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Sherpard, Jr.?The Spanish Phosphates the Most Formidable Competitor that the Carolina Product has to Encounter. The lecture of Professor Charles. U. Shepard, Jr., on the phosphates of com? merce, before the Y. M. C. Association last evening, filled the lecture room of the Medical College to its utmost capac? ity, hundreds being unable to gain ad? mission into the ball. The lecturer spoke with great clearness and was lis? tened to with earnest attention. He said: At a time when the production of the various Carolina mines has reached two hundred thousand tons per annum, caus? ing the disbursement of over one million dollars in this neighborhood, and thereby bringing a comfortable support to many thousand individuals, beside: returning a large income to the State; when many men are considering the question whether they, too, will embark in the mining in? dustry, a:id thus yet swell the yearly product, it is obviously a wise course to consider what are the sources, other than our own, to which the civilized world looks for its phosphate supply, and how formidable they are or may become as competitors iu its markets. In estimating the value of any phos? phate, we may inquire, as our basis of comparison, with bow large a content of soluble phosphoric acid can a merchanta? ble superphosphate be prepared from it? For the sake of convenience we will con? sider the various commercial phosphates in the following order: Guano, Altered Guano, Fossil Bones Coprolites?Pbosphatic materials whose near origin is clearly animal. Phosphorite, Apatite? Pbosphatic Me terials whose near origin is mineral. . GUANO. It is. well for us to include guano in the above list, not' only because of its very considerable ' phosphatio coutent (say twenty to tairty per cent of phos? phates,) but also because of the serious competition which it must exert in the agricultural' world so long as its supply holds out. ..With regard to the quantity of.gnano still remaining at the dispo? sal of the-Peruviau Government (and al? most all real guano is, or rather was, Peru vian,) the statements are most con? tradictory. On the other hand, we have the assertion of thai igif^oraeut that they possess some >rtjr-fise Irr? ealities, containing more or-ieaetoxteDsive deposits of merchantabiegaauAV ,On-the other hand, the British xansul i\t Callao reported, in 1873, thai PtK?fi&n?t pos? sess three million ton* of exportable guano. This would last'at the "present rate of. shipment only a year or so longer. The complete exhaustion of the Chincha guano?the best of the Peruvian?and the. probable early consumption of the G'laoape?judging from the fact that cargoes of inferior guanos are being ex? ported from yet other Peruvian localities ?lead the public which has invested in Peruvian bonds, secured on the guano returns of the government, and those who depend on this article/or agricultural purposes, to infer that the enormous ex? cavation of these beds has almost exhaus? ted what at first sight appeared to be a boundless supply. Such at least is the belief among the English holders of Pe? ru viau bonds, and the manufacturers of commercial manure at home and abroad. Even the most hopeful look for? ward to the complete exhaustion of the Peruvian, and all similar beds, before the eud of this century. At the present time, it is doubtful if the annual impor? tations of nitrogenous guano into Europe and the United States exceeds ona hun? dred to one hundred and fifty thousand tons?r. mere oagtells when we remem? ber that it has almost; reached six hun? dred thousand tons for one year. The decline in quantity and quality of unal? tered (especially Peruvian) guano, steadily augments the demand for those manufactured manures which are de sigued to supply its place.. KOCK-GUANOS. Under rock-guanos we understand those rock formations consisting essenti? ally of phosphate of lime (or in a few in? stances of phosphates of magnesia and alumina and the oxide of irons) which are derived from original deposits of guanos, and owe their present form to various physical and chemical causes. Since the application of Liebig's method (of rendering boties soluble by the addi? tion of sulphuric: acid) to mineral phos? phates, the rock-guanos, have been sought after on account of their generally high percentage or phosphoric acid and the excellence of the super-phosphates manu? factured from them. In consequence of this demand the West India Islunds and other localities where such deposits are likely to be found have been carefully uiiu repeatedly searched. New beds of pbosphatic guanos have been discovered from time to time, but owing to the small quantities of available material that they usually contained, they have generally been soon exhausted, and thus have cea*ed to influence the market. At this day we seldom hear of any fresh and important discovery in the West Indies; and while it is not impossible that virgin deposits may yet be found and worked, such nevertheless.becomes yearly more improbable, as prospecting parties have hunted-through all the many islands, reefs and oasts of these unquestionably ancient guano regions. Whole islands have been, as it were, transported in ?Iiips across the seas, and the amount of pbosphatic guanos annually thrown on the European market was enormous so long as the deposits held out. With the exception of the New Curacoa there is at present no large pbosphatic deposits in the West Indies white quality trill permit of Us shipment across the ocean. COPROLITKS. Tho total annual yield of the various English coprolitic deposits is about twenty-five thousand tons. According to Prof. Albert Hunt's mineral statistics, thirty-five luousand tons of alt grades were ralicd in 1872; their value being fifty thousand pounds, or about s-sven dollars per ton. While the difficulty of excavating these deposits has been in? creased by the previous exhaustion of the more accessible beds and the higher cost of labor, foreign phosphates have been introduced in great quantity, and of nttich superior quality, so that the Eng? lish coprolites have long since lost the importance which (hey acquiied soon after first utilization. Of coprolites (using the term in its commercial signi iV.