Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, August 06, 1918, Image 1
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established is.". YORK^sT^. TUESCjAY. ATJGUST(iri918. / " JJO^Og
STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENCE
Various Matters of Pnblle loterest
Discussed.
WAR ALLOWANCE tfRIOUS PROBLEM
Resolutions Adopted in Favor of the
Creation of a Cotton Corporation to
Guarantee the Price of Most Important
Commodity in Prosecution
of the War.
Columbia Slate, Friday.
The adoption ol four iui|?ortant resolutions,
the transaction of miu-h business
and tin- delivery of two important
addresses, supplemented l>> intelligent
comment and a general exchange
of ideas, featured what is bvlieVeii
to l>e the most constructive litmonthly
meeting yet held of tin- state
council ol defense.
1>. It. t'oker, chairman of the state
council, presided at the business session
of the council, which convened
ol in o'clock iii the library ot the
state house, ami :it the open meeting
of tin- county chairmen which followeel
at noon.
Two of the resolutions won- introduced
l?y Mr. ('oker. Tin- first reiiucsts
(fiat competent authorities prexcriia*
a rt'imily to prevent tin* wives
I ami other dependents of ilral'ted men
froiu I'orsakiiiK ri-itulur occu|?ations
ami subsisting on allowances remitted
to them l.y the war departno
nt. t>i*-r?-l?v aggravating tin- lalior
problem. Mr. t'oker's second resolution
ill reel s the attention of the
|>reslifent ami congrcxs to the needs
and merits of the cotton situation and
proposes the cstahlishuient of a government
Una need eoriMiration.
The other two resolutions, liotli ol
which were adopted during the second
session, were introduced hy William
I tanks, state explosive ins|M-ctor, the
lirst deprecating the sale and use of
tireworks during the |ieriotl of the
war and calling upnn munieipalities
in the state to forhid either; the second
urging niemhers ol county defense
organizations to he on tin- alert
for slackers, for those who ahusc the
system of (laying allotments and for
irregularities deserving ol puiiishment.
Mr. ('oker opened the business ses
sl<in witli a short and tclliiiK prcseiitHtion
of Ilia' needs of thi- shite Illiteracy
commission. Tin- council.
reali/liiK th*' llliil of aililitlailiul lands
to oruani/i' ami initiate the work, appropriated
$1,000 to In' placed at the
disposal of the commission, of which
Dr. ratterson Wan I law is chairman.
The executive committee of the
council has liccn enlarged hy the apIm11111incut
of three aililitional mcmhers,
this increase having ln-eii necessitated
hy the increased duties ami
rcs|Minaibllitics incident to wider activities.
itohert McDougal of I'olum'
his. W. A. Stacker of KWhupvilie and ;
Horace I,. Tilghmnn are the now
members of tin- committee.
A decision was made to apfioint a
committee on reconstruction and readjustment
after the war. This commit
lee, at thi' conclusion of tiic war.
will occupy itself with problems regarding
the tlnancial. business and
educational recommendation. Similar
oruani/.ntions have lus-n formed in
other stall's and other countries and
by the exeliatiKe of ideas and plans
between the*' several agencies it is
thought the work will be cx|icdilcil.
At the rei|iiest of national council
<>r defcuso olllcials. a committee win
Ik* npisdnted later whose function will
lie to cu-o|K*rate with the existing
state committee on vocational trainin*;.
A booklet which tixcs tin- tlnaneial
obligations ami the legal status ol
ill at tecs, both from the state ami national
view|uiint. is being prewired
umlcr the direction of state council
ollieials and will soon be available for
dlstrtbutloil.
In order to aid the recently re-organized
woman's division, the council
has appropriated $3f>0 which is to In
used to secure the services of a woman
field organizer for three months.
Mr. t'okor's llrst resolution, which
was introduced at this |K>int and
which will Is* sent to Washington,
reads as follows:
"Whereas the council of defense is
informed that the labor shortage in
the state is being rendered more acute
by the leaving of their accustomed vocations
iind the living In idleness of
the wives and other dependents of
drafted men who formerly were engaged
in regular vocations but who
also are now living ii|s>n the pity allowances
regularly remitted to them
by the war department, and
"Whereas, The cro|*s have always
been largely hoed and gathered by
women, and any considerable shrinkugc
in this class of labor added to
the already great shortage of labor
would make it impossible to gather all
the crops on time and in g?>od condition.
and would thus affect the council
of defense of South Carolina; that
the attention of the governor, war department
and our senators and congressmen
is called to this situation
with the request that an appropriate
remedy be applied."
Following the adoption of the above
declaration. Mr. Ookcr offered a sec ond
resolution which, with the preamble.
read as follows:
To Uphold Cotton Price*.
"Whereas. The secretary of the
treasury has announced that a fourth
Liberty loan will be offered this fn.ll.
