University of South Carolina Libraries
BY CLINKSOALEf MN. <L G, OLQTKSCALES, Editor. /flIBL GRADUATES IN THE FIELD, ' The Education of Woman aa a Great Fac? tor In the Education of the Future. From (he Neue York Times. < &o complaint has yet been made as to **er crowding of the ranks of professional fe by the women who are now coming from different inscitutioDs of learning with an education in which they rival . their brothers in brilliancy of work, if I //not in substance and quality, and yet there ia evidence . everywhere that the colleges for women And other institutions which are quickened by their existence ace beginning to exert an appreciable influence upon oar social and intellectual, j life. The endowments for female edu . . cation within ten years have been unpre? cedented, and in the next decade it will be quite aa much the right thing to send . our girls as to send our boys to college. There is no complaint to be made against - this state of things. It is to be thank fully Accepted. Bat it implies far more than appears on the surface, and it is this wider consideration of the education of] women that is to become one of the great-" j est factors in the education of the future. It ia already conceded that after the head mastership in a large school women make the best teachers. Their power of | execution is both greater and finer than that of men, and the higher education of the sex means that teachers of more com ?' prehecsive attainments are to be supplied la increasing numbers to the graded schools of the country. The normal, schools have been pioneers in the higher education of women on special lines, but they could ?* not go far enough. The training given in the colleges ^for women and in the other schools of high grade to which they have access is mach more complete than that of the normal schools. It means culture; it means the knowing | . of things in their elements and princi? ples ; it means the training that is ready ^ for original work in different departments : or thought; it means the development of j the metaphysical powers as they are dis? played *y Mrs. Bryant in her masterly ; work entitled '?Educational Ends ,*" it W: means the "all-round woman" in the sense In which this phrase is applied to a well-equipped man. Go where you will to-day and quiet and modest women v/ho have received the highest training that can be had are to be found. Some . of them are satisfied to be simply culti? vated as Goethe admired culture; others seek to use their knowledge to obtain a livelihood ; others choose the different ? professions; but wherever they go they ? diffuse tho atmosphere of the higher ?educatioj* around them; >$hey are mis? sionaries of the higher7 culture, and they ^tr^tnei diffusers of that style of excel- ] ience in life which is the fruit of the old civilization. It was the significant criticism of the late Matthew Arnold that Americans were not, interesting. They lacked the reatfulness, the refined touch, the graceful life of those who have gained their ends and can afford to be serene. The "higher education of women is to hasten the day when at least the wives of Americans must be interesting as women, and when their calmness and "sweet reasonableness'' must be felt not only in the atmosphere at home, bat in the free relations of society. It is here inat educated women are to introduce an intelligent refinement which will greatly influence the next generation of Americana. We have wealth to dsy without culture; in the next decade there will be ho less wealth, but the "women first and the men next will have the culture, without which wealth makes ..Oda simply a glittering barbarian. It is the general diffusion of this intellectual and social, training which is of most value. Women have supremacy in the home and in the Baloon, and a woman who can gather in the people who are best worth knowing and can be a leader among them has in her bands very largely the shaping of the society of the community in which she lives. The future queens of society are to be educated women, and the finest women who go out of our different institutions of learning are in many cases to be these queens. I'here has been a lack of this sort of womeu," and persons of a lower . type, persons remarkable more for grace of person than for grace of spirit, have occupied their places. But no one can meet the girl graduates of to day and trace their incipient careers without see? ing that they are destined to have a great influence in'guiding and develop? ing American life. This is to be an influence on the side of conservatism, the side cf self-restraint, tbe side of peaceful ?and reasonable life, the side which the temper of the times has caused men least to cultivate. Tbe practical side of female education has been greatly dwelt upon as if a price be put upon it, but its - unpriced enrichment of life in the diffu? sion of a better spirit and tbe manifesta? tion Of a higher ideal is more important than its greatest uses in the sphere of practical returns. Would. Jot Conform. Teacher in the backwoods of Ken . tuck '-(to. boy)?Why don't your father put pantaloons on you, instead of allow ing you to come here with nothing on -but that long shirt? Boy?"Lows ter git me britches when the weather gets cold." "But you need them now." "Pap 'lows I don't." "It is s/disgrace." *? "Pap 'lows that he didn't w'ar nuthin' but a shirt till he wuz putty nigh grown." r "What does your mother say ?" "She 'lows that ef I had britches I'd wa'r the knees out." '"WJell, if you don't come with pants on to-morrow, you sball not stay here." . "Don't reckon I'll come back no mo then, fur that's wbut a teacher said last year, an' pap he wouldn't let me go back. Pap 'lowed that he bad been livin' here too long fur new folks to come along an' interfere with his affairs. 