University of South Carolina Libraries
^ ISSUED SEH^nSKLT. ???????? ? ^? ???????????i^????TERMS $P r^5 A YEAR IN ADVANCE. u M GRI8T 8 S0H8. Publishers. { % (Jfamilg DftrspajHr: <Jfor th* promotion of th* floliti^t, ^0fflSSgri<aItDi;aI and <?ommei;riaI Interests of th* Jeopl*. I SINGLE COPT, PIVE CENTS. established is.". YORK^sT^. TUESCjAY. ATJGUST(iri918. / " JJO^Og STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENCE Various Matters of Pnblle loterest Discussed. WAR ALLOWANCE tfRIOUS PROBLEM Resolutions Adopted in Favor of the Creation of a Cotton Corporation to Guarantee the Price of Most Important Commodity in Prosecution of the War. Columbia Slate, Friday. The adoption ol four iui|?ortant resolutions, the transaction of miu-h business and tin- delivery of two important addresses, supplemented l>> intelligent comment and a general exchange of ideas, featured what is bvlieVeii to l>e the most constructive litmonthly meeting yet held of tin- state council ol defense. 1>. It. t'oker, chairman of the state council, presided at the business session of the council, which convened ol in o'clock iii the library ot the state house, ami :it the open meeting of tin- county chairmen which followeel at noon. Two of the resolutions won- introduced l?y Mr. ('oker. Tin- first reiiucsts (fiat competent authorities prexcriia* a rt'imily to prevent tin* wives I ami other dependents of ilral'ted men froiu I'orsakiiiK ri-itulur occu|?ations ami subsisting on allowances remitted to them l.y the war departno nt. t>i*-r?-l?v aggravating tin- lalior problem. Mr. t'oker's second resolution ill reel s the attention of the |>reslifent ami congrcxs to the needs and merits of the cotton situation and proposes the cstahlishuient of a government Una need eoriMiration. The other two resolutions, liotli ol which were adopted during the second session, were introduced hy William I tanks, state explosive ins|M-ctor, the lirst deprecating the sale and use of tireworks during the |ieriotl of the war and calling upnn munieipalities in the state to forhid either; the second urging niemhers ol county defense organizations to he on tin- alert for slackers, for those who ahusc the system of (laying allotments and for irregularities deserving ol puiiishment. Mr. ('oker opened the business ses sl<in witli a short and tclliiiK prcseiitHtion of Ilia' needs of thi- shite Illiteracy commission. Tin- council. reali/liiK th*' llliil of aililitlailiul lands to oruani/i' ami initiate the work, appropriated $1,000 to In' placed at the disposal of the commission, of which Dr. ratterson Wan I law is chairman. The executive committee of the council has liccn enlarged hy the apIm11111incut of three aililitional mcmhers, this increase having ln-eii necessitated hy the increased duties ami rcs|Minaibllitics incident to wider activities. itohert McDougal of I'olum' his. W. A. Stacker of KWhupvilie and ; Horace I,. Tilghmnn are the now members of tin- committee. A decision was made to apfioint a committee on reconstruction and readjustment after the war. This commit lee, at thi' conclusion of tiic war. will occupy itself with problems regarding the tlnancial. business and educational recommendation. Similar oruani/.ntions have lus-n formed in other stall's and other countries and by the exeliatiKe of ideas and plans between the*' several agencies it is thought the work will be cx|icdilcil. At the rei|iiest of national council <>r defcuso olllcials. a committee win Ik* npisdnted later whose function will lie to cu-o|K*rate with the existing state committee on vocational trainin*;. A booklet which tixcs tin- tlnaneial obligations ami the legal status ol ill at tecs, both from the state ami national view|uiint. is being prewired umlcr the direction of state council ollieials and will soon be available for dlstrtbutloil. In order to aid the recently re-organized woman's division, the council has appropriated $3f>0 which is to In used to secure the services of a woman field organizer for three months. Mr. t'okor's llrst resolution, which was introduced at this |K>int and which will Is* sent to Washington, reads as follows: "Whereas the council of defense is informed that the labor shortage in the state is being rendered more acute by the leaving of their accustomed vocations iind the living In idleness of the wives and other dependents of drafted men who formerly were engaged in regular vocations but who also are now living ii|s>n the pity allowances regularly remitted to them by the war department, and "Whereas, The cro|*s have always been largely hoed and gathered by women, and any considerable shrinkugc in this class of labor added to the already great shortage of labor would make it impossible to gather all the crops on time and in g?>od condition. and would thus affect the council of defense of South Carolina; that the attention of the governor, war department and our senators and congressmen is called to this situation with the request that an appropriate remedy be applied." Following the adoption of the above declaration. Mr. Ookcr offered a sec ond resolution which, with the preamble. read as follows: To Uphold Cotton Price*. "Whereas. The secretary of the treasury has announced that a fourth Liberty loan will be offered this fn.ll. &nd "Whereas, The success of our military operations depends upon the cnrrytnK out of the financial programme of the government, and "Whereas. The ability of the people to subscribe to Lil>erty bonds depends upon their respective cost of production plus a profit for their agricultural products, and "Whereas, Cotton is one of the great money crops of the nation which the world requires, and "Whereas. The price of cotton until recently has averaged so low that the cotton lalwrer and the cotton planter have