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* * 31 . ' 31 YORKVILIE ENQUIHER. ISSUED SBMl-WEERLT. l m GitisT's sons, pobiisben. J ^ ^amilg jleaspapEr: J'or (hi; promotion of the political, ?j>cial, ^grieultural and (fommerml .interests of the people. | TER *!^^?Kf6J1RBNc"1^ANce VORK- s. a. FRIDAY. JAKUAEY 17, 1919~ 2STO. ft ESTABLISHED ISoo RESULTS OF WORLD WAR Victory o! Allies Makes A Democratic Europe. VIEW OF GREAT ITALIAN STATESMAN Signor Ferrero Says That the Idea o> the Divine Right of Kings is Gone C ."J Cr?m NflW on th.l rwiwv?i ?mw ?... ..... sideration of the More Powerful. Weaker Nations Will Have the Con | In an article in the Secolo, of Rom.j t Signor Gugllelmo Ferrero philosophiz- ] ea in the manner In which his readers > have learned to expect from this very j thoughtful historian on the results at-1 tained by the war. '"The world war," ? he says, "has lasted much longer than 1 even those who cherished the fewest, Illusions anticipated; but, as a compen- i satlon, It has unraveled the knot, forJ a century considered indissoluble, of the greatest European questions on which all the smaller questions depended. How many of us have dared to hope during these four years, that at the end of the war the Austro-HunL garlan empire and the German empire H would together have disappeared from the earth? No one however, could ^ have imaglr^d that the war would also have removed the Russian empire which was fighting on the other side; v that all the three militarist empires by divine right wouia nave xaueu timing and at the end of this war, both friends and enemies; and that at th end of the long duel only the parloamentary democracies of the west would fnnnH standing. Italy. France and England, those which were considered the weaker nations. "Nevertheless the improbable has become reality. From the time of th< French revolution until 1918 Europe C] was divided into two parts, which now made war, and then a truce but never ^ peace; the Europe which was dynastic 'by divine right,' and national demo- |n cratic Europe. Today there is only onr , Europe. The conquerors find them- t selves in front of a blank page on ^ which they can write what they l'kc; a cleared and free trrltory on which ^ they can build in accordance with the ^ designs of the mind and not in accord- tj. ance with the tyranic impositions of that same territory, and before vast . masses derived from these three great ruins out of which they can carve a gt new Europe which shall be a harmonious and living example of political art. C? Such ample justice has never before q been done, nor has so great an oppor- t| tunlty presented itself in the history of tJ( Europe, and it may well be argued that it will not soon occur again. Will ^ " "V,nm Itaoir annul to the OCCS- I CiUl V^?C Oliwn ihiv*4 slon and not allow a moment, which is perhaps unique in the history of the world, to pass unutilized? , "Every one should do what in them Ilea to insure that the great hopes of " * ' tlife present time shatt not be disappointed, for only in this way will the w victory for which our soldiers' bravery ve and the sacrifices of the civil population have wrested from the enemy [yield its fruits. The peace congress T1 will have to draw the boundaries within which a greater number of new ln - peoples than ever before came into ex- is istence at the same time will have to th < live. The operation, difficult at any th * time, will be especially difficult in a in century in which the very idea of lim" its has been uncertain for some time, m both ln thought and action, and when ar to consider every yard gained as a f? stage to gain more has been held to be su the highest wisdom in some cases and the finest heroism in others. The con- si; gress will probably have to decide bc among a number of contradictory aspirations, all having some points in Wl their favor, either because the lines di- ca vlding races and languages are hardly it) ever very clearly traced on the face el of the earth, or because national limits w do not always satisfy the political and m economic needs of either large or small states. "It will not be easy to decide fairly t'" among these conflicting claims. Just as c It will not be easy to see that the de- *>" cisions of the congress are considered t and respected as the basic statute of ')i _ the new order of public right in Eu- di rope reconstituted according to the hi rule of nationality. It may happen " that more than one of the new nations 't may be tempted to consider the decisions of the congress as a first pay- < ment, a first stage, a s gn of good hopes for the future. The spirit of the old ? " Europe Will not perish so soon! '1 "This danger must be taken Into ac- o' count if the rcconst tution of Europe according to the rule of national.ty is ra M not to be the signal for new wars. Na- < ^ tions are by nature neither belllccs la nor pacific, they live at peace or they make war according to the pass ons r which inflame them, the Ideas which t' prevail in the states, or the interests u: in which they are absorbed- There- "i fore the limits of these nations must ti be traced, not on a foundation of the rr suspicions, jealousy, rivalry and over- c< bearing which made the policy of the ti N'noteenth century productive of so n many wars in spite of the desire for It peace, but in such a way that every p people may be able to live in reasona- o ble contentment with its lot. k "This is possible today, provided s there is a wish for