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' # __ _ _ _ ISSUED SEWI-WEEKL^^ It. u. 0EI8TS sons, Pnbiiihen. [ & ^fmtOg DeiEsjap^: jjor Ihif promotion of thf jpolitical, Social, Agricultural and Commercial Jntercsts of lh< |eojl<. J TI"5li!^^l'1T{!l!f''t' ESTABLISHED 1855." YORKVILLE, S. C., FRIDAY, -A-TJGUST 73^14 JSO. H3. > : S ALONE IN THE By JOSEPH Copyright, 1913, by Small. Maynard % 1 CHAPTER VII. Tanning a Bearskin. In the morning the first thing I determined to do was to get that skin f into some sort of condition. I laid it out on some cedar logs and fleshed it clean by scraping it off with rocks and pulling it over the logs. Next I took a sheet of birch bark and made a water tight dish. Filling this with water, I threw in some small pieces of rotten wood and began to I steep it over the fire. A birch bark dish will never burn below the water line. When the mixture had steeped enough I spread the bear hide flat on the ground with the hair side down ^ and poured the liquid from the birch bark dish upon it. By repeating this process several times the skin became tanned to a certain extent. A thorough drying was needed now. I singled out two sapplings about the proper distance apart, and. stretching the skin as much as I could. I laced it ; to the slender trunks with cedar bark. I had yet to work the skin and make it pliable and soft. Off and on I worked on that hide for about three days. During those > days I walked back to the trap and brought the remainder of the meat to my camp. Tearing with the grain, I ripped the meat into strips with my hands, roast- ! ing some for immediate use and put- ' ting the rest in the smoke hole. I used quantities of dirty wood in this smoking process, as I could get up a lot of ? *Vint "'ov TH ia cmnlfPil TTlPJlt wasn't particularly pleasing to look at, but it would keep and was nourishing. While this was not the first time I had ever trapped a bear in my life, it was the first time I had ever eaten any of the meat. In my years of experience as aguide, I had hunted and trapped all kinds of l game?animals and birds. But I had never eaten a pound of wild meat in my life, because I never liked it particularly. In fact, I had never eaten much fresh meat. Now I was compelled to eat it. I didn't relish it a bit. but after I devoured some I always felt stronger. t and I knew that it was just what I needed. Aside from the comfort of having that bearskin to throw over me at night and the supply of food I had obtained, I had secured in the sinews of that creature a lasting cord for my fire kindler. The inner bark of the cedar, while it had answered the purpose after a fashion, was not the best thing for sawing back and forth. It wore out too quickly. With the sinew string I would not have to use any care for fear of its ( breaking. I could work the bow with all my strength and the cord would not be affected in any way, producing the friction in much less time. There is no known substance for sinew that can equal its toughness and > lasting qualities. The Indians have a way of chewing it and stripping it into thin fibers, which they use as thread to sew moccasins and rawhide. I hadn't reached the sewing stage just yet. Since I had trapped the bear something had been prowling around my camp at night. I could tell by the sound that it wasn't a very large ani| mal, but as it kept coming I became curious to see what it might be. First I thought that the meat in my lean-to might have attracted a wildcat. Then the idea of a bear cub came into my mind. Anyway, I was bound to find out jus* what it was, so one night just before getting ready to turn in I let my fire Durn preuy low anu sui up waicmiiK for some signs of the visitor. On the other nights the sound of mf ' ^ mrn^m Mk?1W ^& *" nP j???y Joseph Knowles In Wilderness Garb. crackling twigs had always come just after my lire had burned out. Scarcely had the last glimmer of my fire flickered away when off in the uarnness 10 my rigm came me expnied sound. I had almost dozed off as I sat there, but I woke up <iuickly and listened. Straining my eyes in the direction of the noise. 1 could barely make out the outline of some animal. It was impossible to tell what it was, but I knew it was dark colored. As if suddenly switched on by an unseen electric current, two balls of light flashed in the darkness. The creature was looking at me too! The ( fire was between us. and as a lazy flame sputtered a moment before fading away I could see the reflection of the firelight dancing in those eyes! Presently the eyes disappeared. I seized a smouldering brand, and fan ; WILDERNESS KNOWLES & Co. ning it into flame, rushed toward thr spot. I was on the right track sure enough, for I nearly fell over whatever it was. It was so slow in getting away that I managed to get it between the dying fire and me. I was now convinced that the animal was a bear cub by the way it acted. Through the dim light from my brand, which was already burning low again, I saw that the creature was black. I couldn't see clearly enough to determine the head and hind, but I felt sure that my company was a clumsy young bear. My first thought was to catch him alive. The little fellow made a sudden turn and almost dodged past me, but I hurled