Sugar Made From Common Sorghum Cane. From the Weekly Kvws and Courier. DuriDg the Inter-State Farmers' En? campment, at Spartanburg, on Tuesday, August 6, the United States Commission? er of Agriculture, the Hon. Norman J. Coleman delivered the following address on the subject of the manufacture of sor? ghum into syrup and sugar: Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen : Our people are the largest sugar consum? ing people in the world. By the last re? port on the subject it is ascertained that we consume 52 pounds of sugar per capita, throughout the United States, tak? ing all purposes for which sugar is used which is about twenty-five per cent, more than the next largest consum? ing people use, that is, the English people. We are paying out annually to the laborers of other nations over one hundred millions of dollars of our hard earned money, which I hope to be able to show you can be distributed among our own people by the home production of sugar. While we are paying out at this time one hundred millions of dollars a year, yet our growth of population is go? ing on, the consumption is annually in? creasing, and in twenty or twenty-five years from now, at the least, we shall be paying, unless tbeie is a change, two hundred millions of dollars to the people of other nations. Have you ever consid? ered the drain upon your resources caused by taking this vast amount of money from your pockets and sending it to enrich other nations ? It is a question worthy of the profound consideration of the statesmen of America. We hear a good deal about our great national debt; but that, gentlemen, is a mere bagatelle in comparison with the drain caused by the purchase of our sug.-.r supply, which has become one of the necessities of life. Our public debt is due mainly to our own people. When it is paid the money again goeii into circulation and the country is not exhausted of this blood almost vital to its life. PROUD OF BEING A FARMER. I am proud to bo called one of that clasn who are engaged in cultivating the soil, and I generally feel at home in such meetings as this because I was born upon a farm and my whole life has been devo? ted lo the elevation of the farmer and to the development of our great agricultural interests, [Applause.] We farmers all know that there is no plant more at home among us than the sorghum plant. As I have travelled on my way from Washing? ton I have seen numerous patches of it growing with great vigor and freedom. I dare say wherever it is grown in this or surrounding countries or States it is one of your roost vigorious producing plants. You know as well as I.do that a rich and healthy syrup has been produced from it ever since it was introduced some thirty years ago, the Chinese sugar cane. At that time I commenced its culttivation, receiving my first supply of seed from the patent office. I made syrup from it, and to my surprise at times I would find per? haps one third or one fourth of a barrel of crystals in tbe bottom of my syrup barrel. I then commenced studying the productions of sugar, and have from that time to this given it my careful consider? ation. SUGAR CAN BE MADE AT HOME. I concluded then that if this sugar would crystalize when no effort was made to produce that result, all the sugar need? ed in our country might in time be pro? duced at home. I had noted the cultiva? tion of sugar beets. You probably know that mure than hnif the sugar now consumed by the civilized world is made from beets. You probably recollect that , Napoleon offered a bounty for its produc? tion. Although the first beets used for sugar sbowtd only about 4 per cent of saccharine matter, enterprising sugar , manufacturers, encouraged by the kind nets and bounty of the Government, have improved it-from yenr to year-until it now chows about IS per cent of saccha? rine matter, a result accomplished by careful and scientific cultivation. I argued that tbe 'same improvements could be made in sorghum culture. The first advance in that direction was tbe in? troduction of what is now called "amber ^ane." Mr. John S. Keys, of Iudiana, brought home some seed obtained while on a visit to Paris. He planted it aud succeeded in raising one stalk. It ripened earlier; he found upon examination that ita juice was richer in saccharine matter; and from that stalk of cane has been pro dnced tbe earlier amber variety, which is now to be found on nearly every farm where sorghum is cultivated. Being so early, it was taken to Minnesota and was there cultivated. The syrup was of a fine amber color. It was found to crystalize readily, and you will recollect that a good deal of sugar was produced from tbe amber cane. A great many barrels of sugar have been made from it. My friends here, Senators Butler and Vorbees, will probably recollect that a barrel of that sugar was Bent to President Hayes at tbe time that be was in Washington. This gave a great boom to the production of sugar. actual experiments. It went bo far, finally, that a large man? ufacturing establishment was erected at Champaign, III., and some60,000or70,000 pounds of most excellent sugar was