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YORKVILLE ENQUIRER. ISSUED aMU-WMaa.T. . , i m giiist's soxs, Pubtiibers. S Jlfffspaptr: ?or Iht promotion of the political, rial, Jjjrunttarat and Comm trriat jitfrHtJO]( lli< i SISOLS COPT. PJTB COB, ESTABLISHED 1855 YORK, 9. C. TUESDAY. DECEMBER' 34, 1918. " yO.'fOil COTTON AND GAMBLERS Review of Conditions As Affecting Present Situation ? rnnuff r>n ri n rrn rnmr inn rnuiltr unuff m nttitu uunu aiiu iujiinu With the Beginning of the War In 1914, the Farmers of the South Were Made Victims of Big Business Manipulation, and With the Coming of Peace New Effort Is Made to Repeat the Operation. |Th? following wa.s prepared for the ditorial columns of the last issue of Tin Kni|tiir>-r; hut having been crowd. i ! out of its proper place, is being purit-i] tii'i* to avoid the possibility of it^ In nig i niwiliil out again.] It is not pleasant to criticize those in autliont\. and due allowances must be , in nli- for tin selfishness of human na- g lure, li is necissary, however, in a j public government that the people should be kept informed on public affairs and that their servants should be ( le Id to strict accountability. t The producers of this country have checrfiill> !' sponded to every call up- ( in their patriotism; they have given ti.oil viinnc nun to light on foreign , .soil they have bought Liberty bonds, paid 11 :iv> income taxes ami support- j -I the I: <! Cross arui Y. M. ('. A. with- | out stint, but they will fiercely resent ( beinc ib priveil l?y gamblers of the just j fruit-: of their toil. ( in I'M I eottoti was forced down to 6 t e?hi ; pet pound umi was bought up by , middle men who sold it through gov- , t rnmeiit aid in Kurope at a profit of , about pep bale. The cotton pro- ( tlie i i.- lost about $400,000,000 on that , crop It seems to us and we believe m that tiuie will show a gigantic conspir- , aey m New York and Liverpool to re- , l* at on a large scale the performance , ?f i a 11. , It is evident now that the south is , going io frustrate its accomplishment, but undoubtedly some of the insiders have made a "killing." provided they ( i an get nut of the market and take their piolits. When the government report was made in October, it showed that there would be another short crop and cotton prices at once went to 36 cents a ( pound in New York. The December , report not only confirms that made in ui tot* !, but shows a further decrease) of 11 vimio bales. 'ollon advanced to 36 cents a pound in i uioIm r when war was in proy.css ( .111 I no one thought it would be over . before y?-t when the October re- ( port was more than confirmed cotton ] went down around 32 cents. What is the explanation of these facts? After the October rejKirtthere . was a hue and cry to fix the price of cotton. This checked a further ad- ' vance or within a week after the Octo- j - \ ?her report cotiou would have >egn 40 i ' TTH'iiWPt ti.irkndow ~ 3t cents and as prices were fairly satisfaetory planters h.-can yo sell. .Man- j llfactllrcd K?ods Were sellinu on a basis j of $1 p. r pound for raw cotton and Hie coveriinn lit was uniim toil con-' traits on the hasis ol .'<< cents per polliol. It .lid not suit these speculators l"<>i ' the trovcrnnicut to ii\ the pric- of ?*oi- . ton for that would l?a\e |.r?-\ ciit.-d ( llllctiiatioii. The average cost of pro-I ductiou. owimr i<> a partial failure ol j tile crops III the West, Was al.oiit ,'i.i j cents per pound, this, m i oiineetioii j. with ilo- hiuli pric- of inaiiufacturcd . iroods would have forced tln-ni to lis tin- price not under in cents. il.-rc is what happened: Tin chairman of the war industries hoard was a ( Wall Street In-oker nano d Munich. II. ( llrsl achieved national prominence by | a lame contribution to a I?einoeratic campaign fund and we in \t hear of . him limirim? in ? t>tiw itli a sloi-k j ' liiinif oausi-il by a Irak in tha* prt-siala-lil's mi ssaira-. It was i-asy f?ir well > |Hi?t<il in?iala-r*> to Mil all tin' ontton! , llia-y uiuitwl a it hi nil ax-nt*. a |M?iuial.j tlu'ii all Ili<-\ lia?l to <lo was to fix-alt* a t pallia- and kiits-k priavs down and liny tln-ir ?*?>(Ion in. There is soiiii tliiuu ( al>solut<-l> brutal in sii<-li nnthaids. It rt-<|iiitx-s no spa-anal brains 'lilt* na-axhxl rx-i|iiisiti*> art- oflitial |M>wa-r and a txnist-ii-iux without M-rnpIt*. Iak?* a tliundi-rbolt from a t-l-. ar ska <-atn?* tin- aiimntnronirnt from tin- war imlustrias board that th?-y inu-ndi-tl to ^ lix tin- prior of fotton. This starti-al . tin- ball to ladling a|a?w ti bill ami a fa-w j days latt-r an alla-in-al inta-rvia-w with Soi-raiai> Iloiisti'ii statt-ai that 25 t-t-nts a pound was all that a-otton was worth. This a-tunph ta-al tlu* alisasta-i. ami trnt ? until tlu- war imlustrios board wa-nt out of busim ss has aiitboalx had t-onlia alt-nco in a-ottaui. W'a- havo stati ?l tl?t- f.u-ts as nt-ar as wo t -ti and our rt-aah-rs a-att draw tha-ir own a auiaiusiams. I.a'a'k at tho iiiarkt-t situation tanlay. j laiva l'pool should only bo two a'ollts pa r , pouml a with normal a-xport traab-l ( abova- Xa-w York It was t-ontlali-ntly , a-Xpaata-al that l.ivrtpool Would fonta- ^ alow ti in prit-a* ta? nit-a-t rraluct-al freight , anal insuraiu o. Instoad a?f that Livor- , pool has aaivana-a-ab Tin- ra?tta-n ma th- ( oils aaf tht* Xa-w York t-xt-hanut- have oausoal tha- faartnation of a new one ? calleal tho Ameria-an exehantte. t>n tha- ( Xa-W Yaaik rxrhanyr tatalav July a-adtoll | is a|Ua>ta-al at 24.TtJ. whilt- on tita- Anierlean t-xrhanicr it is t|Uota*al at 21*.20. , I.ivorpa?a>l is absairbmy a-ottaui at i.' j Will.- ! ? " ,... -- -- - , New York. Kven allowing a difference of srvi'ii cents per pound. Liverpool is taking our cotton at S5 cents a pound. , The New Orleans market has always j been below the New York market, and ^ yet it is 7"i points now above New York. an?l the southern spot markets , have never followed the decline. The , rates of freight are now less than $3 per hundred, against $1."