University of South Carolina Libraries
BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSO A i, JUNE 27, 1878. VOL. XIII- NO. 60. "A.TAI OF SCTM?CBIPT10?:*~Of* DotXAa ?nd Firxr Cpn 'Mr annum, in ??vance. Two VoitlS \t end of yeer. 8?v*MTr*nvs Cr?xe far tis. mouth*. . , . , 3ib*crlptlous ?re not taken for s leis period tha\r?iaoVhAOVBBTISrifa.--Oa9 Doll?r per lirr-e ol une tocrf for tho first Insertion,and Fifty ??lit? D?r square forBubsoquont ini?rtions1esathaa t^ree mouths. No advertisement* counte lea* *hUh?ra1 contracts wll I bo made ?Ith those wUhlp* lo advertise for three, ?lxortwelve month?. t?> VnrililnR by contract uiuit be csnfined to the 'im. inellatebuslneraofthefirm or Individual eontnic ''ohituary Notices exceeding fire lines, Tributes of Respect, ?nd all pei?onal communications or mattera of Individual interest. Trill be charged for at advertising rates. Announcement* of marriage* ni iloatbs, and notices of a religious character, are respectfully solicited, and will bo inserted gratis THE AZOR AT SIERRA LEONE. Visit of a Dandy IJoetor-Tho Contract for a Tow io ??onrovia Wantonly UroKen by the Hall Steamer-VlalUrqr the Town No Need tlmro of tho XV th Amendment The Asor Safe at Monro via. from th . Clutrleston Nexos und Courier, MONROVIA, Sunday, Juue 2. My last letter, dated 8?6rra Leone, May 30, was abruptly concluded with the an nouncement that we were off for this place in tow of the steamer Ethiopia of tho British mail line between Liverpool aud tho west coast of Africa, After posting that somewhat voluminous doc ument. 1 hastened, in company with Capt. Holmes, to the landing, whence we discerned, to our astonishment and grief, the Ethiopia steaming away over the bar without the Azor, which lay anchored ai her place. We hurried aboard the bark, and signals were vainly made to recall tho steamer, which finally disap peared around tho cape. This desertion of us was not only a breach of commer cial contract and plighted word on tho Eart of Capt. Simmons of the Ethiopia, ut it was a piece of the most heartless cruelty. He bad distinctly made an' Hgreei??nt With Cspt. "o?rnos to tow thc Azor to Monrovia for $760, the latter promising to be ready by 10.45 a. m., at which timo the Ethiopia was steaming away nearly out of sight Capt. Sim mons perfectly knew our situation. He bad been informed of the opinion ex pressed by the physician-that should further delay occur in disembarking tho Azores passengers, a large number would certainly die. What hm motives were I do not know. I do know that he hos violated the rules held sacred by every merchant and sailor, not to speak of gentleman or man of honor. He is a disgrace to his company and his nation. His conduct was generally characterized in Sierra Leone aa "dirty." FORBIDDEN FRUIT. My last item of any importance was | on the 28th, the day of our arrival in Sierra Leone. Early next morning sev eral bumboats were about thc chip, most of them having plentiful stores of pine apples, bananas, oranges, mangoes, alli gator" pears' and cocoanut*, which their owners c|amoiou*ly. offered for sale, speaking^ like the. pilot, a jabber appa rently equally savoring of Fror ch and African English. One or two women were also on hand, vociferously solici ting orders for washing. The Azor peo ple clustered like bees on the rails, ana stared with open eyes on the visitors, aud with watering mouths on the fruit. Tb id latter, however, was rigidly excluded by the snip's officers. Wa had about 800 souls aboard, and had fruit been allowed as it was wanted, we should nave ,,od 800 severe stomach aches befor? night ' THE DANGER OF DELAY. About 8 o'clock on. this morning (29th) the colonial physician came out In the harbor-master's boat Ho (the physi cian) is an octoroon, with thewhitaduck suit, cork hat, canvas Bhoes, side whisker and vocal inflection of the average Eng lishman ic thesis parts. He waa a little afraid of us,T think, and kept Ino boat at a safe distance, asking questions as to the disease aboard, lia symptoms, &c, and entering the answers in a morocco notebook with a gold pencil. He was rowed by black oarsmen, and cpoko to them in a mauncr (bat showed plainly that universal social ?quality was by no means an accomplished fact there. Bye and by o tho doctor came aboard, looked at the patients, prescribed for them, and promised to sena medicines and disinfec tants. He confirmed our previous im pression that the sickness waa a mild form of Bhip fever, carnied by overcrowd ing, uncleanliness, Insufficient medicines nod inefficient medica? attendance. He ?;avo as his opinion that every day of de ay in getting the emigrants ashore in creasodthe danger of a violent and fatal outbreak. He was e?ked rhal the con sequence would be should the Asor sail and be delayed for ten days tonger. "From . fifty to Sixty deaths,-' w the ominous and significant answer. Thia proved tho wisdom of putting in, for the sickness alone, orrlttiog mention of the scarcity of food and water. GOINO ASHORE. As soon as the doctor had gone, Capt. Holmes and I went ashore, in a boat ftropel led by two black oarsmen attired n cotton shirts and' pantaloons and red skull caps. Car arrival at the land' seemed to create considerable excit^-si ont among the numerous loungers in that vicinity. We were immediately sur rounded by about twenty block men and women, tho former touching cops and the latter curtsying, and all offering to do all sorts of things-"for a considera tion." Right here I will get through With describing the style of dress that prevailed. THE LATEST AFRICAN FASHIONS. The dress'of the fishermen has been already spoken bf as generally consisting of a rag about tba lolna. Th* habili ments of the boa'wiuca and policemen have been also mentioned. The ordina ry laborero, portera, and longshoremen usually wear loose thin shirts and trow sers ; although they frequently have only ? the latter, And in oilier instances what resembles a long bag cut open at the ends with two holes cut ..v* for the arms. All ar* barefooted nut* most are barelegged beiow the knee. The almost invariable head covering * ?kuli cap of gaudy color. Clerk*, messengers, store and shop keepers, ana those belong ing to th?t class, ?sually rsar clc?,* of European cut and m~t*. of different colors and fashioning?, with shoes and hats, like anybody else. Then come the Mm.nirrian? HMJUIII in long pure white and flowing robes, not unlike an Episco pal mini??--'.