&nd
"Whereas, The success of our military
operations depends upon the cnrrytnK
out of the financial programme
of the government, and
"Whereas. The ability of the people
to subscribe to Lil>erty bonds depends
upon their respective cost of production
plus a profit for their agricultural
products, and
"Whereas, Cotton is one of the great
money crops of the nation which the
world requires, and
"Whereas. The price of cotton until
recently has averaged so low that the
cotton lalwrer and the cotton planter
have generally received such meager
returns that the scale of living, the
1 financial programme and the educational
development of the south have
betm kept below that of other sections
of the country, and
"Whereas. The 1917 cotton crop has
turned out a fair profit which has
enabled oqr people to advance In ev
?r> way and to fairly support the financial
programme of tin- government.
and contribute their full propoition
to l.im ficont war activities,
and
Whereas. Owing to unusually favoruMi'
'seasons. the .shrinking consumption
due to war conditions and
tin- lack ?d available ocean tonnage,
the l'Jls crop may In- considerably
more than the world consumption, and
Whereas, Should the 191S crop sell
lielow the cost of production the cotton
states could not subscribe their
i|iiotas oi the fourth and subsequent
Liberty loans and might be forced to
market government securities already
owned and thus add greatly to the
burdens of other sections of the nation
and imperil the financial programme
of the government and the
success of the war, and
"Wis-reus, The control of essential
war material by the I'nited States
government would be a tremendous
factor In enforcing just terms ot
peace.
"Therefore, The council of defense of
South Carolina considers that the cot ton
situation presents national phases
of prohahle danger and sufficient to
call for action l?y the national author
Hies; arm. ineremre, oc u
"Unsolved, That the attention of the
|ircsi<lent of the United States and the
congress lie directed to these phases,
and that we direct their attention especially.
"First, to the irniMirtance of providing
all tire freight rooms. both for
domestic and export shipment, wiiicli
tin* exigencies of the war will permit
to In* assigned for the transportation
of cotton.
"Second, to the desirability of providing
ample storage rooms under
government auspices to take care of
the probable crop surplus.
"Third, to the desirability of enlarging
the facilities of the Federal
reserve bank for the handling of cottun
paper.
"Fourth, that we suggest for consideration
the formation of a government
financial cotton corporation
similar to the grain corporation, which
incor|s>ration shall be instructed to
buy the surplus or probable carry
over from the litis crop at a price
eipial to the average cost of production
plus a profit sufficient to enable
tin* cotton producing states to discharge
their obligations toward government
financing. The alteration of
such a plan would necessitate the
regulation of cotton production during
the period of the holding of stocks
l>\ the cotton corporation. A most
beiiellcial collateral result would be a
great increase of fitods so necessary
to file prosecution of the war."
Student Enlistments.
|)r. \\*. S. Currell, president of the
Fnlverslty of South Carolina, and ivcently
appointed state director for
student enlistment in the United
States army, explained the movement
U>_4fce council and mutt?tart in
operation of that hotly. Dr. CurrolPn
exposition of the new plan provoketl
much comment from the floor, all of
which was favorable to the new movement.
Young men with college qualitienHons
can l?est serve their country bygoing
to college and taking the training
that will tit them for officers' |h>sitions.
It was predicted that ttie war
will likely last two years or perhaps
longer.
The mistake which the university
and college men of Kngland made at
the beginning of the war by forsaking
their studies and entering the light is
now evidenced by the dearth of olllcer
material in that country.
it was tlie consensus of opinion that
the plan as explained hy Dr. furrell
was a commendable one, and a committee
consisting of the state director.
President Itiggs of Clemson college,
and S. II. Kdmunds of Sumter, was
appointed to prepare and publish bulletins
for general distribution. High
school graduates will be urged to go
to college for the same reason that
collegiiuts are being urged to remain
at their studies.
The disposition of this matter closed
the business session of tlie state council
and the body, augmented by the
chairmen of the county defense councils.
began the second session at noon.
The following members of the state
council of defense attended both sessions:
William Hanks. Columbia. K. It.
Muckingham. Kllenton; F. A. Ilurroughs,
Conway; T. C. Calllson. Lexington;
S. T. Carter, Columbia; D.
K. Cokcr. Hartaviiie; iru h. Dunmp.
I took Hill; Kev. U. T. Harmon, Kingstree;
l)r. (leorgc Y. Hunter. Prosperity;
\Y\ I. Jones, Ba block; Dr.
James A. Hayne, Columbia: Dr. Lee
Davis IahIko, (inlTnev; H. H. Moss. Orangeburg;
J. J. McDevitt, (Ireenville;
Robert McDongal, Columbia; C. E.
I'erry, Ridgeland: A. C. I'helps, Sumter;
Mrs. J. Otey Heed, St. (Jeorge; \V.
M. Itiggs, Clemson college; Reed
Smith. Columblu: John T. Stevens.
Kershaw; \V. A. Stuckey, Bishopville;
A. Clifford Thompson, Charleston;
< ieorge Waterhouse, Beaufort.
Noon Session.
S. H. Edmunds of Sumter, state director
of the boys' working reserve,
who had been especially invited to address
the council, spoke of the interest
being taken in the work of the reserve
in other states and the support
which was being accorded the movement
by various commonwealths. Forty-two
counties in this state are now
organized, the speaker said.
Heal patriotism is not spectacular,
Mr. Edmunds continued, and this idea
must he instilled into the minds of
youth of the country. People have
erred who have taken the work of
the reserve lightly.
The quasi-patriot, the man who
doesn't know that America is right,
the man obsessed and awed by the
vaunted German proficiency, for such
Americans so-called Mr. Edmunds expressed
his contempt. Those who seek
to cloak selfish motives under the veil
of patriotism were denounced, and
paraphrasing the apothesls of Madame
Kowlund to the Statue of Liberty
when she faced death on the guillotine,
the speaker continued, "Oh. patriotism.
how many follies are committed
in thy fair name!" Mr. Edmunds
advised all those who couldn't
be loyal to this country to remove to
another to which they could be loyal.
The remark was loudly applauded.
Lexington is Banner County.
The reserve organization is active- |
ly at work in 3J counties in tin* state.