pro? duced. But it was produced by what is called the "old roller mill process," which failed to extractall of the saccharine con? tents of the cane, 40 pounds only of sugar being produced to tbe ton of cane. The price of sugar was then very low, for German and French mauufactuers were makiog sugar in large amounts, a? those governments paid a bounty, not upon what sugar was-produced in the country but upon what sugar was exported from the country, thereby bringing in money This caused its manufacturers to so large an extent (bat sugar was cheapened throughout the civilized world. So it was found, after the expenditure of some $50,000 or ?60,000 in erecting the manu? factory, that it did not pay. It was like? wise tried in Kansas and other States on a small scale, and uader the old milling process it was found that not enough juice was obtained to make tho industry profitable. IKSDAY MOKNING, Such was the condition of affairs when I came to take charge of the department of agriculture at Washington. Having been giving careful consideration to the manufacture of beet sugar, I felt satisfied that there was enough saccharine in sor? ghum to make it a profitable plant from which to raise sugar. During the very first interview I had with President Cleveland, before my appointment, 1 stat? ed to him that if placed at the head of the department of agriculture, I would, in my humble judgment, be able to dem? onstrate before my term of office expired that this country would be independent of every nation on earth for its sugar. [Great applause.] He gave me some words of encouragement, but told me that I was taking a very big task upon my hands. I spoke of the importance and magnitude of the subject, of the drain which was going on from the pockets of our people, and I presume that the very fact of my evident interest in. the matter bad its influence in securing my appoint? ment. I had not been in my seat two weeks before I determined to use every exertion in my power to solve this sugar problem. STUDYING THE METHODS OF OTHER COUNTRIES. I sen t Prof. Wiley, the chief chemist of the department of agriculture, to Europe, to visit the beet sugar producing factories in France and in Germany, in order to get plans, specifications and drawing of the entire apparatus and machinery in use there. He came home with these drawings from ten or twelve different factories. He became convinced that success could be obtained, sooner or later, by adopting the beet sugar methods. We finally agreed upon a plan, the one of Pusey & Jones, of Wilmington, Delaware, manufacturers of sugar apparatus and machinery. We told tbem of the battery of cells which we wanted constructed, and a complete diffusion plant was prepared at that establishment, to be placed in the Fort Scott works, in Kansas. That was during the second year of my term of of? fice. We made some sugar. But in all new enterprises a great many unexpected ob? stacles occur, and we found difficulty after difficulty to encounter. As an ob? stacle of the greatest magnitude we fonnd that by the diffusion process the juices of the leaves were as thoroughly extracted as the juices of the etalk ; that there were certain chemical principles in the leaves which were obnoxious to the production of a good sugar. We had therefore to adopt some other method, and nearly all of our time was consumed in trying to overcome these difficulties. During the first year of our labor we had not sur? mounted them, ncr succeeded as I fondly hoped. FINE YIELDS OF SUGAR. We then had to adopt some system to get rid of these leaves. Where cane is raised as in Kansas, by the thonsand acres, employees cannot be obtained to strip the cane before putting it into tbe mill as you do, where you raise two or three acres of cane. We finally hit upon the plan of cutting the stalks into strips three inches in length, carrying these upon an endless chain, and passing them through a fanning mill, which blew off the leaves and left nothing but tbe pure eane. That first battery of cells which we had manufactured at Fort Scott was put into operation after ridding ourselves of these difficulties. We 'commenced making BUgar, and. we made there last year 235,000 pounds of as good sugar, I believe, as you ever put^down your throats. * No flouring mill ever turned out more certainly its full complement of flour to the bushel of wheat than did this cane mill turn out its full comple? ment of sugar to every ton of cane that was put in it, which in the first workings amounted to over 100 pound* of sugar to each too of cane and in the second workings to about 20 pounds, and in ad dition there were left to each ton of cane about 10 gallons of molasses. This was done by what is called the "diffusion procesB," which consists in cutting up the cane on a plan pecisely similar to that of cutting up tbe beets; slicing tbe cane into thin pieces. This is done so rapidly that your cane can be sliced as fast as it can be ground or rolled in any mill in South Carolina. These slices, of the thinnest sort, are conveyed into round cells holding one or two tons. A battery of twelve cells is so constructed