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THE NEW SOUTH. A Pall Interview With Senator Joseph e. Brown. New York Herald. Washington, January 14. I asked him what he thought was the first duty of-the South 1 "To get away from politics," he replied without hesitation, "and to give the time and attention of her people to practical matters. Of course, I do not mean that we should abandon any political princi? ples, but simply that we should not give sentimental abstractions the absorbing attention they have heretofore had. The South can make nothing by political ag? itation, while it can make a great deal by turning its attention to practical mat? ters. I think if we could have nothing to do with politics for the next eight or ten years it might be better for us. I am not afraid that the principles of Democ? racy will suffer from abeyance. Th? question of State rights, for. instance, will, I am satisfied, have the earnest sup? port of New England, as soon as the West and South have grown a little more poweiful. The Democratic party is based on essential principles and they will live without perpetual agitation. . "But the question of practical advance? ment," the senator went oq to say, "is a pressing one; - .We have vast resources, that'are but partially developed or en? tirely locked up. We want our rivers opened, so that pur timber and naval stores can be marketed, and we want our superb harbors improved, so that the ?reductions and commerce of our own t?te and half-dozen other States that seek these harbors can find an outlet. We want our people educated, their minds developed, and to these ends our Repre? sentatives . should work. The South is I prospering, but there are certain agen? cies of development that must be em? ployed tp hasten and make her full devel? opment." "You think, then, that the South has made progress, in the past few years 7" ^ "I am certain, of it. Any man who rides through our section cannot fail to note the advancement.' He will see bet? ter, fences, better stock, better houses, better bains, new factories, thriving cities that were to w ns a few years ago and towns that were villages. But the South is just now prepared for real development. Wje have just finished smoothing over the desolation of v ar, rehabilitating our farms aad paying our debts. The recuperation shown by the South is almost without parallel. Just look at her condition at the close of the war. She bad lost by one sweep of a pen about $2,000,000,000 worth of slave property, there having been freed about four million negroes worth $500 each. She had lost quite as much more by equipping and supporting her armies for four years, for everything was paid for in Confederate notes or bonds, which were valueless. She was made to con tri b utelargeiy to the support ol the armies of the North by seizure of her property wher? ever they needed it. She lostmillions of dollars, worth of property destroyed by both armies?as houses, stock, fences, &c. At the close of the war her people found themselves stripped of almost ev? erything except their lands, and much of that was sold for Federal taxes, their farms desolate, their homes dismantled the heads of families and firms dead the old, order of things subverted and the people heavily in debt. We were then not only given oar proportion of the national debt . to pay, but special taxes laid on our cot? ton and tobacco. These taxes were pure? ly and simply sectional, as cotton and tobacco are not raised North or West, and took millions from our people annu? ally. The cotton tax . was raised after several years, during which probably $40.000,000 was collected, but the tobac? co tax, collected almost entirely from the South, is still levied, and a large propor? tion of the whisky tax is also paid by us. Nothing but the courage and industry of our people and the enormous incomes received from their crops would have en? abled them to have recovered at all from those crushing losses and oppression!!, much less within a,single decade." getting bid of debt. I "Have you about finished paying up your debts and getting your affairs in shape ?" "Yes, sir; our people are almost out of debt. They have almost restocked and refitted their farms, they are using agri? cultural implements, have rebuilt their cities and towns and are now ready for progress and development. Tue immense incomes from cotton and other crops that have been for the past ten or twelve years de voted to rehabilitation and settling up old scores, will for the next tr? years, I seek new investment, and it is the high-1 est duty of statesmanship to encourage measures that will lead to a legitimate in? vestment of this money. With this done the South will in a few years be wealthy and independent, and this is the shortest road she can take to power and respect. Just take our cotton crop alone. In 1S65 it was 2,228,987 bales; in 1870 it was 4,352,317 bales; in 1879 it was 5,625,000, and the estimate for this year is 6,000,000. If this is correct?ana I suppose it will be?it shows that we have nearly trebled the crop in fifteen years, and have increased 1,700,000 bales in the last ten yean, and ought to realize nearly $300, 000,000 for this year's cotton crop alone. I do not claim that the South is alone in this progress. The whole country,, has done well. We have, in 1S79,2,434,884,5-11! bushels of grain against 1,628,027,600 in f 1870, an enormous increase in less than ten years. We have now 91,591 miles of railroad against 35,035 in 1865, and 52, 914 in 1870. This marvelous growth should admonish every statesman, North and South, that there is a higher duty upon us all than mere abstract politics; that we should address ourselves to prac? tical questions, and should engiueer with all prudence and intelligence the ouward rush of our country for the next decade." "What do you think the course of the South should bo?" "The first thing that the people of the South should do in a political wu_' is to con? vince the people of the North that they have accepted in perfect good faith the re? construction measures and the amend? ments to the Constitution, and will stand by them and carry them out in all that they legitimately imply. We can never hope to win a National victory until this is done. It was fear on the part of the capitalists and substantial men, of the North of the South'B sincerity Knd ap? prehensions created by a few Southern Bourbons that defeated us in the last election, and will defeat us until it is entirely removed. We have nothing to lose by being frauk and straightforward and everything to lose by agitation, prej? udice and passion. The course of her rep? resentatives should be to argue Jmatters quietly and without intemperance, to discourage all sectional feeling, to live on good terms with the representatives of all sections, and move in solid phalanx with them in anv movement that promises to aid our common country in working out its great de4iny." how to kill sectional hatred. 