Ijcxinfrtnn county with an enrollment
of 300 hoys is the banner unit of |
South Carolina. Mr. Edmunds said
that there was some misapprehension
<>n the |n?rt of parents as to the object
of the movement. He etnpha
sized the fact that the reserve does '
not recruit fiotcntinl soldiers for the
military establishment and that when I
a l>oy obliterates himself and becomes
a member of the organization he en
gages to assist in th?- vital industries I
of the nation exclusively. It wnsl(
|M)inted out that school hoys could assist
in gathering crops after school
hours and that in this way this new
work would not conflict with their
studies. Mr. Edmunds said that $240
of the fund appropriated hy the state
council to carry on the work of the
reserve had been spent and a motion
was adopted allowing $300 more for
the fontInuation of the work.
No Fireworks Should Be Sold.
After :t short discussion the following
resolution was offered by* William
Hanks and accepted:
"Resolved, That it is the opinion of
tite state council of defense that it
is unwise for the sale iuid the use of
fireworks to he permitted in this state
during the war, .and the state council
hereby calls u|M>n all municipalities
in the stiite to forbid the sale of lireworks
under any consideration."
A copy of this resolution will be
sent to the cities and towns throughout
the state, and it is expected that
this aetion of the council will result
in the elimination of the Christinas
destruction of explosives thnt could lie
used to a decidedly better advantage
in other ways.
Mr. Hunks's second resolution was
adopted after he had explained briefly
his object in drafting it. Its provisions
are as follows:
"lb-solved, That the chairmen of the
county councils for defense lie urged
to call upon all members of county
organizations to be on the lookout for
slackers, for persons Improperly drawing
allotments lor the services of relatives
in the army and for other irregularities
which should be punished
severely by the civil or military
courts."
Arthur Mucmahon, who is representing
the state council's division of
tlu- national council of defense at the
health institute, was next called upon
by Mr. Coker.
Mr. Mucmahon said that his mission
is to obtain certain information
;tnil data during the health institute,
which will, II' round meritorious, he
recommended for employment in
similar movements in other states. He
praised the accomplishments of the
hi-monthly meetings and commended
the broad views of the men who direct
the work of the council in this
state. The South Carolina council
ranks fifth among all the state councils
and is a pioneer in many phases
Mr. Macmahon spoke of the urgent
necessity of employing every means to
preserve the health of the people at
this time. This matter is largely in
,thc hands of the people themselves.
With tlie ranks of the civilian practi- .
tinners decimated and tiie demands
for physical stamina and endurance ,
ever on the increase the preservation .
of health devolves upon the masses a (
pat riolic duty inasmuch as it hnsl,
been demonstrated, if the statement is ,,
not a truism, that only those who are ,
physically lit arc cai>al?lc of the j
greatest exertion. A national health |
movement which will embrace all j
states in which the work has already j
been undertaken will lie inaugurated ,
within a short time. I
Hofore adjourning the session, Mr. |
Coker asked that all present should r
attend the opening meeting of the f
health institute in Chlcora college ,
chapel at 3 o'clock. Practically the (
entire number of state officials and f
county chairmen accepted the invitation
and attended. * t
Following is a list of the county '
chairmen who attended the open meet- t
Ing yesterday afternoon: t
(icorge Wntorhou.se, J. E. Wanna- I
maker, Pr. Lee Davis Lodge. C. L t
Hunley, Itev. O. T, I'orcher, Dr. J. H. >
Johnson, f>lin Sawyer ropivst nting J. 1
I. Hazard. J. M. Haines, K. H. Olnn, '
P. A. Hurroughs, H. K. Purdy, It. E. (
W\lie, Pr. It. E. Hughes, Dr. D. M. f
Crosson. Dr. (J. Y. Hunter. It. T. I
Jaynes, Douglass McKay, It. O. Hut- i
chinson representing lten Hill Hrown, <
A. S. I'helDs. John W. O'Neal. t
, m , (
Fire Destruction in Constantinople.
?Lack of dwellings, already great in j
Constantinople, was Increased by the
devastating fire of May 31, details of '
which are given by the Balkan correspondent
of the Nieuwe Rotterdamshe
Courunt. Its ravages added to the
general misery of the Turkish capital,
where the spotted typhus still carries
olT an average of 30 victims daily. Living
there is frightfully dear, and the
intestinal disorders which the warm
season brings every year have arrived ,
earlier than usual owing to the inade- '
quate food.
The fire was caused by a lighted
clgar.-tte being thrown into the corner
of a room. Over a distance of two and
a half miles it spread, right across old
Stamboul, from northeast to southwest.
burning away a strip of from a
third to five-eighths of a mile wide
Halfway on the course the flames :
branched out in a southornly direction.
* Ten districts of the city were
swept and more than 5,000 houses. 20
baths, a dozen bazaars and ten mosques
were destroyed. More than 200,000
persons were left homeless.
The burned district is almost in the
center of the city.
Government offices and the houses
of a number of high officials were
hastily evacuated, as well as the principal
hospitals and schools In the vicinity.
(
* * I
. A few nights ago a patrol of six i
Indian Scouts went out to see what <
they could learn about the Germans i
facing the Americans on the western 1
front. They crept up to a chateau t
where a group of high German officers j
were having a wine banquet. At a
pre-arranged signal and with blood- i
curdling whoops they hurled several I
hand grenades through the windows ]
into the chateau. When the Indians i
returned to the American lines they i
reported:- "Heap noise inside, perhaps
heap dead." <
WORK OF A PRESS AGEN1
Damaged Stock Worked Off If Ad
verflsing.