it. Many of the h calamities wnicn amicieu ^uiuiw m n the Nineteenth century arose from the f< desire to impose conditions on the less n fortunate nations which made existence impossible for them. The two p ^ first victims were Poland and Italy, p and when the Italian question was p partially solved the Balkan peoples tl were added to the list. c "Those who look for a reason as to E why Europe persisted in sowing the e wind and reaping the whirlwind in e this fashion, depriving these peoples h of air and breathing space, will find it t wm to the interest first of Austr'a or u Russia and then of Germany. These s interests and ambitions no longer ex- o ist and Europe can at last be the com- d man mother country of a great number a rof nations who may live side by side, without being either overbearing, or c fearing one another's prosperity as a d danger to themselves, but rejoicing in t a common good in which all can share, a It is only if the nations will know how a to understand each other's necessities s and to avoid the struggles and the humiliations, the mutilations and the difficulties with which they tormented : v themselves up to the time of the 1 \ world war, that western civilization j 1 *- 1 /jl ?rp$ -' ^hm v - ^3? < ? r jq[^K|B BBBbbbBBBBB ^.: y. ^JHHpej7 -: ^ , r*"' v *,flB ' & ^^^EHmNh 'f JS i*^Jl ...^ jHSBBbK^: ' *> '- *ijSWr Hm snkKf\'_ ? LIEUTENANT HENI York County Aviator Who Was Killed ui avoid the crisis which threatens it ernn i every hand. men It Is not to be supposed that the by mce congress will be infal'ible, nor Hay; iat all the new nations which it w'U maj< ivest with a territory and a place in In p istory will have the wisdom needed ' is er ? prevent them from every disturb'ng mess ?e universal order of things. If the j tions ilst&kes made In drawing up the new ! read urope and which experience brings in th > light are to be corrected without le victims being tempted, in despair 1 add ' other means, to have recourse as a ' men at resort to force, or if some impa- | R?g< ent nation wishes to alter the new | atute of Europe without the consent I ratu: ! the others, there must be a force tram ipable of restoring order." This, uglielmo Ferrero afflms, in conclu- thou on, leads to the question of ques- that ons: the League of Nations, and with ??ve iat, he remarks, he will deal on an- ^ her occasion. high m , for 1 AWAY WITH MONEY JjJj^ view f ipanese Idea of a Paradise of the i Peace. "on d ss We will make here a suggestion strik hich furnishes us a method to pre- Mar: mt the appearance of the rich, and ga^tl 'ert the consequent result of the was fference between rich and poor, ure I ae suggestion consists of the entire suse of the money over the world rt,atl order to give the struggle for ex- He < tence a check, to make a way with the i ie difference of rich and poor, and us to promote peace and equality {0r < the public life of mankind. j take It is through the medium of the oney that wealth is accumulated, e(j r id the accumulation entails the dif- adva rence of rich and poor, with its re- deve iltant struggle for existence. ititjn' This sate of things is most unde- poin rable. The end of mankind is not to , the s proud of individual talent*r abi'y, but to co-enjoy the peace of the g.atj orld, Just as in a family, and any mun .use which brings about any incqualy in public life must be radically asp iminated. It is for this reason that War e dare to suggest the disuse of the rinci oney to prevent the difference of ch and poor. vclo] What crafty fellow ever produced of t , , nf expc e money mr usu m uuiuau . sion lurse, nationalization of various val- al w iblcs, such as gold, silver, jewels, stoat c., shal' be implied in the disuse of war ie money and their ownership by inviduals be prohibited. Such valuai s retain their values only when j ey are used as a means of inoqual- l y, but will bo nothing more than Cerr iose pebbles on the road when | juality is to be prevalent. They may pj ivc romc ^alue in giving us a good Oeri el'ng on account of their elegance, rpec ?en they may be used, under public the vncrship, for the decoration of 'ng rin-s. ter.iplcs, churches, halls, and app< mny other like buildings to the rrnt >mr-on p'easurc of the public at \ or] roe. each Mcst complicated troubles nay a- : rt Si from the adjustment of prcp'r- el a cs after tbc enforcement of the (lis- p] se of the money. With the proposed care .iprrestion mines, railroad, ships, elec- of v ic and gas plants, waterworks, and subi inr.y other properties essential to the < oi jmmon interest of a nation shall be the -rnsferrcd to the national owner.; hi p. jji-t ot to ray of the nationalisation of p]o; ?nd. and they shall be equally com legu ensated for, as for the confismt'oc j the f money and several bonds, with a ftosi ind of registration bond newly is- Edit ued for the purpose, which should sub ave the characteristic of temporary -hni ransitional means until an improved 100 < ?ature makes its appearance in a onoi ew society. 