'Then, if I understand you, you think the South must execute the constitutional amendments in good faith before the /National Democracy can ran to power, What about the solid South ?" "I am very well satisfied that there is no chance for the success of the Demo? cratic party of the Union until wc of the South have convinced the poopie of the North-and West that we have accepted the constitutional amendments which are the results of the war, not only in plat? forms and on paper, but that we arc in prac? tice living up to them and carrying them out in good faith. When we bavo done this sectional hate will die, and the bloody shirt, which will no longer serve the pur? poses of tne party in power, will be bur? ied to be raised no more. Then it will be no longer in the power of a few im? prudent Bourbons in the South, who as? sume to he leaders, to defeat the Democ? racy and bring disaster upon us by their indiscreet utterances, nor will it longer be necessary for the Democracy of the South to cringe to the dictation of a few incom? petent Northern leaders. As there will then be no further cause for sectional Btrife, there will be as much reason why the Democracy shall subserve the best interests of the Sooth, as there will why the South shall subserve the interests of the Democracy of the Union. When sec? tional bate and strife no longer exist and we have one united country the reason for a solid South and a solid North will cease. Parties will then no longer exist on sectional issues or race lines, buttbey will be formed upon the great living practical issues of the day, such as tariffs, bank currency, etc. While this may not be better, for the class of politi? cians, who live by keeping sectional issues alive, I am sure it will be better for the South, better for the North, and better for the whole country. The great laboring classes of the South are tired of sectional strife. They want peace, they want a faithful execution of the laws; they want a full restoration of property: tbey want the Union of our fathers, upon the con? stitution as it is. With this restoration and the vast resources of the South prop? erly understood and appreciated by the men of menna, the substantial business men of the North and West, many of whom would then come South, there is no limit to the future prosperity and wealth of the South. It is destined to be the richest section of the Union,- because Providence has been more lavish of Bis gifts.there than in any other section. ; THE OLD AND NEW ERA. "All patriotic citizens now admit that the Union is to be perpetuated and the States by which it is formed indestructi? ble. And I think our past experience should by this time have convinced all sagacious men in the South that we can noror reach the full measure of our ma? terial prosperity nor attain the high ueatiny which awaits us until we have placed ourselves in accord with the other sections of the Union, and have dignified labor and secured legal rights to all. Under the slavery system we could not do this. Now there is no se? rious obstruction in the way, and the soon? er we do it the better. The destruction of slavery inaugurated a new era, and we must keep pace with the age or fall be? hind in the race. "In this connection permit me to say that a writer in the Herald, of the 25th ult., who states that I am now trying to im Jress the Senate of the United States that was a Union man, greatly misrepresents me. I have stated in the Senate distinct? ly and emphatically that I was an original Secessionist; that I believe I was right then, and believe now I was right then. But that the war settled that question against us of the South and wc now, in, good faith, acquiesce in the decision. Under the old era I am satis? fied that a State had the right to secede. I Under the new era and the constitutional amendments a State has no such right. The old South under the old era, maintained and practised slavery. The new South, under the new era, has consented -to the abolition of slavery, and that our former slaves are now citizens with every legal right of citizeuship. This change has swept away slave labor and has elevated and dignified free labor. It is now our duty to see that labor has its just reward, and that citizenship is protected in every legal right." NEGRO EDUCATION. "You have interested yourself con? siderably in pressing an educalioual bill?" "Yes, and I think that of the very first importance to our people. We have ac? cepted the enfranchisement of the negro in perfect good faith and are determined to protect him in. his every right. The platform on which I was elected was a free vote and a fair count. But we want these people educated so that they cau vote intelligently and honestly, and pre? vent them being defrauded. Georgia is doing her duty in this matter to the extent of her ability, but we cannot do all that is needed. New England has a heavy re? sponsibility at the this point. She brought the slaves front Africa and sold them to us. She and her allies freed them after we had bought them. She enfranchised them after they were freed. She will fall in the discharge of a solemn duty if she does not help to educate them. Knowl? edge will protect them as armies nor laws j nor anything else ever can, and, I will here add that I am very happy to see the interest manifested by the Northern Senators in this subject. In the debate in the Senate they showed a most liberal and just spirit." "I have seen iutimations that you would possibly be called to Garfield's Cabinet. Do you prefer thia to a leader? ship in the Senate?" "I do not anticipate the possibility of being called to the Cabinet, and see no reason why I should be. I can say very postively that under no circumstances would I leave the Senate to go into the Cabinet. I consider a senator's place in dignty and character next to that of President, and I have no higher mark for my ambition than the place I hold. I do not aspire to the responsibility of leadership in the Senate, and allusions to such a thing are distasteful to me. I am willing to follow any man or men who propose any? thing that I may be satisfied will work to the good of the country. I am ambitious only to help my section my country in its struggle for advancement and pros? perity." IMMIGRATION IN THE SOUTH. "With what reception will immigrants to the South meet in the future?" "A perfectly cordial and hearty one. It is useless to deny that just at the close of the war, when we were irritated over the loss of our cause, our sons and hus? bands and property, wr did not meet Northern settlers with the proper cor? diality. But I can say with equal frank? ness that that feeling has completely died out and now a Northern man is met just the same as a Southern man. There is literally no difference, except that a little more trouble may be taken with a North? ern man of good character to make him feel at home. The testimony of Northern men living in the South