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B? CLINESCALE - - *_.? ?. J. G. OIMKSGALES, Editob. EE IT OBI AL COEBBSFONDEItCE. Gbeeitvtlls, 8.0., June 28. i At this , writing, the * Inter-Coanty :$^^lnttttai? ?oves along nicely, ^bo^^i^t^e^e^s hi^-been -enrolled; ?ndereori being well represented, both in numbers and quality, tt is indeed grati? fying to us to notice now deeply interest? ed our teachers are in the lessons and in the afternoon discussions. Many of them ha^e"Attendjed;.all the Institutes we have >hAa in AncTerseu Connty- and appreciate Vw^&^^ from such things. Several of them are now attend ih^^eir.firatJn&tjtute; and are charmed Uv.wi*? what ihey ssb and tear. All concerned deeply regret the inabil? ity of Professors Blair and Branson to be . ? present. Telegrams were received in? forming us of the serious illness of mem? bers of their families. The latest from ~ Prof. Blair is that he hopes to he able to reaeh this place Saturday, thus giving us , one week's work instead of two as we had hoped to gei. Dr. Klemm, Prof. Pritchard and Miss - ::vj3ojjh^t8^Qrin .good.^rinx and fill their pieces admirably. Dr. Klemm, as all ottr teachers know, is just back from an. extended trip through Europe. His purpose was to examine and see operated - the best methods employed in the Eu? ropean schools. We think we do not exaggerate when we say that his lectures: on school methods are intensely interest - ing. l The doctor is an. enthusiast; he is himself authority on school work, and is all the time brim fell of striking and ; Buggestive ideas. Last night he lectured on Paris and Berlin. He talked one lioar and a half, and. held the attention of his intelligent audience throughout, j, \" "Prof. Pritchard has Grammar and Pen-'I : inanship, and measures fully up to what we expected from what we knew of him: I as a College student. ' Miss Bonham, of the Columbia Graded Schools, is simply charming when stand ihg before a class. Losing sight of self she is completely buried in the subject she handles, and at once rivets the atten? tion of every mehiber of the class. No one ban fail to be impressed by her earnestness, and few fail to be inspired by her wonderful tact in handling subject! .and class. u We have been particularly interested in. her work during the last three days. If any man thinks that there is nothing for . him to learn about teach ing the primary branches, he has only to attend one of her recitations to be con? vinced of hia-own stupidity. A dry {reading lesson when put in the hands of Miss-Bonham is made to sparkle with beauties sufficient to dazzle the brain of , A novice. Miss Bonham's work alone is * 'worth the time and expense bf the Insti? tute. How I wish some of the hard shells in Anderson County would just :.v hear her thirty. minutes 1 She would put their heads to 'whirling and make them , recognize their own fossilized condition. Our teachers are coming in on nearly every train. Miss Carrie Watkins came. in from Denver to-day. Miss Lou Car? penter writes she will be here Saturday, accepting the troth of the old maxim, "Better late than never.". We regret to loam that Misses Minerva and Lou Drake are detained at home by the serious illness of their brother. These two young ladies have always been faith- < ful and are much missed by some of us. ""Miss Nora Hubbard is greatly missed too, Vbtft we cheerfully excuse her, as she is preparing t? go to Monteagle to take a . special course in Latin and Algebra. We would be delighted to see many others go with Miss Nora; we are glad to have Anderson represented at so celebrated a place by so worthy and so successful a ; teacher as. Miss Nora. . . _ Mr. J. B. Watkins has not put in his . appearance here yet. He will pretty soon, however, and will go a whole scholar when he does. Our teachers are comfortably quartered , here, about ten of them being at one boarding house. It is gratifying to us to t>: know that they are always punctual at the daily sessions of the Institute. On Monday Mr. May field slated that the morning sessions would begin at 9 o'clock if the teachers were in place, but at 9.80 if they were tardy.* We assured him that we could speak for our teachers, and would undertake to say that they would be on hand when the clock struck 9. Our remark caused a ripple of laughter among the teachers from the other coun? ties. We thought we knew whereof we spoke, and we did?our teachers did not }. fail us. When the clock struck 9 Tues? day morning, every Anderson teacher in Greenville was in the hall ready for bus- \ iness. That is more than can be said for; the teachers of any other County. Let us say that we were proud of our teach ers, and took considerable delight in! twitting friend May field with the excu? sable tardiness of his. J. G. 0. ?i.? ? - . Mr. Ejditob.: Having recently attend? ed the closing exercises of Prof. J. B. Watkins* school at Honea Path, the Wil ;?: liamaton Female College, the Patrick Military Institute, and Mr. W. P. Hol- I "? land's school at Lebanon, and being im? pressed with the advantages arising from auch, I am inclined to say a few words on these occasions. In the first place they intensify the I interest of the patrons in the school, each (- of the children having a place on the programrap. On account of these events I the pupils carry with them from school light hearts and pleasant recollections of their school days. Such occurrences I give the teacher an opportunity to illus? trate' his efforts during the session. They stimulate and energize the scholars. The addresses, speeches, recitations and music are, if wisely selected, well calculated to I wield an influence in the vicinity for good, as every parent is sure to remember most of what Lizzie and Willie have to say. By these occasions the whole com # munity is brought together and more closely united. And if, instead of being rough, boisterous gatherings, they are characterized by an elevated and refined and well-disciplined appearance, the social and moral status of the neighbor? hood will be ameliorated and elevated. S & LANGST?N. -Ab^flTali things, the closing exercises of a school should be overshadowed and pervaded by a genuine religious influence. Let no community then discourage, bat encourage, the teachers, and help them to make the last day of the session s most enjoyable and beneficial occasion. The cause of education ia second only to that of religion, and is close akin to it Keep the moral and intellectual training together, if possible, bat by all means do not let the moral training Jag behind. And in these closing exercises care should be taken to so arrange and control them as to make them a power for good. The