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Scraps and /acts. ? More than $2,000,000 has been subscribed in London to take care of people who have been thrown out of employment because of the war. Reports also are to the effect that in order to keep the non-soldier population employed an extensive system for road improvement has been inaugurated to furnish employment to people who would otherwise be idle. ? Spartanburg Herald, Sunday: In his speech yesferday Lowndes J. Browning was particularly severe in his arraignment of the "elimination convention" which met in Columbia recently. He stated that he promised to go to the convention and tell them what he thought of the plan, provided the meeting was open, and that it was his intention to denounce it. C. A. Smith and M. L. Smith also devoted considerable time to pointing out the danger of such a convention. All three said that it threatened the primary system in this state, and they also said that it was the efTort of the monied interests of the state to elect Manning. Mr. Manning said nothing about the convention. ? Two German cruisers, the Gochen and the Breslau were forced out of the harbor of Messine last Friday, by the neutrality laws. Under the law, a war vessel of a belligerent may remain in a neutral port for 24 hours. After 24 hours the vessel must either leave or submit to dismantlement and remain until the close of the war. The Italian government gave the German commanders the choice between the alternatives mentioned. It was known that the British war ships are as plentiful In all parts of the Mediterannean as sharks off some of the tropical ports and that these two cruisers stood but little show. The commanders, however, made their wills, turned them over to the German consulate at Messina and put to sea. It is said that a few hours afterward firing was h?*ard for a period of fifteen or twenty minutes at some distance off the shore out in the strait of Messina, and it is supposed that the Germans were either captured or sunk by the British; but it is not certain. There has been no official report. ? Washington, August 10: Complete revision in the methods of cotton marketing was proposed today as a means or renei irom ucpicuiuu threatened by the closing of foreign markets during the European war. The plan was laid before the house agricultural committee by experts of the department of agriculture. It contemplates government supervision of marketing. Federal standardization of grades, and establishment of a system of warehousing to make baled cotton a solid basis for credit to growers and enable them to finance their crops until advantageous arrangements can be made for marketing. C. J. Brand, chief of the division of markets, suggested the scheme be put in operation through the Lever cotton grades bill, now before the house committee. This bill provides for Federal supervision of cotton grading and the fixing of Federal standards for cotton. Mr. Brand suggested amendments to enable the government to license cotton warehouses where the crop could be stored. Under such conditions, he said, the new Federal reserve board would be able to make cotton in the warehouses the basis of ample credit to growers. The committee tomorrow will hear cotton men of the south on the proposed scheme and will ask them for suggestions. E. J. Watson, commissioner of agriculture of South Carolina, today began organization of a committee of growers and manufacturers to present the views of the southern cotton men. ? Washington, August 9: Dispatches from consular agents throughout Europe. tonight reassured officials here that the condition of American refugees was not so alarming as they had been led to believe by previous reports. Secretary Garrison, in charge of relief work, said the number of Americans reported to be in distress had been so minimized that it now appeared unnecessary to send transports to more than two or three European ports. Lieut. Col. Squier, the American attache in London, reported that conditions in England were rapidly approaching normal. Preparations were being made, he said, to bring all Americans in Switzerland, who desired transportation to Calais, Bo-ulogne or Dieppe by special train. "The situation as now presented calls for financial assistance rather than for means of transportation." said Secretary Garrison. "uovernmeuwi aid in actual physical transportation has considerably reduced. Gold is the greatest demand and that is on the way." Of all the Americans in Europe, the secretary said, those in Switzerland appear to need financial aid most. Speedy relief in this section is assured. According to dispatches. there are now 20.000 Americans in London and probably 50,000 on the continent. Four thousand Americans arrived in London today from Belgium and France. More than 800 are reported to be in Berne. Switzerland, and these are to be removed by special trains. It is estimated that 6.500 Americans are in Italy and 500 In Switzerland. ? Washington, August 9: Although administration leaders in congress believe the business of the session can be completed soon after September 1, some of them fear possible emergencies that may arise through the war in Europe that will make it imperative that congress remain in Washton. Talk about the Capitol indicates, however, that if developments of the next week indicate no trouble is in prospect for the United States the signal may be given to wind up the legislative programme and adjourn for the fall campaign. Several senators today pointed to the fact that great alarm would have followed had not congress been in session when the European nations clashed. With banks demanding emergency currency legislation, congress would have been called in extra session. The passing of the emergency currency amendment and the progress already made toward emergency shipping legislation, senators declared, have done much to allay fears. The senate plans to pass the bill to admit foreign built ships to American registry, Tuesday. The Clayton anti-trust bill to supple ment the Sherman law men win ue taken up. Senate and house conferees meanwhile will endeavor to agree on the Federal trade commission bill, radically amended in the senate. The foreign relations committee is undertaking to comply with the urgent request of the president that the new peace treaties with twenty foreign nations be ratified. While there has been discussion of further revenue legislation in view of the checking effect of the war on imports, the present conclusion of the leaders is that there is no immediate necessity for it. Should a war revenue measure eventually be required, it might take the form of a stamp tax on liquors and tobacco. ? M. L. Smith scored the elimination business at Spartanburg, last Saturday. He said: "I regret the necessity of referring to a matter here which should be impossible under such a Democracy as ours, and in a state where the primary is so much prized. I have reference to an attempt on the part of a few people, supported by a few newspapers, some of whom seemed to be fair and honest in purpose, to dictate to the Democratic voters of this state their choice. Such effort bears every characteristic of clique and boss rule. They h-ive virtnallv siiifi to the iieoiile in the Piedmont section that you should not even consider certain candidates in this race, though you have never had the opportunity of seeing