-, fturplice, with sandals se emed k?Srcsi ibo instep with huge but tons, and tall brimless linen ur cloth caps. These are tho fellows who come in from the country, and sro "not at work to-day.". Their humbler brethren who are at work (a condition of life in which a Mussulman never is if he can possibly bolp himself) wear gowns of coarse bluo cottoj, generally dirty, but of Vt* same shape. Not only these foi Iowb/s'of the prophet, but many others of the colorea citizens of Biarra Leone have - suspended around their nocks IcaUter pouches, biu of stone, &c., cou taiolug channa. The dress of the women i* ts diverse os the men's. Sometimes they wear a single long, loose garment or thin cotton gathered in at tho waist Others have a gaudily colored robe wrapped nroui.d their waists and falling below their ankles, with a spare pieco hanging in front which ?hey pull over their bosoms when a strange man is ap proaching. Very frequently an infant ia bound np in the folds of this garment, feating quietly. behiud < and forming a ?uit?u. Tho mother r.twnys loon pro foundly uncon?ciuu.? of, and unconcern ed about, th?? burden, ti hi ch is invariably quiet Everybody, unluw cneaired in THE LABORING PEOPLE of both sexes are generally very erect, and walk with what in a whiu man would be a swagger, but in them, with their free limbs, is merely a graceful in dependence. The business men have the business man's usual ?toop, methodical walk and steady look, aud generally carry an umbrella and wear a broad hat. I think these natives aro usually very strong, and some of them are magnifi cently shaped, especially the women. The most beautiful and massive pair of fomalo shoulders 1 have ever aeon. I saw here. Their owner had a heavy load on her head, but walked under it as straight as an arrow, and tho shoulders just spo ken of were studies for an artist, hemp: straight, square, cleau cut and weil rounded-altogether perfect. Almost all thc overland transportation is done on bumau heads, there being only three horses in the entire colony. A woman will walk into town at a good pace from miles in the country, with a child swing ing at her back, and from thirty to sev enty pounds of produce ou her bead, carrying herself as well and showing as little fatigue as an average American or English woman would after a mile's unencumbered stroll. What tho men can carry I am afraid to say. I saw one start home with two huge iron pots bal - ._t.i, i_i_T;_i.: _ _ "1.1 - BUVCU UU UIO ucou, rr Gigi, lug, pFOOSDiy one hundred pounds, and he looked as if he hardly felt them. The laborers whom we met at the wharf boro two two-gallon demijohns of rum in each hand and an other On their heads. I sr.w no woman whose drees would forbid her appearance on the streets of on American city. The children to about eight years old weai very little-very often nothing at all, Now you have the people as they appeal on tho streets. LOOKS OP THE TOWN. From the large stone dock on wbicb we landed we walked probably half e block across a sort of court, on '.ne righi side of which was a largo brick vare house, in and about which demijohns aaa bales were being handled by a gang of blank men. Here we reached a flighi of broad steps rrusde cf heavy stone, ir the interstices of which grew grass ami weeds. On these steps we get up a shori hill and are fairly within the town, whicl does not differ much BO far OB I can sei from any small American seaport town Tho town, proper (Freetown) contain ftbout 8.6C? pojjulstloDi *D?3 ins coles'' of Sierra Leone extends some thirl; miles back of the coast, and contain between 80,000 and 40,000 people. Free town is built more along the foot of t in high hills than I thought, not runninj more ?.ban a third Of the distance u; them. The streets are of ordinary v?iikL being unpaved. The soil is common rei clay neaten hard by much treading, am the streets or reade are fringed on ead side by a broad border of grass precise! similar to our American grass and weed: THE HOUSES are generally one story, and built c wood, with roofs made of reeds or rashc plaited. From the front of each c these houses projects a wide roof, covei ing where the pavement shouid bo. Th fonce j are also familiar, being tho ordi nary slat ones, the alais being boards, c barrel staves. In the little gardem which are generally about sevenly-fiv feet square, grow snort stalks of con yams and a few other vegetables, and i most of them a cocoanut tree or tw towers up. At long intervals a moi pretentious building is reached, thei being several large two-story frame store tba upper story surroudedf with lattic work, a few brick stores, and probabl haifa dozen brick and wooden wan houses. A tin or tile roof ia occasional] Been. The town is well laid off inl streets, with English names painted i their corners. A short walk down sevi rai corners brings us to the place of bu iness of THE AMERICAN CONSUL, from which the "glorious gridiron" float Our guide bas been a blaci*. man pick? np from a boat, and on the way he su ceeds in engaging himself to wait on tl ship with his conveyance. We note < route that nearly overy man wo me touches his hat and says "goo mornin We see only One white man-a square built Englishman, in a cork hat and b shirt sleeves, smoking a large, pipe, ac standing under a tree, superintending gang ot laborers-who eyes UP aupo clliously as \? J pass. The Amena representative is a member of an En lish firm doing the largest business Sierra Leone. On the first floor of I establishment is tho retail store, a wi and deep apartment, stocked with brig prints, cotton, beads, hats, sandals, har ware, notions, clothing and guns. T latter are the old flintlock, long barrelli smooth bore musket. My idea is tb the man who fires one of them there gives proof of courage of a very hi| order. The store bas a counter, belli which stands the keeper, black-?be he clerk, black-the junior clerks, black porter, black-messenger, black. Ba of this etore is the warehouse, whi gangs of; laborers are at work. Up sta are tho office*?,- of which there la ft lat suite. Here are four white men, inc! ding proprietors, and several colored a black clerks, all working together. THE BUSINESS STREET. i There is Hula difficulty in getting < American notes cha'jf^d r>nd drafts cai I ed here, and we sally out to see the to I further. One of the junior salesmen aent along to take care of me and i umbrella. My guido is European dre ed, plodding, methodical and busin like. We go aronr? a few more corn and get into the business street, whicl lined on both sides with one story sb< with their broad porches in fiont. Un these porches aro grouped samples of I ?.area for nala within-bright prii painted china, clothing and so on-wh gives the boulevard an extremely knit ted and picturesque appearance. Put this street the people horetoforo desert 1 with baskets, calabashes and trays their heads, and you have Sierra Leo Like everybody else on the Acor, I 1 lost bead gear, and I went to buy a 1 None of tho shops are deeper than f or Ave feet, being more