selections should be morally healthy and sound, aod each as will inspire the school and public to a nobler life of usefulness ; and energize the young people to earnest* ly and honestly strive to attain to noble and devoted manhood and womanhood. As I have already said, t was impressed with the good influence likely to flow from the closing exercises of Williamston Female College, Honea Path High School, Patrick Military Institute and W. P. Holland's School. Let such events be encouraged. *** Skilful Tillage of the Soil. It is, doubtless, a blessing to the far* mer as a class that there is so much un? skilful farming. Were every man of the four or five millions engaged in. this occupation in this country a thoroughly skilled workman, the amount of produce made would far exceed the local or. foreign demand, and glutted markets and nominal prices would be the result. Farming would be overdone, there would be too much made for the demand, and the calling would be even less remunera? tive by far than it is now. We conclude, then, that poor and unskilful farming, inasmuch as it occa? sions a shortage in crops, and thus keeps the markets from becoming too crowded, is a benefit to the farmer class, both col? lectively and individually. As unskilful farming is general throughout the land, the shortage caused by it amounts to a great deal, and the relief wrought by it saves the farmer from utter bankruptcy, no doubt, by giving him better prices for what he does make. But for this relief, it it would not be possible for farmers to maintain themselves at present prices for what they buy. No doubt it is because of the somewhat better degree of skill that has prevailed in farming within a few years past that the present low prices are in part due. Larger crops have been made, which, of course, affected the prices. We know, from general observation and common report, that the mass of farmers are saving no money at all and a accumulating no property; while on the other hand, there are a few men who are making headway and becoming inde? pendent. These latter are the few who are good skilful farmers. They manage to make money, despite the low prices, not, by reason of big crops, but better crops. Their skill manifests itself in the quantity of what they produce, but they are careful not to have .it necessary to increase the size of their barns. The last paragraph answers the ques? tion that we suppose the reader was about to ask us, namely: Is skill in farming, then, undesirable ? By no means, if it is applied in the right directions, that is, as we have said, to the standard of qual? ity, and not of mere bulk swell of crop. As knowledge may. be a bad thing badly directed, so skill in farming may be a bad thing for the farmers when it leads in wrong directions. ~ This is the fault with much of the skill of the present day. It ia leading farmers the wrong way. As long as this is the case unskilful farming is a blessing in disguise- But skill in this occupation is highly desirable, nevertheless. The far* mer wants relief from labor. He is giv? ing too many hoars to his work. He is constantly sinking the intellectual and the te?thetical in the ceaseless animal drudgery of twelve and fourteen hours a day. He needs the ten hour system? needs relaxation and rest mixed in with his daily toil. Skilful farming will bring this. It will save him time for some of the relaxations of life, aod still afford him all that he needs for a good, substantial living. It is not a slipshod farming that we need in order that far ? mere may be men. It is the highest skill in the art that we want, to prevent the farmers from being always the mere ani? mal drudge in the human hive.?Peter?' burg Index. Why I am a Poor Man. "Wool Hat," in Planter's Advocate, tells us the folllowing plain story why he I is poor: "I am poor because I buy more than I , sell. In the first place, T buy a part of my meat from the North we'"; u?) L> I comes from Portland, in the taking of [ which the Hainlanders receive a bounty from the government. My onion Bets and ail my garden seeds comes from Michigan. I sold the wool from eigh? teen sheep at 37} cents per pound to an agent of the manufacturing company at Beading, Pa.; four months afterwards I bought a hat from the same company paying at the rate of six dollars a pound for the wool. The hide of a buck I sold for five cents per pound. It went to Elmira, N. Y., was tanned, sent back and I bought it at 85 cents a pound, and it weighed more than it did when I sold it. My ax handles come from Connecti? cut, my matches from Delaware, my pen, ink and paper from New York. Am I the only fool in Georgia?" ? No medicine is more conscientiously prepared, more powerful, Or more highly concentrated, than Ayer's Sarsaparilla. Its standard of excellence is the result of careful study. This preparation is acknowledged by the medical profession to be the best blood purifier, ? Prince of Wales is a very busy man. His social duties are so pressing that he often eats while his servants are dressing him. He has exhibited considerable patience. ? No injurious effects can follow the use of Ayer's Ague Care. It contains an unfailing antidote and specific for mias? matic poisons,, together with remedial agents which purify and re invigorate the system. The Backwoods Philosopher Slgha for the Brush. What a great thing it is to be an artist. How often have I envied Horace Bradley, who can so skilfully catch the pictures of nature as they pass and have them trans? ferred to the printed page; so that the milliohs may see What he saw find feast upon the scene. What a still greater gift it is to use pen and pencil as Porte Gray on did in the loDg- ago, and .'delight the mind as well as the eye. If we could sketch what we see with o?r eyes and describe the surrounding as we feel them in our hearts, it would be a double pleas? ure to mankind. I wish I had a little pocket camera that would take a photo? graph in an instant, and attact nobody's attention, one that I could just draw a focus on ft novel scene or landscape or a pretty face, or even a dog fight, ?nd.take a picture no larger than a dime, and then have it expanded by a larger instruement. I read in the Scientific American that the French artists will take a sheet of paper that is six feet square, and has 5,000 words written upon it, and will photograph it down to two inches upon a slip of thin vellum, and tie that round the long feather in a carier pigeon's tall and send the bird 500 miles in a day, and then haveJhe vellum magnified so that every word can be read. Last Sunday morning two hardy coun? trymen called at the commissary store to borrow a pick and a shovel wherewith* to