> when war j was in progress. The rates of insurance ran as high as ten per cent, and ; now they are less than one per cent. We think that had cotton been allow- ( ed to take its normal course and peace found it at forty cents in New , York, that Liverpool would have come down to "its normal relation with the New York market. The fact that it is , not shows that those in the legitimate | trade know that there is something t "rotten in Denmark*" The cotton intercets in Europe are going into the , market now and they intend to accumulate stocks regardless of what gamblers think of it. This all goes to show ] that the cotton interests in the south i t need oranlzation. They need men who are posted in finance to protect their interest. South Carolina, under the leadership of John L. McLaurin made a start in the rijtht direction and no doubt the educational work done here ha* had a tremendous effect in holding cotton off the market and breaking up a icmnabiers' jNiradi.se. Those shorts who were not on the Inside of the deal, are in the market and will be called on to deliver the actual cotton or pay a heavy premium to get out. Those on the inside sold them the cotton and leave them the Kc> v,,,M Thp riiililir would like to know who the "insiders" were. Their names would be Interesting reading. MEANING OF BOLSHEVISM. Here Is a Summary of the Different Socialistic Doctrines. Despite countless explanations, hostile and friendly, many Americans still confess their inability to comprehend the phenomenon of Bolshevism. Numerous readers of the Daily News have written to ask what, essentially, is a Bolshevik?in ltussia, Germany or elsewhere. Whatever the original or technical [lellnition of the term may have been, Bolshevism signifies today the following set of doctrines: First Socialism as taught by Marx in his "Capital" and "Communist Manifesto" is proclaimed the sovereign ure for all social and economic ills. Hence, a socialist republic should be established at once, advantage being taken of the historic opportunity crouted by the collapse of the European autocracies and military castes. -Nan,milium i? fn li?. snoerseiled hv so called internationalism, the fraternaliKation of the proletariat of all nations. Second. Marxian socialism prescribes seizure and nationalization of all private capital?all the means of production. Lund, mines, factories, stores, warehouses, shipping, public utilities, J therefore, are to be taken over by the socialist state without compensation. Vot that socialism excludes theldea of compensation: for under certain conditions even Marxians aro willing: to pay for jirivate property in order to escape violence and disorder. But at J u time of upheaval and revolution, the Bolshevist leaders contend, compensation is unnecessary and sentimental, l'hey scorn "bourgeois morality." Third. If the troops and middle classes offer resistance to expropriation or to the Socialistic republic, Bolshevists hold, they are to be treated as counter revolutionists, enemies of the new social order. They are therefore entitled to no consideration. They must submit unconditionally or they perish. Revolutionary leaders have no right to display weakness and sentimentality. Terror is held to be as iustlflable against recalcitrant capitalists and the bourgeoisie as against tyrannical czars. l 4KheJfe<~-\"?or*7>e ~WK.V <l bourgeoisie and aristocrats resist heeiTortsof Socialist lenders to vstabish their Marxian republic, for tin iine being and for an iinleliniU p< riod o collie till V must In* excluded 1'rolli niwi'i* :uiil disfranchised. The tralisiioli from tin present in-ill r to tin* in*\\ illist In* mildcd .1 n I < lT?*i-t? *1 solely l?.v In* proletariat in r?*:?lity. of eotirse. i> .1 f. w masterful .iiiil ;iinfant lion. iVorki is who |i|-nfi*s.- to i*i |ii*i*si lit tin *roletartat ami no nii*r?* hotirmois or iristocrat must In* suffered to 1?:i\ * a loin* in Movernnieut or h-Kislation dttrn? tin* inliri* critical pi riod of r?adiustm? tit. In short, tlii* dictatorship of In* proli tariiit must supers) 1?* tin* ?!ii atorslii)i of tlii- autocrat or tin* lnilitay despot. i i|i|iositioii to miiIi a |ito|i*. .a nan ilii taiorshi|i is | 1111is11a lilt* as reason to tin* Socialist republic. Soiinitin* ill the ilistant future tlleeXpro riateil liotirtteoisic may In* readmitted nto the social union. The foreuotnu points sum up Itolihevism. The sentimentalists who ipolouize for the I.* nine ami lJchviieclits b\ pleioliiiT that alt**r all. they ire idealists ami noble dreamers, foror do not care to know, that 11? > hi also ruthless advocates of "mass error" and snercj|i*ss suppression of ill civil and political rights, tlx* rights f free speech altd five assembly not xecpted. and that tliev repudiate ami ibhor i;etiliim I) deiiloeratie and free tovcrunient. Witt has I .en i tie be< n able to in rem it himself in power while teachmm sin It doc!rims as these? Itcesitisc ie has fid the land huniri r of tin* pea .(Ills. will) iiri" in III** mnniiviaiiiiin ii;ij??rity. They haw soiznl and partin! oil I the ureat estates of Russia. I'hey know nothing ahout .Marxian m> lalistn. toil they uphold Leiiine In a use they intend to keep tho lain! \hieh I.enine permits them to liolil.? 