VUMEROUS INCIDENTAL EXPERIENCE!
Description of a Long Trip by Motor
cycle on a Somewhat Peculiar Er
rand, With a Record of Some of th<
Incidents that Befell.
Correspondence The Yorkville Enquirer.
Camp Sevier, July 31.?I've got ?
job that's quite different and In disinct
contrast to the Jobs of more
han a million soldiers here and ovei
here. I'm a press agent. I like mj
ob and wouldn't swap places with anj
najor or colonel in this great army
rhe reason, perhaps. Is because 1
mow a little, maybe, about running
he job I have. So far as running a
najor or a colonel's work. I know a*
ittlc about it as I know why elder?
ind deacons fall out over South Caroina
politics. As press agent it's m>
ob principally to preach the principle
>f economics among my fellow solllers,
more especially to guard against
vaste; because the side that hns thf
nost food is going to pretty nearly
vin this war. Of course it's going tc
ie the Allies?I mean the United
Kates.
My job, though, covers more teritory
than merely preaching econonics
through newspaper articles,
noving picture slides, placards and
xisters. It's my duty to promote
rood feeling among soldiers and tc
ry to make them glad they serve in
inch a cause. The great majority
vere glad when they came in the service.
It is true that a thought or a
void or deed here and there helps,
n a word, publicity, all kinds of pubicity,
that's how I help fight the
dun. They who "cuss" newspapers
mist ndmit thnt publicity is one of
he greatest weapons being used in
his war.
All this is by way of introduction to
i story I am going to write, different
rom most of the camp stuff I have
ieen writing during the past ten
nonths or so. My commanding ofIcer
ordered me on the carpet the
ither day and informed me that Camp
Sevier had 250 tons of hay and 75
ons of oat straw it wanted to sell.
Phis hay and straw has been dammed
by rain and while the great maority
of tt is perfectly good for feed,
he outer layers of the. bales aren't.
Tnole Sam demands thnt the hay his
lorses and mules eat be good in ev>ry
particular. It's a good thing oth r
folks aren't so particular, othervise
we couldn't sell this hay.
The C. O. said he wanted to sell
his provender for whnt he could. He's
he head of the division of this camp
hat watches against waa^e and quite
iaturally be. irnlafis ihnL*
ffhr a'TonfbF^FiFwbStter than
inving it go up in smoke. He told
ne he wanted me to advertise this
my and oats for sale, not only ln
Ireenville but throughout this section,
'm doing, it, and If folks don't come
liter that stuff It won't be my fault.
fn company with another publicity
linn I went to Anderson yesterday
idveitlslng thnt hny sale. We adverised
among some "hay-seeds" along
vith goo<l farmers and merchants
ind people generally. The trip was
nnde on a motorcycle with mo drivng.
If the lnd with me had known
was never on a motorcycle in my
Ife prior to a month ago, he would
lave been more frightened than he
vas at times because occasionally I
et that bike out at 40 or so. He told
ne that several times he heard the
efrain of "Lead Kindly Light," and
iaw the tips of white wings and oth r
things. He nlso told me he had
onsidered entering a theological
icminnry before entering the army.
There are some twenty stores, counry
stores, between Greenville and
\nderson. and we placarded them
horoughly along with the several
villages through which we passed. At
'iedinont, a thriving little town some
welve miles out of Greenville, two
oldlers on a motorcycle tacking advertising
posters proved a little of a
lovelty. The barber and the drug
vlerk and the pool room loafer and
leveral farmers (the kind that don't
ike to cut grass) came out and gave
is the once over. I could see that
>ne or two of them thought right off
he reel thnt we were deserters. It
lid look suspicious.
One chap winked at a companion
md remarked to my comrade after he
lad read the placard he had just
xisted:
"Gointer sell hay, eh?"
xep.
"Why, don't soldiers eat hay?"
"Not unless It's soaked In whisky,"
oolly returned my fellow publicity
nan without cracking: a smile.
If the joaher had been a cow or a
lorse or a dog he would have tucked
lis tall between his legs and beat It.
s'ot having any tall, he beat it any10W.
It's no easy Job driving a motor:ycle
thirty miles along muddy roads
rnd stopping every few minutes to
ack up a sign. Having my hands
ull managing the bike, my mate did
nost of the tacking. He qualified as
i Camp Sevier carpenter or a bill
xyster for Ringling Brothers' circus,
-'oiks down that way know all about
he hay that Camp Sevier wants to
tell.
Coming back by the town of Belton,
iad roads were encountered for sev>ral
miles. 'One great big mud hole
lad been crossed safely when we
msaed a negro funeral part?.
"That's a sign of bad luck," comnented
my oassenaer in the motor
:ycle side car, as he wiped a dash of
middy water from his eyes.
He had hardly gotten the words
>ut of his mouth when biff?the mo;orcycle
hit another creek in the
-oad. the carburetor or differential ot
exhaust or something struck my leg
ind a stream of Are poured Into it
It hurt. It still hurta But one ha?
;o pay to ride a motorcycle and tc
ldvertlse hay.
Seeing a likely looking tree for advertising
purposes near the scene o(
this catastrophe to me, a placard was
placed upon it As it was being done
in old gentleman walked up to us and
inquired:
"Be you hunting that German prisoner
who escaped from up yonder al
|? Sevtfjl?*tother day?"