that hat water ia forced from one cell to another until tbe juice stalks are ex hausted of every particle of saccharine which they contain. They are then carried out and thrown into a pile by this endless carrier system. THE VERY BEST QUALITY. Although we had adopted many of the processes used in Europe and which were essential to success, such as carbonization, the injection of acid, the German sugar process, and many others, we found after we got the pure juice unmixed with that of the leaves that it made of itself, with? out any carbonization or filtering, the finest, sweetest and best juice and the highest grade of sugar. That sugar sold right there by the carload, ready for every farmers' con? sumption,?white sugar, cheap as it was last year, at G? and 6j per . pound. I ?howed samples of it to Edward J. Gay, the largest sugar maker in Louisiana, and he said he could see no difference in the world between that and the Southern BUgar. Every farm, therefore, can be made a bu gar farm. South Carolina is as good a su gar State as Louisiana. Kansas is a.great BUgar Sale, and Senator^ Plumb, of that State, has given a great deal of attention to this matter, because other crops some times completely fail and the sorghum is the only reliable crop. Lately, as you may have Been, tbey have been having those terrible, hotsouthwest winds, which have ruined nearly half tbo corn crop, leaving it as brown and dry as if struck by the heaviest frost, yet sorghum Bimply laughs at any such heat as that. It has no fear of droughts, is one of the hardiest of plants; has tbe widest range of latitude of any plant I know. It is being pro? duced in Minnesota, where s)ine sugar and large amounts of syrup are being made, but it cannot be planted there largely ou account of the early frosts, SEPTEMBER 13, 18 which come in September. That climate requires an early variety, which can be worked up rapidly. But many of their men have made large amounts of money. Hon. S. H. Keenao, a friend of mine, is making 20,000 or 30,000 gallons of syrup and selling it there at 60 or 70 cents a gallon. SOBGHUM THE SUGAR KING. No plant in the world can, in my judg? ment, compete with sorghum as a sugar plant, first, on account of its hardiness, and second, on account of its easy culti? vation. For aoy farmer can plough du? ring winter or early spring with a cheap span of mules or horses his forty or sixty acres of ground, harrow it, drill it with his improved double cultivators^cultivate it just as he does corn, and he has raised that crop without help. Whether he is a black man or a white ms n he is capable of producing this. And, gentlemen, this seed which is produced upon that will pay the en tire cost of the cultivation. To every ton of cane there are two bushels of seed, and the' average production in Kansas and New Jersey, where this same diffusion process has been practiced, is al least twelve tons of cane to the acre and two bushels of seed to the ton. What other plant can compete with it? Will the Southern sugar cane? It has no auch compensating returns. This seed is just as good for feeding horses, cattle, sheep, swine and poultry as Indian corn. Indeed, the Philadelphia dairymen pay to the Bio Grande sugar men ten cents more for the seed of sugar cane than for Indian corn. They feed their horses entirely upon sorghum with the addition of a little bran. They fatten upon it the finest hogs I have ever Been, and their swine command a premium in the markets. There is no better food- for sheep or cattle. It is probbably better to have it run through a roller or grinder and to have some bran mixed with it. But I say it is equal to the Indian corn, and produces about the same number of bushels to the acre, and the seed will pay the cost of cultivation. THE LOUISIANA SUGAR. If any of you have visited the Louis? iana sugar plantations you know what a slow, tedious job it is to raise cane there, and bow much help it requires. Here no such skill is required. Here we have a climate where man can work loDger and do more; we have land that is cheaper and the time is surely coming* gentlemen, when in every neighborhood you will have your sugar mills as in the wheat growing States you have your flouring mills. The time is coming when you will have your sugar factories just as you have your cotton gins; when white man and black man can raise their cane, haul it to the factory, have it converted into sugar, get as they do in Kansas from $2 to $3 a ton cut right from the field, leaves and all, cash every Saturday night, the sugar manu? facturer converting it, and making a good deal more money than the farmer does. [Applause.] Here is an opportunity for capital to enter and make money. Take a ton of cane and see what it produces. It pro? duces 10? pounds of sugar the first -work? ing; if there is another reboiliog it pro? duces 20 pounds more?120 pounds of sugar. What is that worth ? What are you paying for sugar now ? For the quality produced I undertake to say yon will pay 8 cents, but say 6 cents. That is $6 for the first run, $1 20 for the sec? ond?$7.20. Then there are two bu.