'liieago Daily News. Made Them Beg for It. I^tinlon is aiiithitig over a story that has just eaehed there regarding Marshal 'ikIi's ift.plion ot tlio Dei man white lag party. At . tailing to this aeeount. \hen the delegates aiii\. .l tin y anlomii'i >1 they hail eonte to discuss tinis of an armistiee that tin- assoiatoil govt-rnnioiits propos.il. Koch regarding them with a I dank it at v. "Artnistiff? I know nothing ?t' a proposed armistice." he is said to iave declared. The ih U rates appeared dnnifonnd tl. They explained that Cermany iad accepted President Wilson's t'onreen lmints. and they nnderstonil that in armistice had heen arranged. "We are not proposing an armisici." replied the l-'reiielt commandern-ehii f. "I don't krow what yon are alking about." "lint we have come to obtain an irinistice." the spokesman of the German party protested. "Oh." said Koch. "you have come to u'c for an armistice." "Writ," the Gorman hesitated, "I suppose you miclit put it that way." The official record is said to conain this lino: "Tho Gorman delegates then hotrtrod or an armistice." Joseph II. Eastman of Massachusetts. has been appointed a mom er of tho International commerce commission, succeeding* George \V. Vndcrson. recently appointed a Federal circuit judge. Tho Germans have returned to Vance twenty cases of religious ornanents, etc., taken from Rheims. / - TRAIL OF THE THIRTIETH Returned Officer Tells of Famous Flnhtlnn Mvkinn * ' SU,,"S ( THE BEST SOLDIERS IN THE WORLD , t < Nothing Could Stand Before the f Splendid Boy??Obeyed Their Officers Except In Holding Back?When It Was Fighting to Be Done, That ' Was Their Business. The following Is from a recent issue c of the Greenville News: t The first personal narrative of the c heroic work of the Thirtieth Division t in France and Belgium was brought to t Greenville yesterday by Captain Kobt. r E. Craig of Hartsville, commander of r Company L, llsth Infantry, who is a here for a short time while en route to t the base hospital at Biltmore, N'. C. Captain Craig landed at Newport r News, on November 17 and is suffering i from bronchial asthma which he con- s traded while in the trenches. t Captain Craig told last night of the c wonderful work the Old Hickory divi- p sion did in the great war and express- \ ed the regret that he was not able to be with them at that memorable date d when they completely shattered the f supposedly impregnable Hindenburg v line. "You have never seen such eour- n age, such absolute loyalty as these men displayed and they have accom- s plished a feat that generations will b herald." He said, "When they come d ? .v. ,..fnr Jiuiut: invy aic viutuvu iv w.. wst, .v. t they are none other than our saviors." t: The Thirtieth Division upon landing t in Flanders was iirst billeted at Mont Keinmel. said Captain Craig. This ! sector had seen some of the bitterest h lighting of the war during the tlrst two tl years and was nothing more than a a heap of desolation. "I could not in my v imagination have painted anything 1 half so wretched." he said. At the k time the Thirtieth arrived the Ilritish p were daily expecting heavy attack by g the Germans and the sight of the stal- e wart Americans as their support al- o most made them crazy with joy. The division remained at this base for g some time and when the attack never h came they were moved up nearer the a front. It was indeed a difficult task to h hold the Americans back, said the cap- s tain, as they could not understand why tl they should not go right in and light n as soon as they got within reach of the lines. c Captain Craig said that his battalion tl was the llrst unit of the Thirtieth Division to enter the trenches, which was some time in the latter days of Juno, r The division was tlrst under shell fire t on Independence Day, July 4, and the v Thirtieth gave the Bochcs a run for f their money. As soon as the men were v in the trenches they began to take a v great delight Jn plciapg off, the snj,mnly although (he British cautioned them ci that their four years of experience had r; proved such to he had practice. However. the old Hickory hoys were out to o light and tile very iirst day his own fi men killed two enemy snipers, he said- o on July just a month after his K " ntratieo into the trenches. Captain c< Craig coinraeted a malady which was tl thought to-he tile trench fever. I'hy- h sa ians later contended, however, that u In- must have been gassed in some way <| as in- contracted bronchial asthma. He o ...... ... ......i...i fV,?? hi< r-otntiniiv and e] sent to the American base hospital in j France, preferring it to Blighty. Here k lie remained until November, when he ri was sent to the I'liitcd States. e< Captain Craig paiil a very high trib- a ute to the courage and bravery of the ci enlisted men. "When the histories of o this war are written the honor for victory should be given to the privates and corporals and sergeants," he said. ^ They are the men that have done the lighting. They are the bravest set of bo>.? in tin- world and every person in ^ the 1'nitcd States should honor them. \l They are ahsolntely wonderful. I never saw a "yellow" man in the Thirtieth ^ I>ivision. 1 never saw a man in the w i'Id lliekory wail when he was wound- v ed. I have seen them shot through 0! the limbs, hold their wounds and ask j, their comrades for cigarettes. You cannot heal men who light like that. . is 1 would be willing to wager that for cverv casualty in our division there O! were live in the enemy's. As a citation of the way the enlisted ... men fought. Captain Craig told of the heroic act of Scrgt. tlardner. a big. broad-shouldered man in his company () of w hom he was justly proud. During an attack early one morning Sergeant (iardner was leading his platoon just ^ l>ehind the creeping barrage tire when suddenly they ran upon machine gun interference from the Germans. The n machine mm was scarcely twenty feet away and could have wiped out the w platoon in a seconds- Instantly ^ Sergeant Gardner recognized the peril ^ and with the steadiness of a veteran' drew his automatic revolver and in four clean shots annihilated the ntachine gun crew. Such acts as these j were numerous, said the captain, and account for the wonderful success of the division. Speaking of the German machinegun tire. Captain Craig said that the ^ men of the Thirtieth absolutely refus- ^ ed to take a Boche machine gunner prisoner. The operators of those death ( dentine devices were never given the SI least bit of mercy, he stated. For that reason the German commanders se- ^ lei ted their bravest men for