or hearing them. The Aiken call, addressed to the anti-Blease members of the state convention, could not survive the overwhelming sentiment of our people against the effort. They met anil resolved that the necessity did not exist for such action, and in this view I want to say that I heartily concur. Scarcely had this conference adjourned before a circular letter was sent out from the same source and addressed to the same parties attempting to accomplish in this manner what the\* publicly proclaimed that there was no necessity for. In this letter the attempt to eliminate my good friend. Dr. Clinkscales. who was placed in the original list, and suggested concentration upon the other two. whom the people of South Carolina, who stand for fair play and a square deal, will eliminate in the August primary. So far as I am concerned personally, I am trying to make a fight in which results worry me but little, and if elected governor of this state, I want to be the governor of the whole people and not the pet or favorite of any clique or ring rule. I have no quarrel with the public press. On the contrary, I have from a sense of duty publicly derenuea 11 in una enWhile I am not capable of giving advice, or is such my purpose. I do wish to say here that the newspapers who are attempting to promote the elimination process and recommend who should occupy first place among the chosen few, are not doing any good for the cause of anti-Bleaseism in this state. Trust the people, gentlemen, and let them choose after a free hear- I ing. Bet us not act the fool at the I wrong time." ftlir -ilorhuittf (Jruquiwr. Entered at the Postofflce In Yorkvllle as Mali Matter of the Second Class. YORKVILLE, S. C.: TUESDAY, AUGUST II, 1914. The canvass of the state by the state and senatorial campaigners comes to a close on August 20, five days before the election. Several times Europe has appeared to be on the verge of war and everybody was looking for an outbreak: but the world at large had very little idea of the present war until it came. There is a good deal of dispute just now as to who started that terrible European war, each of the principal sovereigns trying to put it on the other: but after it is over the victors will not be denying: their glory. "Trust the people, and let them choose," said a gubernatorial candidate in Spartanburg:, last Saturday. A wise and sensible saying that, though there be many who think they have more sense than the people. While it is reasonably certain that there must have been numerous engagements between German and British and French war vessels, there has been very little information on the subject. It is very well to remember that therf is nothing remarkable about the ability of the Belgian fortresses around Liege to hold the German army in check. The most remarkable feature of this incident is the persistent stubbornness of the German attack. It is quite probable, according to Washinerton dispatches, that the Unit ed States government may find it necessary to sell bonds or levy a war tax to make up for the deficiency in the revenue caused by the falling off of revenue from tariff on imports. The great European war now in progress thoroughly disproves the theory of people who have been preaching that the way to preserve peace is to be prepared for war. Had it not been for the great armaments of Europe. this world war would not have broken out at this time. Now that the Georgia house has passed the Torrens land title bill, it does look as if South Carolina should begin to give the matter serious consideration. But South Carolina does not seem to be getting any nearer to the proposition than the appointment of a commission to ensure delay. It is said that the word "defense" has been eliminated from all the French text books on military science. This has been the case for nearly eight years. All the military teachings are on a basis of moving forward, the theory being that the advantage is with the aggressor. Even drummers and buglers are no longer taught recognized calls for retreat. The French believe that when they fight they should light to the last ditch. Fears are entertained by a good many <>f the politically wise that there is going to he a dropping out of candidates from lioth the senatorial and gubernatorial races in order to bring about postponement. If a gubernatorial or senatorial candidate withdraws, for instance the race for the office involved is automatically postponed for twenty days. The understanding is that this rule was incorporated in the constitution of the party in 1 if 12 by and through the influence of Senator Tillman. The various New York exchanges have been closed until the war situation has settled down to something that will at least appear to be normal. The reason for this action is clear enough. Under a situation like the present when alarms are continuous, all kinds of faked stories can be put afloat with the result that the market will be jumping and falling at such a rate as to destroy all stability of values and put prices of almost everything down to nothing. It would seem a good thing if it were possible to devise some other means of marketing the nrnitnotii of the countrv anvwu.v. r* ~? ? A story has been sent out from Paris to the effect that it was not Emperor William, hut his son the crown prince who started this terrible war. The emperor, so the story goes, was cruising out in the North sea during the progress of the dispute between Austria and Servia, and the crown prince did things that complicated matters to such an extent that the emperor. upon his return, was unable to straighten them out. The emperor fell into a terrible rage and struck his son, it is said. The story sounds fishy rather than otherwise; but it may be true, for whoever started the war it appears to be a fool proposition. Much interest attaches to the probable performance of the Zeppelin air ships of the Herman army and the Hying machines of the French army. Germany has tifteen Zeppelin dirigibles and a few Hying machines. France has w iliriiriliies and a larire number of aeroplanes. The Zeppelin dirigible is kept afloat by eighteen separate gas chambers, and will continue in the air after eight of these chambers have been pierced. The most effective way t<> destroy a Zeppelin Is to ram it with an aeroplane. This was done one day last week by a mad French aviator named (Jarms. He rati the nose of his aeroplane into the big gas hat; and brought it to the earth, giving up his own life freely in order to get the 26 Hermans who composed the crew of the airship. It is said that every aviator in the French army is sworn to freely offer up his life upon any opportunity that gives promise of bringing down a Zeppelin. There has been no doubt for some days as to the attitude that Italy might take in regard to the great European war. Italy was formerly a member of the triple alliance, the other powers being Germany and Austria. Each of the signatory powers was bound to come to the aid of the others in case they were attacked. Germany and Austria were the attacking powers and Italy was not therefore bound to take a hand. It was some days before she made an official statement as to what she would do. In the meantime, Germany and Austria brought all kinds of pressure on her. It is said that they promised in the event of success to give to Italy the French province of Algeria and the Belgian