-ihels of seed to every ton of caoe, worth as much as corn, which I presume to be worth 50 cents; that is $1 more, making $8.20. Then there are at least ten gal? lons of molasses, worth $2 more?$10.20. Yet the manufacturer has paid but $2.60 for that from which he gets his $10.20. Can anything be more profitable than that 1 It appears to me that tbcre can? not. BE8ULT OF THE EXPERIMENT. ? I wish to impress upon your minds this point: that in these ^experiences, which have been conducted there have been no mistakes. Last year Col. Ed? ward H. Cunningham, of Texan, who is raising about 1,000 acres of Southern sugar cane, having seen how successful our experiments were, wrote to me after reading an interview with the Associated Press reporter, to ask if all I had stated was true. I replied that the best way to determine that was to go to Fort Scott and examine for himself, see the cane cut in the field, the stalks 'run through the mill, the sugar produced, measured and weighed, and then decide for himself. In addition I advised him to take along with him the best sugar expert be could find in Louisiana. He followed my advice, and went there for two weeks, taking his sugar expert, who remained a month. He went home per? fectly convinced that that was the true system, saying he could not afford to run the old process any longer. He has this year put in a complete battery of cells and planted 700 acres of sorghum in ad? ditional to his sugar cane, thus nearly doubling the value of his plant, increasing the number of days in which he works, and increasing the profits of the plant to a very large extent. This new system of diffusion which I have described succeeds not only with sorghum but equally well with the Southern sugar caoe. Last year we car? ried on experiments in Louisiana on the plantation of a Southern sugar cane-plan? ter with the cane-that he selected. I left it entirely with the committee of an asso ciation to determine whose mill should be tried, and I believe they chose the mill that had obtained a larger per cent than any other. While the owner of this mill extracted one hundred and seventy or one hundred and eighty pounds of sugar, the department of agriculture from the'same cane got two hundred and for? ty odd pounds to each ton of cane, and Governor Warmouth this year said that he could no looger afford to run the old mill. He has put in a system of diffu? sion, a battery of cells, in order not to waste anything. FINE YIELDS EROM THE CANE. Throughout the whole State of Louis? iana the average amount of sugar obtained from a ton of cane is less than one hun? dred and thirty pounds, ajlittle over one hundred pounds. And why? Because with their ponderous mills they are S88. afraid of a break. If they break their mills the working reason is delayed per haps two or three weeks or more; for tbcy must be sent to the foundry to be repaired. They do not, therefore, crush out all the juice that is in the cane. I have frequently taken it up, wrung it, and seen the rich drops of juice dripping from it in stream?. They say they cannot afford to exhaust it of this juice for fear of breaking their mills. What is more pleasant than all, gentle? men, with our system as carried on at Fort Scott, we obtained, from six carloads of cane sent to us by. Edward J. Gay, 70 pounds more per ton than anybody pre? dicted we could. They say that they cannot afford to run their old system, ob? taining the above small amounts; some other system is to be adopted, and they say if this system of diffusion holds out they can laugh at the tariff. They can make sugar there so cheaply, as tbey gradually- rid themselves of their old mills, that if the Government is deter? mined to deprive them of this protection tbey can still make sugar and make it profitably. LOOK BEFOBE YOU LEAP. I recommend that none ofyou immedi? ately go to making . sugar. I presume that I could have induced the establish? ment of numbers of factories this year, bad I thought proper to do so. Bnt what gentleman of good common senHo would undertake to run any manufactur? ing establishment without either under? standing it thoroughly himself or obtaining an expert to manage it for him ? Skill is required, and one of the first things we need is a school for instruc? tion. Wc ought to have a school in every State to teach men how to make sugar by this new process, to qualify them to run these factories, to educate them in the business, and then we shall see our sugar factories established everywhere throughout the country. Every neigh? borhood can do it. Farmers can do it. Of course, under this process, which we have now, to establish a good plant would cost some $25,000 or $30,000. But I am carrying on experiments in New Jersey this year with a much simpler plant costing from $P,000 to $7,000. Last year in New Jersey one acre of ground, care? fully measured by Mr. Hughes, produced 1,970 pounds of sugar. You will find that in our agricultural reports, and I will say that if those who are specially interested in studying this matter will write to me for the department of agri? culture reports, where all of this has been laid before the public, I