dig a grave. They said that old man Wade was dead, the old man with the dropsy. He had been as good as. dead for a long time and his wife and their in? valid daughter had nursed him for years. They were poor, very poor, and the old woman worked out when she could and so they had kept out of the poorhouse and kept the wolf from the door. Not long ago she took a contract for splitting rails and without help of any kind cut and split 400 a week and pocketed her two dollars on Saturday with a thankful heart and a "Bless God for his goodness." For yean this strong-armed and strong hearted woman has maintained the fami? ly and comforted tha suffering invalids. She is as much a heroine as was Joan of Arc, for she did what she could and does all she can and never complains. She works up to the fall measure of her capa? city. Sunday evening the funeral procession came by, .and it was then that I wanted Horace Bradley with' hie sketch book. The cortege was a yoke of oxen drawing a dirty ore wagon?a wagon with a Bfrong straight frame that the ore haulers use. A nabor had loaned this humble hearse, and a pale faced boy of sixteen had vol? unteered to drive. A plank seat had been placed across in front of the old woman and her daughter, and the black stained coffin took up the space behind them. The pale faced boy walked and drove the oxen. Slowly the slow, team moved along the sandy road, sad and silent the old woman and her daughter leaned to each other with folded arms, and their old-fashioned sun bonnets almost touching, and their homespun garments showing that even poverty can be clean. I wanted to look upon their care-worn faces, but they turned not; neither to the right nor to the left. They too seemed dead?or almost dead, and so did the oxen and the . boy?so still, so slow, so sad, So solemn. Never was there a more touching picture for the artist's pencil. We thought this team was all, and we wondered, but by and by another bx team came in sight and then a buggy with the preacher and then some more of the humble people walking, and by the time the country graveyard was reached, there was quite a gathering of those who had come to join with simple prayer and song and help to pat the old man in the ground. Verily it does not cost much to die and be buried?at the mines, and there is no difference to the dead. They sleep as well as at Green? wood. There was another picture that would have rejoiced Horace Bradley. It was a court scene?a trial by a magistrate, a trial of a man for assault with intent to kill a man. The prosecutor was a black? smith and the defendant was a white? smith who had seized a hatchet and or? dered the blacksmith to get oat of his store or qait cursing, whereupon the black? smith affected great indignation and sued out a warrant for assault with intent to kill. The case was tried in the middle of a big road. The old squire was sitting on the ground in his shirt sleeves, and when the parties all arrived he told the constable to open court, and the cons table said: "Oh yes, oh yes; this court opens to adjoarnmeot. Take notice and govern yourself accordin'." The prosecutor was sworn and told his tale. The defendent and his son were sworn, and the squire said : "Now, gentlemen, I have seen it somewhere or hearn tell somewhere tbat a man and his son can't both testify in a case, but I will hear any one of you whichsoever you choose." There were no lawyers to discuss this grave question and so the defendant told his tale, and then two darkies testified and the old squire took a chew of tobacco and said. "Well, gentlemen, I don't see as how this here case is much of a case, and nobody's been hurt or was likely to be, and there was no scrimmage to justify the warrant, but I've been bothered and pestered right smart and lost more than half a day, and I can't fool around such business for nothin', and my costs hav got to be paid by sombody or the office hain't worth nothin', but an accommoda? tion, and as the prosecutor can't pay it and the defendant can, I will jest fine him two dollars and quit. Mr. Constable, you can collect them costs and then ad? journ the court, for bus'ness is bis'ness." "Well, I'll be dogon'd," said an ore digger. "Two dollars for pickin' up a hatchet end tellin' a feller to go out of your house. Dogon'd if it won't be dangerous for a feller to take up a hatchet to nail on a plank. Bat I reckon the judgment of the court was about right, for he mast have bis costs and they must pay it who can. When I came home there was another picture on the shaded lawn that fronts my house, and which is a good part of our home. Children had gathered there to frolic, and some were swinging and ANDERSON, S. C, some were in the hammock and some were playing bafle atid all Were merry &nd happy &J toe birds thai. watchecTthem from the leafy trees. .How fnnoceh'tly envious we are of these children. With what sweet longing we look upon their sportive ways, their glowing faces and listen to their merry laughter, and as they race and f an and play around us. It is a right sad thing to grow old?too old, too stiff to play, and sometimes we whisper ? line tif the old song, "Oh, would I were a boy agaln.^' 1 was amused at a friend who is himself ap? proaching the ahady side; and wh? watched them boys until he said he could'nt stand it any longer, and so with a grunt he got down upon the ground and joined the boys who were playing 'mumble peg,' and with the eagerness of | his youth went through the same old formula of palms and backs, and fists and fingers, and shoulders and ears, and break the chicken's neckj and hugging Sal, and shaving Patsy, and nose and chin fore* head, and ride the horse to water, and jump the fence, and slap the baby, and drop the bucket, and turn over the world. Then came the peg?driving the peg. It was about two inches long and had to be driven with the back of the knife. One stroke with the eyes open and one with them shut, and then the languished player has to get down on his marrow bones and pull it tip with his teeth. Next day evening there Was another picture?one that will not fade from our memory?never, no never. The marriage alter was erected in our home?our own home, and our black eyed daughter stood up before it and confessed to the man of j her choice. She has gone away and left us. As a good old mother remarked, "She has gone off with a man who never did do a thing for her but give her a ring and a book and a little French candy now and then." The parlor was tri med with flowers, and evergreens. The pretty gifts that came from kindred and friends adorned the tables, feith and kin were gathered as witnesses, and soon the preacher came and made them promise-* the