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BY E. B. MURKAY & CO. ~ ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 3, 188L VOLUME XVI-NO '\n THE NEW SOUTH. A Full Interview With Hruittor Joieph K. Brown. Ntui York Herald. WASHINGTON, January 14. 1 n&ked bim what he thought was the fir.it duty ot the South? "To got away from politics," he replied without hesitation, "and to give thc time and attention nf her people to practical j matters. Of course, I do not mean that ! we should abandon any political princi ples, but simply that we should not give sentimental abstractions thc absorbing j attention they have heretofore hud. The j South can make nothing by political ag- ; Hatton, while it can make a great deal Ly turning its attention to practical mat ter*. I think if we could have nothing to do with politics lor tho nest eight or too years it might be belter for us. I am not afraid that the principles ot' Democ racy will suffer from abeyance. Tho question of State rights, for instance, will, I am satisfied, huve the earnest ?un port of New England, as soon as the West and South have grown a little moro poweiful. The Democratic party is haded i on essential principle'*, and they wili iivo without perpetual agitation. "Hut thc question ol'practical advance? meut," tho senator weut on to say, "ia a pressing one. Wc have vast resources, that are but partially developed or en tirely Jocked up. Wo want our rivers opened, so that our limber and naval stores can be marketed, and we waut ! our superb harbors improved, so that the ! productions and commerce of our own 1 State and half dozen other States that ! seek these barbara can lind an outlet, j We want our people educan d, their minda ! developed, and to these ends our Repre sentative* should work. The South ?3 prospering, but ibero are certain agen cies of development that must be em ployed to hasten and niako her full devel opment." "You think, then, that the South baa made progress iu the past few years ?" "I am certain of it. Any man who rides through our section cannot fail to noto tho advancement. He will see bel ter fences, better stock, better houses, better barns, new factories, thriving cities that wero towns a few years ago aua towna that wero villages. Hui the Smith is just now prepared for real development. We have just finished smoothing over thc desolation of war. rehabilitating our farms : aad paying our debts. The recuperation shown by thc South is almost without parallel. Just look nt her condition at tho elimo, fif the war. She bsd !'..*! by one sweep of a pen about $2,000,000,000 worth of slave property, there having been freed about four million negroes worth $500 each. She had lost quite as much more by equipping and supporting her armies for four years, for everything was paid for in Confederate notes or bonds, which wero valueless. She was made to contrib ute largely to the support ot tho arniiesof the North by seizin c of her property wher ever thov needed it. She lustmilliona of dollars, worth of property destroyed by both armies-as houses, stock, fences, &c, At the close of thc war h^r people found themselves stripped of almost ev erything except their tanda, and much of that was sold for Federal taxes, their farms desolate, their bomeadismantied tho heads of families and firms dead the old, order of things subverted and the people heavily in debt. Wo were then not only g'i7on our proportion of the national debt to pay, but special taxes laid on our cot ton and tobacco. These taxes were pure ly and simply sectional, ns cotton and tobacco nro not raised North or Weat, and took million* from our people annu ally. Tho cotton tax was raised after several years, during which probably $40.000,000 was collected, but the tobac co tax, collected almost entirely from the South, is still levied, and a large propor tion of tho whisky tax is also paid by us. Nothing but the crurage and industry of our people and the enormous incomes received from their crops would have en abled them to hare recovered at all from thosn crushing losses and oppressions, much less within a.single decade." GETTING IUD OF OK BT. "Have you about finished paying up your debts and gelling your afTiirs in shape?" "Yes, sir ; our peoplo are almost out of debt. They have almost restocked and refitted their farms, they are using agri cultural implements, have rebuilt their cities and towns and are now ready for progress and development. Tuc immense incomes from cotton and other crops that have been for tho past ten or twelve ycaradovotcd to rehabilitation andsottling up old scores, will for ihe next fu years, seek new investment, and it is tho high ett duty of statesmanship to encourage measures that will lead toa legitimate in vestment of this money. With this done the South will in a few years he wealthy mid independent, and this is the shortest road she can iako to power and respect. Just take our cotto:? crop alone. In 1865 it waa 2,228,087 baie;: ; in 18/0 it was 4,352,317 bale* ; in 1879 it was 5.023,000, and tho estimate for this year is G,000,000. If this is correct-and I suppose it will bo-it shows that wo have nearly trebled the crop in fifteen years, and hnvo increased i,7O0.U0O bales in tho last ten yearn, and ought to realize nearly ?300, 000,000 for thia year's cotton ciop alone. I do not claim that the South is alone in this progress. Tho whole country, has done well. We have, in 1379,2,484,884.041 bushels of grain against 1,029,027,COO in 1870, au enormous increa?e in less than ten years. We huve now 5)1,591 'niles of railroad against 35,035 in 1865, and 52, 914 in 1870. Thia marvelous growth should admonish every s!" te-rr.an, sorts and South, that thcro ia n higher duty upon na all than mero abstract politics; that wo should address ouraelvea to prac tical questions, and should engineer with all prudence and intelligence the onward rush of our country for tho next decade." "What do you think thc course of the South should bo?" "Tho first thing that tho people of tho South should do in a political way :a to con vince tho people of tho Norlh that they have accepted in perfect good faith tho re construction measures and the amend ments to tho Constitution, and will stand by them and carry them out in all that they legitimately imply. We can never hopo to win a National victory until this is dono. It WM fe:'.r on tue part of the capitalists and substantial men, of the Norlh of tho South's sincerity und np {irehenaions created by n few Southern lourbona that defeated us in the laat election, and will defeat tia until it ia entirely removed. Wc have nothing to loso by being frank and straightforward and everything to lo*e by agitation, prej udice and passion. The coursa of her rep resentatives should be to argue (mattera auietly and without intemperance, to iacourago all Rectinnal feeling, to live on good terms with tho representatives of nil sections, and move in solid phalanx with thom In any movement that promises to aid our common country in working oat its great dc-tiny." HOW TO KILL SECTIONAL HATHE!