the brand at him and drove him back toward the fire. He was literally between two fires! As the brand struck the ground It went out. With that the animal turned and ran directly toward me. Again he tried to rush by me, but I jumped in front of him and stopped him with my legs. Then I jumped again, but in a different direction! My supposed bear cub had turned out to be a hedgehog, and for some moments 1 was fully occupied removing quills from my legs. My bark chaps were ample protection against briers and brush, but not against quills of hedgehogs. My third week in the wilderness was already drawing to a close. Physically I was perfectly well. I had plenty of food and a comfortable bearskin, but mentally I was suffering. THE LITTLE [Drawn by the author In t I was terrible lonesome! The biggest temptation I ever had in my whole life came on the morning of August 28. I was on my way to the - - ? V*?-? <-1 lnot otnnno/1 of 51 I lllf) Clllu llau juol Olvj/pvu v/m w w? ? clump of bushes when I saw a real live human being kneeling: down to pet a drink. It was a man! I was so amazed that I couldn't move. I was just about to turn away and dash back into the timber when he looked up and saw me. He jumped back a little and stood looking at me keenly. Then the man said, "Hello, Joe!" in a kind of hesitating manner. I had never seen him before in my life, and an almost overpowering desire came upon me to talk to him?just a word or two with another human beins! "It will be all off?it will be all off!" kept singing through my brain. I stood there dumb for a second, then turned and went back into the woods. There I peered through the trees and watched the man go off to the left and disappear. I never caugni unumci giuuiiac "? that man again until after I had come out of the forest. He proved to be a Maine guide. Afterward he told me I was a wild looking thing in my bronze skin and scraggly beard. After seeing that one human being it was worse for me than ever. How much easier it was for me to tind food, lire and shelter than mental peace and contentment! Since getting my bearskin I had become obessed with the idea that the game wardens were on my trail, and 1 worked myself up into a bitter frame of mind concerning them. Hut 1 want to confine this particular phase of my mental suffering to another chapter. After seeing the man at the spring I hurried back to my camp and made quick preparations for getting out of ?K.,? ...i ?. ,.f n,,nn|pvr 1 nilt PVPrV thing I hail in my pack, including dried berries, smoaked fish and a quantity of smouked and dried meat. Then I rolled up my bearskin, placed it on top of the load and started down the trail. Fearing that the man might tell people he had seen me in that vicinity, I left a note for visitors on a tree close by the lean-to announcing that I should not return there. Then with my head down I walked and walked for miles. 1 don't know exactly where I slept that night in the forest, hut it was somewhere with my back against a tree. The next day I threw up a shelter on the northwest side of Hear mountain, which 1 used as a sort of headquarters for awhile. Constantly being obliged to wage battle with myself there in the wilder ness nus nicaui oik uiiii^.-, ?"? on-, which I keenly realize now that it is all over. It opened a new line of thought I had never followed before. Among other reflections alone in the woods 1 thought how sympathy was wasted out in the civilized world, especially in regard to the so called poorer class. I made up my mind that it is the middle class that suffers most. The middle class family that experiences reverses hits a comparison of living?just as I had in the forest? which makes it harder to bear. Those who have known nothing but poverty all their lives do not have this comparison, for they never had anything to lose. Yet nine-tenths of human sympathy goes their way simply because the human being in comfortable circumstances allows himself to judge the man and woman living in poverty from his own plane. This thought led me on to admitting that there is more real contentment in some hovels of the very poor than there is in some of the homes of the wealthy. XI X COU1U nave Iiau JUSl Ulic liuiiwin companion in the wilderness I would have been perfectly contented away from the luxury of the world. Human companionship is the greatest luxury I know of. My mind was starving. I began to wander farther from my lean-to, leaving it for whole days. On rainy nights I crept into some thicket to rest, while on fair ones I would pick out some tree and curl up on the ground close to the trunk. Every day I would say, "I'll stick it out just for today." Twice along the trails I had come upon the carcass of a deer, which in each instance had evidently been killed by wildcats. But in both cases the skin was so badly decomposed that it was impossible to use any of it. A oKnrt timn lotor T nnaupri thp hodv of a deer still warm. A cat must have killed it just as I approached and was possibly hiding near me in the thicket. Here was an unexpected find. While it was a small deer, it offered some sort of a skin, and every bit would help me now. I hunted around for the wild cat, but it was nowhere to be seen. Then I began to search for rocks with which to skin the animal, and presently finding some I commenced to work. Skinning a deer is a very different proposition from skinning a bear. Breaking the skin is not so difficult, and when once broken it peels off very easily. After completing the task I cut off ' 1.