shall be very happy to send it to them. THE IMPOBTANCE OF THE BUSINESS. The importance of this new industry to the American people I wish to Impress upon you very strongly if I can. You know something about the over-produc * tion of farm products that is going on in this country. You know that if tbere was not so much cotton .produced it would bring a better price, if tbere was not so much wheat produced it would not be selling at 50 or 60 cents a bushel. I have lately been through Dakota, Montana and Manitoba, and language will not enable me to describe to you the extent of that country. Day after day I rode through the richest prairie lands I ever saw; they seemed to me limitless in extent. It was like going out into the great Atlantic Ocean with a boundless expanse upon every side of you. Land can be taken tbere as a homestead. Emigrants are flocking and living there in houses, tents and cabins of every con? ceivable kind. If ground is ploughed this summer and next summer it will produce thirty bushels of corn to tbe acre. Some of the syndicates formed in the East cultivate 30,000 or 40,000 acres of wheat. It is true tbey have a rigorous climate in winter, but they sow wheat in April, harvest in August and thrash in Septem? ber, and in October it is on the way to the Eastern market, and tbey sell out and go to their homes in the East. Everything is conducted on those huge farms with military precision. They have the best horses and mules, who are up every morning at 5 o'clock, tbe horses and mules are curried and fed, the harnees is put on tbem ; by 6 o'clock they are through breakfast and go out and work with a gang of fifty or sixty horses and ploughs. No(7, tbe average American farmer cannot afford to produce wheat in com? petition with such labor and organization as that in possession of such land as that. How is it with other products ? How has tbe average farmer succeeded lately ? A good many of them Within my knowledge have been losing money. Pork has been selling in Missouri and Kansas at three cents a pound, corn at fifteen- cents a bushel when they have good crops. Tbere is no money to be made in that. We have got to look to some other crop. MAKE WHAT YOU CONSUME. This nation ought to produce every? thing which is consumed here, if it is adapted to its production. We ought not to be sending our hard earned moneys off to enrich tbe laborers and proprietor of other nations. We want to keep this hundred million and soon this two hundred million here at home to en? rich our people,developing our resources, increasing our prosperity and giving wealth to our farmers. (Applause.) We must do it by encouraging the develop? ment of new industries. I should be doing great injustice to tbe distinguished Senators rho are here if I did not say that they have appreciated the magnitude and importance of this interest and have willingly and cheerful? ly voted to encourage it. After alluding gracefully to South Carolina's grand achievements in tbe past, and thanking tbe intelligent audi? ence for their appreciative attention, Commissioner Colman stated that be would be glad to talk privately with any farmers who felt an interest in bis subject, and ended by offering to respond by letter to any wjio desired further information. ? We knew of no mode of treatment which offers, io sufferers from chronic disease?, a more certain hope of cure than that which is comprehended in the qse of Ayer'a Sarsaparilla. For purify? ing and invigorating the blood, this preparation is unequaled, _VOLUME Tribunals of Birds. Tbo animal creation, whether of beasts or birds, is full of wonders, and its mem? bers often exhibit an intelligence and power of thought, a design and aim in their doings, strangely akin to what we see in human beings. Natural history is full of examples confirming and illus? trating this statement, and observation is continually adding to their number, one of the most singular and curious'of which is seen in what has been called, as in our title, "The Tribunal of Birds." As one instant of this, the writer will state what he himself has witnessed, and in three-different cases where be has mentioned it to others they have told him that they had themselves seen ' sub? stantially the same thing. He was going with a friend through a woody and sandy part of lower New Jersey, when his attention was arrested by a large gath? ering of cows on the border of the woods, who were flying about with not a little noise, and excitement, so much so that, as he drew cautiously near, he did not seem to be noticed. Quietly seating himself with his friend on a log he con? cluded to watch their doings, when he saw the strange and curious proceeding, a brief account of which follows. In number the crows might have been some fifty or sixty. Most of them were - flying backward and forward, filling the air with their cawing. One was sitting on a branch, some twenty feet above the the ground, as if supervising the whole scene, and at intervals uttering a sharp and authoritative "caw" to the others. On the ground below, entirely by them? selves, were two crows, silent and appar? ently