booths tl stores, and tho stock can easily be rca ed by the proprievor without ??is ha? to move around much. Tho old heatl to whom I was taker reached down old white article Hi od with cork, i chaped like the eos! scuttle In. a railr car after a collision. He wanted lo it for thirty-six shillings. After a li cyphering this came to &>. Tbs looked at the hat "Colored person," I asked, "suppof walked down King street in this fear ly and wonderfully constructed tile, 1 many hundred boya would Bing out me'shoot tho hat, betwech Line st and the Battery T" .He said ho would take 84 shillings, followed tu out, falling rapidly in ? to 28. Thia was a characteristic of S: Leone shopkeepers. They always chi about twice, what they will take. SnsJly got a\hat csp?blo of effecting most ?tartllnV efcfthge* la o?eV opp I nation of Bloody-Nose Bill the Aveuger, a stage-pirate, and Sir Walter Scott's Alsatian. Now you have the town and the people. NO LIONS IN FREETOWN. There aro no Hom* to look at in Free town. A regiment of soldiers is quar tered there. They.are blf.rs, and dress in zouave uniform. There is a maiket which looks like a section of Charleston Market sayre i off. There is a town hall which ia an ordinary villago court house. There aro barracks for the soldiers, and that's all. The police are all colored, all dressed in blue, red and pewter, all bavo clubs, and are very frequently barefooted. I did not see a flower in the town. The trees aro mostly cocoanut, the others being uon-fruii bearing. Some of them were very handsome, but nobody could tell roo what they were called. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Sierra Leone produces principally gin ger, hide", palm oil and peanuts. She raises a few'"nubbins" of corn for table consumption, rice, fruits, yams and plan .tains. Cocoanut? you all know, yams you all know, bananas you know ; alli gator pears are about the size of a large cucumber, soft inside, eaten with salt and pepper, and having a large stone. For a steady diet I would prefer mule meat to them. Mangoes are delightful, having an aromatic, spicy taste impossible to de scribe. The oranges are good. Pine apples sell at Freetown at a penny (two cents) each, cocoanuts about the same price, the pears ditto, mangoes at a hali genny, oranges at almost anything, aim wine is also sold here, but it tastes like hot water and bad molasses. i. SOUVENIR OF RICHMOND. We procured fruits, onions, "greens," spinach, eggs, fresh meat and water al reasonable pilces. The lpiter tasted more iiko the "Jeems River' fluid, ac dear to the hearts of Richmond (Va.] people, than anything I have seeu in t long time. The fresh meat comes frort small, but sleek looking and generali] fawn colored cattle, which are raised it thc country. It is excellent. I forgot by the way, to mention that cur ole friends, the goats and hogs, perambulate the streets quite freely, and were qnito ai independent and greedy as in America! towns. PENNILESS PASSENGERS. The captain of the Ethiopia was seei by Cant. Holmes on the cccaaion of thi first visit, and an arrangement waa mad with him to tow the Azor out the nex morning. When we got back nboan thia announcement was made knowe and it gave general satisfaction, as th steamer could tow us in thirty hours ove the distance it might have cost days c time and many lives for us to have sallee Capt. Holmes wished to make the ox penoe as light as possible for the Libe r?an Exodus Association, and he prc ceeded to attempt the raising of half th amount from tho passengers. I was ele< ted treasurer. The Ex od is ts raised CG in cash among them. For the first tim I got some idea of tho extent to wbic these people have been drowned to pus the scheme. Several of the steerage pai sengera started from Charleston with a< tuoJly not ons ??rit, Others had sun varying from $1 to $10. One told me "I gave the last $6 note I had, whe they told me the ship couldn't start wit! . out more money." Another, who can away without a dollar in his pocke holds claims for $1,200 against the Asst ciation. I don't think more than five < those aboard have over $50 in clear casi Tho mauagers knew this too I A DRAFT ON THE L. E. A. These- revelations induced Captai Holmes to refrain from further drawir upon the pittances remaining, and he d cid?d to draw on the Association for tl full amount of $750, and restore whi money had been paid in. Early on tl morning of tho 30th one ot tho sailo took it in his head to be stubborn, and half hour's delay and hard work was r quired to get him in irons. Then > rushed naliore,. where I finished ai mailed my last letter. Our bitter disa pointaient I have already told you of. A VAIN HOPE. AB the steamer disappeared, everybo looked almost ready to cry for vcxati and disappointment. My mortifient! and sorrow wero doubled, for a hope "Pills" Curtis being loft ashore h arisen, when v. e, hurrying to the chi caught sight of him on a distant corn making an ass of himself in the presen of a number of the natives, and a wei li around like a ridiculous old peaco without' any feathers. This hope w however, vain, as he .came aboard ?bc an hour after the time fixed for our < partum. There was some consolati when we went ashore, for there wo wi informel that tho Senegal and Bom }steamers) were duo on Saturday, 1 ormor homeward and the latter outwr bound, and that wc would certainly | towing from one of the two. KINDNESS OF GOVERNOR BOWS. With this we were of necessity sal fled, especially as the Governor (Gt crnor Bowe) had intimated very plan that if we attempted saiiin^ he would stitute a rigorous investigation into i number of passengers aboard the Ai and enforce the Eaglieh laws on the si l?c?T T?te eontieman was exceed in kind to us during our stay, lending own boats and breakers to facilitate < watering, and furnish! jg us large qu titles of medicines gratuitously. GOVERNMENT OF TUL COLONY. There is much information regard Sierra Leonb which was gleaned at < times and places, which l will have throw together in as much shape as j sible. First, because the easiest diapc of, comes the politics. The Colon; ruled by a Governor and council appo sd by the uritish Government. T are all white men, (or, aa they are ca them, "Europeans." Some of the p civil officers are colored, I believe, here we Bee a happy people ni troubled with elections, ana they seem tbe happier and better for it. - AN AFRICAN NEWSPAPER. They have a newspaper in Sierra one, the existence of which is spore The man who owns the press is etroi opposed to Governor Rowe's adminii tfon .and polioyM and. wants to mal rowe with him/on all occasions, while man who owns the type is a strong II man. Consequently. there is al wai rowe. When tho paper supports H the anti-Rowo man kicks up a rowe takes away his press, and when thc jrtunate sheet opposes Rowe there d-1 of a. rowe, and the Bowe mas I off his type. Then there ensues a pension until enough men, who wan see some "little thing" of theirs in p get together to hire the portion of outfit owned by the opposition. 