-ition) there are three important de p uits in Francp, viz: the BologneofCa \\*, the Ardennes and the Bellegarde Phosphatid modules have been found on the Northeastern coast of France, from Havre, to the Flemish border. They contain a large amount of sand and fre? quently of oxide of iron and alumina, so that they can be employed only in the manufacture of low-grade nrticies. Nev? ertheless they have been extensively i n ported into England. The so called Ar? dennes phosphates possess creater im? portance, us they tire largely ami sue cpssfully used in French agriculture, in the simple, finely ground powder. The actual cost of the ground phosphate is nbout ten dollars per ton, which leaves a very small margin for profit, as it is prin? cipally sold in Brittany at iourteen dol? lars. The annual production of these beds was estimated in 1872 at twenty five thousand tons, and has increased siuce theu very materially. The Belle garde phosphates may possibly exercise considerable local influence, but the low contentof phosphoric acid in the material found on the spot would prevent its wide shipment. PHOSPHORITES. The Russian phosphorite occurs gen- ? erally in the strata of the cretaceous for? mation ; it is also, however, found in those of the Jurassic, Tertiary, and even the Silurian. M. Yermoloff," who assis? ted Prof. Engelhardt in the recent geo? logical and economic survey of Russia, has stated: "We do not think that we exaggerate when we say that Central Russia reposes on phosphate of lime, with which she is able to pave the half of Europe." An examination into the commercial value of these deposits led to the conclusion that where the phosphate rock is accessible its quality is too poor to admit of its more than local utilization; while the richer nodules occurring, as they do, disseminated through a compact formation, cannot be mined profitably. Only one local attempt had been made to agriculturally utilize these vast de? posits, and that had proved a failure: The Bordeaux phosphates?as tho phosphorite obtained from the Depart? ments of Lot, Tarn-et-Garonne and Aveyron is commercially called?on the other hand, have played an important Sart in the English, markets. No new eposits have been discovered in these reg.0113 during the past six years not? withstanding continued and careful pros? pecting; and the general impression pre? vails that the better part, both in quality and quantity has already been sent to market. The production has reached 20, 000 tons per annum. The German phosphate, which occurs along the Lahn, is attributed to the con? centration in limited beds and pockets of the small content of phospate of lime found in the limestone of that region. The best average price paid for Lahn phosphate, on the spot, rarely exceed eight dollars per ton. The better quali? ties are shipped to England for the man? ufacture of superphosphates; the medi? um qualities are similarly used in Eng? land, and the poorest sorts are reduced to powder for direct application to the boil. SPANISH PHOSPHATES. The existence of beds of phosphate of lime in Spain has been long known, al? though it is only since a comparatively recent date that their true composition aud .value have been appreciated, and yet later that active mining.operations have been carried on at the different lo? cal! ties. Logrosan ' and] Caceres are the two principal localities for phosphates in Spain. There are several distinct veins of phosphorite at Logrosan. Tho rock is blasted; the larger pieces are cleaned by hand and hammer, and then assorted into high and low grades. The pieces of trimmed rock average three to four inches in diameter, v The shipment of this phosphate neces? sitates great trouble and expense. It is transported in heavy wagons, drawn by mules or oxen, and carrying two to two and a half tons to the load, to the railway at Vielanueva de la Serena. The carts make two trips a week and receive about twenty cents per hundred weight. The cost of transportation and handling until the phosphates is put on shipboard at Lisbon, amounts to almost ten dollars a ton, and the expenses reach fifteen dol? lars by the time the rock has been lan? ded in England. It is claimed that it brings twenty-five dollars per ton in the English market. A railway to Villan ueva would reduce the freight expenses materially, but would itself cost one million two hundred thousand dollars. This line, once constructed, would permit of the delivery of simply enormous quantities of this high-grade rock to the exclusion of a corresponding amount of the Carolina and other rocks of lower value. The officers at the mine stated their readiness to guarantee their pro? duct st seventy-five to eighty-five per cent, bone phosphate of lime, also their ability to raise and lay down their phos? phate beside the mine at less than three dollars per ton. This mine is apparently the only great competitor in the future which threatens seriously our local indus? try. Of the quantity and quality of the Lo? grosan phosphate, there can be no doubt; happily, however, such is the tardiness of. Spanish Courts, it may be long locked to commerce; and even then, so great is the disinclination of the capitalists to investments in the interior of Spain, it may be equally long before rail connec? tion with the coast is made. The Caceres Mines, on the other hand, are our present competitors in the En? glish market, and, as such, deserve spe? cial notice. From 1866, when mining operations began, to October. 1872, the principal company at Caceres had fur? nished about one hundred and twenty five thousand tons. They received from'$2 to $8.50, according to the quality, for the rock at the mines. The cost of transportation to Lisbon amounts to about eight dollars per ton. Chemical analysis of the rock gives from Sfty-three to eighty-six per cent, of bone phosphate of lime, with an average of about sixty to sixty-five per cent. The total recent production has been about twenty-five thousand tons annually. Most of the Spanish phosphate goes to England, whither thirty-three thousand tons were shipped in 1874. France also consumes a few thousand tons. The Spaniards moke no home use of their rock although their lands stand in sore need of such enrichment. The Spanish phosphates are very difficult to grind, out neverthele?? make good superphos? phates, which dry readily, and do not lose in soluble phosphoric acid, as they contain very little oxide of iron and alumina. DEPOSITS OF APATITE. Of the Canadian apatitic deposits little is known beyond the fact that they con? sist of pockets (or bunches) of high grade phosphate of lime, of crystalline struct? ure, imbedded in granite, gneiss and mica-slate. It is claimed that very con? siderable quantities of apatite exist in Canada; but possibly owing to their occurrence in widely separated pockets the cast of excavation and band-trim? ming from the accompanying rock and the great expense of transportation, not much of it is met with in the phnsphatic trade. The production heretofore has not certainly exceeded ten thousand tons annually, and possibly not much over five thousand. It is almost entirely consumed in New England and Great Britain. Last autumn very startling reports were spread as to the discovery of a true vein of apatite in Canadr-., and much nnxiety was entertained as to the effect on the price of South Carolina rock, bnt since then no corroboration has followed. Canadian appatite is difficult to grind, and in spite of its very hieb content (eighty per cent.) of phos? phate of lime, its conversion into su? perphosphates is attended with diflicul ty. A few years since a vein of apatite was discovered on the Southern coast of Norway, which