same old promise that we made nearly forty years ago?the promise that our parents made and grand parents?the promise that when well and faithfully kept brings peace and love and happiness to the poor as well as the rich. How bright, how beautiful the world looks now, but clouds will come and sorrow for such is the common lot. May Ood temper the wind to the lambs of our flock. One by one they leave us for other loves that are stronger than ours. Another leaf will soon be taken' from the table?another chair is vacant. Another shadow will cloud the mothers's face when the even? ing lamp has closed the busy day and her thoughts turn to the missing child. But all this is a part of the battle of j life and it becomes us all to meet it bravely. Bill Abp. Japan Turning to Christianity. London,.June 9.?The Japan Weekly Mail in a recent issue summarizes the discussion now being carrried on iu Ja? pan by several eminent publicists re? specting the advisability of the people of that country embracing the Christian religion. A movement, supported by some very prominent men, is on foot to give impetus to the spread of -Christiani? ty by laying, stress on the secondary benefits its acceptance insures. Those connected with the movement Bay that Christian dogmas are a bitter pill to swallow, but advise that it be swallowed promptly for the Bake of the after effects. Fukuzawa, a well known writer, urges this course, although he says he takes no personal interest whatever in religion, and knows nothing of the teaching of Christianity. But he sees that it is the creed of the most highly civilized nations. To him religion is only a garment to be put on or taken off at pleasure. But he thinks it prudent that Japan should wear the Bame dress as her neighbors, with whom she des ires to stand well. Prof. Toyama, of the Imperial University, has published a work to support this view. He holds that Chinese ethics must be replaced by Christian ethics, and that the benefits to be derived from the intro? duction of Christianity are (1) the im? provement of music: (2) the union of sentiment and feeling leading to harmon? ious co operation, and (3) the furnishing of a medium of intercourse between men and women. M. Kato. the late president of the Imperial University, who says that religion is not needed for the educated, and confesses his dislike to all religious equally, urges the introduction of relious teaching iuto the Government schools on the ground tbat'the unlearned in Japan have bad their faith in old moral stand? ards shaken, and that there is now a seri? ous lack of moral sentiment among the es. Among the replies to this is one by Suglura, who is described as a diligent student of Western philosophy. He speaks of the specially marked lack of religious feeling and. sentiment in his countrymen. "The Japanese," he says, "have no taste for religion whatever, and it is impossible that they should ever be? come a religious people. The youth of Japan," he argues, "being free from the thraldom of creeds and free to act ac? cording to reason, are so far iu advance of Europeans, that instead of talking about adopting a foreign religion, the Japanese should go abroad and preach their religion of reason to foreign coun? tries." ? June 20,21 and 23 of 1888 were the three hottest of all the June days of aim lar date in New York during the last seventeen years. The temperature, 91 degrees on the 20th, was only 3 degrees less than the highest June temperature on record in that city, which was on June 30,1872, when the temperature reached 94 degrees. ? Shiloh's Cure will immediately relieve Croup, Whooping Cough and Bronchitis. For sale by Hill Bros. ? Over 7,000 houses are owned in New York city by the Astor family, who keep a large number of architects con? stantly busy. "Hackmotack," a lasting and fra? grant perfume. Price 25 and 50 centp. For sale by Hill Bros. 4 CHUESDAY MOENI FIFTY YEAES OF PROGRESS. [Southern Christian Advocate. ,, When England, some years ago, gave up a little idland in the Mediterranean, Bismarck said: "England is going down. Whenever a great power begins to give up territory it shows that decay has set in." In less than three months after this remark was made, England virtually dictated the terms of a peace to Russia in the German capital, and Disraeli actually bluffed Bismarck into advising Gou?t Schriyaloff to accept the terms he proposed. England has been great so long that many .wonder,at the long lease of power which has been given to her. With England's consent the regal, crown was placed upon the head of the Elector of Brandenburg and the ancestor of Em? peror William. The little King of Prus? sia famished 8,000 men to Marlboroagh's army in the war against France. At that time the whole population of Eng? land numbered only 6,600,000 and her colonies wefe few and sparsely settled. Indeed, it was* not -till this century that England really began to expand and to grow. The Queen has just celebrated her jubilee, and, as was natural, English? men have looked back to see what they have been doing during the last fifty years. A summary of the mighty deeds is really startling. The area of the empire has been greatly enlarged during her Majesty's reign. In that brief period Englishmen have occupied Natal, British Bechnana land, Basutoland and the Transkei; British Columbia and the wide North? west territories of the Canadian Domin? ion, and settled Australia, New Zealand and Tasmania. They have also acquired by cession Labnan, Lagos, the greater portion of the Gold Coast and Fiji; by arrangement, Cyprus, Port Hamilton and the basin of the Niger, besides many smaller possessions and nearly all the isolated rocks and islands 01 the sea. Their dominion, in India and Burmah has also been largely extended. Now the British empire covers about a fifth of the habitable globe. It is one eighth larger than all the Bussias, three times as large as the United States, sixteen times as large as France; forty times as large as Germany. That is, there has been an enlargement of. area' from 2,254,905 to 8,562,920 square miles. The po pulation has increased in like proportion. It has more than doubled in fifty years, rising from a little over 100,000,000 in 1837 to considerably more tuan 200,000,000 in 1887. The increase in the United Kingdom has been from nearly 27,000,000 to 3?,000,(fo?, or about 44 per cent. In England and Wales the increase has been about 90 and in Scot? land about 60 per cent. In Ireland there has been a decrease from 8,000,000 to 5,000,000, about 13 per cent. Daring this time over 9,000,000 emigrants left the United Kingdom. In the colonies and dependencies, exclusive of India, the increase