will show this to be true. There is no section of the coun? try in which such inducements are offf red to legitimate enterprise as in the South, and there is room for all that will come and a hearty welcome without the slightest (kmjer of cfltracisTD. Tiro Stale of Gwr> gift is an Empire within itself. It has more iron than Pennsylvania and inex? haustible beds of coal, and it is said by the State Geologist that it has more gold than California. The yield of gold bul | lion with our imperfect mining system is over one million dollars a year, and our iron ore and pig iron command a premi? um in the best markets. We lead the Southern States in cotton manufacturing and are adding from twenty to sixty thou? sand spindles a year. The factories are universally profitable, and I see from the report of the largest one that it Las paid 19S per cent, in dividends in eleven years, being about eighteen per cent, a year, besides having built a new mill from its surplus earnings. Every new mill started is a nucleus for others. In the northern part of our State clover and cotton li.p each other and grow in the same field ; in the middle portion wheat and cotton grow side by side. In South Georgia rice and cotton are raised on the same farms. We have unbounded forests of the finest timber, and an untouched wealth of naval stores. The mountains and valleys of Northeast Georgia offers every induce? ment for orchards and stock farms, and is just being penetrated with railroads. Added to these facts we have the liberal and progressive course taken by Georgia, the cordial temper of her people?making it the most in vicing- field for immigrants." climate, boil and products. "What part of Georgia, in your opin? ion, is the most inviting for immigrants ?" "That depends entirely upon the taste and pursuit of the immigrant. Theclimate is genial aud healthy, with every variety to suit the preferences of the immigrant, whatever may be his pursuit. If he de? sires to raise rice, sea island cotton and semi-tropical fruits, including the orauge, and have fish in abundance, or desire to engage in the culture of early vegeta? bles and fruits for Northern consumption, he can find suitable location upon her southern coasts or islands. If he desires to engage extensively in the lumber business there is no better field open to bim in the world. In connection with this, he can make turpentine and naval enterprise may justify. If he desires to raise cotton and produce the cereals nec? essary for his own use there is no better field than Middle and Southern Georgia. If ho desires to embark in sheep husban? dry or the raising of cattle he can do so with great success in all the wire grass section of the State, where they Winter themselves upon the spontaneous produc? tions of the earth. If he wishes to make sugar and syrup for his own use, aud even for market South Georgia affords him an ample field. If he wishes to cultivate clover and the other grasses, with corn, wheat, oats and cotton, the rich valleys of upper Georgia holds a most inviting prospect. If he wisbes to raise the apple and other fruits of the higher latitudes the high table and mountain land of Northeastern Georgia affords him and an ample field with liberal remuneration. If he wants to engage in the culture of Eotatoes and vegetables in common use e can find a suitable location in almost any part of the State. If he wants a healthy retreat in the heat of summer ho can find among the mountains of North? east Georgia localities where the buds 8carcely begin to swell before the first days of June, and where he will need fire in his room every night in the year. If he wants to engage in the manufacture of cotton, water power of the best kind abound without limir, and he will never be interrupted a day during the year by tho streams being frozen over with ice, or if he prefers the use of steam power, he can have that in the upper part of the State, near the coal mines, as cheap as as he can have it anywhere in the Union. And if his tastes or his training lead bim into the business of merchandising, At? lanta, Savannah and other ceutres of the State extend to him an inviting field and a cordial invitation. In a word, we offer to the immigrant of every calling or pur? suit a cordial welcome and an inviting field of operations, where industry, en? ergy and economy t-oon lead not only to competency, but to the accumulation and possession of large wealth. We want, iu a word, a large importation of Yankee capital aud an infusion of Yankee en? ergy, Yankee enterprise, Yankee educa tiou and Yankee business sense. They will not only find ample remuneration and reward there, will but greatly assist our own people and improve the wealth, property and society of the State." Some Famous Dresses.?In the spring of 1793, after tho execution of Louis XVI., which took place on Janu? ary 21,1793. aud wtis followed by that of Marie Antoinette on October 16th of the same year, it was decreed by order of the court that the furniture and all else that remained in the palace of the Tuileries was to Le sold. The sale lasted six months, and had it not been stopped would have lasted six months longer. At this sale Pierre de la Riviere of Normandy, Minister of Foreigu Affairs, purchased three dresses belonging to Queen Marie Antoinette. These became the property of his son, who removed to San Domingo, from which place he fled during the last insurrection to Philadel? phia. The three dresses purchased at this sale were blue, purple, and the present one, old gold color, all of them richly embroidered. They descended to his daughter, MHTe. Remie Mignot, of Charleston, S. C, the granddaughter of Pierre de la Riviere, who afterward mar? ried M. Rutjes, of Charleston. From her the gold-colored dress descended to one of her daughters, Miss Rutjes, now Mrs. Churchill, from whom it wax purchas? ed by Mme. Demorestin 1879. This inter? esting souvenir is pale yellow satin, the color mellowed by age to an old-gold tint, richly embroidered in bouquets and garlands of flowers in natural colors, which to a remarkable degree retain their original brilliancy. The genuineness of this dress is be? yond question, and can be fully substan? tiated. The blue dress became the properly of a daughter of Mme. Mignot, who married and removed to Holland, and was made into a suite of furniture now in the possession of her husband at Eind? hoven, Holland, near the frontier of Bel gin m. The purple dress, after having been in the possession of a sister of Mme. Mig? not, returned to her after her sister's death, and was burned in the great fire in Charleston in 1861.?Demorcst's Monthly Magazine. ? A novel means of raising money was made use of at a charitable fair just closed at Patterson. A handsome silver jewel casket was provided, to be awarded to the person guessing nearest to the number of beans contained in an odd shaped bottle, the guesses being ten cents apiece. Over four hundred persons tried