*. "Then, If I understand you, you think the South must execute tho constitutional amendments in ~ od faith boforo tho Nation il Democracy can riso to power? What about the solid South ?" I "I nm very well satisfied that there id ? no chance for the success of tho Demo- ! eratic narty of the Union until wc of tho i South have convinced thc poopic of the i North and West that wo have accepted the constitutional amendment? which are i tho results of the war, not only in plat forms nnd on paper, hut that nc are in prac tice living up to them and carrying them I out in good faith. When wo have done thin sectional hate will die, and the bloody i shirt, which will no longer serve the pur poses of the party in power, will he bur ied to be raised no more. Then it will be no longer in tho power of a few im prudent Bourbons in thc South, who as rumo to be leaders, to defeat the Democ- : racy sad bring disaster upon us by their indiscreet utterances, nor will it longer be necessary for the Democracy of the South lo crillee to tho dictation of a few incom petent Northern leaders. As lhere will , then he no further cause for sectional strife, there will be as much reason why the Democracy shall subserve the best interests of the South, as there will why thc-Smith shall subserve tho interests of tho Democracy of the Union. When sec tional hate and strife no longer exist and , we have one united country the reason for a solid South and a solid North will cease. Parties will then no longer exist on sectional issues or raco lines, but they will be formed upon the great living practical issues of tho day, such as tariffs, bank currency, eic. While this may not bc better for tho class of politi cians who live by keeping sectional issues alive, I Gru sure it will be better for the South, better for the North, and better for the whole country. The great laboring classca of the South are tired of sectional strife. They want peace, they want a faithful execution of the laws ; they want a full restoration of property : they want the Union of our fathers, upon the con stitution as il is. With this restoration and thc vast resources of the South prop erly understood and appreciated by the men ol means, tho substantial business men of tho North and West, many of whom would then comG South, there is no limit to tho future prosperity and wealth of tho South. It ?H destined to bo the richest section of the Union, becauso Providence has been more lavish of Ilia gift? there than in any other sccliou. THE OLD AND KEW r.P.A. "All patriotic citizens now admit thal thc Union is to be perpetuated and the States by which it is funned indestructi ble. And I thiuk our past experience should by thin time have convinced all sagacious mpn in the South that we can ncvor reach the full measure of our ma terial prosperity nor attain the high Utfnuuy which awaits us until we have placed ourselves in accord with tho other sections of the Union, and have dignified labor and secured legal rights m al!. Under the slavery system we could not do thia. Now there is no se rious obstruction in the way, and the soon er we do it the better. The destruction of slavery inaugurated a new era, and we must keep pace with thc ago or fall be hind in lite race. "In'his conneclio? permit me to say that a writer in the Herald, of the 25lb ult., who states that I am now trying to im press the Senate of the United States that I was a Uniuo man, greatly misrepresents me. I have stated in the Senate distinct ly and emphatically that I was an original Secessionist; that I believe I was right then, nnd believe now I was right then. Dut that thc war settled that question against us of the South and we now, in, good faith, acquiesce in the decision. Under the old era I am satis lied thataSiato had tho right tn secede. Under tho new era and the constitutional amendments a State has no such right. Tho old South under tho old era, maintained and practised slavery. The new South, under the new era, has consented to the abolition of slavery, and that our former slaves are now citizens with every legal right of citizenship. This chango has swept away slave labor and has elevated and dignified free labor. It is now our duty to sec that labor has its just reward, and that citizenship is protected in overy legal right." KEORO EDUCATION. "You have interested yourself con siderably in pressing an educational bill ?" "Yes, and I think that of the very lirst importance to our people. We have ac cepted the enfranchisement of thc negro in perfect good faith and aro determined to protect him in his every right. The platform on which I was elected was a free volo and a fair count. But we want these [ipople educated PO that they can vote intelligently and honestly, and pre vent them being defrauded. Georgia is doing her duty in this matter to the extent of her ability, but we cannot do all thal is needed. New England has a heavy re sponsibility &t thc thia point. She brought tlie slaves from Africa and sold them to us. She and her allies freed them after we had bought them. She enfranchised them after they were freed. Sho will fal! in the discharge of a solemn duty if slio does not help to educate them. Knowl edge will protect thom as armies nor laws nor anything else ever can, and, I will here add that I am very happy to see tho interest manifested by the Northern Senators in this subject. In the debate in the Senate they showed a most liberal and just spirit." "I have seen intimations that you would possibly bo called to Garfield's Cabinet. Do you prefer thtB to a leader ship in tho Senate?" "I do not anticipate tho possibility of being called to the Cabinet, nnd seo no reason why I should be. I can ?>?-.y very postivcly that under no circumstances would I leavo the Senate to go into tho Cabinet. I consider a senator's place in dignty and character next to that of President, and I have no higher mark far my ambition than tho place I hold. I do not aspire to tho responsibility of leadership In the Senate, and allusions to such a thing arc distasteful to me. I am willing to follow any manor men who propose any thing ihr.t 1 may ho satisfied will work to the good of the country. I am ambitious only lo help my section my country in itsfitriipglc for advancement and pros perity." IMMIGRATION IN TUE SOUTH. "With what reception will immigrant; to the South meet in the future?" "A perfectly cordial and hearty one It in useless to deny that just at the close of tho ?var, when wo wero irritated ovei tho loss of our cause, our sons and hus bands and property, wo did not meet Northern settlers with the proper cor diulity. But I can say with equal frank nesa that that feeling has completely dice out and now a Northern man is met jun the same ns a Southern man. There ii literally no dilforonco, except