I the German prisoner is
tiackjpl captivity."
suh. I didn't know that. I
ain't"jjfc?n nothing about it in the
i \ .4W|8hun."
'TjBgGreenvillr Piedmont and the
. GreeSmic News print all the news
* abouHjjhe camp all the time." I said.
icoflt too much," he says. "1
Constitution a whole year fer
ed to impress upon him the
the local paper; but remempensjir
fuddenly that I was in the
arrtiR-.^jpd advertising hay and not
new sparring any more, I didn't.
"mB be the matter with that
hayffvjjjqulred the old gentleman
fee. i-Wf?over the placard.
"lt|^n settled on it," said my partner.
?
"\V!W* don't the government use it
anyjjfw^" he next Inquired.
AJxny regulations prohibit the use
of a?y ^provender for army animals
exi Dt that which comes up to certain
spcdj^cctlons," said my companion.
"ItPCkon |( will go pretty cheap
most' of it?" came from our interrogator.
Wight"
"MfrU, I 'spect I'll be up there on
the ftth of August to buy some o'
that 6ay or look at It anyhow. Keekl
on ill see you boys then."
Tl* he went his way and we
hunt* for another tree. There will be
one Sin to come to see what's in this
hay business for him.
MB fellow press agent said he hoped
Are would be a thousand (teople
( int Ated in this hay deal. I do too.
bccalse we have worked darn hard
, to let 'em know about it.
ii ^vu uuii i umevv nn nuuu- ju.>
driving a motor bike sixty miles
placarding the countryside and with a
burrA leg to boot. Just try It. Drilling
Wfth an Enflcld Isn't the hardest
, job? the world!
i Jas. D. Grist.
?FICHTING IN THE AIR
Calls for Quickness of Thought, Pluck
and Endurance.
Hrilns and quickness of thought anas
necessary to the airman as pluck,
endurance and physical skill In aerial
manoeuvres. The English pilot of a
singlft?aeator fighter of the latest typo,
while cruising all over the German
linos the other day, writes a correspondent
with the American army in
h'ninoe, saw below him three slow,
old-fashioned enemy machines flying
staadily westward, us though to cross
thai nes Into British territory.
fin ortunately, the Germans wore
Up> f r off to be attacked successfully,
j and he British pilot figured that if
I they feallied his presence they would
l ft# t home and safety long before
he ec feB jhet within range. He thereI
Bn^pp Into tho clouds and then
Tg^^^^G^dJxectlon in which the
Judging hlB time, he pushed the
nose of his machine downward, dived
out of the clouds to the Germans beneath,
and, when close enough to be
fairly sure of his mark, pressed the
trigger of his gun. A stream of lead
played about the German machines.
None of them returned his fire.
Once before the pilot hnd heard of
a similar occurrence. This flashed
through his mfnd, nnd pulling back
the control lever, he soared up again
into the clouds. He was only just in
time, for as he vanished Into the vapor
three enemy scouts ? appeared.
The slow machines were the bait and
the Ilritish airplane was the expected
prey, for its pilot was well-known and
feared by the Germans In that part of
the line.
Once he knew what the odds were
against him, he no longvr hesitated.
Down once more out of the clouds he
came, straight at the nearest scout.
A shot hurst from his machine gun
and the hostile machine wavered,
then slowly fell Into a .spin, hurtling
downward and crashing far below.
The odds were still five to one.
True, three of the enemy machines
were slow and old-fashioned, nnd tak,
en alone might have been accounted
for one by one, but the ndditlon of
two fast-flying scouts manoeuvred by
skilful pilots gave the matter a different
aspect. The British pilot did
not wait, but no sooner had one ma,
chine fallen than he flew nt the next,
backin, zooing, sideslipping. ever
trying to reach the vulnerable spot in
the enemy armor. All the time the
second scout was trying to" secure a
favorable position to Are at the attacker
nnd the three old two-seaters
were firing long-range bursts as opportunity
afforded.
For some minutes this competition
for position continued, each party firing
short bursts without definite result.
Then suddenly th^ deciding factor
arrived.
Out of the sky loomed a two-seater
British fighter of the latest type. It
was proceeding on a special errnnd.
Before the Cermans had realized his
arrival the new pilot steered his machine
Into the midst of the fight. A
long burst from his rear gun caused
one of the German fighters to stagger
In Its flight, then drop Its nose
and leave the cpmbat. Evidently the
pilot bad been hit. Then together the
two British machines charged the
Germans. A short skirmish ensued
before the enemy decided that discretion
was the better part of valor and
( put their machines Into spins to
evade their adversaries' fire in the
low altitudes close to earth where
the anti-aircraft batteries would pro,
tect them.
i i m i
The commercial cotton crop for the
season of 1917-1918, which ended
July 81, Is placed at 11,906.971 bales
' by H. G. Hester, secretary of the
New Orleans Cotton Exchange. In a
i statement Issued August 1. This to
tal 1* more than 1,000,000 bales leas
i than those of the two preceding sea
sons. A year ago the crop was placed
> at 12,040,014 bales and the preceding
, year 12,018,25*. War conditions and
i Inability to move the staple were ,rei
gnrdsd as the principal reasons for
the decrease. The consumption of cotton
in the south, Ur. Hester places at
4.102.741 bales as compared with 4.I
357,425 last year and 4,044,556 the
> year before. In this market the conI
sumption total Is regarded as large In
view of tbe labor troubles with which
mills in the south have had to con:
tend..
RESTRICTION OF CREDITS ?
? CI
Federal Reserve Board Makes Very J;
PlalD Statement.