their luck. The winner was a little girl who bought the last guess and who shut her eyes and took a number on which her pencil chanced to strike. The num? ber of beans was found to be 2,565, the very number the little girl had selected. The highest number guessed was 5,100 and the lowest) stores to any extent that hi; The Chinese Government. The government is an absolute mon? archy, though it isdespotical only within certain limits ; for while there is no writ? ten constitution confining the Emperor's powers within certain bounds, there are ancient customs and precedents?the example and practice of former Emperors ?a s<irt of unwritten constitution which he may not violate, without incurring the remonstrance of the censorate. And while he is a man of such power, being as he is the head of, and holding the power of life and death over, one fourth of the inhabitants of the globe, ho is really a mere figure-head. He is immured within the walls of the inner or Imperial city of Pekin, and knows only what his minis? ters and *the department of State allow him to see and know. In years gone by the Emperor sometimes went into the provinces and ?aw and hoard for himself the condition of his children, the people ?but now, and for many years, his min? isters and heads of departments of State, through whom all business is transacted, have convinced him that his royal person should not be thus exposed, and that his honor is loo sacred to come in contact with the multitude of officials, or even to receive communications from any, ex? cept from his high officials, and they should come through the departments of State to which the matter pertained to his high ministers. Thus these high and designing functionaries stand between the Emperor and the people, for as the governors of provinces are recommended and secured by some of these high dig? nitaries at court, who are richly rewarded for their influence and good offices in securing these appointments to office, no complaints of oppression or extortion in the provinces can reach the Emperor without their permission. Hence, bri? bery, corruption and extortion of the mo3t flagrant character abound, even among the ministers and heads of de? partments of the State at the fountain head of power. .ADMINISTRATION IN TUE PROVINCES. China proper Is divided into eighteen provinces. Each province is divided into Foos, or departments ; each department is divided into Tsiens, districts or counties. The administration in the provinces is through the governor, and his cabinet, consisting of a lieutenant-governor the military governor, the provincial treasur? er, and the chief justice of the province ?all of whom are Imperial officers. The governor, or in the case of some larger provinces, a viceroy, who is ap? pointed for three years, exercises well nigh full powers within the territory over which he presides, somewhat as a feudal prince. He is thus made the ruler of from fifteen to thirty-five millions of people. He is responsible to the Pekin government for the good order, the Im? perial revenue, and the defence of his province. With him the direct adminis? tration of the Pekin government ends. At this point he, by delegated authority, virtually administers the Imperial gov? ernment over the population of his prov ince. This is done through the Foos of departments, and Tsiens (magistrates) of districts or counties. These are the officers who govern the people directly. They are appointed by the Pekin government, upon the recom? mendation of the governor. The magis? trate of a Tsien is the real ruler of the people. It is with him they have to do. It is to him they are ameuable, and to no other. To him they pay their taxes on land, and it is before him that all cases of litigation are instituted in the fir.it in? stance. Any case of appeal from his de? cision is to the Foo (prefect of a depart? ment), who exercises jurisdiction over the magistrates of eight or ten Taicns. From the Foo, the appeal is to the prov? ince. In point of fact, however, the peo? ple very rarely appeal from thejudgment of the magistrate; not that they feel that justice has been done them, but they have been so unmercifully fleeced?"squeezed" we call it here?that they have hut little left; besides, they know that the officials back each other, and they are not inclined to put themselves in the power of another hungry pack. The governor delegates much of his administrative power to Tao tais., who have the surveillauce of three or more Foos and the magistrates under them, and they generally reside in one of the Foo cities. When a new governor takes up his position at the provincial city, the Taoiais, Foos, magistrates, and other civil and military officers of the province?the whole, with their thou? sands of subordinates, formiug the most stupendous bureaucracy that ever held a firm grasp upon a suffering people?are ex? pected, and in fact are in duty bound, to call at the provincial city, ostensibly to pay their respects, but really to "grease the wheels," and thus smoothe their own way, for none of them come empty-handed. They often take with them, ostensibly "to contribute towards defraying the heavy expenses of his excellency," more than double the amount of their legiti? mate annual salary, and they are expect ted to call more than once a year. In this way, the governor of a rich province receives, during his term of office, one or two millions of talcs (Chinese ounces of silver, $1 to $1.33). He knows perfectly well that the large amounts of money he receives from his subordinates, are "squeezed" out of the very people whom it is his duty to protect; for he has been a subordinate, and is familiar with what is due to one in a higher position and from whence it comes. But this is his harvest time, and this is a time-honored custom. He has paid out large sums of money in the shape of fees or presents to the high officials in Pekin in order to secure the appointment. And he has yet "to contribute still larger sums to? wards the expenses of the high function? aries in Pekin who were kind enough to assume the responsibility of becoming his security. (The responsibility was great for the revenue of the whole province passes through his hands, and I have never heard of an auditing committee of expert accountants.) Moreover, it is a universal custom, from the highest cabi? net officer to the lowest official in the provinces, for subordinates?if they wish to remain quietly in office?"to assist in defraying the expenses of their superiors," and for such voluntary actsofkindness to be accepted, and in time, rewarded. The potency of this practice among officials has been recognized in all the ramifications of society. No one who wishes to ask a favor of another ever comes empty-hand? ed. I often recii've small presents of fruits, jewels, &c. I know at the time that that man has a favor to ask, and my sus? picions, in the course of a few days, are always verified. It is true the Pekin