that a little moro trouble may be tnken with a North ern man of good character to make bin feel at home. The testimony of Northen men livingjn tho South will show this ti be true. There is no section of tho COUH try in which such inducements arc ofTerei lo legitimate enterprise ns in tho South and there is mom for all that will corni and. a hearty welcome without tho slightes dwngw of ortrachrm. Tho Suxtn of Gwr jia is au Empire within it-elf. It has inore iron than Pennsylvania and inex haustible beds of coal, arid it is said liv the State Geologist that it bas more gold than California. The yield of gold bul lion with our imperfect mining system is iver one million dollars a year, and our ron ore and pig iron command a prenti jin in tho best markets. We lead the Southern States in cotton manufacturing ind are lidding from twenty to sixty thou mud spindles a year. Tho factories aro aniventally profitable, and I see from the report of tho largest one that it has paid I'JSperceut. in dividends in eleven years, icing about eighteen per cent, a year, jesides having built a uew mill from its surplus earnings. Every new mill started s n nucleus for others. In the northern iiirtof our Slalo clover and cotton Inp :ach other and grow in tho same field ; ii the middle portion wheat and cotton ;row side by side. In South Georgia rico md cotton are raised on the same farms. IVe have unbounded forests of tito finest iinber, and an untouched wealth of naval itores. The mountains and valleys of Northeast Georgia oiTers every induce neut for orchards and stock farm?, and is ust being penetrated with railroads. \dded to lhc*e facts wc have the liberal ind progressive course taken by G? irgia, he cordial fe npcrof her people-making t the most inviting field for immigrants." CLIMATE, ROIL A KI) FIIODUCTH. "What part of Georgia, iu your ophi on, is the most inviting for immigrants ?" "That depends entirely upon the'..-isle md pursuit of thc immigrant. The climate s genial and healthy, with every variety o suit thc preferences of thc immigrant, vbalcver may be his pursuit. If ho de lires to raise rice, sea island cotton and enii-tropical fruits, including ibo orange, md have fish in abundance, or desire o engage in the culture of early vegeta tes and fruits for Northern consumption, ie can find suitable location upon her southern coasls or islands. If ho dcaircs o engage extensively in tho lumber jusinesa there is no better field open to tim in tho world. lu connection with his, he can make turpentine and naval Hores to any extent that his capital and interprisc may justify. If he desires to aise cotton and produce the cereals nee ; ssa ry for his own use there is no better k-UI than Middle and Southern Georgia. !f ho desires to embark in sheep husban Irv or tho raising ?f cattle ho can do so villi great success in all tho wire grass bction of the State, where they Winter hcmselves upon thc spontaneous produo ions of tho earth. If he wishes to make "gnr and syrup for his own usc, and ?V?U br market South Georgia affords him an imple field. If ho wishes to cultivate ?lover and the other grasses, with corn, vheat, oats and cotton, the rich valleys >f upper Georgia holds a most inviting jrnspect. If he wishes to raise the nppio md other fruits of ibo higher latitudes he high table and mountain land of Northeastern Georgia affords him and an implo field with liberal remuneration, if ho wants to engage in the culture of mtaloes and vegetables in common uso ie can find aRuiiablc location in almost my part of the State. If be wants a lealihy retreat in the heat of summer ho ian find among the mountains of North iast Georgia localities where the buds icarccly begin to swell before tho first lays of June, and where he will need ire in his room every night in tho year. IT he wants to engage in tho manufacture ?f cotton, water power of the best kind iboutid without limir, and bc will never be nterrupted a day during the year by tho treains being frozen over with ice, or if ic prefers tho use of steam power, be can lave that in the upper part of the State, lear the coal mines, as cheap as is bc can have it anywhere in the Union. Vnd if his tastes or his training lead him uto the business of merchandising, At anta, Savannah aud other centres of tho Hate extend to him an inviting field and i cordial invitation. In a word, wo offer 0 the immigrant of every calling or pur uit a cordial welcome and an inviting ield of operations, where industry, en ;rgy and economy soon lead not only to :ompetency, but to tho accumulation and possession of largo wealth. We want, in 1 word, a large importation of Yaukee apital and au infusion of Yankee en :rgy, Yankee enterprise, Yankee educa io? and Yankee business sense. They viii not only find ampio remuneration ind reward there, will but greatly issist our own people and improve he wealth, property and society cf he State." SOME FAMOUS DIIESSES.-In the pring of 17?3, after tho execution of Louis XVI., which tool: place on Jami? iry 21, 1793. and was followed by that of dario Antoinette on October lGtb of tho ame year, It was decreed by order of tho :ourt thal thc furnilure and all clso that ernaincd in tho palace of the Tuileries vas to Lo sold. Tho sale lasted six nonius, and had it not been stopped vould but e lasted six months longer. At this Hale Pierre de la Riviere of Normandy, Minister of Foreigu Affairs, )ureha?<i"J throe dresses belonging to ?ueen Marie Antoinette. Theso became ho property of his son, who removed to ian Domingo, from which place ho fled luring thc last insurrection, to Philadel phia. The three dresses purchased at thia isle were blue, purple, and tho present mc, old gold color, all of iii?.:? richly mibroidered. They descended to his laughter, Mme. Hernie Mignot, of Jhariesion, o. C., tho granddaughter of fierre de la Riviere, who afterward mar ied M. Rutjes, of Charleston. From 1er the gold-colored dress descended to mo of ber daughters, Miss Ru;jco, bon \Irs. Churchill, from whom itwasp-jrehas :d by Mme.Demorcst in 1879. Thisinter !..ting souvenir is pale yellow salin, the ?olor mellowed by age to an old-gold int, richly embroidered in bouquets anJ garlands of flowers in natural colors, which to a remarkable degr-so retain heir original brilliancy. Thc genuineness of thit dress is be yond question, and can be fully substan iated. The blue dress became tho properly if a daughter of Mme. Mignot, who narricd and removed to HoiMpnd, and vas mado into a suito of furniture now n the possession of her husband at Eind lovon, Holland, near tho frontier of Bel riu m. The purple dress, after having been in .he possession of a sister of Mme. Mig lot, returned to her after her alstcr's lea th, and was burned in the great fire in Charleston in 18(31.