possessions in the Congo; but Italy refused to be tempted. Then it is said that she was threatened by the invasion of 1i.c-n nmuinfM of Venetia and Lombard}* in the event of her holding out; hut she refused to he coerced. As to whether Italy will he ahle to remain neutral is very doubtful. It seems to he practically certain that she will not join with Germany and Austria; but she may be forced by these powers to throw her fortunes in with hYanee, Russia and Great Britain. Her army is now being mobilized, and the understanding is that the entire population is hoping for the invasion of Lomhardy and Venetia. STORY OF THE CAUCUS Mr. Thos F. McDow Replies to Statements of Mr. A. E. Hutchison. Rock Hill Herald. Candidate A. E. Hutchison hands the Herald, the following, wnicn is self-explanatory: "Hon. A. E. Hutchison, Rock Hill, S. C. "Dear Sir: I enclose herewith a copy of an article which I have prepared for the York News and the Rock Hill Herald and Record. Your attack upon me is wholly unwarranted and without justification. I take no exception to any legitimate criticism you may care to make upon the caucus held in my office. Your personal and repeated allusion to me as a 'boss' is offensive, and I must ask you not to repeat the offence. "Yours truly, "Thos. F. McDow. "Yorkvllle, S. C., Aug. 8." Mr. McDow's Statement. "Mr. A. E. Hutchison is reported by The Yorkvllle Enquirer to have said at Ogden last Wednesday, that 'Thos F. McDow and J. Steele Brice of Yorkville are the political bosses of the county. What they say goes. These men make out a ticket to suit themselves, draw the candidates to suit them, present the tickets to you voters and you will have to swallow it.' "There was a conference held in my office on the 31st of July. It was composed of intelligent, honorable and rep resentative men rrum pracucauy rvcij section of the county. The door of my office was unlocked and the windows open. So far as I am concerned any member of that conference is at liberty to tell any one, who may be interested in knowing, all that was said and done by myself. "Before this conference was called, Mr. W. B. Riddle had announced himself as a candidate for the house, and before the conference met I was informed that Mr. T. P. Lesslie had come to Yorkville for the purpose of entering the race for the house. Mr. Cherry was not in Yorkville and, so far as I know, was not aware of the fact that a conference had been called or was being held. Dr. Saye and Dr. J. Li. sprail were inrmuria uj mc twnference, and were requested, by whom I do not remember, to announce themselves as candidates for the legislature, and after much persuasion consented to do so, and filed their pledges. Later Dr. Spratt, for reasons satisfactory to himself, withdrew. "I bore Mr. Hutchison not the slightest ill will, and if he will ascertain the real facts as to what was done and said at that conference he will or ought to be ashamed of the idle and foolish vaporings to which he is reported to have given utterance at Ogden, as they are without foundation in fact, and untrue, except as herein above stated. "In my opinion, after the recent county convention, in which Mr. Hutchison was for a time such a conspicuous figure, it would have been impossible for his most malignant enemy to have done him any political injury. "If Mr. Hutchison is possessed of even ordinary intelligence he knows, or ought to know, that men have the legal and moral right to hold a political caucus; that the practice of holding caucuses has obtained in both the county and state for a period of at least twenty-five years. If he has read the newspapers this year he is aware of the fact that both Blease and antiHlAsise men have held caucus after caucus, and with the exception of Mr. Hutchison, I have heard of no one taking offense at a party of gentlemen meeting in a private office and agreeing to support or oppose any candidate for any office. "As to my being a 'boss,' I confess that I never thought of myself in this role until two years ago, when Mr. Hutchison called on Mr. Brice and myself in Yorkville, and consulted us as to the advisability of his making the race for the legislature, assuring us at the time that he was an anti-Blease man. I note in the Herald's report of Mr. Hutchison's speech at McConnellsville, that 'he is not now the candidate of any faction or set of men.' I think the result of the approaching primary will most probably contirm the severe accuracy of this statement. "As to the editorial in the York News, Mr. Brice wrote it, but I approve and endorse it. "August 8th. 1914."*" Mr. McDow has not as yet furnished the Herald with the above article as stated in his letter to Mr. Hutchison. Mr. Hutchison when asked if he had any statement to make in regard to the above, said that it looked to him like a case of "hit dog hollering'' and that he had no further comment at this time, except that he is surprised at a man of Mr. McDow's intelligence and political standing writing the weak article quoted above. Approving the Spoils System.?Encouraged by cheers from the Republican side, Representative Wm. A. Cul' lop, a Democrat, of Indiana, today pushed through the house while that body sat as a committee of the whole, an amendment to the railway mail pay bill which would remove all emj ployes in postoflices from the civil service and permit their appointment hereafter by the respective postmasters. Representative Mann, of Illinois, the Republican lloor leader, held his forces in check when the vote was taken compelling the adoption of the "spoils system" amendment, as it was called, by Democratic votes. It is not likely the amendment will be permitted to stay in the bill when it comes before the house proper for a vote. The Republicans feel they have gained a political advantage, for the parliamentary situation now is such that a record vote may be called for on this proposition, which has been before the house on several occasions in the last few years. The Cullop amendment was adopted by a vote of 75 to 25. While sitting as a committee and attendance of too members constitutes a quorum. When it was seen that the vote might demonstrate the presence of a quorum, Min.1 \l?nn ...... r.. i 1 t ?,1 U I I f a dozen of Mis colleagues to puss between the tellers in order to make up the required 100. The amendment requires that the appointments affected shall be for four years.?Washington dispatch of Aug. 7. to Philadelphia Public Ledger. ? At Darlington last Saturday, Governor Please answered the Marlboro petition for an extra, session of the general assembly to take precautionary measures against demoralisation threatened by the European war, with a statement that he was perfectly willing to call such extra session if the members would pledge themselves beforehand to enact a stay law that would prevent the collection of chattel mortgages given in connection with the making of crops. lie made it clear that he did not contemplate that the proposed stay la w should apply to other than debts secured by chattel mortgages. LOCAL AFFAIRS, NEW ADVERTISEMENTS McConnell Dry Goods Co.?Is showing new lines of ginghams for children's school dresses. New tailoring samples. Bank of Clover?Will give $5 in gold as a prize to the seller of the first bale of new cotton on that market. Trustees District No. 56?Give notice of special tax election at Blairsville school house on August 