government, as a means of securing the people againts ex? tortion by the local officials, send out high commissioners into all the provinces to take a general surveillance of all pro? vincial matters. This is their opportunity and they know how to profit, by it. Their expenses must be paid by the governors, and the local officials all know that the governor must be reimbursed ; and as they all know that they are guilty, and know not who may have charges laid against them, for which 1 hey may, to sny the least.suffi r political decapit.iti.n, they arc not slow in coming to h's aid, and thus secure his good offices wi h the high commissioner) in ?ho evuiv of charge* having been preferred against them by the literati of their district. Though many and grievous charges are brought to the notice of the high commissioner, he is not unmindful of the favors he has received at the hands of tho governor, who is personally responsible for all the acts of his subordinates, (for it is his duty to know all that transpires in his prov? ince,) ho is, therefore, disposed to act leniently towards the governor, and to overlook all except a few flagrant cases, who must be dealt with as a warning to others. It is agreed that the blow snail fall on A & B, who, it may be, are not as guilty aB many others, but they are, perhaps, obnoxious to the governor, and, a3 the high commissioner knows that they are all guilty, he has reasons for favoring the governor. They are accordingly charged before the commissioner and cash? iered, and some of the favorites of tho governor?among the many who have secured the requisite literary degrees, and who have not only been declared at Pe kin to be eligible for appointment, but who have more than once, iu a quiet and delicate way, reminded more than one governor that they are ready, waiting and anxious for appointment?are appoin? ted to fill the vacancies, which appoint? ments are in due time confirmed. Thus it is that money makes the wheels of government in China run smoothly. These Ibigh Imperial commissioners arm. ? enormous fortunes, and the Pekin gov? ernment are none the wiser iu regard to the real condition ot things in the prov? inces for having sent them forth. They squeeze the governors; the governors squeeze their subordinates, and their subordinates squeeze the oppressed people and there is no redress for them; for the Emperor is immured, and all communica? tions to thegovernment must pass through the governoi or commissioner to one of the six boards of Sl ate, who are interested in the success of a governor, &c. And if a Taotai should Bend a dispatch direct?as some of them maj'?the boards of State know how to dispose of it, and him too. But as a rule, the esprit dc corps is all that could be desired.?Rev. M. T. Yates, D. D., in Biblical Recorder. A Pigmy Republic. The Republic of Andorra ranks only second to Monaco among the small inde? pendent States of the world, and it very rarely enjoys the luxury of a popular revolution. It has several political fac? tions, however, and the more advanced of these thought that a gaming table would be a sure source of wealth to the Republic. The conservatives held that its character was more important than its wealth, and a bitter fight ensued. It seems that the independence of Andorra dates from the time Louis the Mild, son of Charlemagne, who, to reward its in? habitants for helping him to capture Urgel, granted them a Magna Charta, which is still preserved in their archives. According to this charta they were entitled to an autonomous government, and though after the death of his father and accession to the throne he made over part of his suzerain rights to the bishop of Urgel, he retained one-half of the tithes, which, up to a very recent date, were still kuowu as the "Carlovingian tax." Since that time the republic of Andorra has scarcely undergone a single chauge, and the only attempt to inter? vene iu its internal affairs was when Henry IV., then Count de Foix, forbade the establishment of the Inquisition there. If clericalism was in favor among the Andorraus 300 years ago, the ideas of their decendants have undergone a com? plete change, for in 1842 a popular revo? lution led to the abolition of the tithe and of all taxe3 for ecclesiastical purpo? ses. The republic is governed by a gen? eral council, composed of twenty-four councilors or consuls, twelve of whom retire by rotation every year. All pub? lic functions are gratuitous, and no one man can hold an official post unless he is a native of Andorra. The Syndic or Procurator General is appointed for life by the council, and the two viguiers, whose nomination is subject to the sanction of France and Spaiu, are coequal with the syndic in all that relates to the adminis? tration of justice. The viguers have com? mand of the armed force, which-consists of all the able-bodied men in the "val? leys and sovereignties of Andorra," as the little Republic styles itself in all State documents. Andorra, however, is to a great extent subject to Spain, for the Spanish gendarmes often pursue criminals within its limits, the real independence of the inhabitants consisting in their freedom from taxa? tion, the military conscription, and cus? toms dues. There are few more curious specta? cles than that which is to be witnessed at Andorra when its council meets. The twenty-four Councilors wear knee breeches of gray cloth, with a waistband and waistcoat of red wool, a black silk cravat, woolen stockings of alight blue shade, and shoes with silver buckles, a long mantle (balandron) of black cloth, lined with crimson, and a red cocked hat. The viguiers are arrayed in black velvet, and they alone, as dispensers of justice and commanders of the forces, are entitled to wear a sword. Andorra itself, with its narrow and tortuous streets, and its ill-built houses, is noth? ing better than a dilapidated village, but it contains a handsome church, and the building in which the Councilors meet, wi?