baa been fonr-fold?from 4,000,000 to 16,000,000?more than half of whom are of British race. Australasia has grown from 100,000 to 4,000,000 ; Caoada and the .neighboring colonies have risen from 1,250,000 to 5,000,000, and the South African colonies from 130,000 to 2,000,000. But the largest increase has been in India. Fifty years ago British rule extended directly over 90,000,000 of people and indirectly over 40,000,000 more, bat now it reaches over 200,000,000 in British India alone, and 55,000,000 in the natives States depen? dent upon it. In India there is an annual increase of one per cent. There is a daily excess of births over deaths of 7,000. Every year adds 2,250,000 people to the population. "Grand, indeed, and pressing are the problems raised by the unprecedented increase in a country where there are already more than 170 persons to the square mile; where there is very little fertile laud that is not appropriated; where every male is bound by the strongest and most sacred ties of interest and piety to marry at the earliest possi? ble age; where the superstitions ot the vast majority will neither allow them to emigrate nor permit them the use of animal food; where, finally, in conse? quence of British rule, those three ancient checks on population?famine, pestilence and war?are losing their destructive power." (Ths Beigo of Vic? toria 1,522.) - In the United Kingdom the death rate has decreased and the general health improved. Statistics for the whole kingdom only date back as far as 1870, bat since that time the death rate has decreased 10 per cent. When we con? sider that dqring the last fifty years the people have flocked to the towns and cities?nearly two-thirds of them now dwelling in towns?where the death rate is about 20 per cent, higher than in the country, this has been an immense gain. Deaths from heart disease, apoplexy, cancer, paralysis, insanity and suicide have increased. The principal improve? ment has been in the management of consumption, pneumonis, scarlatina, fever and dropsy. Who can tell what a saving of time and money, to say nothing of sorrow and suffering, has been made by this amendment of the general health ? One paragraph (Dr. Brudenall Carter, "The Reign of Queen Victoria I," 405,) will help us Bomewbat in realizing what might be shown if there were carefully kept health statistics for the whole period. During the period between 1851 and 1880 scarlet fever annually destroyed the lives in England and Wales of an aver? age of 854 persons in every million?a total of 543,000 in the thirty years? mostly among young people with pros? pects of life and usefulness before them. Each death would meao twelve illnesses, many of them with injurious consequen? ces of lifelong duration; each illness costing a pound?an estimate which ronghly sets the pecuniary loss inflicted upon the nation by scarlet fover in thirty years at ov- ?6,000,000 sterling without considering wie anxiety and suffering of parents and relatives. The United Kingdom has also become much wealthier. Here the increase has been almost fabulous. A calculation made by Mr. Giffen Bhows that the capi? tal or property of the country has increased from a little over ?4,000,000,-" 000 sterling ($20,000,000,000) in 1837, to NG, JULY 5,1888. ?9,450,000,000 ($47,2??,00?>?7 in 1887, or from about ?150 ($750) to about ?256 ($1,289) per head. And yet during this period ?80,000,000 sterling of the nation? al debt has been paid off, and imperial taxation has risen from ?60,000,000 to ?90,000,000 pef a?ntira, and local expen? diture from ?30,000,000 to ?60,000,000 sterling. Furthermore there has been a net depreciation in the value of land of ?110,000,000 sterling. In spite of all this, the public fortune has more than doubled in fifty years. Following Mr. Mulhall, wo may note the increase of a few of the items of this national wealth/ The figures are for 1840 and 1*887 respectively, and" are given in millions sterling. Railways increased in value from' ?21,000,000 to ?831,000, 000; houses and furniture from ?1,115, 000 to ?3,960,000; and sundries from ?710,000,000 to ?1,869,000,000. An immense amount of capital has been invested abroad in loans, railways, etc These investments bring ?40,000,000 to ?50,000,000 in the shape of interest into the country every year. The annual income from a'll sources is now set down at ?l,26?,?00,,0b,0, as against ?540,000, 000 in 1840. Every tim'e the sun rises the country is ?250,000' ($1,250,000) richer than the day before. How is this wealth distributed? The number of income taxpayers has con stantly^ncreased. On the average each capitalist is only 15 per cent, richer than he was forty yeafs ago, whereas the average Wages of the working classes have risen 50 to 6*0 per cent, in the half century. Though' the population has increased, pauperism has decreased. The total number of paupers for the whole kingdom from thirty to forty years ago was 1,676,000; now it is only 1,035,190. The dwellings of the people show also great improvement in Eng? land, Scotland and Ireland. I am glad to see savings banks increasing with us. They have done great things in the United Kingdom. Depositors in the savings banks of the United Kingdom have increased from 430,000 in 1831 to 5,200,000 and deposits from ?14,000,000 to ?98,000,000. The latest returns show ?50,000,000' in the building societies of England and Wales alone, and more than ?9,500,000 of share capital in the co? operative societies of Great Britain; these latter societies have done a busi? ness of ?360,000,000 in twenty-five years, and saved to the working classes in that time nearly ?30,000,000 or $150,000,000. In other words, there has been a total increase in the savings and investments of the people of no less than ?130,000,000. Time would fail to tell of the foreign trade, which fifty years ago was that of a small state and is now that of a great empire. Imports then were 66,000,000, cow they are 374,000,000; exports then 58,000,000, now 271,000,000. It is use? less to say that this great trade is carried on in English vessel*. During the reign the tonnage of Brittish steamships has risen from less than 100,000 to about 4,000,000 tons. A ton of tea can now be Bent from China to London at the cost of a ton of goods from Manchester to the metropolis fifty years ago. Internal trade and industry have shown a like expansion. Take, for instance, coal and iron, articles which depend largely for their consumption on tho prosperity of other industries. The output of coal has risen from an estima? ted total of 40,000,000 tons in 1837 to a total of 160,000,000 at the present time. Fifty years ago the production of iron was estimated at a little