29. W. W. Lewis, Co. Chairman?Gives notice of appointment of managers at the various precincts in the primary election of August 25. First National Bank, Yorkville?Says commercial advantage results from promoting right deeds at the right time. It wants your bunk account. Cloud Cash Store?Offers men's suits at half price, and low prices on union suits, crepes, lawns, etc. Kirkpatrick-Helk Co.?Makes specially low prices on all ladles' summer dresses In order to close them out. Thomson Co.?Wants to supply you Wlin VUCUUOU HUll eunt-fi, ituu iiivurs attention to new staple goods. Lyric Theatre?"Lucille Love" Thursday, and a Ford Sterling 2-part comedy on Saturday. The candidates for county offices have begun a five days' speaking tour. Today they are addressing the voters of Fort Mill; tomorrow they will be at Forest Hill, Thursday at Clover, Friday at Bethany and Saturday at Smyrna. The house on last Saturday, says a Washington dispatch, wrote Into the postoffice appropriation bill an amendment providing an increase of approximately one hundred dollars a yea,r to rural mail carriers originally provided for in the bill, which has been held up by the postoffice department, must be made effective. The Enquirer agrees most heartily with Mr. Stevenson in all he says in his Tirzah speech with regard to the postoffice situation. The postoffice plum is a good one, and it belongs to - - 1- *1 *1 In/HlfM. ine people rawier ina.ii iu ?nj uiumu ual or even a congressman. Congressmen are supposed to represent the people and carry out the wishes rather than govern them. All the people hereabouts are Democrats who have borne the heat and burden of the years politically speaking and now that we have a Democratic administration, it seems only fair that the people of the community should be entitled to say who they would have for postmaster. The appointment in the case of the Yorkville postmastership should have been made several months ago. Of the sixty-four county candidates for the various offices, quite a number are green at the business, and some amusing situations have resulted. At Tirzah, last Friday, a candidate from Sharon approached a candidate from Filbert and after introducing himself, asked the Filbert man to do what he could for him in his neighborhood. The Filbert man gave his name but said nothing of his candidacy. It was not until the party reached Rock Hill that the Sharon man learned that he had been asking support from a rival and then there was a good laugh over the situation. Generally speaking the campaign party is a good natured bunch that is having a lot of fun as it goes along. WITHIN THE TOWN ? Mr. C. J. Youngblood has been elected chief of the Yorkville Are department, succeeding Mr. W. R. Latimer, resigned. ? The smokehouse in the yard of Mr. W. M. Kennedy of Yorkville, was burglarized Sunday night. A quantity of meat and canned fruit was stolen. FOR THE HAIL SUFFERERS The following additional contributions for the York county hail sufferers have been received through the State Company, Columbia: Mrs. H. H. Ellis, Silver Street, S. C 5 00 R. H. Jennings, Winnsboro .. 5 00 Butler Hagood, Barnwell .... 5 00 P. C. Withers, Columbia .... 5 00 Total 520 00 THE YORKVILLE POSTOFFICE. In his speech at Tlrzah last Friday, Mr. W. F. Stevenson referred again to the Yorkvllle postofflce situation. On this subject he spoke as follows: "As to the Yorkville postofflce, I am informed that a man of business capacity, who has had experience in oflicial position, has a majority of the patrons of the office on his petition; that there has been a vacancy four months: that Mr. Finley has made no recommendation yet. Is it because he cannot decide as to the fittest applicant? if they are both or all fit to such a degree, then he should fall back on the wishes of the patrons, and where there Is equal fitness the wishes of a majority of the patrons should be respected and some one appointed at once, or is the delay designed to tide over the primary election and so soon as that is over he intends to appoint? I do not believe President Wilson approves of or will stand for delay merely for political reasons and a member should make the appointment in accordance with the wishes of the majority of patrons, provided the applicant so enuorseu is competent, and if nominated I shall take the liberty of recommending the applicant who shall show the approval of the majority of patrons, as I understand all applicants are tit. 1 will not allow, so far as I can help it, the postoffice at York or elsewhere to be a means of my political advancement, but will endeavor to make it serve the interest and convenience of the people and in accordance with their wishes, regardless of the effect on any primary election." THE TIRZAH PICNIC There was a large crowd of people at Tirzah last Friday and the occasion generally was pleasant and enjoyable except for the deplorable accident that resulted in the death of Miss Hawkins. This cast a gloom over the festivities of the day. The county candidates made their usual speeches?such of them as speak at all, and were listened to with more or less intere t by a part of the audience. Mr. Henry made his promised talk on education; tint Mr. McLaurin found at the last moment that it was impracticable for him to attend. Hon. W. F. Stevenson presented his claims for congressional honors in UDUlll I III' .Nil 11II* lUiiiiiiri it.-* cincnunv, In addition ho had something to say about the Yorkville post office situation and gave the record of Mr. Kinley and himself on the separate coach law. He stated that Mr. Kinley had injected the matter into the campaign at Gaflfney. He said that Mr. Hlease introduced a separate coach hill in 1K90, and that Mr. Kinley then one of the leaders of the house, neither spoke nor voted for it. Mr. Stevenson said he voted against the Caughman separate coach hill of 1X9X. because it only required partitions in first class coaches, and voted for the committee hill which was substituted in 1900 and which is the law today. Mr. Kinley was not present but after Mr. Stevenson had spoken Mr. I>. R.; Kinley, Jr., read a type-written address from his father reviewing the latter's record and touching on various points at issue in the present campaign. FOR THE HAIL SUFFERERS Since the last issue of The Enquirer subscriptions to the amount of J26 have been received by the committee appointed by the governor to receive and disburse funds for the benefit of the York county hail sufferers. Of this amount $4 came from Dr. W. S. Boyd of Salters Depot, $20 through the Columbia State and $2 from J. Nicholas Lamb of Charleston. The list of subscriptions up to date together with the various amounts credited is as follows: Gov. Cole L. Blease, Columbia, $25 00 L. M. Grist's Sons, Yorkville... 25 00 A. C. Kauffman, Charleston... 10 00 T. D. Lashley, Kollock, S. C.... 2 00 W. A. Clark, Columbia 5 00 Jno. M. Williford, Yorkville... 5 00 Geo. L. Baker, Columbia 25 0" Colin McK. Grant, Charleston . 50 00 B. H. Willis, Cottageville 5 00 Cash, Leesville, S. C 5 00 J. H. Coltharp, Fort Mill 5 00 Jas. L. Quinby, Graniteville ... 5 00 M. H. Blair, Sharon 10 00 Rev. Henry Stokes, Yorkville . 5 00 H. L. Spencer, Cheraw, S. C. .. 