SPECULATION LOANS NOV PROHIBITED j;
Bankers are Told that They May Furnish
Money that is Necessary for j
the Conduct of Enterprises that are
Necessary for the Conduct of the
War; But Not for Ordinary Specu- (r
lation. p(
Washington, August 1.?The Federal
reserve hoard thinks it the appropriate
time to issue a statement
expressing its views upon the principles
which should guide the action (jj
of the banks in the curtailment of
unnecessary credits. n,
It is clear that if the war require- |({
ments of the government are to be ,1(
financed without undue eximnsion of
banking credits, not only must there S(,
be some reduction of existing credits. of
but there will have to be applied a t.j
rigid check upon the further expati- ,0
sion of credit in directions not clearly
essential for the prosecution of the in
war and for the health and necessary J(,
comfort of the people. It is no more ^
possible to superimpose upon the vol- jn
ume of pre-war credits the immense aj
volume of additional credit required
by the government for war purposes
than to superimpose upon the volume Sl,
of pre-war production of goods the immense
volume of additional goods re- ,0
quired by the government to prosecute eg
the war. Our problem is to convert W(
less essential into more essential
credit and to convert less essential to u.
more essential production and distri- l()
hution of goods. The saving of credit ga
and money goes hnnd in hand with
the saving of labor and materials in K.
the programme of adjusting the liusi- st
ness of the nation to a war basis our
best hope of uvolding competition be- o(
tween the government and its citizens ,.s
for credit, money, labor and materials .u
which con only result In credit and
price inflation and higher costs of vj
living. Is saving. sl,
As trustees of the individual hank- tT
ing credit of the country the hankers
are charged with the duty of studying |U
and understanding the programme in t,s
order that each and every one may In
in turn educate his borrowers njid the W(
people of his community to the ne- pr
cessity of saving credit as well as food f()
and other materials, and may there- ,,0
by conserve the credit of his bank by
the use of the government as far as nr
may bo practicable.
It is not the purpose of the board m
to suggest the specific ways in which )n
credit should be conserved or unne- |n
cessary expenditures curtailed: onch Wj
banker must determine this for him- p,
self. The board can only discuss the
subject in general terms with em- fr
ph&sts on the necessity ?that while ac
nrw? nation ilwsU mitor ^
taken promptly it should be carried
out gradually with reasonable discretlon
nnd with the least possible avoid- jn
able embarrassment to the business jn
individuals and industries. Proper
education of borrowere and customers w
to the needs of the situation will ac- fn
complish far more than nhrupt dis- ,
criminal ion or pressure. ( ^
In the alisence of any ollleial classl- t0
fleatIon of the more essential and the s(
less essentlnl things and enterprises
it will be necessary for each banker
in determining how ho may do his
share in the conservation of credit to A
use bis own judgment. There seems
to be, however, two clearly defined
groups of loans: 81
(a) Loans to facilitate production or
or distribution.
(b) Loans for non-production or 8C
non-distributive purposes.
Loans for Non-productive or Non- is
distributive Purposes. >'
Loans for non-productive or non- 01
distributive purposes are usually loans '"ii
for non-essential purposes. The fol- ?'
lowing are typoB of this ckiss of It
loans: ? ai
Loans for purchasing or carrying
property, whether real estate or per- I"
sonal securities: tl
Loans or additions to or improve- f?
ments of property not used in productlon
or distribution. c<
Loans to states or municipalities for ti
improvements. ai
By inquiring the purpose for which
each new loan is required and dcclinlng
wherever practicable to grant "
loans of these classes nnd by gradu- Sl
ally causing existing loans of these
classes to be reduced or eliminated 111
I stokers could conserve credit without 8X
causing hardship and also give many ?
people an impetus to save at a time
when saving is of vital importance rt
to the nation. ct
Loans to Facilitate Production or Ois- a
tribution.
is
The three main groups of borrow- g(
era for production or distributive pur- (a
pones are rarmers, mnnuiacturers.
and merchants. ' m
1. Farmers.?The farmers are be- ^
ing asked to produce more than ever (fl
before and loans_for productive purposes
must have the right of way.
Hut the kind of loans which should
be discouraged or declined are;
(a) Loans for the acquisition of ad- w
ditlonal property, urless the area un- ^
der production is to be increased
thereby and Immediate results may be oj
expected. o)
(b) LoanR for any construction not
necessary to the productiveness of the aj
farm within the year, and j
(c) Loans for the purchase of at - jQ
tlcles of comfort and luxury.
In sections where farming profits
have been large an endeavor should f
be made to induce farmers to apply m
a good portion of them to the reduction
of long-standing loans or to the Q,
financing of their seasonal requirements,
thereby conserving bank cred- j
"
2. Manufacturers ? Manufacturers j,
who are making large profits should
be urged to reduce or extinguish their '
debts rather than Increase capacity Q|
and output unless the industry' b one
which is clearly necessary to the
prosecution of the war. All manufoc- yj
turers should be urged to carry as _dl
small inventories as practicable, to
eliminate from their products ele- Je
ments which add to Its cost but not
to its Intrinsic value and serviceability ^
or which are Introduced simply for w
fashion or appearance; and avoid "as L
far as practicable introducing new
| fliyies uuruig uic w?m. | i
*
Manufacturers whose product is not
learlv required either for the proseution
of the war or to maintain the
calth and efficiency of our civilian
opulation should l?c urged to assist
io government by adopting at least a
art of their plants to the manufacire
of articles clearly required for
lese purj>oses. Bankers would do well
> scrutinize carefully the credits of
lose' engaged in industries not clearessential
for these purposes since
ich industries are likely to be' the
rst ones to suffer interruption frifci
onsportation, fuel or power ombarH'S.