generally received such meager returns that the scale of living, the 1 financial programme and the educational development of the south have betm kept below that of other sections of the country, and "Whereas. The 1917 cotton crop has turned out a fair profit which has enabled oqr people to advance In ev ?r> way and to fairly support the financial programme of tin- government. and contribute their full propoition to l.im ficont war activities, and Whereas. Owing to unusually favoruMi' 'seasons. the .shrinking consumption due to war conditions and tin- lack ?d available ocean tonnage, the l'Jls crop may In- considerably more than the world consumption, and Whereas, Should the 191S crop sell lielow the cost of production the cotton states could not subscribe their i|iiotas oi the fourth and subsequent Liberty loans and might be forced to market government securities already owned and thus add greatly to the burdens of other sections of the nation and imperil the financial programme of the government and the success of the war, and "Wis-reus, The control of essential war material by the I'nited States government would be a tremendous factor In enforcing just terms ot peace. "Therefore, The council of defense of South Carolina considers that the cot ton situation presents national phases of prohahle danger and sufficient to call for action l?y the national author Hies; arm. ineremre, oc u "Unsolved, That the attention of the |ircsi<lent of the United States and the congress lie directed to these phases, and that we direct their attention especially. "First, to the irniMirtance of providing all tire freight rooms. both for domestic and export shipment, wiiicli tin* exigencies of the war will permit to In* assigned for the transportation of cotton. "Second, to the desirability of providing ample storage rooms under government auspices to take care of the probable crop surplus. "Third, to the desirability of enlarging the facilities of the Federal reserve bank for the handling of cottun paper. "Fourth, that we suggest for consideration the formation of a government financial cotton corporation similar to the grain corporation, which incor|s>ration shall be instructed to buy the surplus or probable carry over from the litis crop at a price eipial to the average cost of production plus a profit sufficient to enable tin* cotton producing states to discharge their obligations toward government financing. The alteration of such a plan would necessitate the regulation of cotton production during the period of the holding of stocks l>\ the cotton corporation. A most beiiellcial collateral result would be a great increase of fitods so necessary to file prosecution of the war." Student Enlistments. |)r. \\*. S. Currell, president of the Fnlverslty of South Carolina, and ivcently appointed state director for student enlistment in the United States army, explained the movement U>_4fce council and mutt?tart in operation of that hotly. Dr. CurrolPn exposition of the new plan provoketl much comment from the floor, all of which was favorable to the new movement. Young men with college qualitienHons can l?est serve their country bygoing to college and taking the training that will tit them for officers' |h>sitions. It was predicted that ttie war will likely last two years or perhaps longer. The mistake which the university and college men of Kngland made at the beginning of the war by forsaking their studies and entering the light is now evidenced by the dearth of olllcer material in that country. it was tlie consensus of opinion that the plan as explained hy Dr. furrell was a commendable one, and a committee consisting of the state director. President Itiggs of Clemson college, and S. II. Kdmunds of Sumter, was appointed to prepare and publish bulletins for general distribution. High school graduates will be urged to go to college for the same reason that collegiiuts are being urged to remain at their studies. The disposition of this matter closed the business session of tlie state council and the body, augmented by the chairmen of the county defense councils. began the second session at noon. The following members of the state council of defense attended both sessions: William Hanks. Columbia. K. It. Muckingham. Kllenton; F. A. Ilurroughs, Conway; T. C. Calllson. Lexington; S. T. Carter, Columbia; D. K. Cokcr. Hartaviiie; iru h. Dunmp. I took Hill; Kev. U. T. Harmon, Kingstree; l)r. (leorgc Y. Hunter. Prosperity; \Y\ I. Jones, Ba block; Dr. James A. Hayne, Columbia: Dr. Lee Davis IahIko, (inlTnev; H. H. Moss. Orangeburg; J. J. McDevitt, (Ireenville; Robert McDongal, Columbia; C. E. I'erry, Ridgeland: A. C. I'helps, Sumter; Mrs. J. Otey Heed, St. (Jeorge; \V. M. Itiggs, Clemson college; Reed Smith. Columblu: John T. Stevens. Kershaw; \V. A. Stuckey, Bishopville; A. Clifford Thompson, Charleston; < ieorge Waterhouse, Beaufort. Noon Session. S. H. Edmunds of Sumter, state director of the boys' working reserve, who had been especially invited to address the council, spoke of the interest being taken in the work of the reserve in other states and the support which was being accorded the movement by various commonwealths. Forty-two counties in this state are now organized, the speaker said. Heal patriotism is not spectacular, Mr. Edmunds continued, and this idea must he instilled into the minds of youth of the country. People have erred who have taken the work of the reserve lightly. The quasi-patriot, the man who doesn't know that America is right, the man obsessed and awed by the vaunted German proficiency, for such Americans so-called Mr. Edmunds expressed his contempt. Those who seek to cloak selfish motives under the veil of patriotism were denounced, and paraphrasing the apothesls of Madame Kowlund to the Statue of Liberty when she faced death on the guillotine, the speaker continued, "Oh. patriotism. how many follies are committed in thy fair name!" Mr. Edmunds advised all those who couldn't be loyal to this country to remove to another to which they could be loyal. The remark was loudly applauded. Lexington is Banner County. The reserve organization is active- | ly at work in 3J counties in tin* state. Ijcxinfrtnn county with an enrollment of 300 hoys is the banner unit of | South Carolina. Mr. Edmunds said that there was some misapprehension <>n the |n?rt of parents as to the object of the movement. He etnpha sized the fact that the reserve does ' not recruit fiotcntinl soldiers for the military establishment and that when I a l>oy obliterates himself and becomes a member of the organization he en gages to assist in th?