* M m ^~ ; ^ ij I j . " . a':' WHITE FAWN. :he woods on birch bark.] what venison I needed and hunted for a place to camp. I really dreaded the night now. It brought too many thought pictures of the outside world with it. I camped under the shelter of a big spruce blowdown that night. Having an extra skin and a fresh supply of meat helped me to decide to siick it out a little longer, which I did before I fell asleep. I felt myself very close to the wild creatures. I understood them because I was living among them and had lived among them before. Whenever I chanced to come across a deer on one of the trails that deer knew instinctively the moment she saw me whether or not I had an idea of doing her harm. She understood me very quickly, and I understood her. That is why the red deer and the little white fawn that came to my spring every morning were such good friends of mine. There isn't an animal in the forest that doesn't want to make friends with man. I had a flock of partridges in the woods so tame that two of them would actually follow behind me on the trail. I used to laugh at them. They were jealous for fear one would get nearer to me than the other. Whenever one would come quite close to me the other would peck at him and drive him back. One morning I came across four or five of these birds on the lower limb of a tree. As I went closer and began talking to them they daintily sidestepped on that limb for all the world like a lot of coquettish young women. Finally it got so I could put my hand out and touch them. They knew that I wouldn't hurt them. Under such conditions I never caught a partridge. It would have been a breach of confidence. When I needed a bird for food I went hunting for one, but in such instances I never made the bird feel that I was friendly. Those partridges I was speaking about on the lower limb of tha tree wanted me to touch them. They would playfully peek at my hand and dance coyly along the branch in a kind of teasing way, ey.ctly as a woman says "no" when she means "yes." As to the deer, they will get so tame that they will come right up to your lean-m ami eai uui ui yum uauu. wU cannot tame a deer by going to them. Arouse their curiosity and show that you will not harm them. While they are still curious they will never forget you. They see and smell you, and their curiosity will bring them back. (To Be Continued). The "Password."?At an eastern military academy the night guard heard a noise. "Halt! Who goes there?" he called in accordance with army regulations. It was another student bent on midnight frolic, and he answered. "Moses." This frivolous and utter disregard of military rule brought back the command, the guard probably suspecting the other's identity, "Advance, Moses, and give the Ten Commandments." | YORK COUNTY VOTERS. Who They Are, What They Do and Where They Live. AUTHENTIC DIRECTORY FOR WHITES. These Are the People Who Will Nominate Public Officers In the Approaching Primary Elections, Beginning August 2Sth. BETHEL CLUB. Wm. Ashley, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. B. F. Ashley, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. W. F. Armstrong, farmer, 3, Clover. S. E. Adkins, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. O. S. Armstrong, farmer, No. 3, Clover. J. R. Atkins, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. P. A. Brown, blacksmith, No. 2, Clover. T. u. Harnett, rarmer, ino. a, uiover. J. M. Barnett, merchant. No. 3, Clover. A. H. Barnett, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. J. W. Barnett, farmer. No. 3, Clover. J. W. Burns, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. R. M. Barnett, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville A. H. Barnett, Jr., farmer, 6, Yorkville. C. O. Boyd, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. E. N. Brandon, farmer, No. 2, Clover. G. L. Brandon, farmer, No. 2. Clover. P. C. Brandon, farmer, No. 2, Clover. J. L. Brandon, farmer, No. 2, Clover. J. E. Brandon, farmer, No. 2, Clover. T. E. Brandon, farmer, No. 2, Clover. T. N. Brandon, farmer. No. 2, Clover. H. A. Baird, miller, No. 2, Clover. E. C. Boyd, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. J. D. Boyd, farmer, No. 2, Yorkville. A. B. Brown, blacksmith, No. 2, Clover. \V. A. Bolin, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. G. C. Brandon, farmer, No. 2, Clover. D. M. Brandon, farmer, No. 2, Clover. I. Hi Campbell, farmer, No. 6, Y'ville. W. H. Chambers, farmer. No. 6, Y'ville. R. O. Clinton, farmer. No. 3, Clover. J. R. Currence, farmer, No. 2, Clover. J. L. Clark, farmer, No. 2, Yorkville. R. L. Campbell, farmer, No. 3, Clover. A. E Campbell, farmer, No. 3, Clover. T. M. Dilling, farmer. No. 6, Yorkville. T. N. Dulin, physician. No. 2, Clover. W. G. Davis, farmer, No. 2, Clover. R. J. Davis, farmer. No. 2, Clover. D. L. Davidson, farmer, 2, Yorkville. J. F. Ferguson, farmer, No. 2, Clover. J. G. Ferguson, farmer, No. 2, Clover. J. W. Ferguson, farmer, No. 