depressed, who were evidently the objects of the gathering. Whether they were sick, or old and feeble and disabled, or had committed some crime against the crow-law, their language did not inform us, but they looked and acted like culprits, and so seemed to be regard? ed by the others. My friend thought he once or twice heard some sound from them, which he fancied might be a tone of remonstrance or complaint, or perhaps of appeal for pity; but the writer did not notice it. For some minutes the great body of crows were flying about energetically and cawing, but soon the n*ise diminished, and most of them had settled upon the trees, when suddenly, as if at some signal, or by some simultane? ous impulse, they all darted upon the two culprits or offenders on the ground, and literally tore them to pieces, scatter? ing their feathers on every side, after which the entire flock dispersed and flew away. ? Since witnessing the sight .thus men? tioned, the writer has been told by an old and leading physician of New Jersey, that he has twice in bis lifetime witnessed a similar transaction among the crows; and a young friend says he has once, when out hunting, seen substantially-the same thing, except that, in the last case, the victim was but a single crow. In each instance, the offender, whatever his offence might have been, was torn in pieces by bis associates. And so we see, in a leading journal of Geneva, in Switz? erland, that a well know Alpine tourist publishes an account of the proceedings of a "raven tribunal," which he acciden? tally witnessed, while in an excursion in the Swiss mountains. Descending from the region of the glaciers, he came upon a glen surounded by thick woods, concealed in which he witnessed, as be says, a strange spectacle. Some sixty or seventy ravens formed a circle round one of their number, whose conduct they were eagerly discussing, with great' clatter of croaking and Clapping of wings. Every now and then they interrupted their noise to ?bten, for a moment, to the energetic cawing of the culprit, .who seemed to be defending himself with earnestness and vigor, the apparent judges breaking out as soon as he closed into a deafening chorous of comments and replies to his statements. And soon, having arrived at their con? clusion, they flew upon the arraigned bird from all sides, and tore him to pieces with powerful beaks, and then dispersed, leaving the remains of the executed offender strewed upon the ground. And this narrative from the Geneva papers leads a correspondent of the Daily Telegraph to Bay on the same subject that when be was riding on horseback near Norfolk, in England, he was startled by hearing an unusual commotion among the rooks of the neighborhood. Quietly tying his horse, he crawled to a gap in the hedge of a a grass field in which a "rook trial by jury," as he calls it, was going on. The culprit, be says, "at first appeared very perky and jaunty," though surrounded by somo forty or fifty of bis evidently indignant associates, while an referring of some hundreds were incessantly and loudly cawing with far greater indigna? tion than was shown by the more select number. After a few minutes, however, he says the manner of the culprit sud? denly and wholly changed. He bent bis head, cawed weakly, as it were implor? ingly and dropped his wings, as if pleading for mercy. But it was useless. The select circle closed upon him at once and, poking him to pieces, left a mangled carcass in less time than one could write it. Then they all flew away with a sort of exulting scream, some to the rookery and some to .the neighboring fields. On picking up the remains, he adds, "I found but a shapeless mass, but was able to discern that it was a male bird."? Christian Weekly. ? John McAdams, of Monroe, Ga., went out early the other morning for a still hunt. He waited patiently for game, and just after daylight, heard something in the bushes. He sat still, and pretty soon was sure be saw a deer moving among the trees. Taking delib? erate aim, he fired and lodged a load of buckshot in the neck of his father, who he supposed was at home. The old man is likely to die. ? For lame back, aide or chest, use Shiloh's Porous Plaster. Price 25 cents. For sale by Hill Bros. ? Shiloh's Cough aud Consumption Cure is sold by us on a guarantee. It cures Consumption. For sale by Hill Bros. 2 XXIV.?NO. 10. All Sorts of Paragraphs. ? Babbits are becoming a nuisance in - Colorado. ? It. costs the Emperor of Austria $600,000 to entertain the Czar of-Eussia for three days. ? One million dollars in counterfeit j coin and notes are being destroyed by the ' treasury department at Washington. ? It is curiously claimed that there has never yet been a genuine case of hydrophobia or rabies in any of the Pa- : cific coast States or Territories. ? The cyclone in Kansas was not altogether an ill wind. Thousands pf ^'r English sparrows were killed by light*'^ ning or beaten down and drowned. ? The entire taxable property of the Stale of Georgia, as returned by the. property owners the present year|.;fe;:$ $357,863,338. This is an increase of $12j^ 258,000 over last year. ? The home crop of rice being short last year, large quantities of the East ' India article have been imported. The finest in tbe world is said to be grown in Java from Carolina seed. ? Pennsylvania has some girls worth having. In the haying season, a gentle? man during a short drive counted nine young women driving two-horse mowers, and 17 managing borse rakes. ? A double headed infant, it is said,' was recently born to a French family named Reoulbault, living at Manchester,, N. H. The child is reported othewise well formed, active and likely to live. ? New York will hold a big tobacco^ exhibition next winter; There are 500,-. 