1 the> sheet, which is about the sis.) pocket handkerchief, comes but, a< times giving fit? to ?owe, and somei to those who make the rovro with R There's1 politics and literature, common*day laborer earns a shilling (25 cents) per diem, a good clerk or shopman from ?3 to ?5 (flo to $25) per month, and all seem to live very comfortably and contentedly in their respective states of life.- The Mussulmans are the princi pal agriculturists, and, outside of the thirty miles of British possessions,' work their farms with slaves, eituer bought or inherited. Tho slavery is of a very light nature, ibo nearness to John Bull's lino making it easy .'or thc slave to run off if ill-treated. He ia, thereforo, generally exceedingly well cared for. TUE ORDINARY NEGRO. There is one point where the Sierra Leone negro far surpasses the American citizen ot African desewt. He washes i himself always once and generally twice I a day.- He generally lives on rice, pre ferring the native grain, which is par boiled before being beaten out, which process ruins its clear white, but renders it more nourishing and pleasant to eat .t___ J , AL;_T_ ir , l. - fc?JI tUVjl oUj UV, MU? i. uiliun bO. xt tua viiut nary negro is in your employ for five minutes or five years be always addresses and speaks of you as "masser," touches his cap when approaching you, and takes it off in your presence. )1 o makes a re spectful, ready, cleanly ani faithful ser . vantj works cheaply, and is delighted by a "tip," bowing almost to the ground, scraping, and grinnin0* fro rn aar tr? a%r when presented with six pence or a shil ling. He never calls you "boes" or speaks of you as "ole-." Yet ho knows his rights too. People can. and do, call him an infernal fool, a bloody idiot, a blasted son of n gun, and an "ouery cuss," and ha takes lt patiently, and good-naturedly. But they ore de Erived of the sweet consolation of calling im "a durn nigger." Tho latter is aa opprobrious term, and he will immedi ately havo you summoned before a mag istrate and fined from five to fifteen shillings. We *ere not very favorably impressed with the morals of this class, however, as the "drummers" at the wharves uffered chickens, ducks, cab bages and young women all in the same breath and with the came business-like air. "STRUCK: ABL OF A HEAP." So much for the lower classes, now for the other. An English gentleman, with whom I became acquainted, invited me to his house to dinner. He was a prom inent man, and ?hare.is. no doubt os to his businesB and social standing being of the.beetr -On going to his house, Twas "st?ucavall of a heap" by being intro duced to his son and daughter, both un mistakably colored. In the expressive language of Mrs. Gamp, "You might 'a knocked rae down with a feather," Blue Moses 1- Hero was I who had never, never, never, cat at meat with anything but pure Caucasian ; who had never called colored man or woman ' "Mr.," "M?BS" or "Mn.," (resorting oftentimes to ingenious devices to avoid doing so without giving offence, such aa asking a boy coming to the door "who lives here ?" in order that he should Bay "Mr. John* son," and I shouldn't have to.) I, whe had been -explaining to my host while on the way home, why, in my judgment, a social distinction between the racei was natural and proper ; hers ? was sud denly confronted'with this appalling pro blem. Of ?course there was only one thing to be done, and I went blindly and recklessly in and did it-that was pre tend that there, woe. nothing unusual, and that I didn't know white from otherwise, Sho did the honors of tho table vor; gracefully, and afterwards performed several airs On the piano with correct ness and taste. . I was so afraid she had noticed, my involuntary start at first, thal 1 assured uer with tears in my two e'en ib h her music was the sweetest I had *jver hflstdi A CONCERT BADLY MIXED. After dinner that night, (that was Fri day, June 1,) I went to a concert, magi? lantern and amateur theatrical perform ance in tho court house hall, "-.-ho roon was about thirty feet square and divider! by an ordinary'railing.' Outside of thii were rough benches. ' Here were th< shilling, half price seats. Inside thi railing the walls were decorated witl cocoa tree branches, and there wen chairs, which formed the two ehillinf seats, occupied by the elite. Against thi wail, opposite thc entrance door, was i stage, on which the sheet on rollers, user, for the magic lantern, was placed. Thi part of tho performance was over. Ii the centre ol tho stage sat Governo Rowe, on Iiis right a British officer ii uniform, &n cid, and a middle aged cc! .ored woman, and on. his left an octorooi girl and another young British officei Against tho wail on the left was anothe and smaller stage for the theatrical! The audience was of all colors, mostl; black, tbero being a slight sprinkling c English officers, one or two white civil .ians, tho curate and, in fact, everybodj Tho play waa a - farce - entitled, "Joh Dobbs," and the actors were all blacl the female parts hoing assumed by mei (shades of Manager Ottolengui 1) Whe tho farce, which waa a very perfect fare in every way, waa over, all went horn several of the 'colored 'damsels boin exerted by white men, wnilo others < tho latter race and gender stood aboi ^tbe doors Rafter the manner of enptj headed young mon in general,) unco" cring and bowing. A LITTLE SUPPER. I met there an American-a. Nc Yorker and a "Copperhead.^ who he been living five years in Sierra Leon and he carried me. off to a "little supper in a delightfully ecol upstairs roo somewhere, where a miniature founta! played from among green shrubs in tt centre of the table, and m ate roast foi and salmon, and drank claret from poroi clay utensils in company with tWo m< black as crows, one of whem address* my friend by his lost name. Th sri social equality, and nobody seems to fe or see any dr.c-ence. My Americi friend says "Yon soon get used toit ' '.?? fact is the colored people in Sier j aro so thoroughly Anglicized ev_.y respect that the English find I difficulty in forgetting their skins, ain't English. I learn that the color daughter Of my English friend is l?ader\. of th?; Freetown ton. lode? while I was in the house, the wife ol ' innjor m tue anny came in and p?'c sociable visit. . . . I 'i Hi: CO;.VKY.'.-.