2, Clover. J. B. Ford, farmer, No. 3, Clover. H. G. Ferguson, farmer, No. 2, Clover. S. A. Glenn, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. Smith Gordon, farmer, 6, Yorkville. T. J. Glenn, farmer. No. 8, Yorkville. W. H. Glenn, farmer, No. 3, Clover. S. S. Glenn, farmer, No. G. Yorkville. N. D. Glenn, farmer, No. 2, Clover. J. A. N. Glenn, farmer, No. 3, Clover. W. A. Harper, farmer, No. 2, Clover. A. F. Hilderbrand, farmer, 2, Clover. M. C. Hilderbrand, farmer, 3, Clover. H. L. Hoke, farmer. No. 2, Clover. \V. S. Hogue, farmer, No. 2, Yorkville. J. R. Hogue, farmer, No. 2, Yorkville. J. C. Harper, farmer, No. 8, Yorkville. H. L. Johnson, farmer, No. 6. Yorkville. W. G. Jenkins, farmer, No. 2, Clover. J. W. Jackson, farmer, No. 3, Clover. H. E. Johnson, farmer, 6, Yorkville. H. L. Garrett, miller, No. 2, Clover. W. C. Jones, farmer, No. 3, Clover. J. B. Kendrick, student, No. 2. Clover. R. C. Kendrick, far., 3, Gastonia, N. C. T. L. Lughridge, farmer, No. 3, Clover. E. N. Miller, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. J. M. Miller, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. R. F. Meek, farmer, No. 3, Clover. J. R. Moss, farmer, No 3, Clover. S. D. Meek, farmer, No. 2, Clover. F. A. Meek, farmer, No. 3, Clover. S. T. Meek, farmer, No. 3. Clover. R. R. Meek, farmer, No. 3, Clover. J. S. Meek, farmer. No. 3, Clover. J. B. Meek, farmer, No. 3, Clover. J. W. McFarland, No. 3, Clover. J. L. Moore, farmer, No. 3, Clover. W. T. McFarland, farmer, 3, Clover. T. A. McFarland, farmer, No. 3, Clover. J. J. Nicholls, farmer. No. 3, Clover. Kirk Nevins, farmer, No. 3, Clover. Daniel Nevins, farmer. No. 3. Clover. T. J. Nichols, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. H. C. Ormand, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. J. H. Patrick, farmer, No. 2, Clover. W. P. Pryor, farmer, No. 2, Clover. Z. A. Pryor, farmer, No. 2, Clover. T. J. Patrick, farmer, No. 2, Clover. W. P. Pendleton, farmer, 6, Yorkville. H. A. Quinn, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. T. B. Quinn, farmer, No. 2, Clover. J. A. Quinn, farmer, No. 2, Clover. R. L. Quinn, farmer, No. 2, Clover. W. B. Reese, sawyer, No. 3. Clover. R. S. Riddle, farmer, No. 2, Clover. D. A. Robinson, farmer, 6, Yorkville. J. S. Riddle, farmer, No. 2, Clover. T. H. Riddle, farmer, No 2, Clover. C. M. Rhyne, farmer,No. 8, Yorkville. J. F. Rhyne. farmer, No. 8, Yorkville. W. R. Robinson, farmer, 6, Yorkville. J. J. Robinson, farmer, 6, Yorkville. O. L. Robinson, farmer. 6, Yorkville. R. B. Riddle, farmer, No. 2, Clover. J. C. Smith, farmer, No. 6, Yorkville. W. Hi. Stowe, farmer, No. 3, Clover. S. W. Smith, farmer, No. 2, Yorkville. A. E. Sifford, farmer, No. 3, Clover. J. W. Smith, farmer, No. 2, Yorkville. J. B. Smith, farmer. No. 2, Yorkville. J. J. Stewart, farmer, No. 2, Clover. G. C. Stewart, farmer, No. 2, Clover. W. R. J. Stanton, landlord, 3, Clover. W. W. Stanton, farmer. No. 3, Clover. J. F. Smith, farmer. No. 2, Yorkville. H. G. Stanton, farmer. No. 3, Clover. J. S. Stewart, farmer, No. 3, Clover. J. G. A. Turner, farmer, 6, Yorkville. B. I. Walker, farmer, No. 3, Clover. W. N. Wallace, farmer, No. 3, Clover. J. B. Walker, farmer, No. 3, Clover. Jerry Walker, farmer, No. 3, Clover. R. I,. Williams, farmer, 6, Yorkville. W. O. Youngblood, far., 2, Yorkville. TIRZAH CLUB Green Adkins, farmer. Tirzah. Jas. Adkins, farmer. Tirzah. Sam Adkins, farmer, Tirzah. Kdw. F. Adkins, farmer, Tirzah. R. R. Allison, postmaster, Tirzah. David Allison, farmer, No. 2, Yorkville. Sam Allison, farmer, Tirzah. James Adkins, farmer, Tirzah. Joe Adkins, farmer, Tirzah. Boh Ashley, farmer, Tirzah. George Ashley, farmer, Tirzah. Ft. C. Barnette, farmer. No. 7, Yorkville. W. B. Bolin, farmer, No. 2, Yorkville. Thos. Brandon, farm., No. 2, Yorkville. Jackson Fterry, farm., No. 7. Yorkville. J. W. Branch, farm.. No. 7, Yorkville. Ij. S. Branch, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. Fred Bechtlcr, farm., No. 2, Yorkville. I'V.'inlf l^clttlpr farm V?? 9 W. A. Carroll, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. C. C. Carroll, farm., No. 7. Yorkville. C. A. Carroll, farm.. No. 7, Yorkville. \V. W. Condor, clerk, Tirzah. J. S. Chambers, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. J. M. Campbell, farmer, Tirzah. \V. M. Campbell, far., No. 2, Yorkville. J. A. J. Campbell, far., No. 2, Yorkville. P. K. Clinton, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. \V. E. Chambers, far., No.. 2, Yorkville. S. N. Craipr, farm., No. 2, Yorkville. W. C. Paris, farm., No. 2, Yorkville. 1). M. Pertruson, farm.. No. 2. Yorkville. Alex Pewell. farm.. No. 7, Yorkville. J. E. Pewell, farm.. No. 7, Yorkville. John Gardner, farmer, No. 7, Yorkville. R. H. Gardner, farm.. No. 7, Yorkville. J. W. Gardner, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. J. B. Gardner, farmer. No. 2, Yorkville. J. L. Garrison, farmer. Tirzah. \V. K. Gettys, farm.. No. 7. Yorkville. J. P. Gordon, merchant, Tirzah. W. S. Gordon, merchant. Tirzah. P. P. Hoffman, farmer, Tirzah. J. G. Hoffman, farmer. Tirzah. P. E. Hoffman, farmer, Tirzah. James Hofjan. farmer. No. 2, Yorkville. \V. G. Hope, faimer, No. 7. Yorkville. R. W. Hughes, physician, Tirzah. S. C. R. M. Hope, farm., No. 1, Rock Hill. C. C. Hope, farm., No. 1. Rock Hill. 1,. P. Hudspeth, farm.. No. 7. Yorkville. R. L. Hope, farmer. No. 7, Yorkville. C. Ij. Hudspeth, farm.. No. 7, Yorkville. I. D. Hudspeth, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. Rans Hawkins, farm.. No. 7. Yorkville. (>. W. Hartness, farm.. No. 7, Yorkville. I). 