more than 1,000,000 tons, now it averages about 8,000,000 a year. Science has stepped in, and by improved methods and machinery effected a great saving in coal; for example, the quantity of coal which was formerly required for three tons will now smelt five tons of iron. Electricity and petroleum have effected a farther saving. It is not a little inter? esting to Bee what science and skill can do with raw material. A ton of pig iron costing $10 (ten dollars) when turned into railway chairs wou d be worth only $13.75. The same iron if converted into needles for home use would sell for $28,000; if into fish hooks for $75,000, and if into hair springs for watches for about $2,000,000?above three times the value of gold. But then it requires nearly 40,000,000 hair springs to weigh a ton. I shall mention only one or two other industries. The consumption of cotton in the mills of Lancashire has risen from 400,000,000 pounds in 1837 to 1,457,200,000 pounds in 1887. The manufacture and consumption of beer and spirits has also enormously increased. Whereas only 640,000,000 gallons of beer were brewed in 1840, no less than 891,000,000 were brewed in 1885, and the consumption had risen from 24 to 27 gallons per head. The increased use of spirits is still more to be deplored. The number of gallons distilled has risen from 165,000,000 in 1840 to 301,000,000 in 1885, and the consumption per hun? dred inhabitants from 84 to 97 gallons. During the last decade, however, the consumption has slightly decreased for beer three gallons a bead, and for spirits 23 gallons per 100 of the population. The increase in the manufacture of paper is indeed gratifying. In 1840 only 6,000,000 pounds were used by the press and 29,000,000 in other ways; in 1885 I the press alone consumed 214,000,000 I pounds, and 218,000,000 of pounds were used otherwise. This tells most elo? quently of a growing intelligence among the people, of an accelerated progress in popular education, and of the thousand and one agencies used to keep the intel? lectual and spiritual interest abreast of material growth. Who can estimate the extent of the cbaoge suggested by the fact that "the newspaper circulation, which averaged 800,000 copies weekly at the time of the Queen's accession, rose to 10,500,000 in 1864, and is now 32,000, 000" ? Cheap editions of the greater authors are in almost every home; 50,000 copies of "Sartor Resartus," it is said, are sold annually. But as old Car lyle said, this is, above all others, a mechanical age. To appreciate at all what has been done in machinery, one must visit the great expositions. Yet an estimate of the increase in the mechani? cal power has been attempted, and, as Mr. Mulhall puts it, "the effective energy or working power of the United King -T'IVIbwii i ? . aa dorn is now almost 50,000,000,000 foot tons daily, having quadrupled since 1840," a power Which Lord Brassy esti? mates "at least equal to the labor of 1,000,000,000 men." The railroad's alone of the United Kingdom have recently transported in one year nearly 700,000,000 human beings, besides 257,000,000 tons of minerals and merchandise. Another way of bringing human beings together and of promoting traffic io the mail and telegraph. The penny post has suc? ceeded so well that there is now talk of a penny telegram. Can any mind grasp this fact in all its bearings, that from 1840 to 1884 no fewer than 31,800,000,000 stamps were issued ? These dud many more such facts can be found in an excellent article in the : London Quarterly Review, which is based on two large works issued last year. Twenty-five specialists contributed the articles for one of these" works. "Nothing succeeds like success" is certainly a striking proverb. But bow long can . such success continue ? W. M. Baskervill. VanderbUt University' J?ST AS JtT WAS PREDICTED. The Terrible SeVenteec-Tenr Locusts have Arrived on Time. Chicago', June 21.?The much dread? ed seventeen-year locusts have arrived on time, and dispatches from all sections of Illinois and Iowa show that the air is full of them. The first invasion that created consternation was in 1854 and again, seventeen *ears later, in 1871, the pest made its appearance with increased numbers. The insect- now comes to time, just aa. it waa expected, and the farmers are horrified at the overwhelming army of ruthless pi under era that hums and Bings about their ear*, waiting calmly for the crops to get L condition to be eaten. The locust is as well known as if he were a yearly visitor, and his appearance is predicted with precisely the same cer? tainty as the planets in their orbits. The entomologists all know him intimately, and have never made a mistake in put? ting their fingers on the year when the pest will make its appearance. The seventeen year locust Is a large insect which is bora, lives and dies without traveling much. In 1854 they made their appearance in Effingham County, 111. They Came from the ground in such numbers that holes' or perforations out of which they came were so thick as to almost intersect one another. Even the I margins of pretty hard roads would show the clean-cut holes of the travelers bound for daylight. Beachiog the surface, the dirt brown adventurer carefully felt its way to the first perpendicular object? weed, ahrub, bush or trunk of tree. Crawling up a distance of six to eight inches, its feet were glued fast to what? ever it was clinging, and then of a sudden, and sometimes with distinguishable sound, a space of over an inch opened along the back, and oat of this soon came the full winged locust, prepared to fly, to sing and to die. The timber tracts were the homes of the ephemeral visit? ors, and their united song was painfully monotonous, varied only by cadences of a rise or lull in the bre ze. While eating nothing themselves, except foliage and tender parts of shoots of trees and shrubs, they were, nevertheless, eaten with avid? ity by hogs. It did not take much im? agination to discover a well-defined letter " W " on the wings of these locusts at that time, and, by the wiseacres of the the day, that was interpreted * to be a sign of war before the next locust com? ing. The female locust is supplied with a "chisel" and is also born with a knowl? edge of how to use it. The "chisel," or sting, as some called it in those days, was a half inch in length, attached to the under part of the body and extending backward. It was the size of a stout needle, nearly as hard, and terminated in a sharp point. Taking position on the under Bide of the twig selected for punct? uring, the locnat would "back up" until j an incision was made downward and in-1 ward nearly a half inch ,* then moving far enough ahead