'nve In other regards individuals may bo tt rii crmitted to retain their own property ors ersonal and real, and maintain their Gen rofessions or occupations. Transac- o Ions shall be carried on by the cx- hy ; hangc of kind in kind, or barter. jncl lut as barter is too inconven:ent to be firir nforccd. a ticket system may be tak- j thoi n for the remedy of this defeat. As and as been stated, our ideal disuse of com he money does not admit any accum- rep< ilation of wealth, and so the tickets \ hall be given each a certain period jng f time, say 10, 20, 30 years or more, as 1 luring which they can be in use, and tow fter which their circulation ceases, bom When this is accomplished, there a an be no more complaints, no more ]arg issotisfactions. no more contradic- heft ions, and no more misunderstandings, ing ,nd the world will be reorganized into the , paradise of peace.?Seijiro Bawa- to i hima in Dai Nippon. clus ? . ? . reac ? How under-ground and through- som rater wireless was put into pract cal to I ise has just been disclosed by the Na- . y Department offic als. giving to the j nfn lublic another of its war secrets. Gov- I arrc T> ^ ^SBKMBBSStaS^^S^ *W ?i^L '* y.vx yB '\] inBtSir^^8B8wfBBMBBBflKT IY L. SUGGS In France During December pent officials regard tb s devdopt, originated in private research James H. Rogers, a scientist, of attsville, Md.f as one of the war's )r scientific advisors of the kind, raticial use, the new system so far nploycd only for receiving radio iages sent out from powerful stai in Europe. They are now being at underground receiving station ig United States, and in some cases ;r than when caught by the elate and expensive air stations. In tion, it was revealed at the departt, through an adaptation of the rs' theory, that submarines under r are intercepting radio signals from shore, and with crude appas, the scientist has succeeded in emitting s'gnals two miles from a. rerged wire, simulating a submaOffic'als say it is possible, algh not yet an accomplished fact,, ground or water sending can be loped to a considerable extentr do not anticipate, however, that present method of sending from towers will be superceded except imited special purposes. The themost generally held until Rogers onstrated the correctness of his s, was that impulses hurled into ifr from a radio transmitting staand deflected earthward became pated as does lightning when ing the ground or water. The fland scientist, however, believed the impulses flowed through the 1 as through the air and that it only necessary to trap and meas;hem in the ground. He had been ork on his theory before the ed States entered the war and aly had interested naval experts, iffered the results of his work to navy without restrict'on and ofls say he was with diffculty pered to accept even remuneration iptnnl time. One of the first Steps n was the request of the Navy Dement, under war legislation, that implication for patents be exped;tThis was done. Some of the main mtagc8 of the Rogers' system, as loped so far, accord:ng to experts, ilmost negligible cost of constructhc intensifying of signals by ting the sending apparatus toward receiving stat'on and reduction of c interference. Eecause of the r advantage the navy's receiving on at New Orleans, where comication with ships in Southern waswept by frequent electrical storms iaintainod, uses the underground iratus with marked succ< ss. In a great advantage is that subma3 receive messages while submergThis is being done by w:rcs trailin the water. The Rogers' depment aroused electrical experts he government to new efforts to inel and improve radio transmisfacultics Out of the experimentork done with this and other ideas rty advance has been made under pressure and Rogers' theories arc rwoven with those of other men in results being obtained. TO TRY THE KAISER. nan Empe'or Will Have to Answer for Crimes. -oeeedings against the former nan Emperor are advised in a :al report by a sub-committee of commission charged with inquirinto violations of the laws of war minted two months ago. The pahody has done a great deal of k through its sub-committees, to ' of which was assigned some 'cular phases of violations chargi -ainst enemy countries, ans for a tribunal which will try (s in which violations of the laws i-ar are alleged have already been nilted. no of the most difficult phases of work has been the inquiry into reatrr.ent of prisoners, their emmont hoViinri the firing lines, il 1 methods of warfare, misuse of Red Cross flag, bombardments of pita's and the executions of Miss th Cavoll and Capt. Fryatt. The -comnvttce having this work in rge has already examined about 300 cases of ill-treatment of prlsrs and has about 150,000 more tc (stigate. It has submitted an inm report on employment of prisonbehind the firing lines and in man mines and quarries, ffenses at sea arc being dealt with i third committee, its investigation uding destruction of merchantmen lg on crews after destruction ol r vessels, sinking of hospital ships other alleged violations. This imittee has already submitted a >rt on illegal submarine warfare fourth committee has been dealwith offenses from the air. such he indiscriminate bombardment ol ns and the willful or reckless ibarding of hospitals. 11 the sub-committees still have e masses of evidence to examine >re final reports are issued dealwith charges to be preferred and degree of responsib'lity attachinp Individuals. Although final coniions may not, therefore, be 'hed in a majority of cases for e months, it is said that it is no1 be assumed that practical steps e not been taken to secure and st offenders. ???????i BONE DRY GOES. U ef Whisky Must Not Be Carried Into For* fc bidden Territory. t Statutes of "dry" states permitting persons to import or personally bring ni In limited amounts of intoxicants for 8J ; their own use were In effect nulliflfed I aj I by the so-called Reed "bone dry" je amendment enacted by congress, the n United States supreme court holds in c, . an opinion reversing the Federal courtly, for the southern district of West Vlr- Lj, ginia. . 