15. L. Jonas, farm.. No. 2, Yorkville. A. L. Jonas, farm.. No. 7, Yorkville. It. ('. Jackson, farmer. Tirzah. \V. 1''. Jonas, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. Ij. J. Jonas, farm., No. 7. Yorkville. \V. K. Jackson, merch., No. 7. Yorkville. J. I?. Lemons, farm.. No. 7, Yorkville. P. O. Lock, farm.. No. 7. Yorkville. Ferry Martin, farmer, Tirzah. J. It. McOuirt, farmer. Tirzah. M. I*'. Maddox, farm., N?t. 7, Yorkville. (7. Maddox. farm., No. 7, Yorkville. Mott Mosely, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. T. C. Neely, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. T. M. Gates, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. R. B. Oates, farmer, Tirzah. K. F. Oates, farmer, No. 2, Yorkville. W. T. Oates, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. W. A. Oates, farmer. No. 2, Yorkville. R. P. Rainey, farmer, No. 7, Yorkville, F. E. Smith, merchant, Tirzah. J. S. Sadler, farmer, Tirzah. J. R. Shlllinglaw, farm., 7, Yorkville. S. M. Shillinglaw, far., No. 7, Yorkville. Calvin Sexton farm., No. 7, Yorkville. Jess Sexton, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. E. H. Shillinglaw, far., No. 7, Yorkville. D. E. Sipes, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. R. E. Wingate, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. E. M. Williams, farm., No. 2, Yorkville. D. A. A. Watson, far., No. 2, Yorkville. D. N. Watson, farm., No. 2. Yorkville. J. R. Watson, farm., No. 7, Yorkville. R. B. Youngblood, agent, Tirzah. J. J. Youngblood, farmer, Tirzah. W. T. Youngblood, far., 2, Yorkville. MOBILIZING FOR WAR. How European Countries Get Their Troops Together. A distinguished army officer stationed in New York, has described for the Sun the process of mobilization in European countries. "Mobilization is really a simple thing," he said. "It merely means getting fighting men to the place they are needed, divisions, corps or garrisons, as the case may be. In the United States, there is no such thing as mobilization, because we have no reserves to mobolize. In this country, the process of gathering our forces is called concentration. For instance, we might assemble several army divisions in Houston, Tex. That would be concentration. "On the other hand, Germany, Russia, France and Austria have thousands upon thousands of men who have served in the army and are upon the reserve list for further serive when called upon. When the time ar uvt's, uicHt? u uups uiiu nit? it*aci vcn are mobilized. On the French border, Germany, for instance, has her most powerful forces. The first line of troops, those nearest to the border, are nearly up to war strength. "When war comes the reservist drops his pen or his shovel or whatever tool he may be using, and without more ado, hastens to the front. He has served in the army before, is really a veteran. He has known during the days of peace Just to what regiment and in Just what city or post he belongs. And he makes all possible speed for that post. I suppose that not more than 48 hours would be required to mobilize the entire French army. Germany Is equally as fast, while Russia and Austria, in military circles, are not supposed to be so well trained. War Their Business. "War is a business with the continental citizens and everything gives way to preparations for it. When the reservists are called out nothing interferes with their progress to their stations. The railroads are theirs and private business and pleasure stops. The government simply takes possession of what it wants. The reservist starts at a minute's notice, without gun, uniform or equipment of any sort. On his arrival, at the mobilization camp a big bundle is thrown at him. It contains everything he needs. He puts on his clothes, shoulders his ride and presto, the civilian has dis appeared and the trained soldier stands ready for war. Over here we have no conception of the celerity with which it is all done. "One of the most interesting: parts of the operation is how the military authorities keep track of the eligible men. In every village, town and city, lists are kept and the men who are on the reserve list must keep the authorities informed of their addresses. Then when the call to colors comes thousands upon thousands of automobiles, horses, motorcycles and now even aeroplanes, carry to each man the order to join his regiment. Sleeping villages are awakened as by a Paul Revere, horsemen passing through deserted streets shouting the word that me reservists are wanieu ior uuiy. Before morning an army is on the move. "In all countries in the war zone where government ownership does not exist, all public utilities are seized and converted to the use of the government. Everything possible is done to speed the civilian-soldier on his way to the front. Reservists who leave the country are obliged to leave their addresses with the authorities and they are called back by means of cablegrams, telegrams and other means of