1 00 W. E. Ferguson, foreman 1 00 J. C. Blair, Sharon No. 1 5 00 "* r'lAvor R 00 VV. 1. oeamijuuiu, _ Lancaster Council, No. 38. Jr. O. U. A. M., John A. Cook, R. S 20 00 A. J. Harvey, Macbeth. S. C... 1 00 Clover Leaf Council, No. 23, Jr. O. U. A. M., Clover. S. C. 10 00 S. L. Garrison, foreman 2 00 People of Sharon through J. S. Hartness, Cashier First National Bank 84 75 K. I. Burnham, Charleston ... 1 00 S. V. Aycock, No. 2, Sharon .. 3 00 R B. Marion, Plnevllle, S. C... 3 00 W. F. Stevenson, Cheraw .... 25 00 Contributed at state campaign meeting at St. George 12 15 Contributed at state campaign meeting at St. Matthews... 31 35 Contributed through Columbia State 60 00 Contributed at state campaign meeting at Yorkville 18 55 Judge C. A. Wood, Columbia.. 10 00 D. M. Nixon, Greenwood 5 00 Richard Hopkins, Rowesville.. 5 00 c m I luimrctnn TJvineston. 1 Vc......r..../ 1 oo W. P. McManus, Taxahaw, S.C. 5 00 Chester county campaign meeting. through J. H. Glenn .... 3807 J. B. Swann, Bullock's Creek, through J. S. Hartness 5 00 Annie J. L. Ensor, through the Columbia State 5 00 T. A. Amater, St. Matthews, through Columbia State .... 100 Colin McK. Grant, Charleston, second contribution 50 00 Dr. W. S. Boyd, Salters Depot 4 00 Contributed through Columbia State 20 00 J. Nicholas Lamb, Charleston 2 00 Total J617 77 ABOUT PEOPLE Mrs. George Hopper of Arden, N. C., is visiting relatives in Yorkville. Miss Mary Jo Drakeford of Yorkville is visiting friends in Richburg, P C. Mr. Tom Quinn of Greenville, spent Sunday with his parents in Yorkville. Mr. Dan Heyward of Wlnnsboro, visited friends in Yorkville. this week. Mr. John McClain of Charlotte, is visiting relatives on Yorkville R. P. D. No. 5. Mr. Edward Finley of Washington, is spending some time with relatives in VorUvillp Mr. Brown Thomasson of Yorkville, is visiting relatives and friends in Charlotte. Miss Lottie Klutz of Chester, is the guest of Miss Annie Stevens In Yorkville. Mr. S. L. Courtney of Yorkville, is visiting relatives and friends in Lake City. S. C. Mrs. Arthur V. Snell of Charleston, is visiting Mr. Geo. W. S. Hart's family in Yorkville. Miss Sophia Ewart of Columbia, is visiting her mother, Mrs. A. R. Ewart, In Yorkville. Rev. J. L. Oates returned from Louisville, Ga., last night after an absence of ten days. Miss Hazzie Betts of Yorkville R. F. D. 3, is visiting her brother Rev. C. B. Betts in Columbia, Tenn. Mrs. J. T. Slgmon of Birmingham, Ala., is the guest of Mrs. J. \V. Kirkpatrick in Yorkville. Misses Julia and Nancy Witherspoon of Yorkville, are spending some time at Blowing Rock, N. C. Mr. J. Miller Drakeford of Yorkville, left Saturday for Columbia, where he has secured a position. Miss Mary Fant Herndon of Yorkville, left this rhorning to visit friends in Lenoir, X. C. Mr. A1 Adams of Ebenezer. has taken a position as clerk at the Shandon hotel in Yorkville. Miss Lola Castles of Spartanburg, is visiting Miss Minnie Whiteside in Hickory Grove. Mr. Paul McNeel and family of Charlotte, visited relatives and friends in Yorkville, this week. Miss Edith Phillips of Springfield, S. C., is visiting the family of Mr. s. L. Courtney, in Yorkvllle. Mr. and Mrs. John Moore, of Richmond, Va., visited Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Stroup, in Yorkvllle, last week. Mr. and Mrs. Louis Roth and children, of Yorkville, left this morning to spend awhile at Asheville, N. C. Miss Jennie Beard Mackorell who has been visiting friends in Greenville, has returned to her home in Yorkville. Mrs. L. D. Andrews and Miss Martha Ashcraft of Monroe. N. C., are visiting Mrs. It. K. Heath in Yorkville. Mrs. T. W. Speck and son, Master Thomas, of Yorkville, have returned home after a visit to relatives in Charlotte. Mrs. Bratton Hughes and daughter of Yorkville, left last week for a visit to relatives and friends in Rutherfordton, N. C. Mr. P. B. McAfee of Yorkville No. 1, has been taking a short vacation at Garrett's Springs, in Gaston county, N. C. Miss Myrtle Barron of Shelby, N. C., and Miss Annie Ferguson of Savannah, Ga,, are visiting Mrs. John P. Love, on Filbert No. 1. Mrs. Ida Wylie and daughter, Miss Rachel, have returned to their homo in Yorkville, after spending some time in Montreat, N. C. Mrs. Julia Grier and daughter. Miss Mary, formerly of Sharon, but now of Due West, are the guests of Mrs. Mary Crosby in Yorkville. Mrs. Belle Alston, who has been spending some time in Hendersonville, N. C., has returned to her home in Yorkville. Mrs. H. H. Crosland and children, of Bennettsville, are visiting Mrs. Crosland's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Sam M. Grist, in Yorkville. Mr. and Mrs. James Simril and Mrs. Jane Craig of Yorkville No. 7, are visiting relatives and friends in Lancaster county. Miss Margaret Williford of Sumter, who has been visiting friends in Uiwryville, is spending a few days with Yorkville relatives. Mrs. H. C. Sowell, who has been visiting her mother, Mrs. Alice Mc Knight, on Yorkville Nu. ?. has returned to her home in Kershaw. Misses Kate Klliott and Mary Allen returned to their homes in Hickory, X. t\. this morning, after visiting Miss Mary Henley Willis, in Yorkville. Congressman Finley, being the dean of the South Carolina delegation in congress, was appointed by Speaker Clark to attend the funeral of Mrs. Woodrow Wilson at Rome, (la., today, its South Carolina's representative from the house. Miss Hattie McAfee, who has been at the Nashville, Tennessee city hospital for the past three years as a trained nurse, is visiting ttie family of her father Mr. I*. R. McAfee on Yorkville R. F. D. No. 1. She expects to remain at home for a week or two. Treasurer Niel, whose illness with stomach trouble, has been noted, was somewhat better yesterday and this moaning, but is still far from well. He is aide to sit up and walk about, and to attend to such business as scents to require his personal attention: but must be very cautious about exerting himself. Many friends have been calling to see him at his home on East Liberty street, where they find him chafing, first about the writing of some fourteen thousand tax receipts. an annual task that begins to fall due next month, and second about his inability to go around with the county campaigners. He has been making it a rule to canvass the county with the campaigners every two years, whether he had opposition or not. and notwithstanding the fact that he Is in for a four-year term this time without opposition, he is as keen to make the canvass as ever. His many friends hope he will be able to be up and about again soon. CANDIDATES AT ROCK HILL The county campaign meeting at Rock Hill last Saturday took place in the airdome, with Mr. B. Jennings White presiding. There was not much enthusiasm or interest manifested, the audience numbering only about 200 at the beginning and dwindling to 25 or 30 toward the close. The legislative candidates and the candidates for superintendent of edu cation were the principal speakers, such of the candidates for the other offices as spoke at all confining their remarks for the most part to a few words of introduction. All of the legislative candidates were present except Dr. Saye and the chairman announced that he was kept away because of the need for his services at home with a very sick patient. The principal subject of discussion among the legislative candidates, or at least the subject in which the audience seemed to take the most interest was the action of the alleged caucus previously referred to by Mr. Hutchi son, at ogaen ana nrzan. Most of the candidates while not engaged at the place of meeting put