-Demorest'a Monthly MagatUie. - A novel means of raising money ivas made use of at a charitable fair just | ;losed nt Patterson. A handsome silver cwol casket waa provided, to bc awarded to the person guessing nearest to the lumber of beans contained in aa odd limped bottle, the guesses being ten cents ?piece. Over four nundred persons tried heir luck. Thc winner wa? a little girl who bought the last guess and who shut tier eyes and took a number on which lirr pencil chanced to strike. The mini ner of beans waa found to be 2,505, the iv i y number the little girl had selected, rho highest number guessed waa 6,100 rad tue lowest OT9?. The Chilli:: .1 Government. The government is an absolute Dion? archy, though it is dcspoticnl only within certain limits ; for while there in no writ* fen constitution confining thc Emperor's powers within certain bounds, there nre ancient customs and precedent?-tho example and practice of former Emperor* -a surt of unwritten constitution which he may not violate without incurring the remona!rance of the ccnaorato. And while he ia n man of 'mich power, being as he ?a the head of, and holding the power of life and death over, ono fourth of tho inhabitants of tho globe, ho ia really Q mere figure-bead, lie ia immured wituir the walla of the inner or Imperial city of Pekin, and koowa only what bia minis tera and ?the department of State allow him to see and know. In yearn gone by tho Emperor sometimes went into tho provinces and ?aw and heard for himself tho condition of his children, tho people -but now, and for many years, bia min- ? iatcra ami heads of department" of State, through whom all business ia transacted, have convinced him that bia royal person should not be tim-; exposed, and that his honor is too uttered to como in contact with the multitude of officials, or even to receive communications from any, ex cept from his high oflicials, and they should come tbrougb tho departments of State to which thc matter pertained to bis high minister!?. Thus these high and designing functionaries stand between the Emperor and thc people, for as the governors of provinces arc recommended and secured by some of these high dig nitaries nt court, who arc richly rewarded for their influence and good offices in securing these appointments to office, no com plain ta of oppression or extortion in tho provinces can reach tho Emperor without their permission. Hence, bri bery, corruption and extortion of tho most flagrant character abound, oven among tho ministers and heads of de* Etartinent? of thc Stale at tho fountain lead of power. ADMINISTRATION IN TUE I-JIOVIKCE8. China proper ls divided into eighteen provinces. Each province is divided into Foo?, or departments ; each department is divided into Wens, districts or counties. The administration in thc provinces ia tluough thc governor, and Ilia cabinet, consisting of a lieutenant-governor the military governor, the provincial treasur er, and the chief justice of the province -all of whom aro Imperial officers. The governor, or in thc case of some larger provinces, a viceroy, who ia ap pointed for tb re? years, exercises well nigh full powers within tho territory over which he presides, somewhat aa a feudal prince. Ho is thus made the ruler of from fifteen to thirty-five millions of people. He ia responsible to thc Pekin government for the good order, tho Im perial revenue, and the defouec of bia province. With him the direct adminis tration of the Pekin government ends. At this point he, by delegated authority, virtually administers tho Imperial gov ernment over the population of his prov ince. This is done through tho Foot of departments, and Wens (magistrates) of districts or counties. These are die officers who govern the people directly. They are appointed by the Pekin government, upon the recom mendation of thc governor. Tho niagii trate of a Wen is the real ruler of tho people. It is with him lliev havo to do. It ia to him they arc amenable, and to no other. To him they pay their taxes on land, and it is before him that all cases of litigation aro instituted in thc fina in stance. Any case of appeal f rom his de cision ia to the Foo (prefect of a depart ment), who exercises jurisdiction over thc magistrates of eight or ten Wens. From the Foo, the appeal is to thc prov ince. lu point of fact, however, tho poo ple very rarely appeal from the judgment of the magistrate ; not thal they feel that justice baa been done them, but they have hecnao unmercifully fleeced-"squeezed" we call it here-thai they have but little lett; beside.-1, they know that the officials back each other, and they are not inclined to put themselves in thc power of another hungry pack. The governor delegates much of his administrative power lo Tao fai*, who have the surveillance of thic? ur inure Foos and the magistrates under them, and they generally reside in one ol ihe Foo cities. When a new governoi takca up his position at the provincial city, tho Taotaii, Foos, magistrates, an J other civil and military officers of thc province-the whole, with their thou Bands of subordinates, forming thc most stupendous bureaucracy that ever held a firm grasp upon a suffering people-aro ex' peeled, aud in laclare in duty bound, tc call at the provincial city, ostensibly t< pay their respects, but really to "greast the wheels," and thus smoothe their owl way, for none of them come empty-handed They often take with them, oateusibl; "to contribute towards defraying tin heavy expenses of his excellency," mor than double, the amount of their legiti male annual salary, and they are expect ted to call more than once a year. Ii this way, the governor of a rich r-rovinc receives, during his term of office, ono o two millions of talcs (Chinese ounce? c silver, to $1.33). Ho knows perfectl well thal the large amounts of money h receives from his subordinates, ar "squeezed" out of the very people whot il ia his duty to protect ; for ho bas bee a subordinate, and ia familiar with whu is due to trna in a higher position {tu from wheoco it comes. But this is hi harvest time; and this is a time-honore eic.tom. Ile has paid out large sums < money in tho shape of fees or presenta t the high officials in Pekin in order t secure thc appointment. And he lu yet "to contribute still larger euma ti warda ihe expenses of the. high functioi aries in Pekin who were kind enough I a-mimo the responsibility of becoming li security. (Tho responsibility was gre: for tho revenue of the whole nrovint passes through bia hands, and I Inc never heard of an auditing committee expert accountants.) Moreover, it ia universal custom, from tho highest cal net officer to the lowest official in tl provinces, for subordinates-if they wit to remain quietly in office-"to assist defraying the expenses of thoir superior?1 and for such voluntary acts of kindness bo accepted, and in time, rewarded. T potency of this practico among nfficil has been recognized in all thc ramificutio of society. No ono who wishes to ask favor of another ever conies empty-ban ed. I often recieve small pr?senta fruits, jewels, &c. I know at tho time tl that man has a favor to ask, and my ai picions, in thc course of a few days, r. always verified. It is true tho Pekin government, as meant.' of securing thc people againta c tortion by tho local officials, send fl 'ligh commissioners into all the provint io take a general surveillance of all pi viticial mattera. Thia ia their opportunl and they know how to profit by it. Th expenses must bo paid by the govcrnn and tho local officials all know that I governor must bo reimbursed ; and they all know that they arc guilty, a know not who may have charges 1 against them, for -hieb the;; mav, to i the least, soffi r political dcrapiti.ti.in, tl arc not slow in coming to h's nid, i thus secure !?.'