communication, directed by consuls and military' agents. Largely Routine Work. "The outward aspects of mobilization are largely routine and the result of office work. The big problem of the war heads is to decide where to mobilize and what forces to call upon. Therefore the most important part of the mobilization problem is a military secret in each country. "Naturally, France and Germany will mobilize on the frontier, which is small and shut off on either end by Switzerland and Belgium, neutral nations. "< >n the north Germany has a great advantage over Russia in mobilizing, because it has three railroad lines which can be used to convey troops as luainst Russia's one. If the Germans want to, they can mobilize at the north and cut off Russian Polland and part ol* flalicia before the Russians know what is happening. "In this country when we start to get troops together, we have to begin months in advance to arrange for transportation. Preparations for war in the United States outside of the army and navy are a joke. In Oerniany, France, Austria and Russia practically every citizen is liable to be called for war service and as a result, the whole nation takes the matter with the utmost seriousness. It is no picnic when the reservists start for the front. "The reservists are divided into different classes, according to the number of years which have elapsed since they quit active service. In all cases the practice is to summon them back tu the colors, with the latest to leave service first and the others in order." Women employed in the textile industry in Germany are in a majority over the men, there being 400,0000 females as against 371.000 men. In the clothing industry the women outnumber the men, there being 228,000 women to 97,000 men employed. ittisccUancous #ctuUn{). CAUSE OF THE WAR. Analysis of the Views of the Different Contending Nations. The triple alliance Is a defensive compact between Germany, Austria and Italy. Its effect for many years has been to ally the power and resources of the three nations in support of the diplomacy of any one of them. The entente cordiale, or triple entente, comprises Russia, France and the British empire. It grew out of an alliance between Russia and France. England under King Edward entered into the entente with the idea of a rapprochement between England and France more than with any thought of an offensive or defensive alliance. The lines or aemarcauon oeiween me two rival groups quickly became distinct, however. When Austria sent an ultimatum to Servia she probably did so with the approval of Germany. The Servian reply was sufficiently satisfactory to have admitted of mediation. But Austria declared war. This imperiled Russian interests in the Balkans. The czar mobilized his army as a protest against Austrian aggression. Germany announced that no nation would be permitted to interfere with Austria. She followed this with an ultimatum to Russia demanding that the czar c ease mobilization, and with a stmuianeous ultimatum to France demanding what the attitude of that nation would be in the event of a GermanRusslan war. Russia continued to mobilize and France's reply was unsatisfactory. Germany thereupon declared war on both countries. Italy, seething with anarchy and socialism and exposed on every side to hostile naval action, with a huge army in Tripoli and an exhausted treasury, has sought to evade the issue. She declares that her agreement with Austria and Germany requires her to help them only in case of a defensive war, and denies that this war is defensive. The object of Italian statesmanship is to preserve neurality. The situation may even compel her to go over to the entente. England's interest is twofold; first, to maintain the balance of power in Europe and prevent German aggrandizement; second, to preserve her commercial supremacy, which Is being seriously challenged all over the ...?i -i i V> in III uy UCI man uaucio. England permit France to be conquered, the resulting stupendous Increase in German prestige and resources would seriously threaten the integrity of the British empire. The kaiser has been the dread of England for years. Aside from its agreement with France and Russia, London sees in the situation an opportunity to crush its most formidable competitor. War for England becomes a precautionary movement in self defense. It is with France a struggle for life: with England and Russia, a conflict for precedence. Material increase in the military establishment last year put Germany in the best condition possible for the war. The nation has been fervid with enterprise and ambition. It has been dreaming of supremacy on the ocean, of outlets for trade, of empires beyond the seas. Diplomacy has failed to get ill that Germany wants. She has put her fortune to the test. Back of the territorial ambitions, racial animosities, religious hatred and factionalism which have induced the war is the struggle of Germany for expansion and England to prevent it. Just as the winning of the oceans Is the goal, so on the oceans the final verdict will be given. The kaiser undoubtedly hopes to strike fast and sure. He expects to annihilate France in a few weeks and then turn on Russia. If he succeeds he may not be one whit better off than