machine guns and they were great fighters. "Any impression that the Germans are ^ cowards would vanish if one could have seen the way, in which they held to their posts, realizing that there was ^ absolutely no hope for their lives. ^ Captain Craig was in the hospital at the time of the big drive when the Thirtieth Division penetrated the Htn- , denburg line and established its name ^ as one of the greatest fighting units in France. He had opportunity, however, to talk with some or the oincers wno were engaged In the tight and told of many interesting details of it. The boys ^ took the Germans by storm, he said, and nothing on earth could have stop- ^ ped them. But the tine aid given by the British artillery was indispensable to their success, and cleared the way for them to a certain extent. The British dominated the enemy in big guns and their barrage was nothing less than a sheet of steel. It was in- is credible to believe that even the small- t< L'St insect would live in that lire, the I said, and yet men lived through it. liave heard German prisoners say taat :he British barrage was hell," he a*n;>hasized, "and I have seen them Tun 'or their dear lives when the barrgxe .vas concentrated upon them." Captain Craig said that his companyvent into battle with 236 men and ?me out with 56 of its original personnel. * SERVANTS OF HUMANITY. 'resident Wilson Has the Right Conception of the Peace Conference." "I am confident that the big couneil if statesmen of the world will be aole o reach a Just and reasonable solution if the problems that will be presented o them and thus earn the gratitude of u?. mnot nritiral and leceasary service which has ever been endered it," said President Wilson inin interview last Friday, referring go he approaching peace conference- i The interview was given to the corespondent of the London Times. Tn t the president is reported to holfce tated his views on the discussion flt he freedom of the seas and to hl.TO ontrusted the evils of the Vienna com? ;ress with a hopeful outlook for t& "ersailles congress. f Lord Xorthcliffe, editor of the Lon>on Times, has given the Associated ress a copy of the interview, from . hich the following extracts have befn inde: t The congress of Vienna, the con?pondent spys President Wilson top iim, was a congress of "bosses." T?s elegates were concerned more wifri heir own interests and the class|ft hey represented than the wishes heir peoples. "Versailles, as President Wilson said." the interviewer continues, "mug e a meeting place of the servants ft he peoples represented by delegate* nd headed, 'there is no master mipfl .ho can settle the problems of toda>. ( there is anybody who thinks M nows what is in the mind of all po*. les, that man is a fool. We have afl ot to put our heads together and pofi verything we have got for the benelg I I flU IUUili9 W HK'II li 1 C VUlliiliVli w uiy ^ Asked whether he would visit tbp ( l-and fleet, President Wilson said th?tL e was afraid he would not have tinif, { dding that he fully realized that b? ( ind the great armies there was tt& trong. silent and watchful support v^f ( he British navy in securing the con^ j lunication of the Allies. "He referred also to the very hapi^ ( omradeship and co-operation betweep" he British and American navies." > j The correspondent then adds: "President Wilson, in discussing tlib ole of the British fleet in the mnirt enance of what, at any rate during tria j ,-ar, had been the freedom of the seas or the free people of the world, spokn ^ .*ith a sincerity which no amount qjf f writing can convey. His accents cojt> < jprefl an* IwJ'Pvar t?- Jfco eney and honesty of the Anglo-Saxon f we. He said: " It is essential for the future peace f the world that there should be the ankest co-operation and most gener- ^ us understanding between the two j ngllsh-speaking democracies. We [ mprehend and appreciate, I believe, le grave problems which the war has . rought to the British people and fully j ndorstund the special international ( uestions which arise from the fact s f your peculiar position as an island f inpire." ^ The correspondent declared that he ft the president "with tlie assurance inging in my ears that he desired to ( a-oporato with the British and with ( 11 the Allies in securing with their ( itunsel a new state of affairs throughlit the world." j( HEROIC NEGRO COMPANY, 1 ieutenant Tells What He and Hie n Men Went Through. c The letter given below was written s y Harry X. Shelton, a Columbia negro 1 bo is a lieutenant in Company C, f hree Hundred and Seventeenth In- ( intry. He is the son of X. S. Shelton, c ho for 24 years was in the mail ser- f ice and who resigned voluntarily sev- 0 nil years ago on account of his health o Recently N*. S. Shelton has been doing 1' irpenter work at ('amp Jackson. He f i one of the most respectable negro 1: ion of Columbia and is well thought li f by all who know him. n The letter follows: d My Dear Mother: n "By this letter you will know that oil has answered your prayers and li titt I am spared thus far. t "It is only through the goodness of ie Lord that I am here, for I have eon through the test of steel and fire. "Our last drive was of such that will ^ icr live in the minds of the Frenchion. "Our regiment has been brigaded 0 ith the French and wo were in the r ist drive and stayed on the 'square 11 eads'' heel until we knocked them 1 ver the border. a "My company, single handed, cap- a ired one town and a battery of artil- c ry with several machine guns and * rnmunition: also drove the Boches 18 v ilometers all in one day. r "Of course with the French we took 8 >veral towns and liberated people who 11 ad been prisoners for more than four ears. a "It was pitiful to see the people 1 anting out to meet us crying and * nging the praises of the American ildiers. It was a very cold morning 1 nd they served us hot coffee. 