'Lows that ef folks hatter change tber clothes jest ter git er little ed3y cation, that be didn't want none. Wall, good-bye." 3 & LANGSTON, HOT A TKOJAN HORSE, The Cleaason Bequest Is Sate as well as Opportune. An Open Letter to Col. D. K. Norris. The article of the Columbia Register, copied into other papers of the State, is not likely to trouble the legal profession, and far less the practical statesman. Does not the writer know, if he has examined the abstract of Mr. Clemson's will, as published in the News and Cou? rier of April 28, that the trustees named therein could not, by any act of theirs* defeat the right of the State to the legal ownership and control of the property for the purpose of establishing an agri? cultural college as provided? If the persons named have organized under the directions of the will, for the purpose of preserving; the property, it is a puzzle to any ordinary thinker to conjecture how that inaugurates a "private college," which cannot possibly have an-existence under three years, unless the State sooner comes in and positively rejects the offer. As well might the writer say that the acta of the executor in marshaling the property and preserving it, as required, had defeated the ends of the will, de? spoiled the State and converted the property to private uses. The State has this offer, which stands open for three years, against all claimants under the will - It is wholy gratuitous to assume that the trustees named by Mr. Clemson have organized a private college, or that they are demanding of the State to take the appropriations from the Citadel Academy and other institutions and turn them over to the Clemson College. On the contrary they are only asking that the munificent donation of a distinguished citizen shall be accepted by the State and made efficient. And why should the State hesitate to accept it, and even add to it if need be, such liberal provisions as will make it a blessing to the whole people? It is idle to say, that the State cannot accept a donation upon condition that she will devote it to the purpose speci? fied. ^ Has she not Accepted the landscrip fund on condition that it be applied to a certain kind of education ? and is she not fulfilling that condition by the training given in her University ? Has she not accepted the provisions of the Hatch bill upon conditions now being fulfilled? Have not all the States accepted of aid from the General Government to be devoted explicitly to educational purpo? ses? Has not South Carolina, in conven? tion, committed herself to the policy of not only accepting,' but of soliciting donations from the Government for the specific purpose of educating her people? Has she not already devoted and appro? priated funds for the enlargement of an institution founded by the private bene? factions of Mr. Claflin, which institution is alike honoring to him and creditable to the State ? Has she not appropriated funds for the education of teachers in the Winthrop Training School, in connection with the private Peabody fond ? And what more need be said ? Perhaps the Register does not object to the last named appropriation, and the blending of State aid and private provisions for this desirable work. And possibly no objection would be found to the State's assuming the administration of the Clem? son fund, and enlarging it, too, if it were practicable to invest it in connection with the experimental7 station of the University, by those at least who sup ported the University scheme. And why this narrow policy of limiting and cen? tralizing education ? The argument has heretofore been that the State could not afford to establish an agricultural college. And now that the property has been donated for its establishment, the oppo? sition seems fain to find some inadequacy in the scheme?some ground of rejecting the proposition. This opposition bears close resemblance to that policy which denies to others the enjoyment of things which, you cannot enjoy yourself. Is there a jealous antagonism of every institution of learning that claims public favor, except that which has been the pet, and just pride too, of South Carolina for two or three generations ? Or do the friends of the University really see phan? toms of destructive mien in every propo? sition to enlarge the benefits of higher and diversified culture? That party in South Carolina which cries for more light and wider intelligence is no pban torn?its name is legion. If he is a benefactor who causes two blades of grass to grow where but one grew before, what shall we say of him who sows the seeds of knowledge abroad ? And what shall the harvest be for the State that "sows beside all waters ?" And how will she vindicate herself to the next generation if she neglect* the present opportunity ? It is surely mrwt unreasonable to deny to the youth of the State that culture for which they pant, and which wil! better fit them for life's fierce battle, when it is made optional with her to supply it without burden to herself or her people. She cannot afford to do it! The opposers themselves will be amazed at their position when they come to look at their policy with the sober second thought which sets every? thing in its true light. Is there any alarm in the fact that the will provides for the majority of the board of trustees for the college ? There is no ground for such anxious forebod? ings. Their powers are limited to their own perpetuation, and in all respects they will be subject, like the trustees elected by the State, to legislative con? trol. There can be no conflict of author? ity, for the will confers on them no power of administration whatever. It only prescribes the mode of election; and all powers will be derived from the State. Moreover if there should be conflict in the management of the affairs of the institution the State can lose nothing except what she may choose to add to the funds donated. And in case of irreconcilable conflict she can at any time withdraw her appropriations. But perhaps there is some real appre? hension that the friends of the agricul? tural college harbor fell designs against other State institutions, and purpose the dismantling of the University itself. Let it be said, once for all, that they have no such purpose. They only demand that the State shall add to its educational facilities, and.that they shall have a lib? eral participation in its benefits. The demand is reasonable. And its persis? tent denial to the people will raise bp multitudes of enemies to the favored institutions, because, whether wisely or unwisely) they will lay the blame at their doors. And though they have no desire to contract or restrict the efficiency of the University, they will persist in their just claims, and will continue to resist all measures that are partial and antagonistic to the widest culture of the masses and the moat liberal provisions for the dominant industry. And sooner or later these claims must be heeded. They have complained, and still com plain, that the State has not given them the benefit of funds designated for the kind of education for which they crave provision. Tbey ask for the land scrip funds, the Hatch ' fund, and any other funds which may bear distinctive marks of an agricultural aspect. But there will be no assignable opposition to the replacement of those funds by appropri? ations where tbey are needed for Uni? versity workt There is no substantial obstacle to the acceptance of the Glemson bequest and building up such an institution upon' that nucleus as is how demanded? demanded not only by tbe people, but by the nature of our industries and the progress of this generation. This offer to the State, at this time, i* one of those suggestive events which