has since then been worked by the Barr.ble Phosphate Com? pany and others on a considerable scale. The expense of preparing the rock for market by hand-trimming is great. The present annual production barely reaches a few tons. The extent of the deposit was estimated at seventy five thousand tons. The first quality of apatite con? tains eighty-five to ninety per cent, bone phosphate of lime, selling for thirty dollars per ton; the pointof shipment is some three and one half-miles distant, whither it is transported in small moun? tain wagons. CONCLUDING REMARKS. You will observe appended to the analysis of the various foreign phosphates on the table to which your attention has been called from time to time this even? ing, some results obtained on the rock from different localities in this State. If we confine our attention exclusive to th'e grade of the superphosphates manu? factured from this suite of samples ex? amined in this laboratory, you will note the following average: SUPERPHOSPHATES MANUFACTURED. Contain of Soluble From, Phosphoric Acid. Cambridge Coprolitcs.10 per cent. French Coprolitcs. 74 Bordeaux Phosphate. 5 to 15 German Phosphate.8 to 16 Spanish Phosphate.0 to 20 Navassa Phosphate.Ill South Carolina.10 to 151 Rio Grande Bone-Ash..14 While I have not hesitated to employ this criterion as the basis of ourpractical survey this evening, it would be certainly amiss to ignore another mode of com? parison which possesses a like interest and profit. You are aware that consid? erable use is made of phosphate rock simply ground to a fine powder, and ap? plied to the soil by itself, or in conjunc? tion with potash salts, burnt marl, stable manure or other fertilizing materials. Without entering upon a discussion of the merits of this procedure, I would call your attention to the following table, which gives the average results of a long series of examinations as to the solubili? ty of the different ground phosphates in a solvent which is supposed to approxi? mate in its effect to the action of the waters occurring in soils. Amount of phosphoric acid dissolved on treatment of the finely ground phos? phates from the following localities, with an nniform quantity of neutral-citrate-of ammonia solution, (spec grav. 1.09 :) Cambridge coprolites. 0.85 per cent. French coprolites. 0.G3 to 1.77 Bordeaux phosphate. 3.35 German phosphate.2.00 to 2.40 Mexillones guano. 4.0*9 Baza Island.-15.83 Eio Grande bone-ash.4.98 South Carolinaphospbate rock 2.21 to C.30 While it must bo admitted that this method of investigation as to the com? parative assimilability of the various phosphates leaves much to be desired, yet there is a co.isidci-able value to be attached to the wsults, conducted as they were in an uniform manner. At? tention is called to the fact that the South Carolina phosphates are, on the average, as readily attacked as the Mex? illones guano and the Rio Grande bone ash, and much more so thau the French and German phosphates, -which have been used for a long time? and, as is claimed by some successfully?in the simple pulverized condition as a means of supplying the requisite phosphatic pabulum to plants. The lateness of the hour precludes anything more than a brief summary of the commercial situation. Assuming that of the two hundred thousand tons of phosphate rock now raised from the va? rious South Carolina mines, one-third is consumed at home, and two-thirds are exported, chiefly to England, we see at once how seriously the price of our com? modity must be affected by any new or increased competition in the English market. At this moment the stagnation and auxiety in commercial operations on the other side of the Atlantic have unques? tionably depressed the price of phos? phates in general. It is to be expected that a reaction must come some time, and that the demand will once more become active. When that day shall, happily, have arrived, will there be room for a yet larger consumption of South Caroli? na rock ? My remarks this evening have been designed to put you in a position to answer this important question. The old beds?on which the English market relied?have either failed entirely or show evidence of early exhaustion, with the exception of the Spanish, more especially that of Logrosan, which looms up like a spectre. Is there any proba? bility of the discovery of a new deposit ? Lu-answer to this question, it must be remarked that the great variety of occur? rence, form and color, which mark phos Ehatic substances, are favorable to their aving been overlooked or neglected even in regions where considerable at? tention has been bestowed on the develop? ment of mineral wealth. For the sake of the State, of the com? munity, of us all who are here assembled, it is to be hoped that with an increasing demand for phosphates, no other bed may be discovered or give unexpected in? crease of yield, so that we may reap a long and rich harvest from our Bonanza. COMMERCIAL PHOSPHATES. The following is the comparative statement referred to by Professor Shep ard in his lecture: A?Percentage of phosphoric acid in the natural phosphate. B?Percentage of phosphoric acid in the superphosphates made from them. Localities. A. B. Rio Grand?Bone ash.39.84 13.08 "Mexillones?Guano.33.23 18.58 Phconix Islands?Rock guano...39.0S 17.18 8ombrero?Rock guano.37.51 16.90 Curacoa?Rock guano.32.52 15.80 Swan Island?Rock guano.- 13.83 Navassa?Rock guano.33.18 11.42 Elrogue?Rock guano.32.00 wet. Redonda?Rock guano.40.19 wet. Cambridgeshire?Coprolites.26.47 10.09 Cambridgeshire?Coprolites.25.95 10.02 Ardennes?Coprolites.20.71 7.60 Grand-pre?Coprolites.17.13 5.34 Varen nes?Coprolites.21.91 5.14 Bel legarde?Coprol i tes.23.37 8.36 Bordeaux?Phosphate..'W.(J4 14.98 Bordeaux?Phosphate.21.46 5.04 German?Phosphate (best).34.SS 16.61 German?Phosphat (inferior).17.56 8.08 Peine? Coprolites.14.33 5.82 Horde?Black band (phosphate) 19.48 1.40 Russia ? Government of Orel (phosphate).13.35 wet. Odcgaruen?Apatite.37.06 15.41 Spain?Phosphorite (best).38.05 11.04 Spain?Phosphorite (inferior)....20.15 0.30 Logrosan?Phosphorite (yellow)37.55 16.20 Logrosan?Phosphorite ("rosy)...42.17 18.1?) Zuriada flavor?Phosphorite.36.26 15.49 Caccres, Ab?ndanein Mine.27.00 13.62 Cucercs, Estrellu Mine (white)...29.09 14.72 Cacercs, Esnicraldo (rosy).37.38 15.94 Canada?Apatite.39.80 19.59 Carolina Phosphates. B. Cooper River?Land deposit.10.70 Ashley River?Land deposit.12.30 Ashley River?Land deposit. 0.08 Between Ashley and Rantowles?Land \ deposit.15.53 : Between Ashley and Rantowles?Land I deposit.11.17 I Wando River?River deposit.10.30 I Stono River?River deposit.12.54 1 Edisto River?Land deposit.11.70 Edisto River?Land deposit. 