for another, it was made in the same way, and so on to the end of the twig, with almost mechanical precision. The eggs deposited' were oval-oblong in shape, white in color and about the size of a clover seed. Under the invasion of foreign substance the twigs die and break off. While on the ground the larva? hatch from the eggs and crawl into the ground, where they thrive and grow for seventeen years. Beaching maturity, the pupa emerges from the ground, climbs the nearest tree or shrub and attaches itself to the bark. Then its back splits open and the winged insect works its way out to liberty, leav? ing the lifeless case attached to the shrub. Within an hour or two from the time the bug crawls out of the ground and up a tree the locust is in perfect shape to begin its work of destruction. The insects hatch out in the evening usually, and when the farmer wakes up in the morning he finds his fields, orchards and crops covered with them. They are numberless and there is no use to try to fight them. Belva Locckwood's Way, Washington, June 20.?Mrs. Belva Lockwood, the woman's candidate for President, was at the Capitol to-day. Several of her Congressional friends be? gan plying her with questions as to the course she would pursue if the fortunes of politics should place her in the White House. Finally Mr. Morrow, of Cali? fornia, said: "But you couldn't be commander in chief of the armies. How would you arrange that?" Mrs. Lockwood, who is a pretty wo? man, shook her finger archly at her questioner and replied sweetly: "I would dismiss the armies and rule by love." ? For Dyspepsia and Liver Complaint you have a printed guarantee on every bottle of Shiloh's Vitalizer. It never fails to cure. ? A laugh is worth a hundred groans in any market. ? A Nasal Injector free with each bottle of Shiloh's Catarrh Bemedy. Price 50 cents. For sale by Hill Bros. VOLUM! RADICAL ARD DEMOCRATIC RULE. Comparison of Expend!tufcff?The Radical Regime Was Corrupt and Dfohe-aest? The Democratic Honest hat Extravagant. Walhalla Courier. The Marion Star, speaking of the clamor about the expenses of our present State government, quotes the sub joined extract from a recent contribution of Sentor Hampton to the Forum Magazine: "The domination of the Legislature of 1867, in which the blacks were in the majority and most of the whites were j carpet baggers, was 'a barbaric xule of ignorance, vice and corruption* unsur? passed in American history, except, per* haps, by the contemporary Legislature of Louisiana.' "Although but little more than one half of the South Carolina law makers of that year could read or write, $16,000 was spent for stationery, while the last preceding Democratic Legislature of the State expended only $400. "The speaker of the House issued no less than WOfr.OOO pay certificates for which there was no Appropriation, and no way to expend the money legitimately if it had been appropriated. The expenses of the State government proper were raised from $400,000 to $2,000,000, and no less than $350,000 was consumed in the purchase of liquors, cigars and other articles of personal comfort and convenience for participants at the legis* lative saturnalia." We ptesixme no one will deny the truth of this extract ;? but while true, we are of the opinion thtit fire taxes levied and collected by the Radicals were not heavier, if as heavy, as the taxes now levied and collected. Under Radical rule the annual tax varied from nine to twelve mills, but the average did not exceed the present average. The Radicals largely increased the State debt by the issue and sale of bonds and sold mnch of the public property, the proceeds of which were squandered. The Democratic government has been honestly administered. The salaries of county auditors, treasurers and school commissioners have been largely reduced and the perquisites of the county officers cut down. The difference is that taxes now levied are expended according to law; but from the creation of new offices actual expenditures for legal purposes differ very little. The real question is not the relative expenses of the two governments, but are the expenses of the present government too high ? Can they be reduced without injury to the public welfare ? We think they can and should. The salaries now paid to State officers were fixed upon the basis of a depreciated currency, while the currency is now At par. We believe $2,500 now is equal to $3,500 then, both in actual fact and in purchasing power. We believe, too, that salaries now paid exceed in average those paid before the war for like servi? ces. Besides, all salaries should be pro? portioned to the ability of the people to pay and the purchasing power of money. At the time the present salaries were fixed the sale value of cotton, the money crop of the State, averaged from twenty* five to thirty-three per cent above the present prices, while the sale value of articles of domestic use was lower. It has been for years a subject of discussion, whether the growing of cotton paid the farmer more than the cost of production. The facts show that the large body of our population are1 involved in debt and able to live only, as said, by the operation of the lien law. Statistics, too, show that the salaries of our judges and State officers average an excess over salaries of like officers in other States. In view of all these facts it becomes at least a living question whether or not the expenses of the government cannot and should not be reduced in many departments, State and County. The questiou will certainly be made in the next Legislature, and unless we mis? take the temper of the people the experiment of a cheaper government will be tried. In these views we do not fight, but sustain, the Democratic party. It is honest and well administered under the laws existing, and we are satisfied that the party would be equally true under a change of laws. The people in demand? ing a cheap government do not look to a transfer of power to other than Demo? cratic hands. They have too vivid recollections of the misrule of the recon? struction period to return to it or even even look on it with any degree of allowance, and all movements to cheapen without crippling the government are movements towards true prosperity and the permanency of Democratic power in the State. Thus we view them. Cleveland'* Destiny. How closely merit and fate are married in this world, is not easy to inquire. But what statesman, after all, has had the destiny of Grover Cleveland ? The protoge of Tilden, the ally of Daniel Manning, the chieftain of a cabinet with Whitney and Lamar, and the head of two great national tickets, seconded by such men as Thomas A. Head ricks