8 "Our splendid work (my company) 1 as been confirmed and we have been ecorated for same. v "But we were constantly under the 1 eaviest shell and machine gun fire 1 hat soldiers ever went through, but * lod took good care of us- g "And I want you to thank the pastor nd members of Lad son Presbyterian hurch tor their prayers, and tell them hat they were answered. Also that hey must continue to pray for me. "I will be home to see them soon. "I have been in front line and the rcods for the last 123 days and I am icky to get a letter to you. ' So at all times you must accept the iil for the deed. "And when you don't get a letter rom me you must not worry. "I haven't received a word from my lsurance yet."?Columbia State. Twenty thousand demobilized Italin soldiers are desirous of returning > the United States. - I THE POTASH MONOPOLY. Goes From Germany With the Prov- < ince of Alsace-Lorraine. J The cotton farmers of the south will rejoice over the loss to German? of the world monopoly of potash. They have felt the dire need of this fertilized ingredient since the out- ( break of the war in 191-i,. says a Washington dispatch. Dr. Felix Dinner, the financial edl- ( tor of The Berliner Togeblatt, in discussing the economic effect of the loas of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany, points ( out that Alsace-Lorraine is. .t>ot only ^ one of the most highly -tfeveloped manufacturing parts of the empire, , but also, what is far more importMtL one of the chief sources of raw ma terials with which Germany is not any too well supplied. .T 1 "The loss of raw material is findl and Irreplaceable. The mere mention 1 Jf.ore, potash and petroleum Is suffl- 1 uient to indicate the significance of ( Alsace-Lorraine as regards raw ma- ? terials. "It is stated that as to petroleum, j Alsace produced prior to the war 42 per cent of the total amount of 120,- * )00 tons of crude oil produced In Germany, and while the yield has In- J n-eased somewhat lately, it is still of dlght importance as compared with 1 :he total German consumption of pe- j :roleum. The potash deposits are of 'ar greater Importance, both from an ? economic and politico-economic standjoint. It 1s true that the potash deposits in the other parts of Germany r ire more than sufficient for domestic ^ onsumption and export. But the loss \ >f the Alsatian deposits (about 10 * nines belonging mostly to the German potash syndicate) will deprive ' Jermany of the world, monopoly vhlch it has heretofore enjoyed and ake away from it one of the 'few weapons of economic defense. While he statement in the Allied press to he effect that the Alsatian deposits trill be sufficient to provide potash ( or all countries outside of Germany nay be exaggerated, the fact remains a hat the loss of these deposits. Is of ^ 'Xtreme importance. The potash npnopoly, the writer asserts, enabled r > a Anlw 4a ftv thn np(f>na fnr ^ JU1 II1U.I1J IIUI ..... 'oreign markets above those for doneatic consumption, but also to offer 1 kO Important product in exehang for 1 w materials produced by coilntrles I1 lependlng on .German potash. The * oss of the Alsatian deposits will' herefor? put an end to the independ- s ;nt export policy of Germany as re- * rards potash and will force It either ^ o cut prices or .enter Into an Agree- ? nent with the new owners of the * Vlsatian deposits. "The most severe blow will be the E oss of the iron ore deposits. It is r t&fe to state that without tk^acqutsiion of the Lorraine iron orf .deposits 6 Iry 1871 the astonishing development J ew million tons the German iron nntfteel production increased within the t( wo decades preceding the outbreak of 11 rnr to 19,000,h00 tons, far outdistanc- w ng the British production and being '' O.OOO.OOO tons behind the American '' iroduction. The importance of the Lor- ,a nine deposits is not indicated Ijy the ron and steel production of Alsace- ? gtrruinc (2.2S6.354 tons in 1913), but '' >y the fact that the entire iron and ,J teel industry of the western part of " Sermany, particularly in the Ithenish " Vestphalia and Soar districts, de- n icndcd to a large extent on Lorraine nincttc. The Lorraine and Ltixcmmrg mines (the Luxemburg mining " ndustry being closely connected with " hat of Lorraine and the separation 1 f lxjrialne will probably mean tin- " oss of Luxemburg as a member of the f. icrinan Custom union) supplied in 913, 2S.500.000 tons of Iron ore out of " i total of 35.000.000 tons for the whole a if Germany, or 77 per cent on the ba- ^ is of metallic content. The loss of ? xrraine would, therefore, mean that '' or a large part of its iron ore needs *' I j U'rmany would dt-pond on foreign ~ i ?_.j I) ountries, while in laia u lmjior.eu oreign ore to the extent of about 14,- " 00,000 tons, with the metallic content " if 7,700,000 tons. It is true that flernany will still be able to import ore il rom Sweden. Spain, Russia, and. |>er- s laps, even from Krnnce, but the raw ' naterinl basis of its industry will be a [arrowed to such an extent as to en- " langcr is malnteance and further K levclopment." * Experts here think it will not be a ong until cotton growers can have all 1 he jKitash they need. HAIG AND THE WRITERS. t" Iritish General Appreciates Work of ^ the Press. Field Marshal Halg came to Colgne Monday morning writes a cor- { espondent of the Associated Press to aake his initial tour of Inspection of ( he territory occupied by the British ^ Jong the Rhine. Immediately on his rrival tho British commander in ^ hief proceeded across the famous iohenzollern bridge for .a meeung rith more than a score of war corespondents representing all the :reat newspapers of the Allied and ^ leutral countries. The occasion was in the nature of i farewell to the writers, who have t >een accredited to British general leadquarters and who finished their abors when the British completed ^ heir occupation of the territory asigned to- them under the armistice. c n a brief address the field marshal ^ xpressed the deepest thanks for the cork