000 retail tobacco dealers in the.United States and 500,000 workers interested in the manufacture of smoking and chewing . tobacco. ? A Texas paper mentions a weddin in which a romantic young man named _ Lightfoot was married to a young woman " in the middle of Bed river, the preacher . and everybody else having waded out from shore. ?<f3?* ? A man over in Tennessee, who is *; about to marry the fourth time, is less ;'/ than 40 years old, and a financier sag- ? gests that if he bad only insured tbe lives of each dear departed he might now rank '?;% among millionaires. ? It is estimated that 50,000 mocking birds are caught monthly in the imme-.? diate vicinity of New Orleans. There are so many of these birds caught in Louisiana that it- is thought they will soon become extinct. ? A Colorado judge has held that a man is obliged to tell bis wife where he haJ^eu^when he goes home late. It is ' K evide^Sgf^it the judge is married and belongs to some lodge, and wants all the other fellows put in tbe same position as . himself ? The fastest long distance- run on a railroad west of Chicago is claimed to have been made this week on the Union Pacific line, when a special train made r ' an average rate of speed, including stops, between Cheyenne and Omaha of 49.miles an hour. ? ? There is a lake in Nevada which contains tbe largest deposit of natural hair dye in tbe world. By bathing regu- v;f larly in it it is possible to change tbe color of your hair to a golden blonde, and/.;j? if the bathing be persisted in any length of time to a beautiful shade of red. ? When the President of France is . ? elected it is for seven years. He receives ' as salary $120,000 a year, and $60,000 for household expenses. He lives hand? somely. When he retires from office, beside the honor which will attach to hiajjgj name, if be has been a wise magistrate, he will be a rich man. " ? Indignant Physician?"Man, what ^.J have you done? You sent my patient the wrong prescription audit killed him!" Druggist (a calm-man, accustomed to j abuse)?" Vhell, what ras der matter ^ mit you ? Last week I sent your odder ] patient der right berscription, und dot killed him. How can somebody blease ? sooch a man?" ? Leading tobacconists say that thj use of tobacco is rapidly decreasing the years go by, and that at tbe present rate the weed will cease to be an article V of commerce during tbe next half cen? tury. This is probably the reason the_\ Republicans want to take the tax off from it, hoping to stimulate tbe consump? tion by reducing the price. ? Tbe "Champion frog-eater" of Basle France, recently wagered five francs and a quart of brandy that he could swal-" low three dozen live frogs at a sitting,' He won, but was immediately seized with ;: horrible internal pains, and nearly died ] before he could swallow chemicals enough 1 to get the frogs out of him. . When they. - were ejected fifteen of them were dead, but tbe rest were still alive. ? John A. Bobinson, a wealthy and y eccentric citizen of Norwich, Conn., diedjRg recently. His will provided that hisv body be kept three days before beiag_^ placed in tbe grave. It was further ordered that the grave be so made that J an exit from it would be easy. A ham|w mer was to be placed near his right hand I and a lamp kept burning in the grave for v three days and nights. These directions $ were carried out to the letter, but with - no startling result. ? A Georgia man, who Las been roughing in on Green Islaud' this snm-^-y* mer, has devoted much time to studying ]Si the habits of the turtle and to gathering her eggs. He says that no one having j taken the eggs from a turtle's nest can get them all back in again. Those whc have tried it find that after filling the nest tbey have enough eggs remaining to fill one or two more just such holes tbe sand. When Mother Turtles lays at egg she paddles it in tight with her feet/ and so, egg by egg, until the nest is full$3 and the elasticity of the shells permit some extremely close packing that no/ man has been able to duplicate. Tbe Babies Cry For It? And the old folks laugh when they fincT^y that the pleasant California liquid fruif3H remedy, Syrup of Figs, is moro caailyJB taken and more beneficial in its ectionjH than bitter, nauseous medicines. It is a'^-:; most valuable family remedy to act on tbe bowels, to cleanse the system, and dispel colds, headaches, and fevers.^ Manufactured only by the Califorhial^H? Syrup Company, San Francisco;"'C^j^ For sale by Simpson, Reid & Co. ? 9'' v":