0.00 Ediato River?Land deposit.10.4.'5 Ashepoo River?Land deposit.12.51 Ashepoo River?Land deposit.14.55 Ashepoo River?Land deposit.11.67 Rull River?River deposit.12.73 CooSuW River?River deposit.14.10 Beaufort River?River deposit.10.14 THE COLORED EXODUS. Agitation or the Subject in tho Country. The mass meeting at the Cooper Union, New York City, on Wednesday, to ex? press sympathy with the colored people who are leaving Louisiana and Missis? sippi, to seek new homes in the West was large in numbers, the audience consist? ing almost entirely of colored people of both sexes. The featuies of the affair were the bitterness of what was said and the insignificance of what was done? only $234 having been collected. The following liberally savage resolutions were, however, adopted : "Whereas the colorhd people are leav? ing the South by thousands and are seek? ing new haunts in the West; whereas their innocent fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, wives and other relatives and friends have been stricken down in cold blood and their lifeless flesh been left as food for tho Southern turkey buzzard; whereas a tree has been made by brutal men a perpendicular delivery bed for an innocent pregnant wife and a mother to die on ; whereas the colored people have toiled without being compensated, and have been mercilessly robbed ; whereas extreme extortion has been the policy of those who have furnished them with the needs of life; whereas education has been denied them; whereas they have not been permitted to worship God in peace; whereas they have relied on the Federal arm at Washington, and it under the control of professed friends, and found no protection and have been made to live a life of peril; and, whereas, the colored refugees have horror stricken fears as to the state of things which will be true of the South, should the Federal army after 1880 be under the control of those who have afniliated with their op-? pressors; "We approve of their movement to such a new home in the West, and re? solve to do all iu our power to assist them, and do call upon every man, wo? man and child to extend to them a help? ing hand." Thurlow Weed and others of less note, black and white, spoke. Wendel Phil? lips and William Lioyd Garrison sent letters, the reading of which called out the most enthusiastic applause. Wen? dell Phillips wrote: "I am exceedingly sorry that I cannot be with you. My health is not such as to allow of it. I have no words to describe what I consider the importance of your meeting. Only two paths are open to the colored men of tho South : one is to resist, atid protect themselves against intolerable oppression by arms; the other is to leave, one-half of them, their homes, and teach their op? pressors justice by the severe lesson of suffering. Leave the tyrants and bullies to till their own soil or starve, while they do nothing but wrong and rob their laborers. Without laborers the Southern acres are worth nothing. Even a South? erner will come to his senses, or if he never had any senses, obtain some, when he is starved. I trust the North will, as in Kansas days, organize and help to open channels and contribute means for a large emigration from States ruled by thieves and cut-throats, who know no means of getting their bread except by robbing their neighbors." After regrets-at his inability to be present, William Lloyd Garrison wrote: "The spectacle of thousands of half naked, empty-handed, despairing men, women and children fleeing as for their lives from one part of the country to an? other, preferring to risk starvation and death by the way rather than remain where they naturally belong, is one cal? culated to move pitying Heaven and to awaken all that is sympathetic and gen? erous in the human breast. Their claims for immediate charitable relief are equal? ly just and imperative. In these South? ern States conspiracy and usurpation suc? cessfully bear sway. In all the late Rebel States there scarely exists a single legitimate State administration; for no election has been permitted without be? ing controlled more or less by fraud, in? timidation and lawlessness. It is clear that the battle of liberty and equal rights is to be fought over again, not in a party sense in the ordinary use of that term, but by the uprising and consolidating of a loyal, freedom-loving North, over? whelming in numbers, determined in purpose, invincible in action, and su? preme in patriotism, based upon impar? tial justice and an all-embracing citizen? ship. While therefore grave, exciting and relatively important as the present exodus of a few thousands of colored refugees from Mississippi and Louisiana may be, it is only an incident of the hour, demanding succor and aid in various forms, until they have time to seiett their dwelling-places. But what of the four million of colored people in the en? tire South? Their exilement is a ques? tion not to be seriously entertained for a moment, either as a desirable or possible event. The American government is but a mockery and deserves to be over? thrown, if they are to be left without protection as sheep in the midst of wolves. Let the edict go forth, trumpet tongued, that there shall be a speedy end put to all this bloody misrule ; and let the rallying cry be heard from the At? lantic to the Pacific coast: "Liberty and equal rights for each, for all, and forever, wherever the lot of man is cast, within our broad domains." The Last Armed Soldier.?A man who had the appearance of having just awakened from a sleep of twelve or fif? teen years, arrived in the city last week, on his way South. He claims to be a na? tive of Georgia, to have been a Confed , crate soldier in the late war, and since the close of hostilities to have lived in Massachusetts. His clothes were ragged in the extreme, and looked as though the pieces had hardly strength to hold to? gether. The stranger carried with him the musket that he had borne through the war, rusty and time worn, and on his back and side were strapped his knapsack and cartridge-box. He says he is the last armed soldier "of the Confederacy, and that he is now tramping from .Massachu? setts to his old home in Georgia, which he has not seen for many a year. Though his naked skin could be seen in many places through his ragged clothing, and his soiled beard reached down to his waist, the man?by his conversation? exhibits great intelligence He walked yesterday from Richmond to Petersburg, and left in the afternoon, after having re? ceived pecuniary assistance from several citizens, on his walk to Weldon.?Pctcn burg Inder. Of Any Value.?If the testimony of eminent chemists, and sagacious medical men, is of any value, Dr. Price's Cream Baking Powder is the most perfect made. These men of standing in their profes? sions, not only recommend its use, hut endorse it by using it in their own fami? lies. BUTLER ANSWERS BLAINE. The 'Judge Ragger-Hugger1 Under Dinctw* ?d<ui.?One Instance ?hon the Senator from Maine met ills Match. Thurtdaift D&nte from "the Iiecortl." Mr. Butler: Mr. President, I will make but one single remark in reply to the senator from Maine. South Carolina is quite able to take care of herself without any suggestions or reflections of that sen? ator ; and fortunately for us there is nothing to sustain