- vital industries I of the nation exclusively. It wnsl( |M)inted out that school hoys could assist in gathering crops after school hours and that in this way this new work would not conflict with their studies. Mr. Edmunds said that $240 of the fund appropriated hy the state council to carry on the work of the reserve had been spent and a motion was adopted allowing $300 more for the fontInuation of the work. No Fireworks Should Be Sold. After :t short discussion the following resolution was offered by* William Hanks and accepted: "Resolved, That it is the opinion of tite state council of defense that it is unwise for the sale iuid the use of fireworks to he permitted in this state during the war, .and the state council hereby calls u|M>n all municipalities in the stiite to forbid the sale of lireworks under any consideration." A copy of this resolution will be sent to the cities and towns throughout the state, and it is expected that this aetion of the council will result in the elimination of the Christinas destruction of explosives thnt could lie used to a decidedly better advantage in other ways. Mr. Hunks's second resolution was adopted after he had explained briefly his object in drafting it. Its provisions are as follows: "lb-solved, That the chairmen of the county councils for defense lie urged to call upon all members of county organizations to be on the lookout for slackers, for persons Improperly drawing allotments lor the services of relatives in the army and for other irregularities which should be punished severely by the civil or military courts." Arthur Mucmahon, who is representing the state council's division of tlu- national council of defense at the health institute, was next called upon by Mr. Coker. Mr. Mucmahon said that his mission is to obtain certain information ;tnil data during the health institute, which will, II' round meritorious, he recommended for employment in similar movements in other states. He praised the accomplishments of the hi-monthly meetings and commended the broad views of the men who direct the work of the council in this state. The South Carolina council ranks fifth among all the state councils and is a pioneer in many phases Mr. Macmahon spoke of the urgent necessity of employing every means to preserve the health of the people at this time. This matter is largely in ,thc hands of the people themselves. With tlie ranks of the civilian practi- . tinners decimated and tiie demands for physical stamina and endurance , ever on the increase the preservation . of health devolves upon the masses a ( pat riolic duty inasmuch as it hnsl, been demonstrated, if the statement is ,, not a truism, that only those who are , physically lit arc cai>al?lc of the j greatest exertion. A national health | movement which will embrace all j states in which the work has already j been undertaken will lie inaugurated , within a short time. I Hofore adjourning the session, Mr. | Coker asked that all present should r attend the opening meeting of the f health institute in Chlcora college , chapel at 3 o'clock. Practically the ( entire number of state officials and f county chairmen accepted the invitation and attended. * t Following is a list of the county ' chairmen who attended the open meet- t Ing yesterday afternoon: t (icorge Wntorhou.se, J. E. Wanna- I maker, Pr. Lee Davis Lodge. C. L t Hunley, Itev. O. T, I'orcher, Dr. J. H. > Johnson, f>lin Sawyer ropivst nting J. 1 I. Hazard. J. M. Haines, K. H. Olnn, ' P. A. Hurroughs, H. K. Purdy, It. E. ( W\lie, Pr. It. E. Hughes, Dr. D. M. f Crosson. Dr. (J. Y. Hunter. It. T. I Jaynes, Douglass McKay, It. O. Hut- i chinson representing lten Hill Hrown, < A. S. I'helDs. John W. O'Neal. t , m , ( Fire Destruction in Constantinople. ?Lack of dwellings, already great in j Constantinople, was Increased by the devastating fire of May 31, details of ' which are given by the Balkan correspondent of the Nieuwe Rotterdamshe Courunt. Its ravages added to the general misery of the Turkish capital, where the spotted typhus still carries olT an average of 30 victims daily. Living there is frightfully dear, and the intestinal disorders which the warm season brings every year have arrived , earlier than usual owing to the inade- ' quate food. The fire was caused by a lighted clgar.-tte being thrown into the corner of a room. Over a distance of two and a half miles it spread, right across old Stamboul, from northeast to southwest. burning away a strip of from a third to five-eighths of a mile wide Halfway on the course the flames : branched out in a southornly direction. * Ten districts of the city were swept and more than 5,000 houses. 