3. Merchants.?Almost the same
ingestions that have.lieen made with
'gard to the production ol goods by
anufucturers mu> be applied to the
stribution of goods by merchants,
unely, reduction of stocs carried,
duction or elimination oC that i>oron
of their stock consisting of ariles
of mere fashion or luxury and
ic substitution of plainer and more
rvlceable articles, and the avoidance
the introduction of new styles in
othing, articles of personal comrt.
etc.
The board feels that it would be
ipractlcable to deal with the subct
more espeeiallj at the present
me, but urges that every one assist
the movement to the best of his
ility.
1 lie Mtinlvinir and iimlerst:i iiiIiiilt
i' economic necessity for the conrvation
of credit.
J. Hy careful analysis of each loan
ascertain those which are the least
sential to the prosecution of the
?r.
3. liy applying to each ioan the
st. "Is it necessary for the prosecujn
ot the war or the health ;uul
fety of our civilian population?"
4. Hy urging his local trade orLnizatlons
and hoard of trade to
udy the subject and make definite
commendations for the conservation
credit and the conservation of less
sential to more essential production
id distribution.
5. Hy discussing the matter with a
cw of educating fieoplc to the iivccsly
of keeping their demands for
edit at a minimum.
G. Hy exerting influence u|hiii his
-ighliors and municipality to reduce
:jH'ndltures for improvements to v
inimutn during the iicriod of the
nr. l'ost|?nentent for every im ovement
not ahsolutely necessarj
r the hciilth and safety should heime
u national |>olicy.
7. Ity acting always with discretion
id reasonableness.
The conservation of credit and
oney will result in the saving of
hor and materials which the governent
needs for the prosecution of the
nr. and every improvement or ex nditure
which an individual, a corirutlon
or a municipal.ty refrains
om making during the war reprents
a requirement to lie fulfilled
fien tTie~war is over. ^ ^ ? *
Merchants anu manufacturers will
adily understand that present savg
is laying up for the future an
lportant reserve purchasing power
hleh they may count on during
hatever ncriod of read iustment mav
illow the end of the war. and it
ust In* apparent to every hanker
int the larger the savings his cusmers
make the larger the deposits
ich savings will inevitably create.
SOISSONS
Gr?at Railroad Center of Much
Strategic Importance.
The National Geographic society isles
the following geography bulletin
1 Soissons:
"Tho Btratogic Importance of Sois>n?,
a city of 14,000 inhabitants at the
me of the outbreak of the world war,
due chiefly to the fact that it is a
reat railroad center. It Is situated
1 the left bank of the Aisne, 25 miles
ist of f'ompiegne and 35 miles west
Ithetnis. On the l'aris-Laon railroad
is 65 miles northeast of the capital,
id 22 miles southwest of Luon.
"Before the war. Solssohs was an imortant
center for grain trade of norlern
France, and was especially noted
ir its haricot beans. Its most flourish
ig industries were iron and copper
>pper foundries, boiler and agriculiral
implement factories, straw hats
id glass works.
"Soissons is one of the oldest cities
i France- Before the advent of the
omans, it was the chief city of the
uessiones, who held 12 towns of Gali
Helglca. Divltlacus. one of their
lost powerful kings, extended his
vay even beyond the sea, among the
ritons.
"The city's present status as a rail>ad
center Is an inheritance of many
nturies, for in ancient times it was
starting point for military roads to
helms, Chateau Thierry, Meuux. I'ar,
Amiens and St. Cjuentin. it was at
)issons that Clovls, King of the Saln
Franks, defeated the Roman gen al,
Syagrius, and it was here that he
arrled the Christian princess Clotlli.
Three years after the marriage
le king and three thousand Franks
ere baptised.
"A short distance down the Aisne,
i tho opposite bank, are the ruins of
te famous Abbey of St Medard,
here Pippin The Short was crowned
f St. Boniface, the pupal legate. It
as in this abbey, also, that the famis
Abelard, of the Abclard and Helse
memory, is said to iiave been imrlsoned.
In this vicinity, too, Thomi
Becket, the fighting English prelate
( Henry II's time, lived during his
ng sojourn in France. Louis the Debnair,
one of the most unhappy of
rench Kings, made enforced stays
>r its haricot beans. Its most flourish*
>ns.
"No doubt when the present war Is
ier. Soissons will erect a second monment
to commemorate those of its
tizcns wno nave laiien oeiore me
lthlesa warfare of the Hunt*. In the
lace de la Republique there was
ected In 1901 a memorial to the citi?ns
shot by the Germans in the war
r 1870."
Feels .Safe.?In his speech at Green llle
Thursday. John T. Duncan, eanidate
for governor, said that he was
iangerous to such fellows as Quiln."
I don't see how he could be. When
[cLaurin smashed his face at Greenood,
he did no more than pull Mcaurtn's
hair.
And I have no hair.?Fountain Inn
ribune.
...
INCREASED WAR TAXES
Revenue From Most Luxuries to be
Practically Doubled.