must be regarded as the concurrent voice of demand and opportunity. It is the part of wisdom to heed that voice. B. W. Edwakds. Darlington, S. 0. How to Manage Boys; If I had a boy who had read of green islands and wrecked sailors until he could shut his eyes and see parrots and monkeys and cocoanuts and waving palms?if he had firmly made up his mind that he could never be happy until cast away on an island and reduced to a goat-skin over-coat, I should take him out behind the barn and Bay: "My son, f see that you are not happy, you evidently, hunger for something which.my limited means will not permit me to give you. I think you want to be wrecked. Very well. There's the river and an old skiff, and you can find an island a few miles down. Get two or three pieces of tarred rope, a plag of navy tobacco and a fish hook, and go on with the wrecking business. If you like ? it, come home at the end of a week, and 1 I'll send you out to the Pacific, where the mosquitoes are bigger and the canni? bals more numerous." If the boy went I should look for him back next morning?certainly at the end of two days, and when he got back the subject should be tabooed forever. It IB natural for every boy to yearn for the deep blue sea and . the life of a sailor. He hasn't tbe least idea that a sailor has anything to do but ait around the cap? tain and spin yarns and answer, "Aye 1 aye! sir" when the captain calls out the name of Jack Brace. He therefore desires to go to sea and visit foreign countries and come home with the bronze on bis face and a roll to his gait. Don't give your boy a chance to run away. When the signs become plain have your plans all perfected and be ready to say: "James, anybody could tell by the way you handle a clothesline that you were born for a nautical cut to your jib, aud it is plain enough that the bounding bil low is your true element. I have arranged for you to make a trip on the lakes, and will then help you to get a berth on an Indiaman. Ba all ready to? morrow morning, James.?' I'd put him on a board a schooner bound, say, from Oswego to Chicago, and I'd forward money to Chicago for him to come home by rail. If tbe money wasn't there he'd come home on foot. With tbe dark, damp forecastle?the sea sick? ness?the curses and rope's endings from the mate-4he pulling and hauling? grease and tar buckets, he'd land in Chi? cago feeling that it would be a privilege to live on a turnip at home and sleep in the garret on a straw bed. I've been right there, and I know. No father should be bitrprised if his boy develops a yearning to become a mighty hunter. There is something highly fascinating in the idea of knock? ing over buffaloes, tigers, elephants and giraffes, and of Buccesslul encounters with alligators and boa constrictors. When Ihe signs begin to crop out tbe father should be ready. Take the boy out and sit down on a log with him and say: "James, it's a burning shame for me to keep you around home here and spoil your whole future. I came across a bar of lead, half a pound of salt and a loaf of. Uicad which you secreted in the oat bin yesterday as a starter for going West. There's no need of any slyness, my son. I want you to go. I shall be proud of you if you become a great hunter. I'll lend you the shot gun and two horse blankets and a frying pan, and help you to carry, them to the nearest piece of woods. If yoa'll stay there three days and three nights, then I'll fit you out and send you to the Black Hills." He'd be almost certain to come sneak? ing into the back door before bed time, but if he put it off until morning so much the better. He'd have the whole night in which to turn pale, look about with wild eyes, Bhiver at every Bound, hold his breath at the hoot of an owl, and to promise himself over and over again : "Just let me live till morning and I hope to die if I ever leave home again I" ?M. Quad, in Detroit Free Press. ? Avoid the use of calomel for bilious complaints. Ayer's Cathartic Pills, entirely vegetable, have been tested forty years, and are acknowledged to be the best remedy for torpidity of the liver, costiveness, and indigestion. ? Don't consider yourself safe until you get to heaven. ? Ayer's Sarsaparilla operates radi? cally upon the blood, thoroughly cleans? ing and invigorating it. As a safe and absolute cure for the various ^disorders caused by constitutional taint or infec? tion, this remedy has no equnl. Take it this month. ANDERSON, S. C, 1 UEEF, BL001), AND B?NES, ?S?oc and Leather Beporter* Hammond, Ind., would not.be much of a plabe without that great cettle slaugh? tering establishment, tbe Hammond Pacalng Company. The firm, on an average, kill a thousand head of cattle per day, six days in the week. This mighty procession of animals surges forward, accompanied by the sound of the trampling hoofs, hoarse bellowings, and tossing beads of the massive beasts doomed.to die for the nutritidn of man? kind. The scene outside the packing house is, in one respect, instructive and suggestive. Shambling around in pens outside the packing bouse, the uneasy creatures are kept waitiog for certain barred gateB to be opened and apparent liberty regained. Beside these pens a small streak of dense-looking liquid trickles lazily to a broad stream of water in the distance. Between these cattle and the muddy, stream stands one huge Connecting link, and that is the great, solid-looking slaughter or packing house. The beasts march in at one end ot it, and of all that mass of beef, blood and bonesj nothing is thrown away or wadted, except that little muddy stream, which is the geometrical difference between the slaughter house and the cattle?the use? less residue of a great industry. The Union Stock Yards Company, of Chicago, occupy 360 acres of land; the Hammond Company owns 90 acres in and around its works. Let us follow tbe different operations of killing and dressing under, the tutelage of S. F. Foggj superintendent. Dinner is over, lunch cans are placed aside; brawny arms are bared, and gleaming knives are hastily resharpeued. Boys with long poles go to tbe pens, open the gates and drive the required number of steers to small ioclosures, right close to thebutcberingshop From this inclosure they are driven along a narrow lane, just wide enough for them to march in single file. Presently, doors divide the cattle into small pens, and there they stand in a dumb Btate of visibly nervous apprehen? sion. A strong, active young man climbs up and walks on boards by the side of the tops of these pens. He carries a long handled hammer, commonly known aa a poleax. Stepping up to the first pen, the imprisoned steer looks upward with large, terrified, rolling eyes, as if suddenly conscious of danger. Too late. The vigorous arms skillfully swing, and the next