-'CXJ. I have not been ablVto see much the town which, they *.ay, iles beni! the bill, as it wa? too far to walk, a the only other conveyances .are wheel and sedan choirs, propelled or carried natives, which don't look either clean Elea&ant. The Governor bas a lai a ru tr nc VT, carried by a sro*!! company servants, in which ho can stow ninia and family, but he never offered to le it to me. The total number of wh peoplo in the Colony is about +O0. T thermometer usually ranges.between and 100. - OFF FOB MONROVIA.^ Thu Vs about nearly all I' know abc Sierra Leone, aa we started from tbero 3 o wl.-ck^ yesterday (Saturday) ?Yeoh an Wal ic Monrovia. The steamer marges tic ?210 for towing down. Th??, in common with the preceding letter, has been written in Inp upper berth of a narrow cabin, and wira ail the disadvantage* of sickness, the rolling and pitching of the vessel, and other dis comforts and inconveniences which were necessary consequences of our crowded condition and poor provision. "Inder such circumstances tho brain doea not work freely, nor is the hand cunning in transcribios. There is one comfort, however. The hand-writing of most of this is such as to give me assurance that it will avenge me of my adversary, the intelligent compositor, to whom I owo a grudge o? long standing. My next from Monrovia. A. B. WILLIAMS. A Talk with Inventor Kltchol About lila Nevr Balloon-Cannot Go Against tlie Wind. "11 ive overcome," said Mr. Bitchol, tho inventor of the new flying machine, "the fatal objection which has always been mado to the practicability of aerial navigation-that is, I have made a ma chine that can bo steered. I claim no moro. I have never pretended that a balloon could be made to go against the wind, and.I am sure it nov^r could. It isas ridiculous as a perp?tuai motion machine, and the latter will bo invented just as soon as tho former." It was oh just this point that tho re porter desired Mr. BJtchel to express his opinion, for an impression seemed gen erally to prevail that a balloon has been invented which con be made to navigate the air as successfully os a steamship sails the ocean. But the inventor, who is spending a lew days in the city on business rotating to bis new invention, is unxlous to disclaim any such pretension. What bid machine can be made to do is to rise or descend at the will of the nav igator, to sail with, and faster thar, a swift wind, to hold its own against a wind, moving at .the. rate of from four to six miles an hour, and to move slowly against a three mile breeze. Mr. Bitchef is a professional inventor, and bas taken out net.i'ly 100 patenta in this country as well as in France, England and Canada. His inventions have run mainly in the diroctiou of labor sering machinery, and from one patent he claims to have cleared tf?flOO:- "My principal invention/' he .trahi, "was a machine for borin?; holes in brushes and'cano seat chain, ana another for inlaying wood, which ls the only ma chino for that purpose in existence, but roy pet idea io tue flying machine." "When did the idea occur to you ?" "Well, I think it was some time in the year 1871. My attention was turned in that direction, and I've been thinking'it over ever since. About nine months ago I began working on the machine in Bridgeport, Conn. Tho Ant public ex hibition was at the centennial exhibition buildings, on the 10th of May. I ex hibited- tho flyer there for two weeks, and then another week ia the city of Philadelphia. But the Ant open air ex hibition was at Hartford, on the 12th of Jone. There were about ten thousand people there, and the weather was per fect. The machine went io any direc tion desired, and even came back against a slight wind. In Boston, on the 4th of July, the wind was blowing across the common at the rate of twenty-five or thirty milds an hour, arid I diu n't want to send the balloon up nt all ; but there were a hundred thousand people there and I didn't like to disappoint them. Bo I said to Mark Tuttle, tho navigator, "Now, Mark, get her up as quick as' a flash or you'll blow against the houses." Ho went up like a streak and only miss ed the trees by twenty feet. The wind took'him like a nash out of towu and be finally landed al Dover. The crowd stood there waiting for him to come back against tho wind and go up again, and we couldn't explain that that .was impossible. There were 200 refreshment booths aiong Iho sidewalks and around, and the "owners told every one the bal loon would be back in halt an hour. So the crowd stood there from 2 o'clock till 5 waiting for tho machine to come back. Tho map. got back about 5 on the train, and I was afraid to take the balloon up to the commons for fear a mob might de stroy it." "How do you propose ever to utilize tho invention ?" "In a hundred ways. As soon as I have perfected it and people come to un derstand it thoroughly it will come into -. TJ>_" - X_ i? _" ......... lura. JU?tu Mu Tr j. lu uau v.u. gv umuj applications for machines ; but a man couldn't uss one if he bsd U. This one is small ard intended only for exhibi tions, under cover. The weight of the sylinde'. ov balloon is 10 pounds, of the machino looper 48, and ??ark weighs 96, so the weight is 204 pounds. But I am ' going to mak-? a bigger one during the next six months that v.ill carry two heavy men. You see I don't have to carry any ballast or waste any gas, so I need only 8,200 cubio feet of gas. Now. the pro pelling fan is equal to 500 cubic feet of hydrogen in raising the balloon and to 85 pounds of ballast in lowering it. The thing is run entirely by hand and in nothing in size compared with all the others that hnvo been tried in this coun try and elsewhere. The propelling--that is, the raising and lowering fan-bi only twenty inches in ammeter ana makes 2,000 revolutions a minute. The steer-, ink fan ia two inches smaller and re volves 2,890 times a minute. The machine is propelled by turning a wheel by a handle, and is steered by. the foot resting on treadles, the naviga tai sitting astrldo ino machine. The advantage of this over all other balloons is that it can be made to fly swifter than the wind and to cross from aide to side of a current of air moving in any direc tion till*another current is reached mov ing toward another point. By rising or descending and moving in various di . rections a favorable current will inevita bly be reached, to bear the aeronaut on his proposed journey. When the big machine is made I propose to send it on atrip from New york to Chicago, to make the voyage in six hours. But this one is too email for extensive traveling. Where there is no wiud it will travel six or seven miles an hoar. It goes up a mile in a minute, and comes down in two minutes. I have never been in it myself, but when tho large one is finished I intend to take a .'ride. The machine will be used, I sm sure, in reaching the North Pole, and snips going to the