in their time visiting the stores, mills, workshops and other places where the voters of the town could be found; and they kept up their work throughout the day. A. E. Hutchison, Candidate for the house, was the first speaker. He said that if elected he would do all in his power to aid the hail storm sufferers. He denounced as false a report that he had at one time worked under W. D. Crum, the negro who was formerly collector of the port at Charleston, and produced a letter to prove the fact. He repeated what he had said at Ogden and read an editorial which he said was written by Mr. Thos. F. McDow and which inveighed against factionalism in the selection of legislative representatives. Because of subsequent political developments he was becoming doubtful of the sincerity of the writer of the editorial. He was not prepared to say of his own knowledge that a caucus had been held in Yorkville, on July 31; but he had seen statements to that effect in the papers and had heard rumors in various quarters. He had been told at McConnellsville that the people of that section had been instructed as to the "line-up." Then at Ogden, Dr. Saye had confirmed these reports; but claimed not only that there was nothing secret about it but that it was composed of representative York county citizens. "I ask Dr. Saye, now," Mr. Hutchison went on, "to name one citizen of Rock Hill or one Bleaseite who was in that caucus." There was not a single Bleaseite there. Do you voters call that a wide open caucus. It looks to me as if they are trying to force gag rule upon us. Some of the candidates have admitted that they are running as the endorsees of that caucus, and I am at a loss to understand how they can do this without violating the oaths they took on the filing of meir pieuges. upon me cuuuiusiun ui his address, Mr. Hutchison was applauded and was presented with a bouquet of flowers to which was attached a card which read: "From the voters opposed to the rule of Tammany Hall in York county." On receiving the flowers Mr. Hutchison arose and said that he would keep the flowers until after August 25, when he would lay them on the political grave of the boss of York county's Tammany Hall. S. N. Johnson. Mr. Samuel N. Johnson stated his position on various questions as he had done previously. The state, he said, gets two dollars back for every dollar it spends on education. He said he would cast no vote for unnecessary taxation, malice or revenge. He referred to the fact that he had been defeated two years ago because of the drawing of 22 of his votes out of the I u ~ T_T that uua aim mtr ncvuuii. nr uupcu m^v he had gained 22 additional supporters since then so out of an aggregate of 44 majority he could spare the loss of 22 drawn out like those of two years ago and still be a winner. T. F. Lesslie, Candidate for the house said hewould attempt no speech for the reason that he was among his own people. He had never held a public office except that of school trustee. He favors the upbuilding of the common schools. He saw no need for the enactment of additional laws until there is better enforcement of the laws we have. The present roud law-is entirely satisfactory. he declnred. J. C. McAbee, Candidate for the house said that if elected his mouth would be as bie as that of the next man in the legislature. He would try to do his duty as he saw it and would not ask re-election if he did not do so. The people of the eastern side of the county had good roads compared with the roads on the west ern side which, he suid were dangerous to walk over much less to ride over. E. Gettys Nunn, Of Rock Hill, told the voters that he had the endorsement of the mill workers, farmers and those engaged in other industrial occupations. The mill workers polled about one-fourth of the votes of the county, and they thought they should be entitled to representation. E. W. Pursley. Mr. Kmmett W. Pursley of Bethany, said he had found he was a stranger to most of the folks in the eastern section of York. He was becoming better acquainted each day. He was a novice as a politician, he said. The speaker said he was an ardent admirer and supporter of Winthrop college and would ever work for her advancement. Mr. Pursley said there was too great a step between the rural schools and the colleges. The country schools must adopt higher branches of study in order to prepare their pupils to enter col.'ege. He was opposed he said, to state-wide or county-wide compulsory education, but could see no objection to a local option compulsory education bill for the various school districts throughout the county. W. B. Riddle. Mr. Wm. B. Riddle said he was seeking re-election on his past record. At the lirst legislative session of which he was a member, he had answered 256 out of a total of 257 roll-calls. As for being the candidate of the caucus held in Yorkville, Friday, July 31, he denied the charge. The forty or fifty members of that caucus had endorsed him and if he could get 4,000 additional endorsements he said he would surely be elected. He was anulauded. W. R. Bradford. Mr. W. R. Hrudford of Fort Mill, said he had made his first public speech at Tirzah last Friday. He knew of no one in his own community who opposed his candidacy. He was friendly to the people of Rock Hill, even as he was friendly toward the people of all sections of York. Mr. Bradford said he would always fight against the co-ordination of the College for Women in Columbia, with the University of South Carolina. The proposal was a scheme of real estate men for financial gain. The speaker said he did not think the state of South Carolina was ready for compulsory education. He thought the Bible should be read in all the public schools. "We are getting too far away from our old standards of living." Mr. Bradford was well received. W. J. Cherry, of Rock Hill, said he thought he was well known by his fellow citizens, since oe had been going in and out among them for the last twenty-five years. There were no issues in the campaign, since all the candidates seemed to be agreed. Mr. Cherry said he thought the auspices were favorable for the removal of the ten per cent of illiteracy in South Carolina. Every citizen who knows me, knows 1 will be the favorite of no class if elected to the legislature. The county of York is but a big corporation, and I will rep resent the humblest and the highest of I that corporation. Mr. Hutchison's charges had a tendency to mis-represent him. he said. The implication is that we have boss rule in York county. So far as I am concerned, argument in refutation of the charge is not necessary. I have too much Scotch-Irish in me to be the tool of any man. (Applause). Mr. Hutchison had said he meant nothing personal in his declaration and the speaker said he was willing to accept the statement. Mr. Cherry read a paragraph from The Enquirer of August 4, in regard to factional alignment in the county, part of which article Mr. Hutchison had1 previously read. The speaker could I not understand why Mr. Hutchison had not read the whole of the article, and then proceeded to do so himself. Mr. Cherry said that before the Filbert picnic numerous friends had come to him asking that he make the race for the house. The call was urgent and he had been asked to announce his candidacy at Filbert. The good citizens of Yorkvllle had hrkl/1 n niinforonoo thn rlnv nf tho nip nlc. This caucus had