the charge which he makes, except his own statements, and if they are not more correct than a great many others that he has made in this Chamber they will not go for very much. Now, Sir, I said that so far as Smalls and Cardozo were concerned, his friends, it was determined weeks ago, I think, that they should be pardoned. Mr. Blaine: Did the public know any? thing about it? Mr. Butlers I do not know that the public knew anything of it. Mr. Blaine: Docs the senator state that the public in any way knew any? thing about it? Mr. Butler: I do not know whether the public knew anything about it, and I do not care. Mr. Blaine: That is the very point of the whole thing. Mr. Butler: And I undertake to say that the cases against Mr. Chamberlain and against the others have not been dis? continued. Therefore the statement made by the senator is not true. Mr. Blaine: I only stated what was in the public prints. That was all. Mr. Butler: Precisely; but the senator gets up and makes these statements with? out regard to whether they are true or not, but so far as he is concerned he stands sponsor for them. As I said, fortunately for South Carolina, there is nothing to sustain the charge which he makes against her except his own un? supported statement. There has been no discontinuance of the prosecutions against those persons. I hope the time will come when they will all be discon? tinued, in the interest of peace. I have advised it for the last twelve months, and I shall continue to advise it; and if the senator denounces it as a bargain, let him denounce it. I think, Mr. Presi? dent, the people of South Carolina can take care of her interests and her honor just as well without the dictation of the honorable senator as with it; and yet he has been hurling again and again his anathemas against her, which, I submit, if he will pardon me for ss.ying so, is not becoming an American Senator. I un? derstand that Cardozo and Smalls have been pardoned, and I am glad they have been pardoned, but the cases against the others have not been discontinued. I think they all ought to be, and, if I am not very much misinformed, the honor? able senator had the same opinion twelve months ago. Mr. Blaine: They never ought to have been commenced. That is the opinion of "the honorable senator", if you want to hear it. Mr. Butler: Ah, Mr. President, they ought never to have been commenced, nor ought many of the prosecutions in the United States Courts ever to have been commenced. When the senator talks about a bargain having been made in regard to the Ellenton prisoners, and some dispatches sent from Washington by the Executive, does the honorable senator know that the Chief Justice of the United States was presiding at those trials? Would he make, a bargain? Does the honorable senator charge that upon him? Mr. Blaine: Does the honorable sena? tor from South Carolina know that the Chief Justice said it was impossible to procure a conviction ? Mr. Butler: No, sir. Mr. Blaine: He did say so, sir. Mr. Butler: I know nothing of the kind, Mr. President, but I do know this that there were trials of thirteen of those prisoners and a mistrial; and if any bar? gain was made, upon the head of the Chief Justice must the charge of the sen? ator fall, because he was there presiding in that court, and I know that twelve men tried aud a mistrial was the result of it. What may have been the opinion of the Chief Justice upon that subject I do not know, but perhaps the senator does. Mr. Blaine: This is a question of fact: it is a question of debate upon evidence gathered before a committee of the Sen? ate ; and I am not to be deterred from discussing that by the geutleman trying to arraign me for abusing South Caroli? na. I have said not one word about South Carolina nor about any officer of South Carolina other than that which is contained in the report of a special com? mittee of the Senate, and I do not propose to be dragged unnecessarily into any per? sonal iusues outside of that. I hold the senator to the record, I hold him to the testimony of a man for whose veracity he stands sponsor and voucher, aud I ask him not to answer me by stating any? thing in the shape of menace ; I ask him to answer a reputable citizen of his own State at the bar of the Senate. Mr. Butler: Mr. President, it certain? ly is not my habit, it never has been my habit to utter a meuace against anybody, much less against a senator ou this floor. I have uttered no menace against the honorable senator from Maine. If there has been any menacing in this debate, it has come from him. I understand the honorable senator to refer to certain dis? graceful transactions by the authorities of South Carolina, and now he rises and says that he has never arraigned that State. If that ia not an arraignment, I submit to the honorable senator he him? self does not understand the English lan? guage. Mr. Blaine: If the senator will permit me at that point, I stated to the honora? ble senator from Indiana that if the ar? rangement made between the two courts, State and Federal, was as he referred to and was as telegraphed to the papers, it was disgraceful alike to the Federal au? thorities and to the State. I do not limit my criticism to the State. I put what has been transmitted by telegraph to the public press, and on that the case is against both parties. Mr. Butler: But, Mr. President, the senator, without any qualification, until I called his attention to it, arraigned the State, and he has never until now ar? raigned the Federal authorities as hav? ing been guilty of disgraceful conduct. I am very glad that the senator has quali? fied his remark. If the had done that in the first instance this colloquy would not have been necessary. Mr. Blaine: I spoke of the judicial hugger-mugger, a word the honorable sen? ator from Indiana did not seem ever to have heard before, which meant a cover? ing up on both sides. I have made no remark which I have qualified; I have made none which I desire to qualify. If the honorable senator has misunderstood me that is his misfortune; it is certainly not my fault. Mr. Butler: That is true, sir. Now, in rcferenco to one other subject to which the honorable senator has referred, he says that he produced the testimony ol Mr. James 15. Campbell, for whose ve? racity and character I vouched. Docs the honorable senator not know, or docs lie know, that that gentleman was a de? feated candidate, nominated by the Re? publican Convention in the County of Charleston, running independent; and smarting, I have no doubt, under the de? feat which he received overwhelmingly, he lashed himself into a fury and went before that committee, and I do not be? lieve, in his cooler moments, he would repeat what he there stated. Mr. Blaine: It is very novel that a de- J fcated candidate for the senatorial office In a State cannot tell the truth under oath. Mr. Butler: I did not say that he could not tell the truth, and the senator shall not put words into my mouth; I