20 baths, a dozen bazaars and ten mosques were destroyed. More than 200,000 persons were left homeless. The burned district is almost in the center of the city. Government offices and the houses of a number of high officials were hastily evacuated, as well as the principal hospitals and schools In the vicinity. ( * * I . A few nights ago a patrol of six i Indian Scouts went out to see what < they could learn about the Germans i facing the Americans on the western 1 front. They crept up to a chateau t where a group of high German officers j were having a wine banquet. At a pre-arranged signal and with blood- i curdling whoops they hurled several I hand grenades through the windows ] into the chateau. When the Indians i returned to the American lines they i reported:- "Heap noise inside, perhaps heap dead." < WORK OF A PRESS AGEN1 Damaged Stock Worked Off If Ad verflsing. VUMEROUS INCIDENTAL EXPERIENCE! Description of a Long Trip by Motor cycle on a Somewhat Peculiar Er rand, With a Record of Some of th< Incidents that Befell. Correspondence The Yorkville Enquirer. Camp Sevier, July 31.?I've got ? job that's quite different and In disinct contrast to the Jobs of more han a million soldiers here and ovei here. I'm a press agent. I like mj ob and wouldn't swap places with anj najor or colonel in this great army rhe reason, perhaps. Is because 1 mow a little, maybe, about running he job I have. So far as running a najor or a colonel's work. I know a* ittlc about it as I know why elder? ind deacons fall out over South Caroina politics. As press agent it's m> ob principally to preach the principle >f economics among my fellow solllers, more especially to guard against vaste; because the side that hns thf nost food is going to pretty nearly vin this war. Of course it's going tc ie the Allies?I mean the United Kates. My job, though, covers more teritory than merely preaching econonics through newspaper articles, noving picture slides, placards and xisters. It's my duty to promote rood feeling among soldiers and tc ry to make them glad they serve in inch a cause. The great majority vere glad when they came in the service. It is true that a thought or a void or deed here and there helps, n a word, publicity, all kinds of pubicity, that's how I help fight the dun. They who "cuss" newspapers mist ndmit thnt publicity is one of he greatest weapons being used in his war. All this is by way of introduction to i story I am going to write, different rom most of the camp stuff I have ieen writing during the past ten nonths or so. My commanding ofIcer ordered me on the carpet the ither day and informed me that Camp Sevier had 250 tons of hay and 75 ons of oat straw it wanted to sell. Phis hay and straw has been dammed by rain and while the great maority of tt is perfectly good for feed, he outer layers of the. bales aren't. Tnole Sam demands thnt the hay his lorses and mules eat be good in ev>ry particular. It's a good thing oth r folks aren't so particular, othervise we couldn't sell this hay. The C. O. said he wanted to sell his provender for whnt he could. He's he head of the division of this camp hat watches against waa^e and quite iaturally be. irnlafis ihnL* ffhr a'TonfbF^FiFwbStter than inving it go up in smoke. He told ne he wanted me to advertise this my and oats for sale, not only ln Ireenville but throughout this section, 'm doing, it, and If folks don't come liter that stuff It won't be my fault. fn company with another publicity linn I went to Anderson yesterday idveitlslng thnt hny sale. We adverised among some "hay-seeds" along vith goo<l farmers and merchants ind people generally. The trip was nnde on a motorcycle with mo drivng. If the lnd with me had known was never on a motorcycle in my Ife prior to a month ago, he would lave been more frightened than he vas at times because occasionally I et that bike out at 40 or so. He told ne that several times he heard the efrain of "Lead Kindly Light," and iaw the tips of white wings and oth r things. He nlso told me he had onsidered entering a theological icminnry before entering the army. There are some twenty stores, counry stores, between Greenville and \nderson. and we placarded them horoughly along with the several villages through which we passed. At 'iedinont, a thriving little town some welve miles out of Greenville, two oldlers on a motorcycle tacking advertising posters proved a little of a lovelty. The barber and the drug vlerk and the pool room loafer and leveral farmers (the kind that don't ike to cut grass) came out and gave is the once over. I could see that >ne or two of them thought right off he reel thnt we were deserters. It lid look suspicious. One chap winked at a companion md remarked to my comrade after he lad read the placard he had just xisted: "Gointer sell hay, eh?" xep. "Why, don't soldiers eat hay?" "Not unless It's soaked In whisky," oolly returned my fellow publicity nan without cracking: a smile. If the joaher had been a cow or a lorse or a dog he would have tucked lis tall between his legs and beat It. s'ot having any tall, he beat it any10W. It's no easy Job driving a motor:ycle thirty miles along muddy roads rnd stopping every few minutes to ack up a sign. Having my hands ull managing the bike, my mate did nost of the tacking. He qualified as i Camp Sevier carpenter or a bill xyster for Ringling Brothers' circus, -'oiks down that way know all about he hay that Camp Sevier wants to tell. Coming back by the town of Belton, iad roads were encountered for sev>ral miles. 'One great big mud hole lad been crossed safely when we msaed a negro funeral part?. "That's a sign of bad luck," comnented my oassenaer in the motor :ycle side car, as he wiped a dash of middy water from his eyes. He had hardly gotten the words >ut of his mouth when biff?the mo;orcycle hit another creek in the -oad. the carburetor or differential ot exhaust or something struck my leg ind a stream of Are poured Into it It hurt. It still hurta But one ha? ;o pay to ride a motorcycle and tc ldvertlse hay. Seeing a likely looking tree for advertising purposes near the scene o( this catastrophe to me, a placard was placed upon it As it was being done in old gentleman walked up to us and inquired: "Be you hunting that German prisoner who escaped from up yonder al |? Sevtfjl?