was Napoleon who conquered all of Europe only to fall a victim at last to England's control of the sea. It seems, in fact, as if Germany had undertaken too titanic a task. It is improbable that the French armies will prove weak. It is a different France frbm that of 1870. In addition, the menace of the Russian armies must not be underestimated. The Slavs know how to fight and seldom have they known how to be finally whipped. Germany's position becomes more difficult when the sea is considered. The French and the English navies are in units ponderously superior. The Baltic and North Sea ports can be effectively closed. The Mediterranean is now a closed sea. In a long war, the scarcity of provisions will handicap the whole German campaign. Unless there is an unexpected German naval victory, in a really decisive engagement, the empire will be hobbled. In finance the assets of the triple , alliance do not match those of the United States alone. Germany, however, possesses her own arsenals and factories. She can commandeer most of the things which money buys? wages, services, etc. She also has enormous supplies of war material. Her weakness is in foodstuffs, and it is difficult to see how she could obtain these, no matter how much money was available, unless able to maintain at ' least one open port. II is luie m propiicsy. nuiiuicuu on land, a Xelson on the sea, may overturn all probabilities. Individual solidiers or sailors of one nation are about as brave as those of another. The brain that uses them as pawns determines the issue. There are a thousand factors which settle the I event. The vastness of the combatants precludes any estimate of prob- I able results. i Yet one thing is apparent. This I war could readily have been postpon- < ed, but the passionate, hysterical arm- < ing of the great powers meant that < sooner or later the stupendous con- i tliet was inevitable. Demands on i Servia would have been made even if ? the Austrian heir had not been killed. 1 Somebodv had decided that the ports I of the Kalkans must be for the use of I central Europe, not in the future, but now. Here again the commercial < aspect of the strife is emphasized. It s may be an anticipated rather than a i prepared war, but the attitude of 1 England, which seems ready to strike. 1 implies the assumption that she con- 1 ceives it to be a challenge, long studied 1 and deliberately made. The origin of the tragedy is lost in the new developments. Servia drops out of the equation. The ultimate issue, stripped of all the subordinate but vital hopes involved, is commerce. That is the basis of all German policy and likewise, of England.?Philadelphia Ledger. RELIEF OF AMERICANS Government Will Send Sufficient Gold in Warship. Washington. August 4.? Relief for the tens of thousands of Americans in European war zones will be extended through every available power. Millions in gold will be sent on a warship for American needs. Officials of the state, war, navy and treasury department conferred on plans to co-ordinate the work. For immediate relief, President Wilson asked congress to appropriate $2,500,000. This, with the $250,000 appropriated yesterday by congress, will be started across the Atlantic tomorrow night on the armored cruiser Tennessee. Bankers and export companies also will add $5,000,000 to $8,000,000 on the Tennessee. The Tennessee will carry government officials to distribute the gold at European ports for American diplomatic bureaus to aid stranded Americans. A canvass today of the available ships revealed that with the exception of six ocean liners flying the American uug, mere are umy iniriy transports, coastwise ships and other vessels of American register available for transporting Americans home. The latter would carry about 7,000 passengers, so that a total of nearly 16,000 people could be transported, according to estimates. The state department estimates that of the 100,000 or more Americans in Europe, 20,000 urgently want to return. The others have money enough to stay in Europe until a second trip Is made. Should more Americans want to depart, the only thing administration officials think can be done, is to charter vessels own eu uy neuwui countries. Details of the transportation problem will not be worked out for several days. Secretary Garrison voiced the view of administration officials that there was no particular reason for alarm. "There can be no peril to Americans abroad," he said, "as the first thought of the warring nations naturally will be to look out for the safety of foreigners, particularly Americans. I do not feel disturbed in the slightest degree." Secretaries Bryan and McAdoo hastened to the Capitol after the president's message requesting the J2.500,000 for an American relief fund had been read in both houses. The appropriations committee quickly determined to recommend the provision. "The two and a half million dollars the government will send over will be for the relief of Americans who have exhausted their funds and meir leuers 01 creau, saia secretary McAdoo. "This fund will be disbursed by the government only to Americans who are without funds or provisions to get them. At the same time, the New York bankers will send to Europe $5,000,000 or $10,000,000 for