said no such thing. I simply mentioned that fact by way of illustrating the ani? mus which actuated Mr. Campbell. As to these charges of bargaining by the State and Federal authorities, and as to the fact that Governor Simpson did not see fit to announce beforehand that he intended to pardon Cardozo and Smalls, I know nothing. I know nothing about the rea? son why the Governor did it; I suppose he had good and sufficient.reason. But as I said a while ago, I am'glad he did it; The cases in Charleston have been continued, and there is no court sit? ting in Columbia to continue the cases against the Republicans who were charg? ed; therefore the statement falls to the ground. Reported Exchange of Prisoners. It was recently intimated by Senator Blaine that there had been an agreement entered into between the Government of South Carolina and the Government of the United States for an exchange of prisoners. The party of the first part was to pardon Cardozo and Smalls and not press the prosecution of other noted Radicals, and the party of the second part was to discontinue proceedings against the Democrats for alleged politi? cal offenses. This view of the case was also taken by the Charleston correspon? dent of the New York Tribune, who tele? graphed that journal a few days ago that "in consequence of a satisfactory under? standing the vexatious prosecutions in State Courts of the Republicans, inclu? ding ex-Governor Chamberlain, would be Dually dropped, the District Attorney agreed to postpone further consideration of the election cases.'' The Washington Republican, however, indignantly denies that any such arrangement was made by the consent or connivance of the Attorney General. The truth of the Republican's denial may be admitted without affecting the accuracy of the intimation made by Senator Blaine and of the statement given to the [Tribune by its Charleston correspondent. Though the matter was one that came properly within the juris? diction of the Department of Justice, it is probable that Mr. Devens was not con? sulted. It has been rumored that the negotiations on the part of the National Administration were conducted by Mr. Evarts, the Secretary of State. If such a treaty was made we do not see how the authorities of South Carolina can be cen? sured for their share in the transaction. It is true that Smalls, Cardozo, Chamber? lain & Co. were not charged with politi? cal offenses but with a crime involving moral turpitude?parsonal dishonesty? and it is equally true that they richly de? served to be punished as common felons. But on the other hand a large number of the good citizens of the State had been arrested charged with the commission of political offenses. That they were wholly innocent would avail them little. They were to be tried by a Court organ? ized to convict. By applying the test oath to jurors the jury was to Be packed and a partisan Judge was to preside and by his rulings close every avenue of escape to the accused. Indeed, the test oath was applied, the jury was packed, the partisan rulings were made and two or three of the defendants were convicted before the time at which it is said the Judge and the District Attorney received light from Washington. But suddenly the Court discovered the defects of the indictments, the insufficiency of the evi? dence ; the District Attorney became loth to put the Government to the ex? pense of pushing the prosecutions, and, after four of the defendants had been ac? quitted, asked to have the cases against the others continued until November. There is good reason to believe that they never will be brought to trial again. It is better to have all the thieves of the Radical regime escape the punishment of their crimes than to have one innocent citizen sent to a Northern dungeon. It is bad that guilty men should go un whipped of justice, but is far worse for the innocent to suffer.?Augusta Chron? icle and Constitutionalist. Governments Last About Five Hundred Years.?The following is an extract from a late scrmou of the Rev. David Swing, of Chicago: As nations do not rise in a day, so in a day they cannot be overthrown. There are some singular records in history. It seems that a great nation cannot turn on its axis more than once in 400 or 500 years. Some of the old States lie outside the bounds of history ; but those inside these bounds show great uniformity in making the time of radical changes in dynasty. Egypt was under shepherd kings about 500 years. Her golden age, when she so flourished in art, spread over 300 years. The Hebrew republic ran from Moses to King David?500 years; and then came the empire to en? ter upon 500 or 900 years of success. The glory of Greek liberty covered about 500 years. Rome enjoyed all the splen? dor of a republic for the same strange pe? riod? 4S2 years. Thus, between Cincin natus, the farmer President, and the ?srthrow of the republic by Ciesar and Antony, there intervened the magical five centuries. Spain and France and Germany, formed out of new countries which followed the breaking up of the western empire, are now living well and happily in the 400th year of theirseparate lives. These statements arc sufficiently truthful at least to assure us that those great stars which we call "nations" can neither be placed ill the sky in a day nor in a day be blotted from the galaxy. Behold through what turmoils France has come ! The atheist and communist assailed her. Napoleon drained her of men and money by wars of ambition. Other revolutions came. Then came the usurpation of Napoleon, then the German war with defeat and a fine of $1,000,000, 000; and yet to to-day France comes out of those commotions a wiso and powerful republic. A Failure.?Any attempt to produce a perfume in this or any country that can surpass Dr. Price's Unique Perfumes, will prove a failure, for Dr. Price's per? fumes arc as fresh and sweet as the flow? ers from which they are made, and can? not be improved. Advantages Decided.?The advan? tages in the use of Dr. Price's Special Flavoring Extracts arc decided, as they are put up in bottles of full measure; made from the true fruits and aromatics, without poisonous oils or ethers, pure and true. ? The wickedest city in the world? Sinsiunali, QUICKENED CONSCIENCES. A .Scene in a Georgia Court Tlooin. A correspondent of the Nashville American repeats the following story which was told him by a Georgian who witnessed the scene described: Georgia has a stringent pistol law. The penalty is forfeiture of the pistol, and a fine of fifty dollars and, at the dis? cretion of the court, imprisonment for thirty days. A short time after this law went into efTect, Judge Lester was hold? ing court in one of the mountain coun? ties of North Georgia, and, right in the midst of the trial of a cause, he asked the attorneys to suspend a few moments, and told the Sheriff to lock the court house door and let no man pass out with? out permission from him. Then said the Judge in his firm, decided way: "Gen? tlemen, I saw a pistol on a man in this room a few moments ago, and I cannot reconcile it to my sense of duty as a peace officer to let such a violation of the law pass unnoticed. It may be that it is my duty to go before the grand jury and indict him, but if that man will walk up to this stand and lay his pistol and a fine of one dollar down here, I will let him off this time, otherwise I will go before the grand jury and testify against him." The Judge paused, and an attorney who was sitting down just before the stand got up, slipped his hand in his hip pocket, drew out a neat ivory-handled Smith & Wesson six-shooter, and laid SI down before the Judge. "This is all right," remarked the Judge, "but you are not the man that I saw with the pistol." At this another attorney sitting imme? diately in front of the Judge, got up and, drawing out a small Colt's revolver, laid it and a SI bill upon the stand. "This is right again," said the Judge, "but you are not the man I speak of." Thereupon a large man just outside of the bar walked around, ran his hand into his bosom, and, drawing out a huge old army pistol, laid it and $1 on the stand. "I declare," exclaimed the Judge, "if this don't beat all. You have done right, my friend, but you are not the man I saw with the pistol." This process went on until nineteen pistols and S19 were lying on the Judge's stand. Then there was a pause, and it appeared as if the crowd were pretty well disarmed; at least, if there were any more pistols in the house their owners did not seem disposed to give them up. "Gentlemen," resumed the Judge, "here are nineteen persons who have acted like men in this business, but the man that I saw with the pistol has not come up yet; and now," continued he, pulling out his watch and looking toward the far side of the court house, "I will give him one minute to accept my prop? osition, and if he does not do it in that time, I will point him out to the Sheriff and order him to take him into custody." Immediately two men from the back part of the house began to move toward the Judge's stand. Once they stopped f;nd looked at each other, and'then, com? ing slowly forward, laid down their pis? tols and their dollars. As they turned to leave, the Judge said: "This man with tho black whiskers is the one that I saw with the pistol." Then Judge Lester gave a short lecture upon the cowardly, foolish and wicked habit of carrying concealed weapons, and assured his audience that in the future the law would be strictly enforced. The court proceeded with its regular business, and it is needless to add that in that county the habit of carrying pistols was broken up. How and When African Slaves Were Imparted into tfcn United States. From the Boston Commonwealth. A friend of ours, in making some in? vestigations, was desirous of learning the best opiniou as to the number of African slaves imported into the United States, from whom our present colored popula? tion haye mostly descended, and wrote to Mr. Garrison for his judgment in the matter. He received in reply the fol? lowing letter: ROYBUBY, March 10,1879. Dear Sir?I should have answered your Jetter at an earlier date but for va? rious engagements. In regard to the number of slaves brought from Africa to this country I have never seen any re? cord, and it is not probable that any was ever made. At the time of the procla? mation of American Independence it was computed that 300,000 had been im? ported ; but during the Revolutionary struggle the traffic must have been very limited. On the adoption of the United States Constitution that traffic was legal? ized for a term of 20 years, and thence? forth was as regularly pursued as any other branch of commerce, and almost exclusively by New England ship-owners (Bristol and Newport, R. L, taking the lead,) the South furnishing a ready mar? ket for the victims. The invention of Whitney's cotton gin, in 1793, made the cultivation of cotton (up to that period of no account) the ab? sorbing interest of the planters, and gave a powerful impetus to the African slave trade, which continued to be actively prosecuted until the year 1808. when it was prohibited by an act of Congress, under specified penalties. The act, how? ever, was not enforced. In 1820 Con? gress made the trade piracy, and, thus branded, it was pursued with less daring, and a good deal curtailed, though but one ship-master was ever convicted and executed, I believe. But, up to the time of the Southern rebellion, African slave traders continued to smuggle their vic? tims into the extreme Southern ports; but the demand of the planter for fresh stock was largely met by Maryland and Virtrinia as slave-breeding States, and against the domestic traffic there was no law of the land. Doubtless, from the commencement to the end of the dreadful traffic, more than a million of kidnapped Africans were brought to these shores, to be followed by the most terrible judgments upon this guilty nation. Very truly yours, William Lloyd Garrison. As Orchard.?The man who plants an apple orchard does not expect to get any return of cousequence until it is ten or twelve years old ; but he plants for all. He knows that if he wants to sell his land before the trees bear fruit, the state? ment on the sale bills that the farm con? tains "an orchard of fruit trees just com? ing into bearing" will help the bidding wonderfully; and it will be the same with trees when once the exact position of the timber question is understood. A piece of woodland properly planted and well located will come into use before an apple orchard will; and a farm of a hun? dred acres which could advertise that it had live acres of young forest ten years old would bring far more than interest on cost. _ ? The man who walks twenty-four hours on a stretch is considered a hero, but no one seems to have a kind word for the baby that yells straight ahead for seventeen hours. It is one of those rare, good remedies which used once will be always kept in the house. Dr. Bull's Baltimore Pill? we refer to. Price 25 cents, LEGAL ADVERTISING.?Vit are compelled to requlro cash payments for advertising ordered by Executors, Administrators and other fiduciaries and herewith append the rates for the ordinary notices, which will only be inserted when the money comes with the order: Citations, two Insertions, - $3.0* Estate Notices, three insertions, - - 2.0? Final Settlements, five insertions - - 3.00 TO CORRESPONDENTS.?In order to receive attention, communications must be accompanied by the true name and address of the writer. Re? jected manuscripts will not be returned, unless the necessary stamps are furnished to repay the postage thereon. *9~ We are not responsible for the views and opinions of our correspondents. All communications should be addressed to "Ed? itors Intelligencer," and all checks, drafts, money orders, &c, should be made parable to the order of E. B. MURRAY A CO., Anderson, S. C. Andy Johnson at Lexington. Andrew Johnson, then a refugee