*tother day?" I the German prisoner is tiackjpl captivity." suh. I didn't know that. I ain't"jjfc?n nothing about it in the i \ .4W|8hun." 'TjBgGreenvillr Piedmont and the . GreeSmic News print all the news * abouHjjhe camp all the time." I said. icoflt too much," he says. "1 Constitution a whole year fer ed to impress upon him the the local paper; but remempensjir fuddenly that I was in the arrtiR-.^jpd advertising hay and not new sparring any more, I didn't. "mB be the matter with that hayffvjjjqulred the old gentleman fee. i-Wf?over the placard. "lt|^n settled on it," said my partner. ? "\V!W* don't the government use it anyjjfw^" he next Inquired. AJxny regulations prohibit the use of a?y ^provender for army animals exi Dt that which comes up to certain spcdj^cctlons," said my companion. "ItPCkon |( will go pretty cheap most' of it?" came from our interrogator. Wight" "MfrU, I 'spect I'll be up there on the ftth of August to buy some o' that 6ay or look at It anyhow. Keekl on ill see you boys then." Tl* he went his way and we hunt* for another tree. There will be one Sin to come to see what's in this hay business for him. MB fellow press agent said he hoped Are would be a thousand (teople ( int Ated in this hay deal. I do too. bccalse we have worked darn hard , to let 'em know about it. ii ^vu uuii i umevv nn nuuu- ju.> driving a motor bike sixty miles placarding the countryside and with a burrA leg to boot. Just try It. Drilling Wfth an Enflcld Isn't the hardest , job? the world! i Jas. D. Grist. ?FICHTING IN THE AIR Calls for Quickness of Thought, Pluck and Endurance. Hrilns and quickness of thought anas necessary to the airman as pluck, endurance and physical skill In aerial manoeuvres. The English pilot of a singlft?aeator fighter of the latest typo, while cruising all over the German linos the other day, writes a correspondent with the American army in h'ninoe, saw below him three slow, old-fashioned enemy machines flying staadily westward, us though to cross thai nes Into British territory. fin ortunately, the Germans wore Up> f r off to be attacked successfully, j and he British pilot figured that if I they feallied his presence they would l ft# t home and safety long before he ec feB jhet within range. He thereI Bn^pp Into tho clouds and then Tg^^^^G^dJxectlon in which the Judging hlB time, he pushed the nose of his machine downward, dived out of the clouds to the Germans beneath, and, when close enough to be fairly sure of his mark, pressed the trigger of his gun. A stream of lead played about the German machines. None of them returned his fire. Once before the pilot hnd heard of a similar occurrence. This flashed through his mfnd, nnd pulling back the control lever, he soared up again into the clouds. He was only just in time, for as he vanished Into the vapor three enemy scouts ? appeared. The slow machines were the bait and the Ilritish airplane was the expected prey, for its pilot was well-known and feared by the Germans In that part of the line. Once he knew what the odds were against him, he no longvr hesitated. Down once more out of the clouds he came, straight at the nearest scout. A shot hurst from his machine gun and the hostile machine wavered, then slowly fell Into a .spin, hurtling downward and crashing far below. The odds were still five to one. True, three of the enemy machines were slow and old-fashioned, nnd tak, en alone might have been accounted for one by one, but the ndditlon of two fast-flying scouts manoeuvred by skilful pilots gave the matter a different aspect. The British pilot did not wait, but no sooner had one ma, chine fallen than he flew nt the next, backin, zooing, sideslipping. ever trying to reach the vulnerable spot in the enemy armor. All the time the second scout was trying to" secure a favorable position to Are at the attacker nnd the three old two-seaters were firing long-range bursts as opportunity afforded. For some minutes this competition for position continued, each party firing short bursts without definite result. Then suddenly th^ deciding factor arrived. Out of the sky loomed a two-seater British fighter of the latest type. It was proceeding on a special errnnd. Before the Cermans had realized his arrival the new pilot steered his machine Into the midst of the fight. A long burst from his rear gun caused one of the German fighters to stagger In Its flight, then drop Its nose and leave the cpmbat. Evidently the pilot bad been hit. Then together the two British machines charged the Germans. A short skirmish ensued before the enemy decided that discretion was the better part of valor and ( put their machines Into spins to evade their adversaries' fire in the low altitudes close to earth where the anti-aircraft batteries would pro, tect them. i i m i The commercial cotton crop for the season of 1917-1918, which ended July 81, Is placed at 11,906.971 bales ' by H. G. Hester, secretary of the New Orleans Cotton Exchange. In a i statement Issued August 1. This to tal 1* more than 1,000,000 bales leas i than those of the two preceding sea sons. A year ago the crop was placed > at 12,040,014 bales and the preceding , year 12,018,25*. War conditions and i Inability to move the staple were ,rei gnrdsd as the principal reasons for the decrease. The consumption of cotton in the south, Ur. Hester places at 4.102.741 bales as compared with 4.I 357,425 last year and 4,044,556 the > year before. In this market the conI sumption total Is regarded as large In view of tbe labor troubles with which mills