minute tbe hammer crashes on the head of the beast between the eyes and horns, stretching it senBelesB on the ground.with a dull thud. On and on goes the slaughterer, never halting or hesi? tating, and the lane of live stock, in a re? markably short time, is a lane of stunned carcasses, ready for skinning and dressing. The butchers' assistants now open the inside doors, and, attaching a strong iron chain to a hind leg, rapid machinery drags the animals from the pens, which are speedily reoccupied by other batches. The skinning is a wonderful example of regular, well directed labor, each man having his specially appointed work and doing nothing else. First, comes the "sticker," who cuts the throat and collects tbe blood in shallow, wide, circular pans. Then follows the "header," who skins the head, next men who attack the front foot, hind foot, belly skin, leg worker, men on on sides pulling out tbe caul, men cutting hams, chopping briskets, cleaning out throat, man rubbing right hand side, man on left hand side, man who catches the film, backer, one who splits, emptying cattle of nucleus of fronts, man to drop hide, splitter of necks and trimmer of inside, trimmer on outside, finishing up with five washers to carefully cleanse the quivering beef with clean water, and pass it to oool places ready to be moved to tbe immense refrigerators, where it hangs for 48 hours before being loaded into the ice-cooled freight car?. Thence it is rushed to cities in America and to steamers, waiting to be conveyed across tbe Atlantic. Let ub see, now, about the parts not used as beef. The steer is hanging by a leg to a strong iron chain, and thahide strippers are busy. It is tbe rule rn^all packing houses for special men to skin special parts of tbe hides, and this is one reason why packer hides are so strictly alike in trim, and take off, and why the tanners are usually willing to pay a cent per pound more for these hides than for those taken off in country towns. The hide, then, \& thrown into the hide cellar, a cool, pleasant place in tbe Hammond house, 250 feet wide by about 300 feet long, with another in progress of building. The first thing tbe cellar men do is to sort tbe branded and unbranded green hides into, separate piles, and it 1b remarkable how expertly and rapidly this is done by the old hands. Next comes the salting and packing away in piles. Coarse Syracuse salt is used in preference to all other kinds. It takes about three weeks in summer and four weeks in winter to thoroughly cure hides, although when tanners are in a hurry a little less time is giveu by mutual agreement and by using necessary precautions. Hides containing four grubs and under, if satis? factory in other respects, are classed as No. l's. No. 2's have five grubs and over, and are sold for one cent per pound less than No. 1. This is the regular rule; also, all cut bides go as No. 2. H. C. Tillinghast & Co., of Chicago, who have entire control of the Hammond hides, have these swept clean of salt, and then allow to purchasers a tare of 1J pounds per hide on winter .ill and \\ pounds on summer hides. Butt-branded steers are picked out of native cattle, most of which sort are found in receipts from Nebraska. Texas steers are' not selected for brands, as the.-te cattle are so universally afflicted in this respect. Texans are grubbed for No. 1 and No. 2, same as native hides. Tbe system of grubbing is an ingenions and time saving arrangement, mutually accepted by seller and buyer. When a tauner ordors hides, about twenty *we taken at random from each car load when made up, and selected for grub3. Suppose, out of these twenty steers, five are found to have five or more grubs, this makes them No. 2's, and the twenty hides then Btand at a rate of twenty five per cent. No. 2 and 75 per cent No. 1. If this percentage is consid? ered a fair representation by the experi ^^^^^ fHUESDAY MORNi: enced men looking after tbe interests of packer and tanner, they agree to call the car load of hides (say 600) as 25 per cent. No. 2 and 75 per cent. No. 1. If either party objects, a second batch of twenty is sorted by the tanner, Who may chance to find ten No. 2 hides, or 60 per cent, of the lot. If the packer thinks this is hardly as it should be, a third score of hides are picked over< and, whatever the result, it is accepted as a finality. This seems to be a kind of lottery arrangement, but it does away with tbe need for scratching and examining all of the 600 hides for the ?ar load, and each car load is separately thus s?r?pltd. It is estimated that these green hides shrink in weight 29 to, 24.. per cent, after being cured. H, C. Tillinghast goes to Hammond from Chicago every day, and personally directs the whole hide business of the Hammond company, to which is also added 350 to 400 hides per day, sent from their slaughter house at Omaha, Neb. Returning to the skinned beast, we find a swarm cf human bees taking away the different parts for different purposes. The first run of the blood from tbe cut throat of the animal is collected in round, shallow pans, which rire trucked to cool shelves, where coagulation sotm follows, and then the albumen is dried and sold to button manufacturers, to be speedily made up for the use of the unsuspecting public, who are thus blood stained, as it were, in a highly artistic fashion. Coag? ulated cattle blood is also used by calico printers for dyeing turkey red, and in tbe preparation of red liquor for printers' work. Dried blood serves to clarify wines; sirups, and other thick solutions. In Scandinavia it is made into a kind of good bread for the poor. Doctors have recommended the drinking of warm, fresh cattle blood in cases of pulmonary diseases. From the heads are carefully taken small pieces of meat, which go to the sausage factory. The horns find ready sale to comb and knife haft makers, being softened by heat and moulded into numerous articles. The guts, after scrupulous cleansing, are packed in tierces and shipped to dealers in sausage casings. Tripe is a nutritious and cheap food, and it is produced from the animals' stomachs, which are cleaned, boiled, scraped, and placed in kegs for consump? tion. Tripe is sometimes pickled, ac? cording to the demand from buyers. The legs are steamed for what glue tbey contain, and also to soften the hoof, from which is extracted the celebrated neat's foot oil, which is valuable for keeping shoes soft and waterproof. These hoofs are finally ground and sold to fertilizers. The shin bones, after being boiled, are in request for knife handles, being shipped to Europe. The Sheffield manufacturers in England convert these shin boneB into handles for spoons and knives, backs for tooth and nail brushes. The jaw bones are fiawed in two, in order to extract every