at Camp Dick Robinson, near Danville, Ky., came to Lexington, Ky., in the sum? mer of 1861, to make a speech against the evils of secession. It had been an? nounced for days preceding that the speech would be made at the Opera House. The city was filled with tho cul? tivated and elite citizens of that unsur? passed country. John Morgan, the famous raider, was then organizing his regiment at Lexington. The secession spirit was wild with anticipated success of its cause. At the appointed time the Opera House was crowded almost to suffocation with ladies and gentlemen, with those clinging to the Union with unshaken affection, with those undecided where to cast their lot, with those filled with the idea of a new government and a new order of things. Mr. Johnson en? tered the hall from the front, accom? panied by a few friends, looking every inch a man. He was then in the prime of life and beauty of a well-developed manhood, like Paul of old, stood ready to offer up his life in defence of the faith and hope that posssessed him. As he entered the house a shout went up from friend and foe, for all saw at ouce in the man the wonderful power and magnetism which made him the pride of Tennessee and the acknowledged friend of the peo? ple. Threats had been ? made on the streets of the city that day by young rebel spirits that Mr. Johnson should not de? liver a Union speech on that occasion, others declared that he should?both sides were armed more or less. There was a dread in the minds of the more prudent on both sides that a "bloody drama" was imminent. Mr. Johnson saw at once the danger surrounding the situation, and with a masterly stroke, quickly quieted the surging, excited throng of people, with the following hap? py introduction: "I stand to-day a refu? gee from home, from my adopted State, in whose councils I bave stood as a tri? bune of the people, from my loved-wife and children, and have sought a tempo? rary home in the grand old State of Ken? tucky, in the historic city of Lexington, under the shadow of .that monument which stands in memoriam of the grand? est man the world ever saw! Kentucky was the fit home of a Clay, and Clay was the true representative of such a State. Monuments of marble are not necessary to perpetuate their glory. They are a part of the history of our common coun? try, arid will only be forgotten when we ?fellow-citizens?shall forget the glory of that country. I am here to speak in be? half of that country?one and insepara? ble?just as our forefathers made it?just as our Clay preserved it in the compro? mise measure of 1850, when he said : 'I may be asked, as I have been asked, when I am for the dissolution of this Union, I answer, never! never!! never!!!' So say I, my countrymen ! May I, Kentuckians, the friends, neigh? bors and constituents of such a man, give my reasons to-day why this Union should be preserved, why war, the last alterna? tive of civilization, should be avoided ? Shall I be heard for my cause, even by the brave and gallant men who are to? day putting on the harness of war under an excitement that it will yet make many homes desolate, make many hearts weep over stricken loved ones! Brave men are brave on 'all occasions; no more afraid of free speech than of free combat. Cowards suppress the one and flee from the other! Shall I be heard?" At this point Col. Tom Buford (who has just as? sassinated Judge Elliott at Frankfort, Ky.,) moved from his seat to the aisle facing the speaker, and said: "Go on Mr. Johnson; you shall be heard to-day in behalf of the Union. Kentuckians love a brave man, wherever found and under all circumstances."' Suffice it to say that the eloquence of the orator and the response of the auditor abated all uneasiness in the minds of the fair wo? men and brave men, ard the crowd lis? tened with eagerness to the plea of the great natural orator for more than two hours. Few such speeches have ever been made. It was enough Within him? self to have immortalized him. It was a grand plea for peace, harmony, home and country. Subsequent history has fully verified his brave words. '?? When he said: "lam done. God bles* Kafir tucky ! God bless our whole land,!"-? wild burst of applause was heard from that great mixed crowd of. Union men and secessionists. Andrew Johnson en? tered that hall a stranger and left it a hero.?T. T. Crittendcn, of Warrcnsburg, Mo. '_ A Question of Honor.?The Wash? ington (D. C.) Star published on the 29th ult. a card from Col. Wm. M. Lowe, representative from Alabama, contain? ing copies of three letters written by him that week to Senator Logan asking an explanation of the letters communicated to the Washington Republican of Mon? day, 21st ult. In that communication Gen. Logan said that certain statements alleged to bave been made by Col. Lowe with regard to Logan's raising troops in Illinois for the Confederate ser? vice were "false and slanderous." Col. Lowe substantially repeated what a cor? respondent of the Pittsburg Post under? stood him to say on the subject, and then asked Gen. Logan whether the words "false and slanderous" were meant to refer to him. Failing, he says, to elicit a reply to his first two letters he wrote him yes? terday as follows: "I have twice ad? dressed you a note calling your attention to this language, you have failed and re? fused to answer either of them, and you thereby force me to the last alternative. I therefore demand that you name some time and place out of this district where another communication will presently reach you. My friend Chas. Pelham, Esq., is authorized to act for me in the premises." Col. Lowe concludes his card as follows: "Thus ended this one-sided correspon? dence, which explains itself. It needs little or no comment from me. I will not brand John A. Logan as a liar, for he is a senator of the United States. I will not post him as a scoundrel and poltroon forthat would be in violation of the lo? cal statutes, but I do publish him as one who knows how to insult, but not bow to satisfy a gentleman, and I invoke upon him the judgment of the honorable men of the community." How to Smoke a Pipe.?To those who are attached to the pipe, it may be a matter of interest to know how their last puff or draueht may be as fresh as the first. Tt is well known that smokimr in the usual manner, the last portion o\ the tobacco becomes damp from the presence of oil or nicotine drawn from the heated tobacco above, which causes a sickening and nauseating effect, bitter to taste, and unpleasant and unhealthy as compared with the first half of a well filled pipe. A contemporary has found the following to be effectual in giving a good, fresh smoke from first to last. 1'lace a small quantity of tobacco in the bottom of the bowl, light it. and when well afire, fill the pipe, and before each draught, give a light puff outward i through the stem, which causes the to? bacco to burn upward, all below being I consumed. This is a sensible way of smoking the tirue-hoi|ored pipe.