* good oflices wi b the h rwmmhTSTOirevy tn tho .?rill* of chm having been preferred against them by tho literati or their district, Though many and grievous charges are brought to the notico of tho high commission?!, lie is not unmindful of the furors he has received nt tho hands of tho governor, who is personally responsible for all the nels of his subordinates, (for it is his duty to know all that transpires in his prov ince,) ho io, therefore, disposed to net leniently towards the governor, anil to overlook all except a few flagrant cases, who must be dealt with ns a warning to ?(thorn. It is agreed that the blow snail fall on A & B, who, it may be, aro not is guilty as many others, but they are, perhaps, obnoxious lo tho governor, and, is the high commissioner knows that they Aie all guilty, he has reasons for favoring he governor. They aro accordingly charged before tho coin tn nioner and cash cred, and somo of tho favorites of thu governor-among tho many who havo ?ccured tho requisito literary degrees, nnd vho havo not only been declared at Pc ?in to be eligible for appointment, but vho havo more than onco, in a quiet and lelicnte way, reminded mora than ono governor that they aro ready, waiting and tr.xious for appointment-are nppoin cd to Gil tho vacancies, which appoint ncnts are in duo time confirmed. Thus ? t in that money makes the wheels of rovermnent in China run smoothly. Hmso high Imperial commissioners amass mnrmous fortunes, and thc Pekin gov rnment aro none the wiser io regard to he real condition ol things in tho prov nee? for having ?eut them forth. They queeze tho governors; tho governors querze their subordinates, :uid their u Loni i nat cs squeeze the oppressed people ind there is no redress for them ; for the Emperor is immured, and all communier; ions to the government must pass through i he goveruoi or commissioner to one of I he six boards of State, who aro interested n thc success of a governor, Acc. And if i Taotai should tend a. dispatch direct-as ? orno of them may-the boards ?if Slato :now how to dispose of it, and him ton. Jut as a rulo, tho esprit dc corps is all hat could bc desired.-Raf. M. T. Yates, 0. J)., in Biblical Recorder> A Pigmy Republic. The Republic of Andorra ranks only econd to Monaco among the small indo- 1 tendent States of thc world, and it very arely enjoys tho luxury of a popular , evolution. It has several political fac ial?, however, and tho more advanced if these thought that a gaming table rouldb?a on ru source of wealth to tho lepublic. The conservatives held that ts character was moro important than ls wealth, and a biller fight ensued. It ecms that the independence of Andorra lates from the time Louis the Mild, son if Charlemagne, who, to reward il? iu militants for helping him to cr.pturo ' Jrgel, granted them a Magna Charta, ! thich is still preserved in their archives. According to this charin they were ; milled to an autonomous government, nd though alter tho death of his father 1 nd accession to tho throne he made over J ?art of his suzerain rights to the bishop ! if Urgel. be retained one-half of tho ithes, which, up to a very recent date, ..ere still known as tho "Carlovingian 1 ax." Sine? that time the republic of 1 Vndorra has scarcely undergone u singlo 1 ?hange, and tue only attempt to inter- ; eoe in its internal affairs was when Jenry IV., then Count de Fois, forbade ho establishment of tho Inquisition ' here. If clericalism wit in favor among he Andorrans 300 years ago, thc iueas of heir decendants have undergone a com ilete change, ipr in 1842 u popular revo minn led lo the abolition ol the tithe ' iud of all taxes for ecclesiastical pu rpo - es. The republic is governed by a geu ral council, composed of twenty-four :ouncilura or consuls, twelve of whom 1 eiiro by rotation every year. All pub ic functions are gratuitous, and no ono ; nan can bold an official post unless ho is i nativo of Andorra. Tho Syndic or j *rocurator General is appointed for lifo by : he council, and tho two viguiers, whoso 1 loininalion is subject to tho sanction nf I ?Vaneo and Spain, ure coequal with the ' yiidic in all that relates io tho udminis- ' ration of justice. Tho vigucrs havo com- : .land of the armed force, which-consists ii all thc able-bodied men in the "val- ' eys aiu'. sovereignties of Andorra," ns he linio Republic styles itself in all ! itate documents. Andorra, however, is ' o a great extent subject to Spain, or tho Spanish gendarmes often lursuo criminals within ita limits, he real independence of tho inhabitant.'. ' ousisling in their freedom from taxa- ' ion, the military conscription, and cus- 1 oms dues. There aro few more curious spocta- 1 :les thiin that which is to be witnessed it Andorra when its council meets. The 1 wenty-four Councilors wear knee 1 ircecucs of gray cloth, with a waistband ind waistcoat of red wool, a black silk ? ?ravat, woolen stockings of a light blue 1 hade, und shoes with silver buckles, a 1 nug maulle (balandr?n) of black cloth, iued with crimson, and n red cocked tat. The viguiers uro at lyed in black relvet, and they alone, as dispensers of ustico and commanders of the forces, ire entitled to wear a sword. Andorra tself, with its narrow and tortuous treets, and ita ill-built houses, is notti ng better than a dilapidated village. >ut it contains a handsome church, ana ho bunding in which the Councilors ncct, with the arms of Andorra and tho nanrintinn "Domo? ftoncUlij 9<*dp* ustiro"," is remarkable ns being of the tide.a placet of architc:turo in Europe. J?SQUIM?UX FEMALE FASHIONS.