possible vestige of glue from them1, To go.to the other end of the animal, even the extreme portion of the tail is cut off and Bold to the manufacturers of curled hair. The bladders, when dried and prepared, form useful coverings for the transporta? tion of glazier's putty, for oilmen, drug? gists, etc., and are valuable for placing over the jars in which the careful housewife lays away her preserves and pickles. The kidneys, liver, and lights are sold fresh to surrounding butchers' stores, or sent in refrigerator cars to distant, points. The tongues are cunningly curled, put into air tight cans, and find their way to many a village at home and abroad,-where they are useful for picnics and cold collations. Hot tanks are great levelera, and every scrap of sinewb, loose bones, or small rough pieces is boiled down to threads and fragments, and the liquor, when drawn off and cooled, produces glue or other available material. Even the dirt and residue at the bottom of the tank is sold as "tankage" for fertilizing, and refuse blood is eagerly collected and turned to account in refineries. Now we come to the utilization of the fat. Oleomargarine has outlived a good deal of tbe abuse to which it was sub? jected when first introduced to a people suffering under imitations of everything except air, fire, and water. It is now a cheap and acceptable article of food, and if honestly made, a satisfactory addition to diet. Tbe oleomargarine department of the Hammond packing house is conducted similarly to a dairy, though it isn't one. No cows are to be seen pressing their fragrant noses against rustic gates. No bustling farmer's wife is there with red, bared arms directing trim, plump dairy maids. Even tbe surreptitious cat is missed, and there is no sound of the watch dog's honest bark, which Byron declared it was "sweet to hear." Oleomargarine is made as follows : The caul and best parts of tbe fat of the cattle are boiled down to a thin, transpa-. rent oil. Fresh milk is brought every morning to the packing house for mixing with this beef oil. The milk and oil are poured into the churn together, and a little pure prime lard is added to cause the mixture to flow more easily from the churn, which is driven radidly by ma? chinery till the yellow globules separate. This semi-liquid mass drains into a large ice-cooler for a short time. Then these globules are taken and kneaded together carefully, drained, and the mass is salted by special machinery with good, clean, English dairy salt. The oleomargarine is colored by common anatto seeds, as used in all dairies, and thus prepared is put into clean white linen cloths by neat looking girls, and as ready for sale, is difficult to distinguish from real butter in taste or color. It retails at 15 cents per pound. 40,000 pounds per day of oleo? margarine is made at Hammond, Ind. After the first boiling of tbe beef fat, tbe residue is wrapped in thin linen cloths and placed under hydraulic pressure, which forces out the remainder of the oil. Before pressure the fat passes through "hashers," which render the after process more effective This fat, after being under the hydraulic machine, comes out quite white and firm, and is called Stea? rine, a well known article used by candle makers and tanners. Tallow is made by boiling the rough pieces of fat. The ox tail meat and bones constitute the chief luxuries obtained from cattle. $G, JUNE 28, 1888. Each car of beef carries' fi certain number of tails, which are mostly bought by the hotel keepers. Prior to 1685, the London butchers sent the tails to the tanners with the hides, and even during the past 20 years the men employed in English tanneries used to find these tails in tbe hides and take them as useful perquisites. French refugees 200 years ago taught the world to utilize 'his valuable and nutri? tious food. Even the udder from a young dry cow, when nicely corned and boiled, is very good eating. The ox gall is used for liniments^ for the mixing of paints, cleaning clothes, carpets, etc. The Hammond company carry a steady stock of 150,000 tons of ice, in two large ice houses. They cut and store from the Calumet Biver. About 600 men and boys are employed, and work progresses year by year In that small, busy town, free from labor troubles or any? thing tending to disturb the good feeling between employers and employees. Cattle Raising. Shelter for cattle in winter is demand? ed both by humanity and economy. The percentage of loss from cold is heavier among Southern stock than Northern, as is shown by Government statistics. The food required to supply animal heat to a cow subjected to cold winds and rains would, if she were comfortably housed, be turned into fat or milk. The manure made in an open lot is scarcely worth the expense of hauling. Tbe soluble matter is mostly leached out by tbe rains, and the litter placed there might have been as well, or better, car? ried at once to tbe fields. In a word, unsheltered stock are unprofitable stock, and indicates a cruel and thriftless owner. In selecting a breed of cattle to begin with, each one must bo guided by circum? stances. If a milk market is near the Holsteins or Ayersbires would, perhaps, be most profitable. If pasturage is very fine (a beef breed) Short Horns or Brah? min grades might pay best. If one takes no pride in cattle and intends 40 let them "rough it," then the scrub (common) stock is best for bim. I willingly admit there is some fine scrub specimens, but I think tbe superiority of these due to some chance crossing with a thoroughbred, and they are not really scrubs, but grades. Tbe plan I adopted was to grade up with Bcrub cows and a thoroughbred Jer? sey bull. My reasons for this I will give as briefly as possible: What I wanted most of all was manure, in order to pursue a more extensive, or to use I think a better word, concentrated system of farm? ing. My pasturage was not good enough for beef, and I could not sell milk in quantity to pay, so the chief incidental product of my cattle must be butter, which is easy to transport, and for which if it is good, there is always a good de? mand. Good butter is worth 25 cents per pound, and if a man can't get that he either does not know how to make it or how to sell it. ' Tbe Jersey is par excellence the best breed. Not being .able to pay tbe big prices asked for the full blood heifers, I strained a point and got the best bull I could. They are very prepotent, that is able to fix their characteristics on the offspring, and in a few crosses tbe grades will approximate very closely the full bloods in butter capacity and appearance. Of course, they are not the breed for beef, not being built that way, any more than the race-horse is a draft animal; but it is acknowledged by those who ought to know