done by the press in presenting ^ he truth of the war to the world and ^ he hope that the correspondents n lenceforth would devote their ener- Q :ies in advocating everlasting peace. . No Swell Heads. "Do not let us get swell heads over _ .... ... r ? ? ruvraAns Ilir Victory me samr aa uluci lid after 1870," said the field marshal. v "I wish to thank you," said General Idig, "for the gTeat services which g ou have rendered during this war, s vhich indeed has been the greatest var in history. I know that you have iisplayed untiring energy and con- g empt for danger in following the a he troops in all their offensive act- r ions. I know ycru have done your ut- ^ nost to give accurate and complete a n formation to the public through the v rreat journals which you represent t Is Impossible to do more than you rentlemen have done. I "You of the British press from the i beginning: of, the struggle liave carried out your work with complete success. Your dispatches have helped to give hope and courage to our families |. at home and to enlighten the public ' as to the magnitude of Great Britain's effort In the great cause of freedom. The Allied press representatives have cemented the bonds of union be- g tween our Allies and ourselves by spreading the truth in their respective countries by presenting our efforts in 1 their true perspective. Thinks of Basset. "At this moment of triumphal victory your fallen comrade Mr. George, Basset Is in my thought. "The correspondents of the United States have by their accounts of the f< steady devotion and courage of the b British soldiers tended to bring about S i better attitude in America towards ei the British, thc> have had a large al share in producing the mutual esteem k vhich now exists between the two ti rountrles. May this feeling develop ti ind long continue. s< "I have also to thank those repre- a sentatlves of the neutral press who oi lave left the security of their homes 01 md who out of love for justice and oi air play, have borne testimony to vl vhat they have seen on the British oi ront. In no previous war have the u'elations between the army and the sc tress been so entirely satisfactory. o> Jcrhaps that is one reason why we bi ire at this moment s'anding on one t >ridgc over the Rhine. si "I hope henceforth that your efforts ti nay tend toward universal peace, universal good will ajid closer union be- ci ween the peoples represented by the or loble soldiers whose deeds on these (attleflelds you so ably have chron- m cled." tii 1 ' fu WHERE GUNS ARE TESTED. pi th )rdnance Department Leaves Noth- [ ing to Chance. 0f On the greatest ordnance-testing re- ol ervation in the world,, which is at vt ibcrdoen, Md., every shell that goes 8|, .cross is fired at least five times; |jf very shipment of shells or bombs is ^ horoughlV tested, and every hand gre-' inde is put through its paces to see vhat it will do to the enemy. jn Ail day the guns, big and little, +Y\aIw ooit-nfl of*rnM f!hnsa >eak? Bay. Big airplanes soar over- ar lead and drop bombs which tear great cc raters In which was once peaceful se arm lands. Trench mortars of all lzea'and. varieties hurl their whizzing ^ irojectlles over the landscape. Gas m uojectsrs discharge what seems SJ. be 'large tin cans Into the air? ju . asless here, but, loaded with deadly m ume? "over there." And the din Is a tfbr* than the naked car of the lay- lfl nan* can stand. ~ k( "Wie m<y?t thrilling experience of the w liy wA the ^alrplanb raid on -the tl( ?mJbj0fi^nr" fldA^ Them was ^ y>n? T&mb \m find gave the specta- {a Drs u n.,.. f^fire. Krorn this tower. wj early 100 feet high, stretches north- ,h rard for several miles a broad, flat . xpanse of meadow, land torn up by ^ omb craters. Coming up from the o|, viation field, thirteen miles south, at ;|]| n altitude of 3,000 feet, a squadron c< f three Curtiss planes, each carryig throe 100-pound high explosives fe. oinbs, flew, one by one, over the |n( rtver. Almost while they were over j);| . they released their bombs, the mo- an lentum of the craft carrying them on jrward onto the field. y One could see the boinb from the lotnent it drop|>ed from the plane jn nlil it hit the ground, throwing a os loud of sand and smoke fifty feet in (.r he air with a terrific detonation. The bombs penetrate thriv or four el Into the ground and in a molent a sheet of flame bursts into the (|.( Ir and lilazes lor fifteen minutes. ()>| Vh en one of these bom lis is dropped W( n a German warehouse the owner s|j oesn't have time to move out for the y(( xplosion of the bomb throws the m, quid flames in all directions. The (j(i ombs are loaded with a highly inamable material of a secret compos- . ion. At the main proof battery stands _ n array of field guns of all calibres. to iege guns ;und machine guns, naval ^ uns mounted on raiiway trucks, antiircraft guns mounted in automobile rucks and on permanent mounts, and iant howitzers with their noses i?oint- an ig out for twenty of thirty feet. Field | rtillery carriages of all kinds used b> to he army are also up for testing. ^e Salvaging Army Shoes. ? Worn wi hoes washed in' big steam-roller tubs an he same as your collars are washed 'ol aek home and punctured and badly 10 rounded rubber boots patched and :i ulcanized by the methods the tire l>a lan used in the garage?these are 1 ivo of the hurry-up ways in which Pa he army salvage plant at Rlois, ,lr 'ranee. Is cutting time and labor in <lc taking old shoes and boots into now. No other shoe plant in the world ashes shoes in a laundry machine, an he salvage men say. Soaking hard- m< nod shoes in oil vats Is another new al( ?ature. ,ni In repairing rubber boots, big-scale or perations have produced more novel tJ:i lethods. For instance, there's the rying of iioots after they have been tir horoughly washed. The boots are tw laced, soles down, over hollow tubes ut of which rush contlnous blasts of m ot air. After all the torn parts have been ' S ut away and the edges cleaned?per- t0 aps the whole heel and half of the in ole must be taken off?the boot is hoved on an iron last of exact size. 8U Jxpert tire repair men then build up at tew fabric in the holes, using strips m f raw leather, and a molded heal if ^ ecessary. Then the boot is clamped n ?. steam-frame and baked until the na-fa a?