11] I Justice MacReyw>ias, in a ai?cuu^B D, 'opinion in which Justice Clarke con- g, curred, held that the Reed amendment ^ was not an interstate eeajmerceregh- a, latory measure, but was direct xMAdling with state affairs and as mfch l purely beyond the power of the jHkl- w eral government ft The case came up on an appear*)* y< the government from the lower coiltrt decision dismissing the proceeding* blb w , brought against Dan Hill for carrying a] a quart of liquor into West Virgtoia ? for own personal use as is permitted by the state law. The trial court held g, J that such transportation did not come 8C | v/ithin the meaning of the Reed amend- w |went which, it held, was intended to se j apply only rtc actual shipments of li-jjn " <nu_ /innrt rPmanfitd the I C !<]nwr. xlie aufiunc wi?.? - . ^ ease for retrial. ja] la .rendering the majority opln'on, p( Justice Day said: M "In view of the authority of con- a, gress over Jhe subject matter and the n( enactment (Of previous legislation.em- C( bodied in the Wilson and Webb-Ken- jj. yon laws, we have no question that p congress enacted this statute because e of its belief that in states prohibiting fc , the sale or manufacture of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes, the p< : fac.lities of interstate commerce should w be denied to the introduction of intox- p, Icants by means of interstate com- ar I mcrce, except for the limited purposes js permitted in the statute which have : nothing to do with liquor when used m as a beverage. f ar "That the state saw fit to permit the ai introduction of liquor tor personal use p, in the limited quantity In no wise In - u, terferes with the authority <of congress, acting under its plenary pover over interstate commerce to make prohibition against interstate shipment con- ?( tained in this act. It may exert Its authority as in the Wilson and WehbKenyon acta having in view the laws ^ of the state, but it has a power of its own, which in this instance it has ex- ^ erted in accordance with its view of ln public policy. When congress exerts its authority in a matter within its control state laws must give way in the hi regulation of the subject matter by the superior power conferred by the constitution." Justice MacReynolds said in dissenting: te: "The Reed amendment in no proper be sense regulates interstate commerce, I but is a direct intermeddling with state's internal affairs. Wheth?&Mft*> jtf garded as a reward or punishment for wisdom or folly in enacting limited ^ prohibition, the amendment so con- W( strued, I think, goes beyond Federal j, power, and to hold an otherwise opin m ion opens possibilities for partial and sectional legislation which may de- ar stroy proper control of their own af- j.j fairs by the several states. "If congress may deny liquor to those who live in a state simply because its ^ manufacture Is not permitted, then . why may this not be done for any sug i gested reason, namely, because the, roads are bad, or men are hanged for | ^ murder or coal is dug. Where is the ^ limit? The Reed amendment as now C construed Is a congressional fiat im- ^ posing, more complete prohibition . wherever the state has assumed to prevent the manufacture or sale of intox-. icants." jj CRITICISM FROM ROOSEVELT. th 1U' What the Dead Ex-President Thought of the League of Nations. ^ An article on the league of nations, 81 the last contribution that Col Thco- T1 j dore Roosevelt prepared for the Kansas City Star, appeared in that paper blJ last Monday. The editorial was dictat- U* ed on Friday, January 3, and his sec-'' retary expected to take the typed copy to him for correction on the following. UI Instead she was notified early that se morning of his death. " . The article follows; 11:11 "It is, of course, a serious misfor- & tune that our people are not getting aj *0 clear idea of what is happening on the, 1S other side. For the moment the point! m as to which we are foggy is the 'league| aI of nations. We, all of us, earnestly I ce desire such a league, only we wish to) c* be sure that it will help and not hinder Al the cause of world peace and Justice. th There is not a young man in this coun- nl try who has fought, or an old man who Pr has seen those dear to him fight, who 815 does not wish to minimize the chance th of future war. But there is not a man m of sense who does not know that in a8 any such movement if too much is at tempted the result Is either failure or worse than failure. Stage of Rhetoric. The trouble with Mr. Wilson's uttorannes. as far as they are reported, s and the utterances of acquiescence in j them by European statesmen, Is that they are still absolutely in the stage of 1 rhetoric precisely like the fourteena points. Some of the fourteen points will probably have to be construed as 1 having a mischievous sentence, a smaller number might be construed, as being harmless, and one or two. even as beneficial, but nobody knows what Mr. Wilson really means by them, and 1 so all talk of adopting them as a basis I for a peace or a league is nonsense, . and if the talker is intelligent, It is insincere nonsense to boot. Mr. Wilson's 1 recent utterances have given us abso' lutely no clue as to whether he really l intends that at this moment we shall admit Russia, Germany with whom, incidentally, we are still waging a war 1 Turkey, China and Mexico into a. [ league on a full equality with our-. > selves. Mr. Taft has recently defined-; the purposes of the league and tile! limitations under which it would ' in a way that enables most of us to.say | we very heartily agree in principle t with his theory and can, without doubt. '>; come to an agreement on specific dei tails. ! "Would It not be well to begin with I the league which we actually have in ( ^existence? The league of the Allies, i i j who have fought through this great ( 1 war? Let us at the peace tabic see j ' that real justice is done as among j lO"" Allies and that while the stern- i it reparation is demanded from our >es for such horrorj is those commit- ' ;d in Belgium, northern France, Artenia and the sinking of the Lusltaia, nothing should be done in the )irlt of mere vengeance. Then let us 5rce to extend the privileges of the ague as rapidly as their conduct warints It to other nations, doubtless dis imlnating between these who would ave a guiding part in the league and le weak nations who would be entied to the privileges of membership, ut who would not be entitled to a ' Jl AAiinhila Pflrh I JIUlIlg VVU? 1U VUO JUWwsswsw. v. at on reserve to itself and for its own j ecision, and let it cjearly set forth) uestions which are non-justifiable. I et nothing be done that will interfere 1th our preparing for our own de>nce by introducing a system of uni? srsal obligatory military training. Finally, make it perfectly clear that e do not intend to take a position of' 1 international meddlesome matter, he American people do not wish to go ito an overseas war unless for a very reat cause and where the issue is ab(lutcjy plain. Therefore, we do not ish to undertake the responsibility of indlng our gallant young men to die i obscure fights in the Balkans or in entral Europe, ur In a war we do not ?prove of. Moreover, the American sople do not intend to give up the onroe doctrine. Let civilized Europe id Asia introduce some kind of pole system in the weak and disorderly mntries at their thresholds. Eut let le United States treat Mexico as our alkan peninsular and refuse to allow; uropean or Asiatic powers to interre on this continent in any way that jpl'es permanent or semi-permanent issesaion. Every one of our Allies 111 with delight grant this request If res dent Wilson chooses to make it, id it wil! pe a great misfortune if it not made, "inbelieve that such an effort made oderately and et nely, but sincerely id with utter morn forwards that e not made gooc by deeds, will be oductlve of real and lasting internamal good." NO TIME FOR POLITICS. leaker Cothran Calls Upon Members to Give Honest Service. Hon. T. P. Cothran of Greenville, is unanimously re-elected speaker of e house of representatives last Tuesiy, ,snd on taking the chair he said parti "You o?ji not use your place in this >use as & stepping stone to some gher office, jf such exists, and give e state what you have obligated urself to give, .faithful, intelligent rvice"Contemplate with the keenest lnrest and intelligence the task that is fore you, and gird your loins. "You are the directors ?X ine greait corporation in the statq, the state relf. - *"You have in your keep the en e statute law of the state; by your jrd that great band which holds its vilization in bound can be annulled, odified, amended; broken or mended. "Those laws are intended to guaritee the security of the citizen's life, jerty and property. You have the >wer to alter them as you will. Not at there is a threat impending, but intensify and emphasize the mag. tude of your power and consequent ponslbility. The power of taxation is in your tads, the highest attribute of sovergnty, plenary and without limit expt the discretion which it is your " -* - Tt (ifivnr s every Hi .10 BAcnus. ?v ece of property in the state, it aches out to every citizen in the ate, it is imbued with the extreme nit of compulsion, imprisonment to e person and confiscation of property ider the auctioneer's hammer. The >vernor of the state, the king of Engnd and the president of the United atcs cannot do vhat you can do. lat power carries with it the great sponslbillty and duty of laying that irdcn fairly, equally, justly upon ose who must bear it "You are charged with the educajnal institutions of the state. It is ? to you to wipe from the slate the igma of illiteracy. South Carolina ands at the very bottom amo? all e states, only Louis:ana having a cater percentage of illiteracy. Out of >3,000 enrolled Democratic voters in 16, nearly 20,000 had to make their ark. There should be no limit to the >propriations for common schools expt what is needed to secure for every lild in the state a place in school, ad it would seem but fair and logical at if such accommodations were furshod by the state as a means of self eservation, the sole Justification for ich a liberal policy, you should, for e same reason, compel those who Ight be recalcitrant to take advant- I :e of them." I 5 V W : One of the greatest enemies of 1 'oast, which crulaed around as a hi t J-bonts would come up to attack, th< l nd usually the sinking of another l1 admiralty. This photograph shows tl fiction. EXTRA SESSION NECESSARY. | Look* Now That Congress Cannot Completo Its Work by March 4. With half the short session gone, the prospect afforded by an examination of the congressional calendar a.nl tit" work ahead of congress is none too reassuring, says a Washington dispatch. It will only be by a tits! at the fag end of the session that