-We nive had ample opportunity fur a study if ibo natives and the country. The tostumes aro novel and pleasing. Tho tumcn dress so nearly like tho men that, tt first glance, it is difficult to distinguish he sexes. Their small feet are enensed n a pair of moccasins, tho leggings of vltich reach a little above tho knee. A lair of tight fitting seal-skin trunks :ome next in thc suit. Tho roper part of ho body is clothed in thy loose-fitting imock, which is pulled OP over tho head ind is devoid of bottom. A fur-lined ?ood is attached, aud cnn bo drawn over .he head or allowed to full back on tho ihoulders nt will. The dressing of the lead is most rcmatkablt Tho hair is manged in a monumental knot, which iirojecta perpendicularly from the head, ind is bound with colored ribbon or leather. Tbe color of the ribbon de luteu the domestio standing of tho wearer. Maidens wear white, emblen nie of purity. On marriage they don med. Widows use somber black. Greenland Letter. - Gov. Cornell lent Conkling all his ippoinieea, including the canal and State' ?ison employes, to aid in tho nomination tl Thomas C. Platt for United Statos Senator. Platt had eight rooms at the Delaven House, in Albany, election eering purposes, and tho work was done according to tho highett style of the art. Conkling's power seems undiminished. [Ie did not appear on thc scene himself, but he was at thc end of tho wires. Vice President Wheeler's friends worked hard for bim, but their man bad no show from Rio brujir ntoffv Jeff. Davis? History of tho War. A Herald representative visited the publishing house of the Applclons on yesterday for tho purpose o?' getting whstover waB new concerning the forth coming history of tho Into war by Mr. Jefferson Davis, now in tho presses of that house, lie found at a desk in thc front of tho building Mr. J. C. Derby, who has moro direct charge, nf tho book, possibly, than any ono connected with the firm. In responso tn nu inquiry as to when tho book would be out he re plied : "Well, the Appleton* do not like to make promises, hut I feel justified in saying that it will be ready inside of ninety days. I havo now tho proof shoots of half tho first volume in my desk here. I nave just received a letter from Judgo Ten ny, who was sent down by thc house to assist Mr. Davis with thc "writ ing, in which he says that he will forward inside often days from the date of writ ing half tho manuscript for the second volume, which is now ready, and is with held simply that Mr. Davis muy make n Blight correction in ono of the" chapters. Ho adds that tho printers may bo put to work on it ot once, as the last half of thc Becond volume is about ready, and will bo herc before tho printers will need it. Ho writes that everything is uow rendy for the pushing forward of tho work, and that the manuscript, virtually prepared to the last chapter, will como forward nt once." "When was tho contract with Mr. Da vis for this work closed?" "About fivo years ugo. M. Davis has proceeded in thc preparation nf thia his tory with the utmost deliberation. Ho has taken nothing for granted, but has examined into tho smallest details and hiflcd tho records. He was ambitious, too, to glvo tho work such scope as to make it comprehensivo ns well as thor ough. His labor has, therefore, been immense. Still, he would have boen ready long ago if ho had been provided with prompt and skillful writers who could havo kept up with his dictation. He dictates slowly, deliberately, and will have no abort-banu writer. Sinco Judge Tcnny WM sent out to him nearly a year ago tho work has gone right ahead." "Has tho name of thc book been ngrecd on yet?" "YCH. It will bo called Tho Risc and Fall of tho Confed?ralo Government. The name first determined on '?as 'Tho History of tho Confederate war tor Inde pendence; Its Causes and Results*' You wilt see that title runs on the proof sheets here." "And by thc way, ' he said, as be lean id forward to get tho bundle of sheets from his drawer, "you aro tho first jour nalist that has ever had a glimpse of these proofs. And it is a coincidence [hat this history and Braucroft's his tory of the 'Times of Washington, nro being published simultaneously, and," holding up a batch of Bancroft s proofs, "that tho title of thc first chnptcr of Ban croft's is head jd 'Tho Confederacy,' meaning, cf course, tho first confedera tion of "the colonies. Ah! herc aro tho Davis proofs." With this ho held up a hundi? of meets, handsomely printed on heavy naper, in much the same stylo as, but clearer and heavier, than "Sherman's Memoirs." The "introduction" to tho b"ok was short, covering nearly tho first page nnd half the next, and it OOH Ul bo seen in the glance that the reporter got that the dedication was contained in the introduction. Tho titlo of the book which of courso will be changed on the present proof-sheets-runs across tho top of every page. "In what nb a pe and at what price will the book bo published?" "It will be issued in two volumes, about tho size of 'Applelons' Encyclo pedia,' and will be sold for a volnme. lt will bc sold entirely by subscription. There is already a largo demand, ono man in Missouri having already ordered 3,000 copies. While of courso tho heav iest demand is from the South, wo find n i'ery large demand throughout tho North, and shall bo disappointed if the ,nlcs do not reach 100,000 copies. Tho rnlea of 'Steward's Jottrne} Around tho World' went up to that j * int, and thc Jemand for this is as promising as thnt was. No expense has been spared tc make this book worthy of tho reputation it must have." "Tho terms upon which Mr. Davis writes tho book ore. liberal?" "It is sufficient to say that ho will re ceive enough from tho early sales to make him independent and easy for the rest of his life. But tho chief reward Lhnt ho will have will be tho conscious ness of ha"ing performed a duty that boa weighed upon him ever since tho failure of tho causo that ho represented. He de termined shortly after tho collapse of his government to devote thc remainder of his life to tho preparation of a full and comprehensive history of tho struggle nf the Southern people and thc cause that led to it." "Have you seen him since thc comple tion of tho work?" "Yes, I spent several days with him at Beauvoir last January, when his labor waa mainly over. 1 never caw a man that so sincerely rejoiced in his work. Ho said that bo had made r. history that would stand all tho tests of time and criticism, be?auso it was true, and that ho had put in permanent record a de fcnBO of his people that would command the verdict of posterity. He seemed to feel asa man who has lind a sacred duty weighing upon him as a burden, and who bau at last honorably lifted it from his shoulders. He gsvs fiv? yearn of almost unceasing labor to tho work. Night and day during thc most of that time bc has been in tho seclusion of Beauvoir, in bis little study, careless of the bustlo and worry of tho outside world, at work at his self-appointed task.'' Tho first volume of the work is almost entirely taken up with a constitutional discussion ot tho causes which led to the war. Tho latter half of this and the Inst volume treat < of .tho conduct of tho war. Both volumes will be illustrated with the portraits of tho prominent men who figured on tho Confederate side. Thc work is'.dedicatcd to tho widows and orphans nf the men who died for thc cause. Tho introduction affirms briefly the confederate character of tho Union nnd tho necessity of separate sovereign ties under general direction. - General Garfiold will travel to Washington in a special