*o o a Qnlift n q the old. th Shoos that can't be repaired are not d< fasted. French girls shrod their up- Al >ers into leather shoe strings each ^ hoe making seven or more strings.? T itars and Stripes. ^ it Official figures, just made public, ei ive the number of persons w?tnded w nd killed in Paris during Grman air aids and with the long range guns is luring the four years frt ^e war, with f< . total of 1,211. A tota of 396 bombs t) re re dropped in the city limits ?< w King Victor Emanuel and Queen a Sleanor and retinue of Italy, are visit- m ng Paris. a ^ A YEARNING FOR HOME leo of the Army'Are Impafleil to f Get Oat E-ENL1STMENTS NOT VERY POPULAR Remaining Soldier* at Sevier Awaiting Their Turn at Discharge at Patiently at They Can; But Taking Put Little Interest In Military Work. I By Jaxni'S D. Grist. Camp Sexier, December. 20.?We llows who didn't Ret to go across, ut who foasht the Baltic of Camp evier and battles in other camps and entonmcnts on this side, are to billowed to wear service stripes in town nt oni- service. That ts. We are > be allowed to wear thorn if we see t. Personally 1 don't think i shall e tit. Still, I am aware that 1 have habit of changing my mind pretty tin. According to war department ders recently published in camp, all titers and enlisted men whose serIce was on this side are to be allowed le stripe of silver braid worn on the It sleeve for each six months of Tvice. The fellows who served rerseas are allowed one stri|>e ot'gold aid for each six months of Service, here are lots of us who think the lver isn't nearly so pretty and atactive as the gold. Many of the fellows, though, in this imp have already tacked the silver i their sleeves and strut around camp id around the streets over in the city ke a big buck negro on Emancipate day. In fact, local dry goods and irnishlng houses have had an un ecedentod demand for silver braid lis week and have already sold out. saw one lad yesterday who was out luck in his quest for the silver ttn y. So he sewed on his coat a reused sergeant's chevron which coasts of three stripes of flannel of a fht color and he was walking down le street and holding his left arm timbo so as to show oft his service ripes just like any of 'ejn. Tailors the city and tailors out at camp tve been making quite a piece of lange by sewing the braid on coats id a number of lads have actually axed their best Greenville girls into wing the braid on for them. Mesa .sergeants of the various commies in camp are now working on enus for a most sumptuous Yuletide read for those fellows whose hard ck It will be to spend the Christastide in camp. There will'be qqite number of us?certainly more ian 5,000 at a rough guess. The tur>y ration on Thanksgiving day was as more than a poundUper maa and lere were oysters and pork ..c^ops id chicken and steak and other e mess sergeants with whom I have Iked, that meal was a regular th the feed they are going to give , eir respective organizations Christ is. Details are now out hunting for e holly and the mistletoe for derations and the mess sergeants are ready ordering the extras such as lery and olives and fancy cakes, ackers and nuts for the coming ist. Still 1 heard a fellow say this jrning that he'd a blame rather esit m ami eggs at home than caviar d trlmmins here, and I wasn't the ly man who exclaimed kind of inluntarily like?'Amen, buddy.' The various welfare organizations camp?that is. the "Y" the Hostit House, the Jewish Welfare Workit,' the Christian Scientists. Luthers, Hostess House and Knights of dumbus workers, are sticking it out ito the entl and the remaining soli-rs find entertainment at these cents each evening just as they were >n't to do when there was not the ghtt'St sign of pence u|>on the horin. The various workers are not as my in numlier as they were before mobilization of the troops was bein. because as the number of men s diminished, necessity for their rviees having been diminished. The ajoritj of thein appear to be as glad get their discharge as do the teg iiriy I'llltmru UK II. VVI luumi. ....... e ;i few that will hold on as long as issible lor the sake of the job. I have made that statement before id 1 know hundreds of other men tio have made similar statements, the effect that they wouldn't have en out of this man's army while the ir was on for anything In the world id that they wouldn't stay in it any nger than possible in time of peace r any consideration. Well, 1 saw company of more than 300 men ,ck up their statement yesterday, ider a recent ruling of the war dertment, any soldier whether he he aftee or regularly enlisted man who sires to re-enlist may have the ivilcge of entering any branch of e sendee he might see fit to go into d in addition to that be given u onth's furlough and a month's pay ong with it. I heard a first sergeant ike that announcement to the 3o0 more men in his company yestery. How many do you think re-enited? Just one. He was an old ner who has already seen more than enty years' service in the army, is hair is getting gray and furtherore he is one of those fellows who isn't the energy or the pluck or the :uts," or whatever you might want call it to take a chance at getting to something better. He knows that he does a couple'of more hitches or ich a matter, Sam will pension him something like fifty or sixty a onth. He requested transfer to Fort cDowell out in California where, as ; put it, "I can lay out in the sunine all the time." Don't you think at the Incident was plenty of evi>nce of the fact that the average merican doesn't regard the army as \y place for him in peace times? he