\ the arms of Andorra and the .inscription "Dom us concilli, sedes justia?," is remarkable as being of the oldest places of architecture in Europe. Esquimaux Female Fashions.?We have had ample opportunity for a study of the natives and the country. The costumes are novel and pleasing. The women dress so nearly like the men that, at first glance, it is difficult to distinguish the sexes. Their small feet are encased in a pair of moccasins, the laggings of which reach a little above the knee. A pair of tight fitting seal-skin trunks come next iu the suit. The upper part of the body is clothed in the loose-fitting smock, which is pulled on over tho head and is devoid of buttons. A fur-lined hood is attached, aud can be drawn over the head or allowed to fall back on the shoulders at will. The dressing of the head is most remarkable. The hair is arranged in a monumental knot, which projects perpendicularly from the head, and is bound with colored ribbon or leather. The color of the ribbon de? notes the domestic standing of the wearer. Maidens wear white, emblem? atic of purity. On raarriago they don red. Widows use 6omber black.? Greenland Letter. ? Gov. Cornell lent Conkling all his appointees, including the canal and State* prison employes, to aid in the nomination of Thomas C. Platt for United States Senator. Platt had eight rooms at the Dclavan House, in Albany, for election? eering purposes, and the work was done according to the highest style of the art. Conkling's power seems undiminisbed. He did not appear on the scene himself, but he was at the end of the wires. Vice President Wheeler's friends worked hard for him, but their man had no show from ttre beginnin1^ Jeff. Davis' Hislory of the War. A Herald representative visited the publishing house of the Appletons on yesterday for the purpose of getting whatever was new concerning the forth? coming history of the late war by Mr. Jefferson Davis, now in the presses of that house. He found at a. desk in the front of the building Mr. J. C. Derby, who has more direct charge of the book, possibly, than any one connected with the firm. In response to au inquiry as to when the book would be out he re? plied : "Well, the Appletous do not like to make promises, hut I feel justified in saying that it will be ready inside of ninety days. I have now the proof sheets of half the first volume in my desk here. I have just received a letter from Judge Tenny, who was sent down by the house to assist Mr. Davis with the writ? ing, in which he says that he will forward inside often days from the date of writ? ing half the manuscript for the second volume, which is now ready, and is with? held simply that Mr. Davis may make a slight correction in one of the chapters. He adds that the printers may be put to work on it at once, as the last half of the second volume is about ready, and will be here before the printers will need it. He writes that everything is now ready for the pushing forward of the work, and that the manuscript, virtually prepared to the last chapter, will come forward at once." "When was the contract with Mr. Da? vis for this work closed ?" "About five years ago. M. Davis has proceeded in the preparation of this his? tory with the utmost deliberation. He has taken nothing for granted, but has examined into the smallest details and sifted the records. He was ambitious, too, to give the work such scope as to make it comprehensive as well as thor? ough. His labor has, therefore, been immense. Still, he would have been ready long ago if he had been provided with prompt and skillful writers who could have kept up with his dictation. He dictates slowly, deliberately, and will have no short-band writer. Since Judge Tenny was sent out to him nearly a year ago the work has gone right ahead." "Has the name of the book been agreed on yet?" "Yes. It will be called The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government. The name first determined on was 'The History of the Confederate war for Inde? pendence; Its Causes and Results.' You will see that title runs on the proof sheets here." "And by the way," he said, as he lean? ed forward to get the bundle of sheets from his drawer, "you are the first jour? nalist that has ever had a glimpse of these proofs. And it is a coincidence that this history and Brancrot't's his? tory of the 'Times of Washington, are being published simultaneously, and," holding up a batch of Bancroft's proofs, "that the title of the first chapter of Ban? croft's is headed 'The Confederacy,' meaning, cf course, the firat confedera? tion of the colonies. Ah! here are the Davis proofs." With this he held up a bundle of sheets, handsomely printed on heavy paper, in much the same style as, but clearer and heavier, than "Sherman's Memoirs." The "introduction" to the book was short, covering nearly the first page and half the next, and it could be seen in the glance that the reporter got that the dedication was contained in the introduction. The title of the book? which of course will be chauged on the present proof-sheets?runs across the top of every page. "In what shape and at what price will the book be published?" "It will be issued in two volumes, about the size of 'Appletons' Encyclo? pedia,' and will be sold for $5 a volnme. It will be sold entirely by subscription. There is already a large demand, one man in Missouri having already ordered 5,000 copies. While of course the heav? iest demand is from the South, we find a very large demand throughout the North, and shall bo disappointed if the 6ales do not reach 100,000 copies. The sales of'Steward's Journey Around the World' went up to that point, and the demand for this is as promising as that was. No expense has been spared to make this book worthy of the reputation it must have." "The terms upon which Mr. Davis writes the book are liberal ?" "It is sufficient to say that ho will re? ceive enough from the early sales to make him independent and easy for the rest of his life. But the chief reward that he will have will be the conscious? ness of having performed a duty that has weighed upon him ever since the failure of the cause that he represented. He de? termined shortly after the collapse of his government to devote the remainder of his life to the preparation of a full and comprehensive history of the struggle of the Southern people and the cause that led to it." "Have you seen him since the comple? tion of the work?" "Yes, I spent several days with him at Beauvoir last January, when his labor was mainly over. 1 never saw a man that so sincerely rejoiced in his work. He said that be'bad made a history that would stand all the tests of time and criticism, because it was true, and that he had put in permanent record a de? fense of his people that would command the verdict of posterity. He seemed to feel as a man who has had a sacred duty weighing upon him as a burden, and who bad at last honorably lifted it from his shoulders. He gave five years of almost unceasing labor to the work. Night and day during the most of that time he has been in the seclusion of Beauvoir, in his little Ptudy, careless of the bustle and worry of the outside world, at work at his self-appointed task." The first volume of the work is almost entirely taken up with a constitutional discussion ol the causes which led to the war. The latter half of this and the last volume treat ? of .the conduct of the war. Both volumes will be illustrated with the portraits of the prominent men who figured on the Confederate side.? The work isjdedicatcd to the widows and orphans of the men who died for the cause. The introduction affirms briefly .the confederate character of the Union and the necessity of separate sovereign? ties under general direction. ? General Garfield will travel to Washington in a special car. We are fradually gettiug to think more of our residents. Uutil within a few yenrs special cars were reserved exclusively for trotting horses. ? Miss Mary