car. Wo are fradually getting to think moro of our 'residents. Until within a few years special cara wcro reserved exclusively for trotting horses. - Miss Mary Leo, General Robert E. Leo's eldest daughter, visi'ed the private gallery of tho United States Senate the other day. She was attended by Sena tors Ransom, Butler and Randolph and Representative Tucker. - The London correspondent of the Manchester Guardian saya the Jews of London havo departed from tho custom of their religion by offering prayers for tho repose of tho soul of George Eliot, although not ot their own faith, in recog nition of her services at thc literary champion of th ctr nw?. , Hon tho Nen Congress :tili be Organ* lied. WASHINGTON-, January 25. The republicans have now abaudoncd all hope of securing the organization of thc senate until 1883, unless death should help them out. They look upon Ma hmie as a democrat and have no nntici t pation that Tennessee will choose a re publican senntor. If Senator Drvis, of Illinois, could he assured of rc-eioction, it in believed he would crawl clear over the fence, and act with tho republicans. This assurance, howover, cannot bo had, becauso there is no probability that Illi nois will have further uso for him. Tho correspondent of tho Philadelphia Pr aa writaa : "I sometimes think that while the east are dining and toasting each other, the keen, hard listed men of tho west with out any frills to their Blurts, or half of them any gloves to their hands, run away with the legislation. Seo how they carry oil' thc high prizes ! Even now they aro wooing and beckoning to the speakership to come their way, and if Congressmen Frank Hiscock, of New York, dozen't capture and hold it for the cast I suppoi-e it will cross tho line of tho All?gu?mes, never more to returu. Pennsylvania, for her own honor's sake, must stand in solid with New York and New England in holding it back. Mr. Hiscock will make an eminently fit speaker. He has presence, voice, mag netism. He is a champion among pro tectionists. He has direction and fair ness to adjust ami balance tho various iuleiests upon tho great and powerful committee of the house. Ho has tho respect and good will even of his oppo nents and a phenomenally successful record during his two terms' tjervice. Ho will have at least 19 of tho 21 repub lican votes from hi? own delegation in the next congress, and I think tho entire 21. New England is cryHtalizing around him in preference to Mr. Heed, of Maine, who aspires to tho niantlo of tho succes sion since Mr. Frye announced his i"tiro ment. Another significant fact is that the most intimate friends of General Garfield iu tho Ohb delegation aro for Hiscock to a man, which indicates tho drift of thc Garfield mind. Garfield is personally fond of Hiscock, but whether ho would wish openly to take sides as be tween him and his old comrade, KSBSOII, is problematical to mo. To tho best of my belief thc men longest in tho houso lean a little toward lvasson for tho old time sake, while ino young bh.od, the men who came in with Hiscock two terms ago, or ono term behind him-and they constituto thrco-fourths of tho braiu power of the house-aro largely for the latter, partly from personal liking, partly from thc fear that Kasson, who luiH been four years away from tho house, will not discriminate intelligently as to tho young men who have como into posi tion and power in his ?baence. Hut there are 101 new men * .ke their scats at tho opening of tin next session alargo share of them rtpublicans-and they arc X, tho unknown quantity in this problem. They can bo writton to indefatigably by tho friends of candi dates, but the bulk of them do not care to commit themselves for or against a man till they have seen him. This is what makes the speakership question so per plexingly vague and uncertain. Who ever gets it will - not bo carried io the skies on flowery beds of ease.' There will bc a fierce fight for the prize." Wholesale Shooting. ?A private despatch received from Au gusta, Ark., reports that a feud which originated five years ago between a num ber of whites and negroes in what is known ns WhUo Church settlement, about nine miles north of the town, cul minated last night in aseries of startling assassinations. I i tho morning a row occurred nt Sapp'u store, resulting in tho wounding of two jegroes and threo whito men. During the night Alfred Wright, colored, who hil been a participant in the row, was fired on while seated beforo the firu in his cabin. Grasping a revolv er, ho ran into tho yard and discovered two men in tho rear of the house. An exciting duel ensued, several abuts being rapidly exchanged. Wright fell on tho ground after firing twice, mortally wounded. The assassins escaped, disap pearing in tho adjacent woods. Shortly after four negroes visited tho house of a wealthy planter named Charles Johnson. Ho waa sitting by tho fire reading a paper when they poured a volley into thu room, aiming nt bim. Crying "I am killed !" ho fell on the floor, blood streaming from numerous wounds in various parts of his body. His wife'? BcreaniB aroused the house hold, and two men wcro sent for a doctor. As they were returning with tho physi cian, nnd when they had reached nnd were passing atong a strip of bottom inter spersed with rocks and trees, through which the road wound its course, a sudden attack was made on them by parties in ambush. Putting spurs to their horses they succeeded in escaping ; but all were wounded and two mained for life, one man's hand and another's arm being hor ribly mangled. Tho physican, Div E. Dale well known and highly respected, is thought to have been mortally wound ed. Georgs Fenn, a schoul teacher, was reported killed. He lived some miles beyond Johnson's plantation, and it is supposed thc samo person who attacked Johnson niso assassinated him. Tho ex citement is intenso in the neighborhood, and the general belief is that tho curtain has not yet fallen on tho last, act of tho bloody drama. - A dispatch to tho Philadelphia Time? from Erie says that Colonel Rob't G. Ingorsoll broke down ut the funeral of his sister on Saturday, 15th ult,, and could not deliver the oration e/j c-< 'ed. In appearance ho has aged ten v cara in three weeks. - Coukling, it is now definitely repor ted from Albany, bas make no advances on Mentor. He has neither asked nor intimated a desire for a place in the Cab inet for any of his friends. Ho is willing, however, to let Postmaster James take the Postmaster-Generalship if ho feels BO "'disposed." - Gen. nowtrd is about to take com mand of tho military academy at West Point, and wo suppose will proceed at once to introduce his "social equality" I roforms nt that venerable institution of Mars. Howard wa? selected by Hayes^as a man capable of destroying "prejudice on account of color." It is to bo hoped that Howard will attend to bin legitimate business; for, if ho does not, ho will da stroy the usefulness