that tbe general purpose cow is as yet a myth, and we must be satisfied with one superior trait in a single cow. ? The small size of many Jersey cows 1b, however, owing to their breeding before they are developed. If not allowed to calve until three years of age they will make very fair sized animals, over 800 pounds in weight, and I've seen them go as high as 1,100 or 1,200. Before quitting the subject, which I must do through regard for your readers, I will state one fact, which comes from tbe best authority, and ought to' give a boom to cattle raising if nothing else can. It is this: The manure obtained from feeding one ton of cotton seed, which can be bought for $10, is-worth $27; tbe standard of value being tbe present price of our commercial fertilizers. If this Btatemeni be true, and I cannot doubt it, and if it be properly appreciated and act? ed upon, it will do more to develop tbe new South than all the cotton and iron factories and railroads from which we are expecting so much.?J. M. S. in the Winnsboro Berald. Liltle Things That Annoy. Bad behavior in chnrch. Standing around tbe church door. Putting stamps on the wrong comer of the envelope. Talking to the postmaster while be is opening the mail. Asking tbe railroad agent what hour the train will arrive. . Borrowiog newspapers aud never re? turning them. Asking tbe postmaster to credit you for box rent and postage stamps. Spitting tobacco juice on a clean floor. Using your friend's pen and ink leaving the pen sticking in the ink bot? tle. Cracking jokes with men who are seri? ously inclined. Asking your merchaut to sell you first class goods at the price of shoddy ones. Getting late to church with a pair of "crying" shoes. Loud talking or laughing while pass? ing a residence. Wrtting a letter to a friend or rela? tive on business and receiving no reply. ? A wash which will remove the sun? burn acquired by outdoor sports is made by adding to twelve ounces of elder flower water six drams of common soda and six drams of powdered borax. Ap? plied to the skin, it will make it as clear and as soft as a baby's. ? The Rev. Geo. H. Thayer, of Bour? bon, Ind., says: "Both myself and wife owe our lives td Shiloh's Consumption Cure." For sale by Hill Bros. ? Are yon made miserable by Indi geslion, Constipation, Dizziness, Lo3s of Appetite, Yellow Skin ? Shiloh's Vital izer is a positive cure. AX HO?B OF nOBRO?c^ Experience of a Alan Under Chloroform eta a Cooling Board. A few days ago misfortune' threw me upon one of those cold, hard, comfortless beds you will find in the anteroom of nearly every physician's office, and if I live until my hair is white I will never forget that hour under a doctor's knife. I was told to stretch my frame upon that narrow cooling board, and- as I did j so the doctor opened his black cases of instruments and looked carefully over the glittering steel knives, the sight of which made cold chills ran over me, and | made me regret having applied for relief. | Bat the door of the little room was locked, and it would have been a display of cow? ardice I did not care to make to jump up and. run. Other people, thousands of other people, bad gone through more j' than I was to undergo?legs and arms | ! bad been cut off and operations more terrible than these had* been performed upon men, and surely it seemed as though f I could stand a few slashes of the knife, f And while the doctor hunted among the cruel steel things, I looked around me. There in the corner stood a tall glass case, and in it a grinning, ghastly skeleton. It might have been the bones of on oof ray friends, one whom in life was my boon companion for all I knew.. On the wall to the right was a colored engraving of a man's interior depart- j ment. Possibly, I would not have noticed it had I struck it outside of a doctor's office and under other circum stances; but now, lying on the cooling board, waiting to see my own blood, I was forced to observe it closely. What I a horrid picture! So many organs, and each so tender, seemingly, that they were liable to be injured even by a bread crust. There was the heart with blood pumps. The lungs, the liver, the kidneys I All { delicate, all liable to be disarranged and yet life with all its pleasure, its joy s, its blessings, depended upon the proper care of each. And how many men out of a ] picked 100 knows bow to care for any one of those important organs, and bow many out of the hundred has any thonght for either of them ? You strike a man with heart disease and the doctors tell him he must avoid excitement. He does 11 not forget the admonition but be feels as I' though a little excitement, just a little, I' will not hurt him?the doctor is overly j cautions, you know?but before the poor fellow knows it he is meat for the under* taker. Just the same way with the man whose lungs are affected. His doctor tells him he must avoid the cold air and be careful that he swallows none and thus chill his lungs; but he goes out of his warm prison of a house and gets a taste of the cool air. It feels so good to his hot face that he makes himself be* I lieve that a moment in that deliciously cool air cannot hurt him, and then he has wrapped himself up carefully. But in that moment of enjoyment the cold, raw air has been drawn into the lungs, and he suffers and dies. The man with the kidney trouble is told by his doctor that alcohol is poisonous to him. Perhaps he bravely resists the temptation and abstains until some day he feels thirsty, water does not satisfy him, and there is I is a longing for a cocktail, a milk punch, or some other elegant disguise for red liquor, and he is satisfied in his own mind that just one won't hurt, and down goes the cocktail or the milk punch. Not having indulged in some time the red liquor, so pleasantly disguised, soon j sends its fumes to the brain, and while feel* I I ing as if he had fully recovered from his ailments, the patient takes just one more, knowing that it will not hurt. This makes him take another and by this time he does not care a continental whether his kidneys are wrong or wheth* er he has any kidneys at all. And that is the way I occupied my mind while the doctor searched among his instruments for one that would suit my case. J The little room was close and warm, and as I wiped my throbbing brow with my handkerchief, I noticed that it was scented with a perfume the odor of] which was new to me. It was pungent, but then I care so little for perfume that I didn't mind it much, though I wonder-1 ed where I obtained it. Then I took another look about the room. The skeleton was the first object to meet my eye. I had to pinch myself to see if I had my right senses, for I saw the ghastly thing open the show case and walk out. It flashed across me that the doctor was