congress can hope to enact the legislation necessary to stabilize conditions and earry on the business of the government. So far only two appropriation MPs have been passed by the house, wh'le I the senate has not passed any. T.ne revenue bill Is st'll pending In conference, although the conferees hoje - "IV- ? A tor its eariy passage. xnc io.nu: u . transact more business Is In large pa-t | due, Jt Is believed, to the complicated | situation which faced congress with the signing of the armistice. Th'ngs have really come to such a pass that an extra session of congress Is almost Inevitable, whether the Democrats like it or not The senate, in particular, refuses to enact legislation before a thorough Investigation Jnto the new deve'opments. The policy advocated by the adm'nlstratlon on some vital matters meets with the strongest opposition, and, that being the case, It Is too much to xpect that the remainder of the short session will be sufficient to pass Intelligently on such questions as the railroads, army and navy appropriations and a constructive labor policy. The problem presented by the rail a_ la frroot tn rujrmit Af ru?tuc> triune 10 tw w a hasty action. In this case the views of the administration on the five-year period of control clash with the views of what would appear to be a majority of congressional leaders. Mr. Mc\doo, former director-general, presented his case to a very hostile committee, which did not agree either with his recommendation of extending the period of Federal control or handing over the roads without delay to the owners as an alternative, Already not less than five distinct solutions of the railroad problem have been offered to the Interstate commerce committee of the senate. This merely indicates the great lack of unan'mity on a question which affects the basis economic structure. The be'lef now Is that congress will not pass I any railroad legislation In he present session. At the same tlm* the argument Is put forth that the government cannot relinquish Its control un- j til some legislation Is enacted. Again there Is a great diversity cf views on ml'itary and navaj policies and appropriations, The line of cleavage Is no longer a political one, a fact which renders the enactment of legislation more difficult. Thus Secretary Daniels's recommendation for a greatly increased navy will be opposed by some of the best known figures in the 1 senate. - i The progressives In that body demand that there shall be Immediate economic retrenchment to ease the burden of taxation and to prevent dissatisfaction. They will aiso ask Secretary Daniel to explain who the potential enemy Is against whom such naval preparations are to be made and whether or not the policy of increased naval strength accords with the per petuatlon"of that grood feeling' which is the basis of American diplomacy. There has been a great deal of loose talk on reconstruction legislation, especially In regard to the labor question. The eesuute committee on education and labor Is holding hearings on the question of labor and employment. Out of these. hearings It Is hoped will develop a sane and rational labor policy to take the place of the present Individualistic conflict between capital and labor. That the rew remaining weeks of th's session should be enough to deal with all 'vese problems Intelligently Is, It Is relieved, too much to hope. Hence an -grra session of congress Is thougni almost inevitable. WHEREABOUTS OF TROOPS. Thirtieth Division Is Not to Be Returned Soon. Of the southern troops overseas, says a Washington aispaicn ui day, men of only two divisions, the Thirty-first and Thirty-ninth, are to he returned to the United States In the near future- Part of the Thirtyfirst division, composed of Georgia, Alabama and Florida soldiers, already have sailed 'and the remainder have been placed on priority for early return. The Thirty-first has been "skeletonized," according to the war department. When hostilities ended it was located at Brest, France, and had not been assigned to a place in the fighting line. j The Thirty-nineth division, .composed ojf Alabama, Louisiana and MissisHUN SUBMARINE x \ ^ v.... ^i^bl jng the U-boat was the "Q" ship Suffolli innless sailing vessel until one of the ?n the sides of the ship would open uj f-boat would be reported by the British M forward hatch open with the gun is sippl, has been skeletonized for replacement and return, to the United States. The Thirty-ninth was a depot division located at St Florent France, when the fighting stopped. The Thirtieth division, composed of North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee troops, had been assigned to fight with the British and was located at Quarrien, France, when the armistice was signed. It is now located at 11 xjaiiuvii The Eightieth division, composed of Virginia, West Virginia and western Pennsylvania troops, was attached to the American Second army and when the lighting ceased was located at Sommauthe and Stelezier. Prance. Latest reports show it located at Aucy-le-France. The Eighty-first division, composed of North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida and Porto Rico troops, was located at Somme Dieue and Ia-Sur-Tille when hostilities ceased, being at that time unassigned. At present It is at Mussy Sur Seine. The Eighty-second division, composed of Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee troops, was attached to the American First army and was located at FJorent, France, when