four million or so who let every ling go to the dickens and went into when their country called is plenty idence that it is their place in the ar times. Somehow the breaking up of camp i like unto seeing a division depart >r services overseas, an experience lat I have twice had since I started >ldiering at Camp Sevier. When one orks and eats and sleeps and plays rith fellows for a term of weeks or onth no matter who they are or from 'hence they came, he naturally be comes more or less attached to the most of them at least and as his friends and acquaintances get th? u discharges one by one and t.oke their departure for home?this one in New York, that one in Maine, this fellow to California and Hill Sintthcrs to Alaska and another to Wyoming, etc.. why it naturally causes him a little fcelnc. of regret and sadness. Ho wonders whore ho will see thorn again and tindor what circumstances. Despite th-fact that it's mostly a game of "root hog or die. devil take the hindmost." and all of that, some follows get awfully (hick and chummy iu this army. In the course of the twist Jwo or three works 1 guess I have made memorandum of the names and addrcss.s of "mote than a hundred fellows, I fiends and acquaintances of mine from everywhere. Of course 1 ha\e I promised everyone of them to drop in on* 'em some time in future yenrs. And every Moomiit' one of them made me the same (loiwtee. WU1 we." Maybe?hut hardly! , DOGS OF THE ARMY. Soldier Boys Insist on Having Their Pets. Hatred against the I ratal Huns did not destroy tho otherwise affectionate disposition ?>t our boys at tho front. The) accumulated pits of all kinds and when peace is actually here, says Air. .Martin Green, in the New York Evening World, there will be the biggest landing of nondescript elements in the animal, bird, and reptile kingdom since Noah made port on Mount Ararat. Dogs uro the favorite, however. Canim s of eyery dcscribable breed were picked up b> the soldiers in d? vuslated territory evacuated by the Germans and civic population. Found under such circumstances, Mr. Grc< n observes, dogs are very grateful and affectionate to the meft who rescue and adopt tlutn. And they soon accommodated themselves to tho tnov. incuts and vicissitudes of their new masters. They might lie around and enjoy themselves when the sun shone, or cuddle up on blankets and snooze when It was raining. Hat there was a L'li-ni difference when the order came to move, and he thus describes It: The dogs know as soon as th?> m< n tliiit action Is coming, and the chorus of yelps and barks that goes up is distracting to persons not familiar with militury l'fo in the Held. If an infafttry unit is moving the dogs of the doughboys tramp along with them as long as they are afoot. When a dog gets tired he is carried or put on a truck or supply-wagon. How the dogs manage to tlnd their niast< rs after hours n* ? sometimes days of separation of the woMrfXTll VJife^' diera say that tti,-,-^* inent is a lar?. body of men: but the men got to know the dogs in a general way, and besides most of tindogs wear identification tags, just like those worn by tin- men, suspended around their n< eks l>> the regulation tape, iCut unmarked dogs onlost and found regularly, and it is tinmore remarkable because in our cleanshaven army all soldiers look pretty much alike. Hurried movement, espeeially at night, rouse the dog pets of thearm> to a frenzy of exeiternent. I was awakened from a sound sleep in a hotel in Soissons one night last spring by tin- barking of dogs. The chorus was t? rrilleally clamorous. I went t<? the window and saw. passing along the narrow street l-'rem-h soldiers, in motor-trucks, hurrying up to the Disc, which tin- lit iinans were approacliing in their Mtirch offensive. The dogs made as much noise as the rumbling ot wheels on tin- rough stone iNivement and the sound of the engines of the trucks. Xot a light showed m the long earn van?which passed through the eity all night, by i.. ....... I.... ?.in i,f flu. itwliulinr-l movinc mass i-iinn- the voices of the soldiers' pots raised in unconscious, but none the less sincere, tribute to the rhiirm of the life of the soldiers. The docs a re not allowed to bark, thouch. when the v are close to the enemy, or when a surprise attack is in preparation. They apiK-ar to know the necessity for silence wlien their masters tell them to keep (|ll|et. Itften as a measure of precaution they a re buried away under a pile of blankets so that even thouch they liark the sound shall not be heard. Of course there are many tlsrhts umonc the pets, and creat talcs are told of the prowess of certain docs, and sometimes the owner of onetluhtitiC doc will casually take his pet to the vicinity of the camp of another soldier who Is reputed to own a fieldine doc. Winn the men co into action the docs are left behind and many a |s-t watches with anxiety in his eyes for days and days for his soldier master who (Kitted him on the head and went away and did not return. Grog.?A croc-shop is a low saloon and ctot? in modern usage Is any kind of stf-onc drink. The word originated in the Hritish navy in a curious way in 1740 or thereabouts. It sums that Admiral Vernon ft bluff disciplinarian. anxiouH about the health of his sailors. when he was in West Indian waters diluted their daily ration of rum with water b? cause he thought neat spirits were too strong for the men in the tropics. The men grumbled among themselves, .and whenever the admiral appeared on deck they would say. "Here comes old firog!" referring to a raincoat of grograin which he wore. He 1-echme in the navy as "Old Graff." and thefl : luted rum which he ?m-d named for him. His grogram was made of a course weave of hair and silk, stiffened with R shed the rain. The wortliOtt^^P^^P^^HMB corruption meaning coarse weave ^rQ^ The had ington. on hoard of one of hI made his famous Ca rtagen a i n H is described by Smollet^^Ha^^TO^|P^^B^M^^^W8| admiral his he