in the south have had to con: tend.. RESTRICTION OF CREDITS ? ? CI Federal Reserve Board Makes Very J; PlalD Statement. SPECULATION LOANS NOV PROHIBITED j; Bankers are Told that They May Furnish Money that is Necessary for j the Conduct of Enterprises that are Necessary for the Conduct of the War; But Not for Ordinary Specu- (r lation. p( Washington, August 1.?The Federal reserve hoard thinks it the appropriate time to issue a statement expressing its views upon the principles which should guide the action (jj of the banks in the curtailment of unnecessary credits. n, It is clear that if the war require- |({ ments of the government are to be ,1( financed without undue eximnsion of banking credits, not only must there S(, be some reduction of existing credits. of but there will have to be applied a t.j rigid check upon the further expati- ,0 sion of credit in directions not clearly essential for the prosecution of the in war and for the health and necessary J(, comfort of the people. It is no more ^ possible to superimpose upon the vol- jn ume of pre-war credits the immense aj volume of additional credit required by the government for war purposes than to superimpose upon the volume Sl, of pre-war production of goods the immense volume of additional goods re- ,0 quired by the government to prosecute eg the war. Our problem is to convert W( less essential into more essential credit and to convert less essential to u. more essential production and distri- l() hution of goods. The saving of credit ga and money goes hnnd in hand with the saving of labor and materials in K. the programme of adjusting the liusi- st ness of the nation to a war basis our best hope of uvolding competition be- o( tween the government and its citizens ,.s for credit, money, labor and materials .u which con only result In credit and price inflation and higher costs of vj living. Is saving. sl, As trustees of the individual hank- tT ing credit of the country the hankers are charged with the duty of studying |U and understanding the programme in t,s order that each and every one may In in turn educate his borrowers njid the W( people of his community to the ne- pr cessity of saving credit as well as food f() and other materials, and may there- ,,0 by conserve the credit of his bank by the use of the government as far as nr may bo practicable. It is not the purpose of the board m to suggest the specific ways in which )n credit should be conserved or unne- |n cessary expenditures curtailed: onch Wj banker must determine this for him- p, self. The board can only discuss the subject in general terms with em- fr ph&sts on the necessity ?that while ac nrw? nation ilwsU mitor ^ taken promptly it should be carried out gradually with reasonable discretlon nnd with the least possible avoid- jn able embarrassment to the business jn individuals and industries. Proper education of borrowere and customers w to the needs of the situation will ac- fn complish far more than nhrupt dis- , criminal ion or pressure. ( ^ In the alisence of any ollleial classl- t0 fleatIon of the more essential and the s( less essentlnl things and enterprises it will be necessary for each banker in determining how ho may do his share in the conservation of credit to A use bis own judgment. There seems to be, however, two clearly defined groups of loans: 81 (a) Loans to facilitate production or or distribution. (b) Loans for non-production or 8C non-distributive purposes. Loans for Non-productive or Non- is distributive Purposes. >' Loans for non-productive or non- 01 distributive purposes are usually loans '"ii for non-essential purposes. The fol- ?' lowing are typoB of this ckiss of It loans: ? ai Loans for purchasing or carrying property, whether real estate or per- I" sonal securities: tl Loans or additions to or improve- f? ments of property not used in productlon or distribution. c< Loans to states or municipalities for ti improvements. ai By inquiring the purpose for which each new loan is required and dcclinlng wherever practicable to grant " loans of these classes nnd by gradu- Sl ally causing existing loans of these classes to be reduced or eliminated 111 I stokers could conserve credit without 8X causing hardship and also give many ? people an impetus to save at a time when saving is of vital importance rt to the nation. ct Loans to Facilitate Production or Ois- a tribution. is The three main groups of borrow- g( era for production or distributive pur- (a pones are rarmers, mnnuiacturers. and merchants. ' m 1. Farmers.?The farmers are be- ^ ing asked to produce more than ever (fl before and loans_for productive purposes must have the right of way. Hut the kind of loans which should be discouraged or declined are; (a) Loans for the acquisition of ad- w ditlonal property, urless the area un- ^ der production is to be increased thereby and Immediate results may be oj expected. o) (b) LoanR for any construction not necessary to the productiveness of the aj farm within the year, and j (c) Loans for the purchase of at - jQ tlcles of comfort and luxury. In sections where farming profits have been large an endeavor should f be made to induce farmers to apply m a good portion of them to the reduction of long-standing loans or to the Q, financing of their seasonal requirements, thereby conserving bank cred- j " 2. Manufacturers ? Manufacturers j, who are making large profits should be urged to reduce or extinguish their ' debts rather than Increase capacity Q| and output unless the industry' b one which is clearly necessary to the prosecution of the war. All manufoc- yj turers should be urged to carry as _dl small inventories as practicable, to eliminate from their products ele- Je ments which add to Its cost but not to its Intrinsic value and serviceability ^ or which are Introduced simply for w fashion or appearance; and avoid "as L far as practicable introducing new | fliyies uuruig uic w?m. | i * Manufacturers whose product is not learlv required either for the proseution of the war or to maintain the calth and efficiency of our civilian opulation should l?c urged to assist io government by adopting at least a art of their plants to the manufacire of articles clearly required for lese purj>oses. Bankers would do well > scrutinize carefully the credits of lose' engaged in industries not clearessential for these purposes since ich industries are likely to be' the rst ones to suffer interruption frifci onsportation, fuel or power ombarH'S. 3. Merchants.?Almost the same ingestions that have.lieen made with 'gard to the production ol goods by anufucturers mu> be applied to the stribution of goods by merchants, unely, reduction of stocs carried, duction or elimination oC that i>oron of their stock consisting of ariles of mere fashion or luxury and ic substitution of plainer and more rvlceable articles, and the avoidance the introduction of new styles in othing, articles of personal comrt. etc. The board feels that it would be ipractlcable to deal with the subct more espeeiallj at the present me, but urges that every one assist the movement to the best of his ility. 1 lie Mtinlvinir and iimlerst:i iiiIiiilt i' economic necessity for the conrvation of credit. J. Hy careful analysis of each loan ascertain those which are the least sential to the prosecution of the ?r. 3. liy applying to each ioan the st. "Is it necessary for the prosecujn ot the war or the health ;uul fety of our civilian population?" 4. Hy urging his local trade orLnizatlons and hoard of trade to udy the subject and make definite commendations for the conservation credit and the conservation of less sential to more essential production id distribution. 5. Hy discussing the matter with a cw of educating fieoplc to the iivccsly of keeping their demands for edit at a minimum. G. Hy exerting influence u|hiii his -ighliors and municipality to reduce :jH'ndltures for improvements to v inimutn during the iicriod of the nr. l'ost|?nentent for every im ovement not ahsolutely necessarj r the hciilth and safety should heime u national |>olicy. 7. Ity acting always with discretion id reasonableness. The conservation of credit and oney will result in the saving of hor and materials which the governent needs for the prosecution of the nr. and every improvement or ex nditure which an individual, a corirutlon or a municipal.ty refrains om making during the war reprents a requirement to lie fulfilled fien tTie~war is over. ^ ^ ? * Merchants anu manufacturers will adily understand that present savg is laying up for the future an lportant reserve purchasing power hleh they may count on during hatever ncriod of read iustment mav illow the end of the war. and it ust In* apparent to every hanker int the larger the savings his cusmers make the larger the deposits ich savings will inevitably create. SOISSONS Gr?at Railroad Center of Much Strategic Importance. The National Geographic society isles the following geography bulletin 1 Soissons: "Tho Btratogic Importance of Sois>n?, a city of 14,000 inhabitants at the me of the outbreak of the world war, due chiefly to the fact that it is a reat railroad center. It Is situated 1 the left bank of the Aisne, 25 miles ist of f'ompiegne and 35 miles west Ithetnis. On the l'aris-Laon railroad is 65 miles northeast of the capital, id 22 miles southwest of Luon. "Before the war. Solssohs was an imortant center for grain trade of norlern France, and was especially noted ir its haricot beans. Its most flourish ig industries were iron and copper >pper foundries, boiler and agriculiral implement factories, straw hats id glass works. "Soissons is one of the oldest cities i France- Before the advent of the omans, it was the chief city of the uessiones, who held 12 towns of Gali Helglca. Divltlacus. one of their lost powerful kings, extended his vay even beyond the sea, among the ritons. "The city's present status as a rail>ad center Is an inheritance of many nturies, for in ancient times it was starting point for military roads to helms, Chateau Thierry, Meuux. I'ar, Amiens and St. Cjuentin. it was at )issons that Clovls, King of the Saln Franks, defeated the Roman gen al, Syagrius, and it was here that he arrled the Christian princess Clotlli. Three years after the marriage le king and three thousand Franks ere baptised. "A short distance down the Aisne, i tho opposite bank, are the ruins of te famous Abbey of St Medard, here Pippin The Short was crowned f St. Boniface, the pupal legate. It as in this abbey, also, that the famis Abelard, of the Abclard and Helse memory, is said to iiave been imrlsoned. In this vicinity, too, Thomi Becket, the fighting English prelate ( Henry II's time, lived during his ng sojourn in France. Louis the Debnair, one of the most unhappy of rench Kings, made enforced stays >r its haricot beans. Its most flourish* >ns. "No doubt when the present war Is ier. Soissons will erect a second monment to commemorate those of its tizcns wno nave laiien oeiore me lthlesa warfare of the Hunt*. In the lace de la Republique there was ected In 1901 a memorial to the citi?ns shot by the Germans in the war r 1870." Feels .Safe.?In his speech at Green llle Thursday. John T. Duncan, eanidate for governor, said that he was iangerous to such fellows as Quiln." I don't see how he could be. When [cLaurin smashed his face at Greenood, he did no more than pull Mcaurtn's hair. And I have no hair.?Fountain Inn ribune. ... INCREASED WAR TAXES Revenue From Most Luxuries to be Practically Doubled. Washington. Aug. 1.?Doubling of the present special taxes on