and Allen G. Thurman! Men greater than Cleveland have en? joyed far less distinction. Clay, Web? ster, Seymour and Tilden have blazed through life without a tithe of such re? ward, while the patient, plodding office man, with good sense and close manage? ment, has vitalized the strength of a great constitutional party, and used its ablest men as Napoleon planted bis field marshals. The selection of Thurman for the second place makes a strong ticket. He is an old line Democrat. It gives the ticket a distinctive parly flavor, re? lieving it from all taint of mugwumpery. It summons the veterans from the indif? ference with which they regarded such men as Gray, who are recent proselytes, and it recalls to their campaign all that is glorious and inspiring in the record ol the party. It is in fact a rally of the Bourbons about the citizen-king. Hendricks gave his life to Democratic duty, and now Thurman comes from re? tirement like Cincinnatus to a smiling self-sacrifice. Great is the party with such old heroes, and fascinating the fate of the man who can command such sup? per t for candidacy.?Augusta Chronicle, XXIII.- -NO. 52. Alt Sorts oflParagrapns. ? The beat hand in the game of life? The band of a good and loving wife. ? More than one hundred women are members of School Boards in Massachu? setts. ? Mr?. Garrett Anderson, England's leading woman doctor, realizes $50,000 from her practice. ? It is generally understood that John Sherman will never have his washing done at the White House. ? The reason that birds clean oat a fruit tree so quickly is that they take the fruit away a peck at a time. ? More is accomplished by doing each day's work faithfully than by crowding two days' work into one. ? King Humbert's palace at Borne . contains 2,000 rooms, but the king and bis family occupy 125 of them. ? It is said that nearly all the UuitedJB States Senators are large men, their avis rage weight running close to 180 pounds. ? Ancedition of the Bible in two vol? umes, the first book ever printed, ws sold in London a short time ago for $18,000. ? The fire losses of the United States last year were abont $120,000,000, an in? crease of thirteen per cent, over those of the previous year. ? A human skull was disinterred by well-diggers in Haskell County, Kansas, recently, at a depth of 193 feet beneath the earth's surface. ? The failure of a New York firm was . caused by the negligence of the office ?[ boy to post a letter. He stopped to play ?j a game of marbles. ? Estimates of the cotton crop are spreading this year almost in advance of - the plant. A 7,000,000-bale estimate is current in Wall street. '.? Florida promises to become a large v producer of opium. Sixteen plants will ]i produce an ounce, and an acre of poppies '?? will yield $1,000 worth of opium. ? A woman may not be able to sharp? en a pencil or throw a stone at a hen, but she can pack more articles in a trunk than a man into an express wagon. ? The father of a Hungarian family lived to be 172 years old, the mother 164, and the youngest child 115. The wedded life of the parents lasted 142 years. ? Broadway, in New York City, is the } longest street in the United States at the present time. The highest number in the directory is 4098, which is near tbe city line. ? At Hamilton, Ont., a man who bor? rowed an umbrella and did not return it' has just been sentenced to jail for one. year. A timely warning to the wise is sufficient. ? Miss Tossa Jones, of Argonia, Kan., aged 18 years, has this spring broken 45 ncres of land and planted it in corn, and is cultivating it herself. She can busk.-H and crib sixty bushels per day. j ? A Kansas school ma'am has intro- . duced a new feature in her school. When one of the girls misses a word the J boy who spells it gets permission to kiss her. As a result the boys are improving rapidly. I ? A New York man has recently ^isT tingu.ished himself by eating at onesingle meal ten feet six inches of corn cake, j three inches wide and one inch thick. It was at a church fair, and be wished to | get his money's worth. ? Three years ago Charles Selhe, of Morris Cove, Tenn., saved from drowning the young daughter ot a rich New York? er. Now, by will of that gentleman; who has lately died, Selbe gets some $10,000 in reward for his bravery. ? A native Persian who lectured in New York tbe other day said the Persian j youth was allowed to take just one kiss from his future wife on the eve before their marriage, provided he could find her in a dark room fall of other ladies. Although be was engaged for three years, he never got one kiss in all that time. ? Ex -Queen Isabella, of Spain, who | will visit England for the first time thi season, has an income of $1,000,000/ year, but is always in debt. She mi tains no house at Paris, but always reslc at a hotel. She spends vast sums on horses. Her executive ability is clearly' shown by the ease with which she con-? stantly spends more than her enorme income amounts to. ? John Wannamaker used to make a j dollar and a half a week as a clerk in a clothing store. His dinner, when he had any, consisted of a piece of pie and a glass of milk?the two costing two cents. Each year his salary was increased, and at tbe age of twenty he had saved two hundred dollars. Now he is (one of the, great merchants of _ AmeTica7~*Tery wealthy and very benevolent ? Boys cannot be made useful t^ soon; at an early age they rec responsibility, and appreciate being trusted with the performance of dut which are proportioned to their abilitie The work required should not be.drad? as it will sooo create a distaste for kinds of labor; but any congenial patipn develops a boy very rapidly, contact with those with whom he d< brightens and sharpens his wit he develops an aptitude for his work, takes delight io its performance, ? Womeu lawyers are becoming power in tbe land. Michigan UniveraU has already sent out twenty-four yoc women holding the degree of LL. This year a young woman from the I wich Islands, Miss Alma Hitchcock, make the twenty-fifth. In England the is a club of woman lawyers. It is) a correspondence club, yearly letters : the members being printed and lated. Mrs. Belva Lockwood and Waugh, from the law school in are among the members. The motto < the club is: "All the Allies of Each.^ The Best Method. The most agreeable as well as the effective method of dispelling Headt Colds, and Fevers, or cleansing the i tern is by taking a few doses of pleasant California liquid fruit reme Syrap of Figs. It acts gently, yet tively, strengthening the organs - which it acts, so that regular habits i be formed. Manufactured only by.. California Fig Syrup Company, ) Francisco, Cal. For sale by Sim? Keid&Co.