polar regions- will hereafter probably carry, lu Fop military pur poses, too, it- would be very valuable. When I was making it people laughed' at me a good deal ; but so they did at Noah when be built the ark. Mr. Kitchel ls a Yankee, having been boro in Portland, Maine. He has also lived in Detroit, Chicago, Newark, and a few years ago bsd a factory in this city. But he holds that New England as "tho part of the csaaijy " When the weath er gets r little cooler he is coming to this elly to exhibit his high flying machine indoors and out. Several circuses, ho says, have announced it among their ex THE FLYING MACHINE. THE HERMIT'S LIFE AND DEATH. Aa Old Man Who Lived Like av WUd Honst la tb? Woods. From the Buffalo (JV*. J'.) Courier. The story of tho otraoge Ufo and ita cruel ending of Michael Daulter, the hermit of South Colton, St. Lawrence County, vii', bo read with interest. This singular mau was a native of Ireland, coming to his country very young. Thirty years ago he was engaged in tho capacity of hostler nt Clark's Hotel. Waddington, 8t. Lawrence County, and leaving there after (several years' service, he went to act in the same capacity at Raymondville, where he did not stay long. He waa always noted to he a sav ing and industrious man, an? courted aolicitudo habitually. Nothing is known of his career from tho timo ho left there, twenty years and moro ago, until he turned up, four vears ago inst April, at South Colton. *JLO appearance he was then about 45 years of age, aud spoke, which was but seldom, with an unmistak able "brogue." He engaged board at Armstrong's Hotel for six weeks, paying weekly in advance. He disappeared after this for two weeks, when ne re tained and boarded another weok at the hotel. Whilo he boarded at the hotel he sought seclusion and busied himself du ring the day in rambles in tho woods, gaining an accurato knowledge of all tho locations of tho country around; every spring, brook, crag and mound in tho locality was known to him. Upon leaving Armstrong's the last time ho began to live Ibo lifo of a her mit, upon a piece of woodland which he bought from M. D. Beckwith, situated two miles northeast of South Colton, on the section known as tho "Dead Creek Road." Daulter's manner of living here was not above that of a wild beaat. Hf erected a log hut, consisting of thrtM apartments connected by boles, facing t< the east The apartment, ten bi eight, Daulter lived in, It had no floor no windows, and ho cooked from a fin against the wall. The middle apartmen waa used to sleep In, the bed consistinj of husks and old straw thrown on tin ground ; and tho north apartment, tin foremost and best of all. be kept his GOV in. He had cleared about six acres o land around the camp and had inclosei it with a substantial fence, which mus have takes many months to erect. Ii front of his camp were a few rods squar evidently intended for potatoes. In th entlro clearing, under the most favorahl circumstances, it won id be impossible t raise bay. grain or vegetables to tho valu of five dollars. Here Daulter lived alom seeking the companionship of no om and nobody inquiring after pis. The last time he was seen alive was o Tuesday ibreuoon, April 80, standing i front of his Bhanty cutting potatoes fi planting. On the same afternoon tv, noys named Morgan passed the hut ac '.?joked in. They saw inside ono Pete Bresnaham, who slammed tho door i their faces. They told tho circumstam to *heir father on reaching home. Tl latter's curiosity being excited ho visit* Hit shanty tue next any. .t ho door wi Stiinuiug COCU ?.nd tu3 COW Wa? ?owii continuously. Entering ho found empty, and noticed that the floor I many places was dug up. The neighbo hood being alarmed, more than 101) pe plo turned out to search for the abse: man; thia was Wednesday. The Bean was continued until 1 o'clock Frid: afternoon without success. Tho remain toon after, wero discovered by a dog b longing to one of the party ; they we lying behind a log about thirty rods fro the shanty. The head was thrust und a log and covered with leaves end dh Thc feet boro marks of having been s tot upon to crush them out of sight ai vere covered with leaves and dirt. Ol band grasped some leaves, as ihouj they had been clutched in the agonies death. Peter Bresnaham having been seen the hut by tko Morgan boys, suspich at once fell upon him as the murderer Daulter. Investigation revealed that ? some days before he made several : tempts to borrow a gun from diff?re persons. He pretended that he want to shoot wood-chucks. He eventual secured an old flint musket from o Joseph Matthews. On the day of t killing, toward evening, he bought floi tobacco and tea. Ono Lindsay, of whe he purchased tho flour, kept the mom being induced to do BO on account of peculiarity. It was all in ten-cent nih pieces, five-cent nickies, and two-ce pieces, and looked dark-colored, though it had not been used for sci time. When asked where ho got i money, he could give no rational nccoi of it. When buying the flour he had his shoulder the same gun he had b rowed from Matthews. One man s Bresnaham as he was going to Daulte and another saw him as he was leavi Blood was found also on bio coat, pa and boots. Bresnaham is an Iiiah-Canadian, t came to reside at South Colton last Oe ber. He is shiftless, dissipated, povei stricken, and ragged. He has a wife f child ; the latter twelve years old. I winter he cut logs for one George V liamson. vho han some trouble with b It was noticed that about tho timo of _.._ILc S-? _l.J V.?- - On bis examination Te" accounted this by saying that ho had a fire in ft of his house on the Thursday even after Daulter was missed, and tho w blew the flames into his face and bc his whiskers, which necessitated ttimming them with shears. On be further pressed on examination ho sti that he hover knew Daulter nor h?ard that he was a singular man, or 1 he had money. But no had heard 1 he lived in a peculiar hut or camp. -'Last winter, when playing cards t the Hutcheson boys, some one remai that they would have to knock over li Daulter and get some money to put am innocent of this murder; never Daulter until I saw the corpse yestei aftcrnoop ; went down to tho Dead C Road and passed Daulter's Wcdnes the day after the murder; went to s man ; do not see that there are any i suspicions hanging over me in regai tho murder than attach to any other son in South Colton."' Tin younger boy Morgan ident Bresnaham aa the samo person he sa the hut, notwithstanding tho chang his whiskers. The prisoner has been taken to Cai and his case will como before the g jury at the next Oycr and Term* icr ? in June, but a trial cannot take [ beforo ntxt October. - The summer svery-day ault Madagascar gentleman costs only fi cen??, and twolvo Of those are laid on a cane. - A lisping doctor escriflced th, #yf . w?wj thin patient by.tolliog her a certain rood would make her "tn-thi Public sqn a res are. a great, blessir A NEW LEASE OF LIFE. Jctt David x Third Mesplto-Dlrlsion of Publlo Opinion. Cwrcs?K>ndence of Columbia Register. ABBEVILLE, fi. C., July 12. To-day had been set apart for the exo eutiou of Jeff. David, and every prepara tion waa made for the same, but his Ex cellency the Governor, wishing no doubt that ample time and every opportun'ty should be afforded for the development of any mitigating circumstances, again respited the condemned man-this time until the 23d proximo. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CRIME. Early on the evening of Thursday, De cember 20, 1877, near Simms' Cress Roads. Abbeville County, about 21 miles from this town, Mr. Geo. Franklin and his sister, Miss Drusilla, were foully and brutally murdered with a club. Thoy were both quite old, the former being uuuut Oy nuU lue ialvcr ou jr eui o ut agc, and tho old gentleman was ?lightly paralyzed. They were very quiet and respectable citizens, living almost entire ly to themselves, and it waa not known that thoy had an enemy in the world. So entirely free were thoy from suspect ing any danger, that, although they Kept considerable monoy in tho house, tl<?y never thought of locking their door ?it nightfall, or, indeed, at any time. Un the evening in question they sst down as usual to thoir tea, never dreaming for an instant that the assassin's hand waa so soon to launch their souls into eternity without the slightest note of warning. They bad hardly begun their frugal re past ere the fatal Blows were given. Evi dently, Mr. Franklin was killed by the first blow, as he had fallen upon the floor beside his chair. From spots of blood upon the floor it would appear that Miss Franklin was also otruck at the table, but lecovered sufficiently to run to an adjoining room, where she proba* bly received her fatal blow, falling di rectly ocrea: the bed. Their nearest neighbors wero a colored family named David, some of whom were raised and wcro well thought of by the old people. The bloody deed was first made known the next morning, when, as usual, the servant boy, a eon of David, about 12 years of age, went to carry fresh water and build a fire for the Franklins. On nearing the houso he observed that the door WP* wieta nruin, nor! naw M. Frank lin lying on the floor surrounded by a pool of blood. Horror-struck and with out entering the house, he fled to hi? home, some two hundred yards distant, and made known his diecoyery to his parents. They did not proceed to in vestigate the affair themselves, but im mediately notified their neighbors, end in a short while quite a number of them were collected in and around the house. Every one in the community was very much excited with the excoption of the David family, who went about their usual avocations, evidently as unconcerned as if nothing had happened. It was ken? orally known that the Franklins kepi their money in the house, and the object could only have been plunder and rob bery, as a trunk supposed to contain arti cles of value was found broken open and bureau drawers pulled ftout and ran? sscksd. How much was stolen will never be known, but it is a fact thai all was no*, taken, as various sums in green backs and gold and silver coin, amount ing in the aggregate to something ovei $1,000, were afterwards found lu dif ferent parts of the house by friends oj the family. A jury of inquest was sum? . mooed, and so strongly did suspicion at tach to Jeff. -David, Mary David his wife, John David their son and William lint ier, that they were immediately arrester] and lodged in jail to wait trial at th? April term of the Court of General Ses sions for Abbeville County. THE TRIAL, CONVICTION AND HENTENCE, On the 25th of April last the 'rial oj these parties waa begun before T. J, Mackey. A whole day. and more than half of a night were consumed in taking evidence, which was wholly circumstan tial, and heating arguments cf counsel when the jury retired to consider thc case. It was composed of nine white men and three colored. At the expira tion of about two hours they came int< court and gav?, u verdict of guilty as tc Jeff. Davin ?nd not guilty as to tho otho; parties. A motion was made for a nev trial, but it was overruled, and the."ad? sentenced the prisoner to be bung on th< 17th of May. ON THE O ALLOWS. On the above date, while standiuj upon the scaffold with his hands and fee EIntoned and tho black cap over hi ead, a respite until the 14th of Jun i was received from the Governor and tea I to him who a moment, later would hav been standing face to face with hi i Maker. The cap wa? then removed, hi hands and feet made free, and bo waa rc turned to his cell, mora dead tha? ?Uv? THE SECOND RESPITE Was received ten days before the oxeci tion was to take place. This gave hil until to-day to live, and the old nia seemed to hope that during this intervi something might transpire by which h sentence would be commulcd. But i this so far he has hoped in r?in. A THIRD RESPITE. ml_._L .L._AI. _ ... .rn .? ^M'W-ij*. ir?W ....... ii.?fl Ol.V. ?J VF. ?.& prisoners counsel the third respite (i stated in the beginning) was received c Tuesday last When this fact was mat known to him his spirits seemed to t vive somewhat, and he has been ino; cheerful over since. NO EXCITEMENT Had been manifested for the post fi days over the near approach of an ovei of such awful magnitude-at least not much as had generally been the case h fore the law abolishing public axacutio waa naeaed-r-and but a very small crov had been anticipated in the village. AN INTERVIEW WITH THE CONDEMN] MAN. Thinking that David .night deidre have something published to the wor] I .detrmined to visit him in hts ce Through the courtesy of Mr. Robs Jones, the polite jailer, I was naher into tho presence of the prisoner. I forming him that I represented the C u:_ r>_ -.j_iJ v _ _?. > ?..mum JKt/cciti, Kuu mirum UO SUKI print any statement he might wish make, he replied "Yea, sir." He is standing up at tho thno, but took 1 chair, phvoed it near the cell door, i down, and, with his eyes steadily fix upon raine, immediately began rather long but apparently' well nicd?cd thom, disconnected story, tho som and cn stance of whicb was that he knew n thing of tho matter until the day aft the deed was committed, had alwa been ?good man, a member of tho chun for some fifteen years, durinr his-who life of nearly 60 years ho hud loved ti ^Wtope<>pl0?nc?,lov<>?thviin o vori noi would have protected tha ??cd vtctim rr n vi TTVio Uto uva? uiviiu?, auaiu** .*.?.*? violence, and prayed ta <<od il LROAL ?DVXMrmsrO.'