manufacturers of tobacco, cigars and cigarettes and increnscd taxation of brokers. theatres and other amusements, billiards and pool parlors. l?owling alleys and capitalization of corporations were agreed on by the house ways and means committee today in framing the $S.000,000.000 revenue bill. A new tax of one per cent on retail sales ol' mail order houses doing more than lloo.ooo antfual business was adopteil. Pullman seats anil berths and passenger rates will be subjected to a uniform tax of eight per ecnt. Stamp taxes were undisturbed. Chairman KtU'lnn alter the committee adjourned summarized the Hit nation' as follows: "Wo haw put a tax ot ono per oont of rotail sales on nutll order houses that have al?ove $100,000 annual business. We have increased the special taxes. Brokers now under a special tax ot SMi will pay an annual tax ot $100 and if they are members of a stock exchange or board of trade engaged in buying nnd selling, will pay $-'50 annually. We have increased the tax on pawnbrokers fiom $50 to $100; shiphrokcrs from $J0 to $50; customhouse brokers from $10 to $50. Moving Pictures. "Theatres, including moving picture shows, museums and concert halls, having a seuting capacity of not ovet 250 iMOpIc will pay an annual tux Increased from $25 to $50: seating capacity between J50 and 50<i. increased from $50 to $100; 5oo to sOO seating cu|Micity, increased from $75 to $150, and all over S00 capacity, increased from $100 to $200 annual tax. We have doubled the present special taxes on theatres, circuses, bowling alleys, billiard and pool places, and on manufacturers of tobacco, cigars and cigarettes. "We have put a new spcciul tax on sales ot seats on stock and produce exchanges oi 10 per cent on the sale price of the seats, and on annual dues of these exchanges a tax of JO per cent on the amount of the dues. This is to put thetn on the same basis as clubs and other organizations, already put under tax. "Pullman seats and berths under present law taxed 10 per cent and passenger rates eight per cent of the amount |Niid for tickets or coupons. We today agreed to make the tax on " ?- ?-->- ?? Thia mil ll in uii-nv i if,in |n i vim. was ;it the request of the director general of railroads, who wanted Untaxes on thi-iii made tin- same to simplify the mileage coupons about to he issued. We imposed a lux of 10 per cent on the sales of yachts. "We considered the stamp taxes in <ha pitwcnt-iaw mid- (iiff gill ri'Mfiili ns at present." Excise Taxes. Mr. Kitchln announced that undi-r the action of the committee so tar the excise taxes would produce nhoiit $1.000,000,000 which includes beer, whisky, automobiles, soft drinks, gasoline owners and slmilnr taxable subjects. This is it bout one-hull of the amount allotted to commonly termed luxuries and non-essentials, but Mi. Kitchln said the allotted $2,000,000.000 under this head would In- levied. Taxation of tobacco manufacturers but not retail dealers, was considered by the committee today. The tobacco schedule us adopted provides that 00 days after the passage of the new law and thereafter on July 1 ol each year a special tax computed on the basis of sales of the preceding llseal year will be made as follows: Tobacco manufacturers with annual sales not exceeding So.ooo isiiinds. a year; 50,000 to 100,000 |>ounds, 112; 100.000 to 200,000 jMjunds, $21; all in excess of 200,000 jtoiimls, 10 cents [s-r thousand pounds; sigar manufacturers with annual salt* not exceeding 50,000 cigars, $4; not exceeding* 100,000 cigars, $fi; not exceeding 200,000 cigars, $12; not exceeding 400,000, $21; altove 400,000, 10 cents per thousand cigars; iMantl#iin?llMNi ft rw-l 11/1 inir CinUICllU laiiuidviuiv.n, small cigars weighing not more than three pounds per thousand, 3 cents for every 10,000. A proposal to tax cotton was rejected almost unanimously. Reprcsenta live Moore of Pennsylvania, proposed a tax of S3 per bale, which ho contended would produce S333.000.000 a your revenue, but its opponents Immediately suggested a tax on grain and anthracite and similar articles produced in the north. Only Representatives Moore and Fairchild, New York, voted for it. Mr. Moore also proposed a tax on dogs, which the committee veted down. Duties of Officers.-^Jeneral Peyton C. March, chief of staff of the army, in his address to the graduating class at West Point some weeks ago dwelt upon the duties of officers and urged that they should strive to fit themselves always, for higher leadership. And among other things he said: "The war in Europe has shown fully and conclusively that personal courage is the commonest attitude of mankind. All nations have it. It is not dependent upon traditions, ancestry or the righteousness of cause for which men fight Tho regular, the volunteer, the draft man, all have It. * So in order to take your proper place In the military machine, to make a proper return to the United States for your education and training, It-1? cot sufficient to tight bravely and to die gallantly. You will tlnd that your associates, from whatever aource lateen will do that as well as you. You will be confronted by perfectly organized military machine. That machine is going to be smashed, and the only way it can be smashed in by superior leadership on our part" That General March has a gift of eloquence as well as military genius, was evidenced a little further along in this same address when he told the young officers before him that they were "face to face with the most glorious adventure in the history of the world a modern crusade where so entire nation without thought of territorial aggrandizement or of material gain, has planted its standard upon the soil of France in order that freedom shall be guaranteed to posterity." "Go in," he concluded, "and win." y Hi '