developing a living skeleton for some side show. Then the bones walked all around the cooling board and looked into my face. The grinning skull was so closa, to me that I could see bits of gold filling in the teeth. At first I wanted to run away, but I remembered that other men had had legs and arms cut off and if they could stand that much I could stand a trifling operation. But were those patient people treated to the sight of a I skeleton walking about the room ? I can tell you truthfully I was uncomfortable. Once I tried to rise from the cooling board, but my limbs refused to move. Then I thought of people being trans? fixed by fear, and concluded that I too must be transfixed, for not a band could I raise. The skeleton moved about un? easily for some time and then halted under the picture of the man whose interior was displayed. And then some? thing occurred that fixed the scene indel? ibly on my mind. I saw the skeleton take the heart from the picture and place it under its ribs on the left side. Then it took down the lungs and looked at them as if to Bay: ."You are not what I want, but I'll have to make you do," and put them also under its ribs. Then with both long bony hands it carefully gathered an armful of intestines and things and placed them in position. Then I knew what that skeleton was do? ing. It had tired of life in a showcase and wanted to make a man of itself. And as the thought occurred to me, I forgot my fear and felt as though I didn't blame the skeleton a bit, poor thing, but I chuckled to myself at the idea of its getting things in the wrong place ; for instance, suppose it had put the heart on the right side! When it had gotten the bowels right, the partly made man began stripping the man in the picture of his skin. It reach? ed up, aud beginning at the head, strip? ped it off as you would strip the bark VOLUME from a tree; and when bis whole skin bad been taken off, the skeleton began putting it on his bones, just as tbe circus men put on tights. In a short while tbe skin was on, and it seemed to me as I watched from the cooling board, tbe skin fit it nicely, just as though it bad been made for the bones. The skele? ton, which was now nearly a man, then walked to a little mirror that was in the room, and afteca few strikes on the hair with the doctor's brush, moved away as if satisfied with his appearance. Then be opened the doors of a wardrobe which [ had supposed was full of jars of pickled monstrosities, and took down a suit of the doctor's clothes and donned them. Yon can imagine my feelings as I looked upon this man, tbe manufacttrre of whom [ had soon with my own eyes. And then udge again my feelings when that man jame to me with a hand, the bones of ivhicb I had seen in a showcase, and rudely shake me just as though I had seen asleep and had not been a close, though silent witness of his strange met? amorphosis .' But I pretended as though [ had been asleep, just to please him, ind looked into bis face. Great Scott! [t was the doctor's kindly countenance I 'Did you feel any pain?" he asked. I pondered at his question and looked for :he newly made man. He was not there. [ looked at the showcase. The skeleton was there, as ghastly as even I glanced it the illustration of anatomy. It had not oeen disturbed. "You must be a little careful for a few lays," said tbe doctor, as he wiped the blood from a knife. Then it came to mo. The perfume on the kerchief was chloro? form which the doctor had deftly put apon it. I bad been under its influence ind during that time tbe operation bad 3een performed. My self-made man wa.? i mytb.?ATacon (Oa) Telegraph. What they Both Thought. It was twenty five minutes past seven. The buggy was at the door to take him ? the train. His band was on tbe knob. 'Good bye," he called out. There came xom some where upstairs, through the lalf open door, a feminine voice, "Good )ye," then he had gone out into the glad ipriogair, odorous with the foretokens )f coming life and musical with the tongs of tbe nest builders. But there iras no song in bis heart, no spring hope ind light in his life, as he took tbe reins )ut of his groom's hand and spoke to his impatient horse a sharp "Get on!" And is he rode through the royal avenue that led up to his bouse, this is what be thought: "If I had been a guest, Martha would have been up and dressed. She would have sat at the table and seen that my . :offec was good, and my eggs hot, and my toast browned. And I should have bad at least a parting shake of the hand, md a hope expressed that I would come again. But I am only her husband !" And this is what she thought as she put ihe last touches to her hair before her glass and tried hard to keep the tears back from her eyes before she went down to see that tbe family breakfast was ready: "I wonder if Hugh really cares any- j thing for me any more. When we were Bret married be never would have gone off in this way with a careless 'Good-bye' tossed up stairs. He would have found time tc run up and kiss me good-bye, and tell me that he missed me at bis breakfast, and ask if J. were sick. He is a perfect gentleman to every one but bis wi fe. I believe be is tired of me. Well! well 1 I musn't think such things as these. Perhaps he does love me after all. But?but?it is coming to be hard to be? lieve it." And bo with a heavy heart she went to her work. And the April sun laughed in at the open windows, and tbe birds chirped cheer to her all day, and the flowers waved their most graceful beck" onings to her in vaio; all for want of that one farewell kiss. Oh 1 husbands and wives, will you nev? er learn that love often dies of slightest wounds; that the husband owes no such thoughtful courtesy to any other person as be owes his wife; that tbe wife owes no such attentive consideration to any guest as she owes to her husband; that life is made up of little things, and that ofttimes a little neglect is a harder burden for love to bear than an open and fragrant wrong. Can't (jet Too Much, There was a bridal couple coming in on the Bay City train the other day, and the passengers in that particular car were on the grin most of tbe time over their antics. The bride bad got the man she loved, and she didn't care a copper who saw her pillow her head on his shoulder. Tbe bridegroom had got a farm with his wife and if be wanted to feed her on gum drops or squeeze her hand whose business was it 1 A little old man, dried up and bareheaded, sat directly in front of the couple, and he looked around so often that the young husband finally explained : "We're just married." "I knowed it all the time," chuckled baldbead. "And we can't help it, you know." "No you can't?I'll be blamed if you kin!" "I presume it all seems very silly to an old man like you," continued the husband. "Does it! Does it!" cackled the old fellow as he hobbled around. "Wall, you bet your life she doesen't. I've been right thar three times over, and I'm on my way to Canada to marry a fourth ! You orter Bee me a week hence. I'll hug and squeeze and fondle at the rate of forty miles an hour, and darn the skunk that laffs at me! Silly! Why, children, it's paradise biled right down !" ? The minister was dining with bis family, and he said to Bobby, with an amused Bmile, "I'm afraid, Bobby, that you haven't the patience of Job." "No, sir," responded Bobby, who was hungry, "but Job wasu't always helped last." ? Why will you cough when Shiloh's Cure will give immediate relief. Price 10 cts., r>0 cts , and $1. 