of the school. - A Gorman correspondent of tho Pall-Mall Gazette writes that tho financial distress in Germany is very great. Sell ing prices and land renta are falling frightfully low. The result is that the debtors on mortgage cannot pay the in terest on their debts, and are dispossessed and their properties frequently sold at half tho value they had nomo timo ago. This depreciation cannot bo attributed to foreign competition, aa the importation of corn ana other products has been taxed. It is generally believed that the ?full in price?; ie dye to the scarcity of j ?tab. General New? Nummary. - Tho business indications at all the Floria faslyU U good. - Threo thumbs on ono hand is tho best a Columbia County, Kentucky, baby can do. - An Anderson County, Kcutucky, distiller pays annual freight bills of $15,000. - They serve new asparagus and green peas now at tho Jacksonville and other Florida hotels. - There ore only 15,000 real estate holders in New York city in a popula tion of 1,000,000. - Tho Rev. Henry Ward Beecher saya that ho has just declined an offer of $300, 000 to lecture for ono year. - Two thousand acres of Iand,'covered with fine timber, were sold in Lewis County, Ky., recently at $1 per aero. - Iron is rolled so thin at tho Pitts burg, Pa., iron milis that 10,000 shceta aro required to moke a single inch in thickness. - Mr. Fair, Senator elect for Nevada, represents as much properly in his own person ns all tho rest of tho Stato with its G2.2?? inhabitants. - Brewer Gunther, of Paolo, Kansas, has committed suicide because tho strin gent State law bas rendered his brewing establishment worthless. - Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas aro all importing large num bers of Merino sheep-more than for any season for ten years s.\st. - A circuit of three milca in New York is now lighted by electricity, and tho electric licht is fast superseding gas in many of tho large offices. - The Show University at Raleigh, N. C., ono of the Baptist ccuools for frcod mcn, has sent out more than 1,000 teach ers among tho colored people. - Thc most costly building in tho country, when completed, will be the Mormon templo at Salt Lake City, tho cost of which ia estimated at $27,000,000. - An Arab legend says the feet of pigeons are red because their ancestors walked in ihe red mud which settled upon the face of the earth after the de luge. - General Grout smokes ten cigars a dav, for which he pays twenty-two aud a half cents apiece. And the Nation ia asked to pension him because he ia co poor. - Tho trinket shops in Jacksouville aud St. Augustine, Florida, aro as eco nomical as thoso at Ningjira Valu. Tho nicest 25 cent sholl baskets can be bought at $2.50. - A Hancock and English banner, in tatters, still bangs from tho liberty-polo at Charlotta ville, Va. No ono will haul it down, and tho purpose is to let it float for four years. ' - Tho widow of President Polk is sc beloved and respected, that, by common consent of all parties, the interest on her little fortune in Tennesseo State bonds, nil she had, is exempted from repudia tion. - Build cotton imilla. Five million bales of unmanufactured cotton is worth to the South $225,000,000. Atkinson, ol Boston, saya don't manufacture it. We sav, spun into yarn this cotton is worth $450,000,000. - Crematory furnaces are now in ope ration at Zurich, in Switzerland, and al Breslau, Dresden and Gotha, in Germany Throughout Germany tho prejudic7 against disposing nf tho dead by burning is rapidly disappearing. - In Illinois a total abstinence Bocio ty of twenty members have adopted t novel method for keeping thomselve straight. Each member has deposite) $200, which is forfeited to thc rest ii caso ho breaks bia pledge. - .Tho friends or temperance in Peno sylvania are circulating petitions to th Legislature requesting that body to tak necessary preliminary steps to submit constitutional amendment similar to th ono recently adopted in Kansas. - It ia reported that Hon. Jami Whiting, cf Now York, and ex-Gov. I H, Chamberlain, of South Carolina, hav been engaged as cou'.sel for tho d?font in the Whittaker court martial. M Whiting is a life-long Democrat. - Judge Barret, of the Supreme Cou of New York, has granted an injunctic to Ilufis Hatch, restraining tho Wcstci Uuion, tho Atlantic and Pacific and tl American Union Telegraph Cumpanii from entering into any agreementof coi solidation, nnd from increasing their ca; ital stock. - A young couple of Fairfield, low who had been long engaged, became i volved in a lover's quarrel and parted : I ".ager. Tho sn mo night both of thc attempted suicido, nnd alike mado fai tires. Convinced that they could n live happily apart, a reconciliation'at hasty marriage took place tho very nc day. - Tho Baltimore Sun givea tho Prci dential voto for President aa follow Hancock, 4,432,978 ; Garfield, 4.430,35 Hancock's majority over Garfield, 2,6? Weaver, Grcenbacker, received 305,08 Dow, Prohibitionist, 9,644; acatteric 1,793. Total vote, 9,182,834. The S naya tho figures were obtained at t I proper sources in 'Washington and j State capitals. - About 10,000 bills have been inti duced in Congress this session. Arno them is a measure providing for tho pt mont of $5,000 tn one Cutta for n mat script of treatise on logic, written President Madison. Tbs bill apeeii that th? wnrt ?? to be printed for thc : of members of Congress. They coriaii need posting on logic, but tho_ peo should not bo requited io pay for tb schooling. - The syst'-, i of prepaying postage moana of small adhesive labels, to bo a to the public and received by tho pi office in evidonco of payment when tached tn letters or papers, was first 1 vocatcd by Rowland Hill, in 1837, i ? was adopted by the British postotfici 1840. Too stamps were first used ? 6 of that year, and were introduce*. 1847 into the United States. All ci ?zed nations havo them. - The recent opinion cf tho Aaaial Attorney-General for tho Poitoflice partim nt, by which invoice?; billi lading, circulara and the I ?ko ar? stric from tho Hat of third class mail mal is a decision of serious concom for business community. We believe i these ought all to be retained on the and further that tho written wc "Pleaso remit," or "Shipped via," i might to bo allowed on an invoico, that receiptc should como under the a head. Why not make everything t el isa matter that the sender ia willinj s=nd unsealed ? - Comparatively few person? k how the White Houso at Washiogtot ita name. It was ?Iven to il tweaus its color. Tho building ls construct freestone, and, after tho British bm tho interior io 1814, tho walla wer blackened that when it was rebuilt It found necessary to paint them. J since, at interval? of a fow year*, whole structure receives a fresh co whito paint. Tho cumbrous title of ecutiro Mansion was very natai dropped for the short and llterall' scriptive name of Whito House, and only figures in official docom?Ot? c?rrotTfmriwflW.