the lighting ceased. Jt is at Prauthoy. The Eighty-seventh division, composed of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and southern Alabama troops, was doing temporary duty at Pons, France, near Bordeaux, when fighting ceased. It < now located at St Nozlere; The Forty-second (or Rainbow) division, composed of men from all parts of the country, at present is attached to the army of occupation and located at Thrweller. It was at Maisoncelle and St Dlzler, France, when the armistice was signed. The Ninety-second division, composed of negro troops from all parts of the .country, was at Marbache and St Pizier, France, when fighting ceased, and at present is located at Marbache. ? ? ? FOOD BETTER THAN FORCE. Why Precjdent Wants One Hundred Million Dollars. President Wilson's message addressed to administration leaders in congress concerning the $100,000,000 appropriation for European food relief follows: I cannot too earnestly or solemnly urge upon the congress tne appropriation (or which Mr. Hoover has asked (or the administration o( (ood relle(. Food is now the key to the whole European situation and to the solution o( peace- Bolshevism is steadily advanc- ' ing westward, is poisoning Germany. ft .cannot be stopped by torce, but it pan be ^topped by (ood, and all the leaders with .whom f. am in con(erence agree that concern action in this matter is p( immediate and vital importance. The money will net be spent (or (ood (or Germany ItseK, because Germany can buy its (ood, but it will be spent (or financing tbe movement o( (ood to, our real (riends In Poland and to the people o( the liberated unite o( thej Auetro-Hungarian empire and to our associates In the Balkans. I beg that you will present this matter with all possible urgency and (orce to the congress. I do not see how we can find definite' powers with whom to conclude peace unless this means ot stemming the tide o( anarchism be employed. A message (rom Henry White, Republican member ot the American peace aeiegtuiuu, mau i?u >u %.v..D.?w~, follows: Feel I should no longer delay laying before you condition which has been gradually forcing itself upon our delegation, and which now dominates entire European situation above all else namely, startling westward advance of Bolshevism. It now completely controls Russia and Poland and is spreading through Germany, Only effective barrier now against it Is food relief, as Bolshevism thrives only on starvation and disorder. I consider It, therefore,1 of the utmost importance that president's request for 1100,000,000 appro' priation for relief be granted at once. Impossible to inaugurate peace confer* ence and proper auspices without previous adequate provisions to cope with situation. Aside from the stoppage of Bolshevism, I understand there is In the United States considerable surplus of food accumulated at high prices, main tonance whereof guaranteed by our government, or assurance under Its auspices, and that it Is necessary to dispose of this surplus in order to relieve warehouse and financial facilities as well as prevent serious fall in price, with radical break in market, which would cost our country more than the appropriation asked for. | The appropriation is not for the purpose of advancing money to Germany, which will pay on a cash basis for any food sent there. Allies are already furnishing to liberated territories, and are disposed to assist otherwise to the extent of their available resources, but most of the food must come from the United States. I cannot too strongly Impress upon you urgency of meeting situation herein described. Sheep With fewer sheep in the United States by 12,000,000 than therwere twelve years ago, it is not strange that the government is asking farmers to raise more wool-producing animals. The now famous slogan. "Ten hens in every back yard," is supplemented by another, "A bunch of sheep in every farm yard." The appeal is made especially to farmers in the corn belt, but eastern farmers, too, are becoming interested. The great sheep ranches of the west are being broken up and new * 1-1- Ko ^o_ methods or sneep raising muai w ^ veloped. It has been suggested that several sheep in every flock should be equipped with a cowbell to aid in their protection. No doubt there are thousands of such bells repos'ng In farmhouse cupboards. Their tinkle In the pastures and along the roadsides once more would be a welcome sound. Christian Sc'ence Monitor. Isaac Deutch and six policemen of Phllade'phia, were on Monday convicted on charges of murder growing out of an election killing, and sentencI ed to terms of two years to six months I and fines of $1,000 to $200. 