-Y/* a?oompesea to raaalra ?asb ?symesta for advertl-uSi? ?;??rei b? Exceatovs, Admln?t?*?oro ?cd ?tit? 'a?nelarlee. and bezewlth appead ta? rat?* for th? ordinary notices, whloh will only ba insert** eben Mt? mo ney com? ?I tb the nxiox i . lutto-w, ftwotaserUona, - - . - Est?t? ?ot*m, tore* lasertloBS, . . ?QO m OORIlM&POiwXNTa^-la order to reeefre* . uttenUon, eonununlCAtton? nut ta aoeotapaalod by tbe tra? state ?ad addreu of the writer; Be? jecied rouiuscripts wlil In ??tamed, unlws the necessary stamps are fiuxte A to repay tit? poet?? thereon. ?9* We are apt responsible for tb? views # sa opinions of our oormpoaeewtt. Alt communications should ba addia??', to"ltd Hors Intelligencer," and all check*, draft?, money ciders. A*., should be mads pay_4? ta the order of EL B. MUBBAT A CO., Audereoa,8.C. lite. He has a dara* brown complexion. His voice bas a (wang which is rather unpleasant to tho ear. His. eye is by no means good, yet, unlike many criminals, this he cab keep immovably fixed upon one while in conversation. . He has a kind of sanctimonious air about him which wop'.d -lead, one to suppose that lie bad folk *.ed preaching for a living. Although ho can neither read nor write, yet he ts possessed of moro Intelligence than common for ono of his race who has passed most of bis days on the farm. With the exception of bis eye, he ia rather a respectable looking negro, and from his appearance one woulct hardly think that ho would-take the life of his fellow man. He had, so far as I can learn, always borne a. fair, r?putation previous to the murder o* the Franklins.. WILLING AND PBEPABED TO DIE. In reply to a question if ho felt.that his sins were forgiven, ho replied in the v affirmative, and said he was perfectly willing to die, nut aid not want to be hung for the sins of others. Hobed but little hope, however, of escaping his ter rible doom, but felt ?bat when nia body returns to dust his soul will be received into the arms of bis Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. GOOD HEALTH . AND NO TROUBLING DBEAM8, .t ??--.! J_! Jl 1.1_A!._s_a ju/avm nam* uta opucuto wsw xuvu nuu he usually ate very heartily. His gen eral health was very rood, and he waa never troubloi at nlghtby bad dreams especially of the dead Franklins. PUBLIC OPINION Is much divided as to the innocence or guilt of tho condemned man. I have conversed with the people in several sec tions of tho country on tho subject, and find a few who believe ho is Innocent, tome who are undecided, others who think the evidence was hardly strong enough to convict him, while diera are still others, and a great majority,' who say he should be hung, ana that the Governor leans too far ??> the aide of mercy in ao often granting him a new lease of life, roaring that justice may yet be cheated of her own. W. B. MoD. A Talk T?ith Senator Patterson. * WASHINGTON, July 14. Senator Patterson, of Sonto. ?arnlina. * - has just returned from a two weeks' visit to the Camerons, cf Pennsylvania. The trip waa made without unnecessary noise, for it ia said that Governor Hartrauft, although again and again besought to do BO, would not premise not to surrender, * Patterson on a requisition from tho Gov ernor of Sooth Carolina. It was said during tho winter after Patterson's con valescence from his severe illness that ex Senator Simon Cameron had invited him to spend a few weeks with him in qui? tude and rest; that tho invitation wits accepted, bot that Patterson hesitated to make the ti'p, having heard that a re quisition woila bo issued for him to re turn to South Carolina to answer tho nix or eight indictments still pending there against him. While t?*/; Senator remains in Washington ho cannot bs disturbed; being constructively in attendance upon Congress, during which he is protected from arrest nuder a decision made by tho Court here last winter. I met Senator Patterton on the street corner yesterday. He was waiting for a car. I accosted him with: "How are you, senator? Where have you bein so long?" "O. I've been up in Pennsylvania, vis iting the Camerons. Bad . a splendid time." "How long wore you gone?" "A little over two weeks. I was at the old man's farm at Donegal, and also at Lochiel." "How ia the old senator?" .'O, he's as gay aa a rooster. Never iaw him looking better. His he .JUl ia Brat-rate. He ls very happy, and.uamii-: tho Administration like the rest bf u?." .'Does Don damn it. tooY" "Oy yes, he never has liked it. you know. I tell yon. this crowd up in tho White House hasn't got any friends any where. I didn't find any in Pennsyl vania." "Well Senator, how is the political situation in Pennsylvania?" I asked. "The Republicans say tho/ will carry tho State, and I am disposed to think they will. Tba Democrat?, however, say they will carry it. Tho Republicana will make a big fight" ? "What nie D?S'O vbancc?' fo? ?w-c??c lion?" , tmi_,_? T. .. .11,_. i_ ;_ XU VJ aiK> roi jr i?uou. lb nmwij. unil a heap of money, though." "How is that r "Oh 1 these Nationals as raising thun der up there. But thon Don can get thom even if any of them do get into the Legislature." ^How?" "Well, I don't care to talk about, it: but you know such a movement is likely to send a . certain kind of people to tho surface, and in a ?argo movement like this a few of a certain kind will get into the Legislature. The Nationale don't scare Don any. But his election will Srobably coat him a good deal of money, lathe don't mind it By thunder, there goes roy car ? Good by/' - Let the American people proclaim as their resolves : First-That they will havo free elections in all tho States, un disturbed and unawed by Federal inter ference, civil or military. Second--The verdict of the people rendrad at the polls abai! be faithfully recorded and shall be accepted and obeyed. Third Tba* tho mener the partywhojihall stand in the wry of these resolves shall be withered \y the wrath of an honest people who fcjvo civil liberty as enshrined in republican insulations ana intend to preservo it for themselves and their posterity.-Senator Bayard oj Delaware, -- The greatest ?hitare of tho year ls the new silver dollar. The coinage prog resses at the tate? of two million a mouth, with a total product thus far of $0,000,000, noarly all of which ls still piled np in ' the Treasury vaults at Washington and New York. The present anxiety of tho ?fmihoritltss. finding that thia burtfenscmo. coin can not be forced Into circaladon.ls lo > ?. have !\ safely warehoused. To that end ! v ? w^?, burglar proof, willi ?a?!?!!ie lining, inside, and ?il Jest high, Io , brin? built at New Yoxir, in.whi< "store" the productions of theMiftt j,; - "What wo want ia wm: it," said tba tramp. ."^^^HH york rq ^kitg'iftbjr-ate^ nuo?sCT-"bfi?:r cchoonsrs.