selected Messrs. Saye, Riddle, Lesslle and Spratt as Its legislative ticket. These men were to stand on a platform of law and order and the best interests of the state. Mr. Cherry said he felt that he need not enter the race after such good men had been named, but his friends had contended that at least one Rock Hill man should be in the race. Then Dr. Spratt of Fort Mill, had withdrawn, and the speaker said that while he did not enter as a substitute for Dr. Spratt, he believed he had a better chance for election on account of the withdrawal. It was not he purpose of the caucus to "freeze out" anybody and the speaker said that if his own position was wrong, then Mr. Nunn, who said he was the representative of the mill workers, was in the same position. In conclusion, Mr. Cherry said he wanted tho pntlnrypmpnt i\f tViA Vnrlfvllla rnil cus as well as that of the other voters of the county. He received much applause. E. M. Dickson. Mr. E. Meek Dickson of Yorkville. said he was no recent convert in his advocacy of advancement of the common schools. He favored liberal support of the Confederate veterans and said that if elected, his constituents would find him right? on every public question. J. S. Glasscock Said he stood for everything that is progressive. People get their living out of the land and for that reason they should be taught the easiest and best way of obtaining these products of the soil. He would If elected work for measures for the improvement of the county's agricultural interests. J. C. Cork, Of Rock Hill, candidate for election to the office of superintendent of education, said the present incumbent Mr. Carroll had done good work in the matter of building school houses, but had not paid much attention to the contents of the buildings?the teachers and pupils. The salary attached to the office of nu^riiiiiriiurui ui ruutauwn in iuu small, and hence the people have had to put up with the best they could get. If elected, Mr. Cork said he proposed to spend most of his time In visiting the rural schools. He would also select broad minded school trustees for the respective schools of the county. John E. Carroll, Candidate for re-election to the office of superintendent of education, said there was only one point in Mr. Cork's speech which he cared to notice and that was the matter of school visitation. There are 80 schools In the county and Mr. Carroll said he had visited each one from two to four times a year. "Country people will tell you that John Carroll has visited their schools more often than any other superintendent has done." Rural school visitation and careful supervision, the speaker said were his strong points. So far as the salary attached to the office was concerned, he was not like his opponent. He needed the money and were it not for the salary he would not seek the office. The meeting adjourned when Mr. Carroll concluded. LOCAL LACONICS Death of Mr. John P. Gage. Mr. John P. Gage, a native of Union, but for a number of years a citizen of Rock Hill, died at his home In Union last Friday. Mr. Gage was born on July 3, 1848. He was a Confederate veteran and was for many years editor of the Union Times. Night Meeting in Rock Hill. The county candidates held a night meeting in Rock Hill, last Saturday night, as the result of an invitation extended by Mr. E. Gettys Nunn, in behalf of the mill workers. Quite a number of candidates remained in town for the meeting and most of the legislative aspirants made the same speeches they made during the morning. A Tall Cotton Stalk. Mr. A. M. McGIll of the Rnmah section, informed The Enquirer yesterday that there is a cotton stalk in the field of Butler Joiner who works a farm on Mr. J. E. Biggers's place in that neighborhood. which is seventy inches high. \f r McfJIll HIH nut f hp atnllf * hut JtUIU. 1 III WVVUIIVU apiu At/. President Wilson has appointed Charles S. Hamlin of Boston, as governor. and Frederick A. Delano of Chicago, as vice-governor of the F?d?ral reserve bank board The ar n Kurope has given an enormous Impetus to the postal savings bank sys:em In all parts of the United States, iceording to reports being received by Postmaster General Burleson. ? Col. Robert A. Thompson, last sur- . riving signer of the Secession conven- " ion, died at his home in Walhalla last Priday, In the 86th year of his age. He vas a lawyer, soldier, statesman and vas for 47 years editor of the Keowee Courier. ? At a mass meeting of citizens of ^ Marlboro county held at Bennettsville V ast Friday, resolutions were adopted w isklng that Governor Blease call the egislature to convene in extra session >n August 15, for the purpose of adoptng a state warehouse act. joiner measured the stalk with a string and brought the string to his store for measurement in inches. Mr. McGill, however, knows Joiner well, and is willing to vouch for his reliability in the matter Poor Stands in Hail District. According to reports of a number of persons who have spent a great deal of time in the country stricken by the hail storm of July 6, farmers who have replanted their corn fields have poor stands. This condition is attributed to the poor quality of the seed. Most of the corn seed was of the yellow variety and a good part of it was in a damaged condition when It was received. Death of Mrs. Florence McGurkin. Mrs. Florence McGurkin, wife of Mr. C. E. McGurkin, died at the home of her husband at 4 o'clock this morning, near Sharon, the supposed cause of death being acute indigestion. She was about 24 years of age and a daughter of the late J. C. Whitesides. She is survived by her husband and two children, the latter being one and three years of age. Deceased was a niece of Julius A. Hope and attended his funeral at Sharon yesterday, the picture of good health. Funeral arrangements have not yet been announced. Killing of Miss Hawkins. It was not possible to get accurate Information over the telephone last Friday of the killing of Miss Bessie Hawkins, because no one who could be gotten to the phone seemed to know the facts. It appears that the surrey in which the young lady was driving was being driven by her brother. In the excitement incident to the scaring 1 of the mules at the motorcycle, she < jumped and fell on her head. After the inquest Mr. John Cameron, who i was riding the motorcycle was ar- i rested, 'and was subsequently released i on a bond of $500. Mr. J. A. Hope Dead. Julius A. (Toney) Hope, died at his 1 home one mile north of Sharon on the night of the 9th instant, of uraemic ( poison, aged 66. Mr. Hope was a native t:f the Sharon section, but had lived in , various sections of the county, and for a time in Chester county. He was a citizen of Yorkville for many years during the life of his brother, J. W. P, Hope. He was twice married, the first time to Sarah A. Ferguson by whom there are three surviving children, Mrs. Ella Cook of Yorkville; Mrs. U. M. Pursley of Rock Hill and Fred Hope <if Chester. His second wife was Margaret Whitesides who survives him together with the following children: Mrs. Myles Wallace; Baird, Juliam M. Sam M., and William B. Hope. The funeral was conducted at Sharon A. R. P. church yesterday, by Rev. E. B. Hunter and the interment was in the A. R. P. cemetery. DOWN IN MEXICO Looks Like Agreement Has Been Reached Between Opposing Forces. Mexico City. August 10.?A twohours secret cabinet council was held today and it is believed details