1 1 ' I Dr. Horace Fletcher, well known a? . a dietician, died at Copenhagen, Monday. a>red 70 years. He waa a natlv< of Lawrence, Mass, CONDITION OF TURKEY. Why a Great Opportunity Failad to Baar Better Fruit. Turkey'a Hamidian regime, of thir- 3 ty-three years duration, ended ten years ago. The death of the Ottoman I empire in the spring of 1908 need only have brought out the comment that the Sick Man of Europe had been an unconscionable time a-dylng. But in July, 1908, came the supposed miracle of the > Young Turk revolution. There was practically no bloodshed. Vengeance for the horrors perpetrated by Abdul Hamld seemed swallowed up tin an intoxication of joy. Out of the universal Intrigue, suspicion, corruption and cruelty sprang full-blown a new government based on all the virtues. The slogan was "liberty, fraternity, equality, Justice." Turk and Armenian wept on each other's neck as they embraced over the graves of massacred Armenians, who for thirteen years had not been publicly mourned. Turk, Greek, Bulgar, Albanian and Jew all fraternised as not in a thousand years. Within the empire the millenium seemed to have come. But the revolution was not acceptable to Turkey's neighbors, at least not without a ehanoe to even up old scores and liquidate Ham id lan debts. All in a heap in the early days of October, vigorous Bulgaria declared her Independence of the '"-J decrepit concern to which she was tributary and became a full-fledged kingdom instead of a "nrlncinalltv." Austria-Hungary declared the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkish provinces, which for thirty years the dual monarchy had been administering "in behalf of Turkey"; Crete, albeit unsuccessfully, declared .< for union with her natural motherland, Greece. The Toung Turks, looking at all these violations from a very academic standpoint had not the sense to bow gracefully before the inevitable. Untrained idealists and a few old foxes ins'sted on their "rights,*' and apparently thinking that by abolishing the rule which had so cruelly oppressed Turkey from within they cpu)d thereby erase external consequences. Young ? Turkey had her defenders. She seenar ed in almost every way to commend herself to the sympathies of the nobleminded,?Boston Herald. NOT A SMALL NATION Polish Country Large In Domain and Rich In Peopla Notwithstanding the fact that In this war nearly three million Polishspeaking soldiers have been forced into fratricidal com iat, driven into battle by German and Austrian and Russian conscriptirn,' to fight their cousins and brothers, ft ay persons seem to believe Poland a small nation. They forget the magnitude of its historic domain and the numbers of its pe,ople. The kingdom of Boleslaus the Gfeat (992-J025) stretched from the Baltic sea to th<& ^Carpathians. It Included part of Saxony thj? whole of Silesia, and stretched almost to Berlin. In 17T8, when came the first ^ dismemberment, Poland covered S00, 000 square miles almost 100,000 miles j more than the German empire of today. Its population was eleven and 'j a half millions. It ranks, indeed, wlth^^j Italy as the fifth European Before the outbreak of this war there was a compact mass of 36,000,POO peo-1 I. .nAiklrlnw DAIIsV piu 111 AUIUyo 0|^OAiU5 WIIV A VllOil language; -and whatever ruler might claim dominion- over them, they were one; no mutilation of the national body, no cruelties or oppresions, could dissever the Poles in spirit They remain today one nation In language and In aspirations, despite a century and a half of political slavery, and through all those years the love of liberty ha$ burned within them as an Inextinguishable flame. For a Constitutional Convention. A Joint resolution Is to be Introduced in / both houses of the genera] assembly ' Aavm / alllno- tftT a , w11.11111 Hie ucaw ftvn uw/?, m ^ constitutional convention. Provision* of the resolution are that the question shall be submitted in referendum to the people in the general election of 1920* ^0 The resolution will be introduced in the senate by Senator Nells Christensen of Beaufort and Senator S. H. McGhee of Greenwood. The following la the text of the resolution: ''Be It enacted by the general assembly of the state of South Carolina: "Section 1. That the question of calling a constitutional convention of the people of South Carolina to be submitted to the qualified electore of the state at the next general election to be held for the election of representatives, and if a majority of electors, qualified to vote for members of the general assembly, voting op said question, vote in favor of such convention, It shall be the duty of the general assembly at their next session to designate the time and place and the prescribed manner of holding said convention. "Sec. 2. The question of calling said constitutional convention shall be submitted to said qualified electors in the following manner: Those in favor of the constitutional convention shall dei> posit a ballot on which the following words are plainly written or printed thereon, to wit: 'For constitutional convention, yea.' Those opposed to calling said convention shall deposit a ballot with the following words plainly written or printed thereon, to wit: 'For constitutional convention. No.'" ^ It was an Unjust Order. Congressman Lever has entered a vigorous protest to Secretary Baker against the order of the war department prohibiting further promotions In the army, this order as it affects men who have arrived in France after the signing of the armistice. "My view is," said Mr. Lever, "that this order as affects men who have noiVkco ioon hlltrfl Cft It ifl Uf| - generous and unfair to the gallant men who have fought the battles of their country. Many of the men have been . robbed of their promot'ons by 24 hours only. In other words, they were i ecommende-J for promotion 24 hours ' before the signing of th? armistice. The order then conies and denies them [ their rights. I have put the matter squarely up to Secretary Baker in the , most unmistakable language and I am hopeful that h3 will see the injustice cf the order. Of course the department is Justified in Issuing the order ? so far as It affects men who have not ~on<* across, but is absolutely uns Justified as to those who have seen real sen-ice." .-J r.jjMaMifa rfTTWBiaMaag^Mi^B