Lee, General Robert E. Lee's eldest daughter, visited the private gallery of the United States Senate the other day. She was attended by Sena? tors Ransom, Butler and Randolph and Representative Tucker. ? The London correspondent of the Manchester Guardian says the Jews of London have departed from the custom of their religion by ofTering prayers for the repose of the soul of George Eliot, although not of their own faith, in recog niiion of her services at the literary ctampion of their race. How the New Congress will be Organ? ized. Washington, January 25. Tho republicans have now abandoned all hope of securing the organization of the senate until 1S83, unless death should help them out. They look upon Ma hone as a democrat and have no antici? pation that Tennessee will choose a re? publican enatnr. If Senator Davis, of Illinois, could be assured of re-election, it is believed he would crawl clear over the fetice, and act with the republicans. This assurance, however, cannot bo had, because there is no probability that Illi? nois will have further use for him. The correspondent of the Philadelphia Press writes: "I sometimes think that while the east are dining and toasting each other, the keen, hard listed men of the west with? out any frills to their shirts, or half of them any ?loves to their hands, run away with the legislation. See how they carry oil'the high prizes! Even now they are wooing and beckoning to the speakcrship to come their way, and if Congressmen Frank Hiscock", of New York, dozen'l capture and hold it for the east I suppose it will cross tho line of the Allcghanics, never more to return. Pennsylvania, for her own honor's sake, must stand in solid with New York and New England in holding it back. Mr. Hiscock will make an eminently fit speaker. He has presence, voice, mag? netism. He is a champion among pro? tectionists. He has direction and fair? ness to adjust and balance the various interests upon the great and powerful committee of the house. He has the respect and good will even of his oppo? nents and a phenomenally successful record during his two terms' service. He will have at least 19 of the 21 repub? lican votes from his own delegation in the next congress, and I think the entire 21. New England is crystalizing around him in preference to Mr. Reed, of Maine, who aspires to the mantle of the succes? sion since Mr. Frye announced his retire? ment. Another significant fact is that the most intimate friends of General Garfield iu the Ohi d delegation are for Hiscock to a man, which indicates the drift of the Garfield mind. GarGeld i3 personally fond of Hiscock, but whether he would wish openly to take sides as be? tween him and his old comrade, Kasson, is problematical to me. To the best of my belief the men longest in the house lean a little toward Kasson for the old time sake, while the young blood, the men who came in with Hiscock two terms ago, or one term behind him?and they constitute three-fourths of the brain power of the house?are largely for the latter, partly from personal liking, partly from the fear that Kasson, who has been four years away from the house, will not discriminate intelligently as to the young men who have come into posi? tion and power in his absence. But there are 101 new men to take their seats at the opening of the next session? a large share of them republicans?and they arc X, the unknown quantity in this problem. They can be writteu to indefatigably by the friends of candi? dates, but the bulk of them do not care to commit themselves for or against a man till they have seen him. This is what makes the speakcrship question so per plexingly vague and uncertain. Who? ever gets it will-not be carried to the skies on flowery beds of ease.' There will be a fierce fight for the prize." Wholesale Shooting. *A private despatch received from Au? gusta, Ark., reports that a feud which originated five years ago between a num? ber of whites and negroes in what is known as White Church settlement, about nine miles north of the town, cul? minated last night in a series of startling assassinations. In the morning a row occurred at Sapp's store, resulting in the wounding of two negroes and three white men. During the night Alfred Wright, colored, who had been a participant in the row, was fired on while seated before the fire in his cabin. Grasping a revolv? er, he ran into the yard and discovered two men in the rear of the house. An exciting duel ensued, several shots being rapidly exchanged. Wright fell on the ground after firing twice, mortally wounded. The assassins escaped, disap? pearing in tho adjacent woods. Shortly after four negroes visited the house of a wealthy planter named Charles Johnson. He w is sitting by the fire reading a paper when they poured a volley into the room, aiming at him. Crying" "I am killed!" he fell on the floor, blood streaming from numerous wounds in various parts of his body. His wife's screams aroused the house? hold, and two men were sent for a doctor. As they were returning with the physi? cian, and when they had reached and were passing along a strip of bottom inter? spersed with rocks and trees, through which the road wound its course, a sudden attack was made on them by parties in ambush. Putting spurs to their horses they succeeded in escaping; but all were wounded and two mained for life, one man's hand and another's arm being hor? ribly mangled. Tho physican, Dr. E. Dale well known and highly respected, is thought to have been mortally wound? ed. George Fenn, a school teacher, was reported killed. He lived some miles beyond Johnson's plantation, and it is supposed the same person who attacked Johnson also assassinated him. The ex? citement is intense in the neighborhood, and the general belief is that the curtain has not yet fallen on the last, act of the bloody drama. ? A dispatch to the Philadelphia Time? from Erie says that Colonel Rob't G. Ingorsoll broke down at the funeral of his sister on Saturday, 15th ult., and could not deliver the oration expected. In appearance he has aged ten years iu three weeks. ? Conkling, it is now definitely repor? ted from Albany, has make no advances on Mentor. He has neither asked nor intimated a desire tor a place in the Cab? inet for any of his friends. He is willing, however, to let Postmaster James take the Postmaster-Generalship if he feels so ''disposed." ? Gen. Howard is about to take com? mand of the military academy at West Point, and wo suppose will proceed at once to introduce his "social equality" reforms at that venerable institution of Mars. Howard was selected by Haves as a man capable of destroying "prejudice on account of color." It is to be hoped that Howard will attend to his legitimate business ; for, if he does not, he will de? stroy the usefulness of the school. ? A German correspondent of the Pall'Mall Gazette writes that the financial distress in Germany is very great. Sell? ing prices and land rents are falling frightfully