Washington. Aug. 1.?Doubling of
the present special taxes on manufacturers
of tobacco, cigars and cigarettes
and increnscd taxation of brokers.
theatres and other amusements,
billiards and pool parlors. l?owling alleys
and capitalization of corporations
were agreed on by the house
ways and means committee today in
framing the $S.000,000.000 revenue
bill. A new tax of one per cent on
retail sales ol' mail order houses doing
more than lloo.ooo antfual business
was adopteil. Pullman seats anil
berths and passenger rates will be
subjected to a uniform tax of eight
per ecnt. Stamp taxes were undisturbed.
Chairman KtU'lnn alter the committee
adjourned summarized the Hit nation'
as follows:
"Wo haw put a tax ot ono per oont
of rotail sales on nutll order houses
that have al?ove $100,000 annual business.
We have increased the special
taxes. Brokers now under a special
tax ot SMi will pay an annual tax ot
$100 and if they are members of a
stock exchange or board of trade engaged
in buying nnd selling, will pay
$-'50 annually. We have increased
the tax on pawnbrokers fiom $50 to
$100; shiphrokcrs from $J0 to $50;
customhouse brokers from $10 to $50.
Moving Pictures.
"Theatres, including moving picture
shows, museums and concert halls,
having a seuting capacity of not ovet
250 iMOpIc will pay an annual tux Increased
from $25 to $50: seating capacity
between J50 and 50<i. increased
from $50 to $100; 5oo to sOO seating
cu|Micity, increased from $75 to $150,
and all over S00 capacity, increased
from $100 to $200 annual tax. We
have doubled the present special taxes
on theatres, circuses, bowling alleys,
billiard and pool places, and on
manufacturers of tobacco, cigars and
cigarettes.
"We have put a new spcciul tax on
sales ot seats on stock and produce
exchanges oi 10 per cent on the sale
price of the seats, and on annual dues
of these exchanges a tax of JO per
cent on the amount of the dues. This
is to put thetn on the same basis as
clubs and other organizations, already
put under tax.
"Pullman seats and berths under
present law taxed 10 per cent and
passenger rates eight per cent of the
amount |Niid for tickets or coupons.
We today agreed to make the tax on
" ?- ?-->- ?? Thia
mil ll in uii-nv i if,in |n i vim.
was ;it the request of the director general
of railroads, who wanted Untaxes
on thi-iii made tin- same to simplify
the mileage coupons about to he
issued. We imposed a lux of 10 per
cent on the sales of yachts.
"We considered the stamp taxes in
<ha pitwcnt-iaw mid- (iiff gill ri'Mfiili
ns at present."
Excise Taxes.
Mr. Kitchln announced that undi-r
the action of the committee so tar the
excise taxes would produce nhoiit $1.000,000,000
which includes beer, whisky,
automobiles, soft drinks, gasoline
owners and slmilnr taxable subjects.
This is it bout one-hull of the
amount allotted to commonly termed
luxuries and non-essentials, but Mi.
Kitchln said the allotted $2,000,000.000
under this head would In- levied.
Taxation of tobacco manufacturers
but not retail dealers, was considered
by the committee today. The tobacco
schedule us adopted provides that 00
days after the passage of the new law
and thereafter on July 1 ol each year
a special tax computed on the basis of
sales of the preceding llseal year will
be made as follows: Tobacco manufacturers
with annual sales not exceeding
So.ooo isiiinds. a year; 50,000
to 100,000 |>ounds, 112; 100.000
to 200,000 jMjunds, $21; all in excess
of 200,000 jtoiimls, 10 cents [s-r thousand
pounds; sigar manufacturers
with annual salt* not exceeding 50,000
cigars, $4; not exceeding* 100,000 cigars,
$fi; not exceeding 200,000 cigars,
$12; not exceeding 400,000, $21; altove
400,000, 10 cents per thousand cigars;
iMantl#iin?llMNi ft rw-l 11/1 inir
CinUICllU laiiuidviuiv.n,
small cigars weighing not more than
three pounds per thousand, 3 cents for
every 10,000.
A proposal to tax cotton was rejected
almost unanimously. Reprcsenta
live Moore of Pennsylvania, proposed
a tax of S3 per bale, which ho contended
would produce S333.000.000 a your
revenue, but its opponents Immediately
suggested a tax on grain and anthracite
and similar articles produced in
the north. Only Representatives Moore
and Fairchild, New York, voted for it.
Mr. Moore also proposed a tax on dogs,
which the committee veted down.
Duties of Officers.-^Jeneral Peyton
C. March, chief of staff of the army, in
his address to the graduating class at
West Point some weeks ago dwelt upon
the duties of officers and urged
that they should strive to fit themselves
always, for higher leadership.
And among other things he said:
"The war in Europe has shown fully
and conclusively that personal courage
is the commonest attitude of mankind.
All nations have it. It is not
dependent upon traditions, ancestry
or the righteousness of cause for
which men fight Tho regular, the
volunteer, the draft man, all have It. *
So in order to take your proper place
In the military machine, to make a
proper return to the United States for
your education and training, It-1? cot
sufficient to tight bravely and to die
gallantly. You will tlnd that your associates,
from whatever aource lateen
will do that as well as you. You will
be confronted by perfectly organized
military machine. That machine is
going to be smashed, and the only way
it can be smashed in by superior leadership
on our part"
That General March has a gift of
eloquence as well as military genius,
was evidenced a little further along in
this same address when he told the
young officers before him that they
were "face to face with the most glorious
adventure in the history of the
world a modern crusade where
so entire nation without thought of
territorial aggrandizement or of material
gain, has planted its standard
upon the soil of France in order that
freedom shall be guaranteed to posterity."
"Go in," he concluded, "and win."
y Hi '