3 ? Shiloh's Catarrh Remedy?a posi tivc cure for Catarrh, Diphtheria and Canker-Mouth. i XXIII.- -NO. 51. AH Sorts of Paragraphs. ? One of the bright spots in existence is 8pot cash. ? The value of manure from one hun? dred fowels is about $?0 peranum, ? A tablespoonfal of turpentine boil? ed with your white clothes will aid the whitening process. ? A teaspoonful of salt in each kero? sene lamp makes the oil give a much clearer, better light. ? 20,000 acres of forest land in South? west Georgia was recently sold to a syn? dicate of Illinois and Indiana capitalist*. -?'The farmer who thinks that to make money be must go where land is cheaper, should consider well if he would : not make more money by making the land he has deeper and richer. ? The Manning Times says that a cat belonging to Mr. Eden, living near Pa nola, recently gave birth to seven kittens, all perfectly formsd, bat four of them are connected together by a kind of ligament, somewhat like the Siamese twins. - ? Better locomotives can be bought now for $5,000 than those for which $3,000 was paid daring the war. It is easy to estimate how much was saved by those of us who managed to worry along without locomotives during the war, and, deferred laying in a stock nntil this year.. Norristown Herald. ? Mr, Blair, of New Hampbire, has ' presented a bill to the United States Senate to prevent the transportation of - the mail on Sunday. It looks also to the,prevention of parades and drills and public games. It is the outcome of a. shower of petitions to the same effect now before the Senate. ? A rope just finished for the Edin? burgh cable tramway is 17,000 feet loDg. This is the longest unspliced cable in Great Britain but for the Melbourne (Austrailia) tramway rope, 20,000 and , 26,000 feet in length, and without splic? ing, have been supplied. The latter: weighs twenty-four tons. ? The latest republican charge against ] Mr. Thurmau is that he bribed the guard to permit Gen. John Morgan, the Con? federate raider, to escape from the Ohio penitentiary during the war. This up? sets the general accepted story that Gen. Morgan escaped by means of a' tunnel excavated by himself and associates. ? The exhibition of fish recently opened at Harve, France, includes many 31 poisonous varieties, some of which are : poisonous when eaten, others merely venomous. In the Japan sea is found one of the former class, which is some? times used as a means of suicide. It brings on sensations like those* produced by morphine, and then death. ? In a report to the Western New - York Hoticultural Society an experience | ed fruit grower of Tompkins county (Mr. P. B. Crandall) states that salt spread . around a grape-vine in a radius of three, or four feet, sufficient to whiten the ground, has been a preventive of mildew for the past two years. The same varie? ties adjoining, not thus treated were ruined by mildew, while those salted were saved. The result of the experi? ment should be noted by grape-growers whose vines are exposed to mildew~~-~? ? A five year old who had been to. Sunday-school for the first time came home puffed up with importance over what he had learned. "Mamma," said; he, "do you know about Lot's Wife?" "A little," she said; "but tell me what you know." So the little fellow told his story very earnestly, becoming positively dramatic when he reached the climax, and said, "And the Angel of the Lord said unto Lot's wife, Skute for your life and don't you look back; but she did look back, and turned a somersault." ? The Portland Advertiser has a good story, which it credits to Bishop Simp? son. A Methodist congregation, who regretted the departure of minister whose time had expired, plied the pastor with questions about the man appointed *to succeed him. The pastor gravely an? swered them: "He is a good man and an able preacher, but?there, Idon't suppose ; I ought to say anything, and I think on reflection that 1 won't." Of course this inflamed everybody's curiosity, and they insisted that he explain. After disclaim- j ing any intention to prejudice the new man, he informed them that the coming incunbent parted his hair in the middle. The congregation were indignant, but decided to suspend final judgment until they had seen the new man. The next Sunday, when he walked up the aisle, every eye was upon him, and as he faced the people there was a broad smile'on every face in the church. He was bald. ? Mr. Elly P. Taylor, of Mars Bluff, was graduated from Wofford College last week with degree of A. B. Mr. Taylor, entered the preparatory department of J Wofford College in 1879 with the pur- ] pose of giving himself a thorough col legiate education. His means being j limited, he was forced, after having bef^J In college for some time, to discontinue^! his studies and teach school in order to obtain funds with which to prosecute his j college studies. In 1882 he married a young lady of Spartanburg County^J This, however, did not divert him from - his original purpose and ho still continu? ed to teach and attend college alternately until last week when he was su^essfttl in winning his degree. Among those who listened to bis graduating speech j were bis wife and two little children, j Mr. Taylor deserves credit both for his J commendable desire to fit himself for the duties of life by giving himself a good education, and for the pluck and energy and perseverance which he displayed in j his efforts to obtain a collegiate training.; Such men generally make our best cififl zens and we have no doubt Mr. Taylor* will do credit to himself and to his conn* ty.?Pee Dee Index, Its Delicacy of Flavor Aud the efficacy of its action bare, rendered the famous liquid fruit remedy,~ Syrup of Figs, immensely popular, cleanses and tones up the clogged and^ feverish system, dispels headaches, colds^ and fevers, cures Habitual Constipation," Dyspepsia, and the many ills dependinf on a weak or inactive condition Kidneys, Liver, and Bowels. Manufac-J turedonly by the California FTg Sj_ Oompany, San Francisco, Cal. Foraall by Simpton, Beid & Co. 30-| M