of the transfer of the provisional government to the Constitutionalists was the chief theme. A special train was being held at the Buena Vista station tonight, presumably awaiting the departure from the capital of President Carbajal. A commission of followers of the late President Madero was expected to leave soon to confer with General Obregon regarding the best method of the entry of the Constitutionalists. Word has reached the capital that the city virtually is surrounded by Constitutionalists and the men of Emiliano Zapata, 45.000 strong. General Obregon has sent word that he will guarantee a peaceful entry of the Constitutionalists. It was unofficially reported today that the first army brigade of the Federals would leave this city for Puebla today, thus starting the evacuation of the capital. The city is quiet. The reins of government, it is now believed, will be peacefully transferred to a Constitutionalist government, while the Federal army of some 40,000 men will march out of the capital to a southern city, there to await developments after offering their services to the new government In exchange for guarantees. If these latter are not forthcoming, the Federal army leaders Insinuate they will combat the new administration. To carry out the new plan President Carbajal will turn over the gov- 4 ernment to Eduardo Iturbide, governor of the Federal district, and the head of the rurales. The latter will be used as a neutral force to patrol the capital during the interval of the departure of the Federal troops and the entrance of the Constitutionalists. Carbajal will go to Vera Cruz before the entry of the triumphant army, headed by General Alvaro Obregon, wno now is near luia wun a rorce or 25,000 men. Members of the foreign diplomatic corps here will go to Obregon's headquarters tomorrow to discuss plans for protection of the city. Much anxiety has been felt here of late over the proximity of General Zepata and his army, but this was greatly relieved today by announcement that Felipe Contreras, a representative of Zapata, had arranged with Carbajal for an armistice. Preparations for war have been carried forward on a large scale in the past few days, but they now have ceased. Three thousand rurales are ready to supplant the Federal army as soon as it vacates the city, though serious disturbances are now feared. A manifesto to be Issued by Carbajal will call upon the people to maintain law and order and to support the new government. As public opinion Is largely with the- new regime, no trouble is expected. MERE-MENTION The British government has requisitioned all privately owned air craft in England, for war service....The fast passenger ship, Mauretania, which put into Halifax, Nova Scotia, Thursday, with 2,400 passengers on board, in order to escape German cruisers, is to be convoyed to England by battleships and with its sister ship, the Lusitania, is to be converted into auxiliary cruisers The street cars of Havre, France, are being operated by women, while the men have gone to the war The president of the New York Central railroad has cabled its London agents, that it will gladly furnish free transportation to their homes for stranded Americans who reach New York The American liner St. Paul, left New York, Friday, for Liverpool, carrying the largest shipment of mail ever carried by an eastbound ship. Among the passengers was the Duchess of Marlborough, formerly Miss Vanderbilt, who is traveling second class Union labor officials estimate that 300,000 men are out of work in the United States as a direct result of the European war. New York city has 50,000 idle on that account Foreign governments have placed orders for 800,000 tons of coal with New York and Philadelphia dealers, during the naHt few rtnvn Wnllnnrinir on In vestlgatlon of the Western Cantaloupe < exchange, a Federal grand jury in Chicago, haa handed up indictments against seven corporations and twenty-eight individuals, charging violation of the anti-trust laws The Republican party of Kansas, has nominated ex-Senator Charles Curtis for the United States senate, over Jos. L. Bristow. The Democrats have nominated Congressman Geo. A. Neely. The women voted for the first time in a state-wide contest and cast about 35 per cent of the total vote of 216,000. Two negroes were lynched at Monroe, La., Friday, charged with the murder of an aged storekeeper. A 17year-old boy was lynched the day before for the same offense Miss * Pauline du Pont, one of Delaware's richest women, aged 87 years, died Friday at Wilmington, Del The agriculture departlnent's August forecast of the corn crop indicates a yield of 2,634,000,000 bushels, a decrease since the July report of nearly 300",- i 000,000 bushels. The report Indicates a wheat yield of 925,000,000 bushels. Copper production in the United States for the six months ending June 30, was 51,813,000 pounds There is no likelihood of the New York stock exchange being opened for business again until war conditions in Europe begin to show signs of settlemant Ton Movioana woro r? oooat . ed at Phoenix, Ariz., Friday, on suspicion. Later two of them confessed ? that they planned to loot several of ^ the banks of the city in order to get funds to finance another Mexican revolution Three men were wounded and two killed in Chicago, Friday night, in a fight with thieves who were trying to rob elevated railway stations Reductions of freight f rates of 30 to 40 per cent have been an nounced by steamship companies doing business from San Francisco to New York, effective as soon as the Panama canal is open for traffic. In some cases the rate from San Francisco to New York will be less than the rate from Chicago to New York, 900 miles Norway and Sweden have agreed to remain neutral during the struggle in Europe The general assembly of Georgia is adjourn- j ed today in order that the entire body 1 might attend the funeral of Mrs. Woodrow Wilson at Rome, Ga The town of Lancaster, N, H., is this week celebrating the 150th anniversary of its foundation Dr. Jose Vicente Coucha of the Conservative ? party, took the oath as president of PaI a m hln nn Cntu rH a \r Vf nnfanu is now celebrating the twenty-flfth anniversary of its admission to the Union Myron T. Herrick, United States ambassador to France, sailed for home on Saturday. He is to be succeeded by ex-Congressman William G. Sharp of Ohio According to a dispatch, the British legation in Dresden, Germany, was mobbed Fri- t day. All the windows of the building i were broken S. R. Ryan, a health officer of Northumberland. Pa., is in a ^ serious condition as the result of his having recently been attacked by a large rooster...... .Dr. Olaf Lange, a Chicago dentist, killed his wife and child and then committed suicide. Friday Several thousand applications' for places in the Canadian expeditionary force have been received by the ? army authorities from young boys of ~ the United States A woman, giving her name as Mary Cohen, and professing to be a trained nurse, surrendered to the police at Niagara Falls, N. Y? Saturday, declaring she had shot Mrs. Louise Bailey to death in the office of Dr. Edwin Carman at Freeport, N. Y., on June 30. Dr. Carman's wife Is held for the murder Mrs. Elizabeth Hall was convicted at Louise, Va., Saturday, of murder in the sec>nd degree, and sentenced to ten years n prison. Her victim was her hus>o ?,1 TKn Irillinir A/>nupra^ Anpll 1 f.