low. The result is that the debtors on mortgage cannot pay the in? terest on their debts, and are dispossessed and their properties frequently sold at half the value they had some time ago. This depreciation cannol be attributed to foreign competition, as the importation of corn and other products has been taxed. It is generally believed that the fall in prices is duo to the scarcity of cwh. (i'ciiernl News Summary. ? The business indications at all the Florida hotels is good. ? Three thumbs on one hand is tho best a Columbia County, Kentucky, baby can do. ? An Anderson County, Kentucky, distiller pays annual freight bills of $15,000. ? They serve new* asparagus and green peas now at the Jacksonville and other Florida hotels. ? There are only 15,000 real estate holders in New York city in a popula? tion of 1,000,000. ? The Rev. Henry Ward Beecber says that he has just declined an offer of $300, 000 to lecture for one year. ? Two thousand acres of land,*covered with fine timber, were sold in Lewis County, Ky., recently at $1 per acre. ? Iron is rolled so thin at the Pitts burg, Pa., iron mills that 10,000 sheets are required to make a single inch in thickness. ? Mr. Fair, Senator elect for Nevada, represents as much property in his own person as all the rest of the State with its 62.205 inhabitants. ? Brewer Gunther, of Paola, Kansas, has committed suicide because the strin? gent State law has rendered his brewing establishment worthless. ? Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas are all importing large num? bers of Merino sheep?more than for any 8ettSon for ten years past. ? A circuit of three miles in New York is now lighted by electricity, and the electric light is fast superseding gas in many of the large offices. ? The Shaw University at Raleigh, N. C, one of the Baptist schools for f'reed men, has sent out more than 1,000 teach? ers among the colored people. ? The most costly building in tho country, when completed, will be the Mormon temple at Salt Lake Citv, the cost of which is estimated at $27,000,000. ? An Arab legend says the feet of pigeons are red because their ancestors walked in the red mud which settled upon the face of the earth after the de? luge. ? General Grant smokes ten cigars a day, for which he pays twenty-two and a half cents apiece. And the Nation is asked to pension him because he is so poor. ? The trinket shops in Jacksonville and St. Augustine, Florida, are as eco? nomical as those at Niagara Falls. The nicest 25 cent shell baskets can be bought at $2.50. ? A Hancock and English banner, in tatters, still hangs from the liberty-pole at Charlottesville, "Va. No one will haul it down, and the purpose is to let it float for four years. ? The widow of President Polk is so beloved and respected, that, by common consent of all parties, the interest on her little fortune in Tennessee State bonds, all she had, is exempted from repudia? tion. ? Build cotton mills. Five million bales of unmanufactured cotton is worth to the South $225,000,000. Atkinson, of Boston, says don't manufacture it. We sav, spun into yarn this cotton is worth $450,000,000. ? Crematory furnaces arc now in ope? ration at Zurich, in Switzerland, and at. Breslau, Dresden and Gotha, in Germany. Throughout Germany the prejudico against disposing of the dead by burning is rapidly disappearing. ? In Illinois a total abstineuce socie? ty of twenty members have adopted a novel method for keeping themselves straight. Each member has deposited $200, which is forfeited to the rest in case he breaks his pledge. ? The friends of temperance in Penn? sylvania are c'irculatiug petitions to the Legislature requesting that body to take necessary preliminary steps to submit a constitutional amendment similar to the one recently adopted in Kansas. ? It is reported that Hon. James Whiting, of New York, and ex-Gov. D. H. Chamberlain, of South Carolina, have been engaged as counsel for the defence in the Whittaker court martial. Mr. Whiting is a life-long Democrat. ? Judge Barret, of the Supreme Court of New York, has granted an injunction to Rufus Hatch, restraining the Western Union, the Atlantic and Pacific and the American Union Telegraph Companies from entering into any agreement of con? solidation, and from increasing their cap? ital stock. ? A young couple of Fairfield, Iowa, who had been long engaged, became in? volved in a lover's quarrel and parted in anger. The same night both of them attempted suicide, and alike raado fail? ures. Convinced that they could not live happily apart, a reconciliation'and hasty marriage took place the very next day. ? The Baltimore Sun gives the Presi? dential vote for President as follows: Hancock, 4.432,978; Garfield, 4.430,327. Hancock's majority over Garfield, 2,651. Weaver, Green backer, received 305,088; Dow, Prohibitionist, 9.(344; scattering, I, 793. Total vote, 9,182,834. The Sun says the figures were obtained at tho proper sources in 'Washington and at State capitals. ? About 10,000 bills have been intro? duced in Congress this session. Among them is a measure providing for the pay? ment of $5,000 to oneCuttsfora manu? script of treatise on logic, written by President Madison. The bill specifies that the work is to be printed for the use of members of Congress. They certainly need posting on logic, but the people should not bo required to pay for their schooling. ? The system of prepaying postage by means of small adhesive labels, to bo sold to the public and received by tho post office in evidence of payment when at? tached to letters or papers, was first ad? vocated by Rowland Hill, in 1837, and ? was adopted by the British postoffice in 1840. Tne stamps were first used May 6 of that year, and were introduced in 1847 into the United States. All civil? ized nations have them. ? The recent opinion of the Assistant Attorney General for the Postoffice De? partment, by which invoices, bills of lading, circulars and the like are stricken from the list of third class mail matter, is a decision of serious concern for tho business community. We believe that these ought all to be retained on the list, and further that the written words, "Please remit," or "Shipped via." etc., ought to be allowed on an invoice, and that receipts should come under the same head. Why not make everything third class matter that the sender is willing to send unsealed ? ? Comparatively few persons know how the White House at Washington got its name. It was given to it because of its color. The building is constructed of freestone, and, after the British burned the interior in 1814, tho walls were so blackened that when it was rebuilt it was found necessary to paint them. Ever since, at intervals of a few years, the whole structure receives a fresh coat of white paint. The cumbrous title of Ex? ecutive Mansion was very naturally dropped for the short and literally de? scriptive name of White House, and now only figures in official documents and corTespoirtterce.