the relief of Americans who still have credits." Adolph C. Miller, member of the Federal reserve board, is active in charge of the financial end of the relief campaign. With every prospect of its being passed by the senate tomorrow, the bill amending the Panama act to provide for the admission of foreign built ships to American registry for the foreign trade was favorably re ported from the interoceanic claims committee during the day by Senator O'Gorman. President Wilson and his cabinet and congress today was busy with plans and legislative measures for the relief of Americans abroad, the continuation of trans-Atlantic shipping to move crops and the strengthening of domestic financial conditions. The president asked congress to appropriate $2,500,000 in addition to the 1250,000 granted yesterday for Americans in Europe. Action will be taken by both houses tomorrow. The armored cruiser Tennessee will sail Thursday, for various European ports with this sum, as well as several millions in gold from New York bankers, designed to give Americans immediate funds and facilitate their departure. Official notice came from the German government that Americans would not be permitted to leave the German empire during the period of army mobilization, which will be continued for ten days. Conferences were in progress throughout today at the state, treasury, navy and war departments on details of relief plans. A systematic search for steamships to carry Americans home was begun. President Wilson signed the bill amenuing tne Aiaricn-vreeiana iaw 10 place more than II,000,000,000 Into domestic circulation if needed to prevent financial stringency. The president issued a proclamation of neutrality, warning United States subjects of their rights and duties on account of the existence of a state of war in Austria, Germany, Servia, Russia and France. The Americam Red Cross decided to place its army of nurses, physicians, etc., at the disposal of the powers at war. * j Deafness a Heritage.?An examina- ( Lion has been made of the records of ( 4,f>00 marriages of the deaf, and it i has been found that, while taking the j marriages of deaf persons as a whole, j nearly 9 per cent of the offspring are ' deaf, and contrasted with less than 1 :>ne-tenth of 1 per cent of deaf children as a result of the marriages of ] normal persons, a very different and ! nuch more favorable result is obtain- ] ?d if it be found that the deaf parents had no trace of previous deafness in I :heir families, says the "Family Doc- 1 or." j Marriages or aear persons wunoui i leaf relatives is no more likely to re- ' suit in deaf children than any mar- ( iage in the community at large, while i carriages of hearing persons who lave deaf relatives is just as likely to j -esult in deaf children as the mar"iage of the deaf. THE COUNTY CAMPAIGNERS. Full Meeting Held AY Ogden Cn Wednesday. ALL CANDIDATES HAVE THE FLOOR. Mr. A. E. Hutchison Makes Sensational Charges of Bossism and Caucus Rule ?Or. Saye Declares That the Caucus Was Held With Open Doors?Other Candidates Disclaim Factionalism. a? A A V, . nAArtlo eaoMontfl AIJUUL IWU IlUHVll vu , icoiu^iivo of the Ogden community,* gathered at Ogden school house, Wednesday, to hear the candidates for county offices. Although the weather In the early morning threatened to be bad, the clouds finally drifted away and when the meeting was opened, the sun was shining brightly on the attentive audience. The speakers were stationed on the back porch of the school building and the audience was seated on the lawn. All the candidates for the legislature were present except Mr. McAbee, and most of the others were on the grounds. Candidates for the legislature spoke first and were allotted fifteen minutes each. W. J. Cherry, Esq., was the last speaker of the morning, and at the conclusion of his remarks an hour's adjournment was taken for dinner. An ~^~" mooi whl/>h lnf>lnd?d nlentv ciauui ate mcut, ?. ...v.. ,? of good, wholesome soup, was served to the visitors. The candidates for the other offices were heard In the afternoon. Each speaker was allowed ten minutes, but few of them, however, took up their allotted time. Most of them confined their remarks to a brief announcement of their respective candidacies. The feature of the meeting was the declaration of A. E. Hutchison, Esq., candidate for re-election to the house, that Messrs. Thos. F. McDow and J. Steele Brice of Yorkville, were the political bosses of the county and that these men in a caucus in Yorkville, last Friday, had decided upon Messrs. W. B. Riddle, W. J. Cherry, J. H. Saye and # T. F. Lesslie, and had passed out the word to their adherents that this was the ticket that they would support. While no comment was made by the audience, it could be seen by the expressions on the faces of many, that they were surprised more than a little. The declaration of Mr. Hutchison was the chief topic of conversation among the audience during the dinner nour, and in the afternoon after the meeting was adjourned. Superintendent of Education John E. Carroll presided, and Mr. R. D. Sealy opened the meeting with prayer. E. M. Dickson. Mr. E. Meek Dickson, the first candidate introduced to the audience, said he had been brought out at the solicitation of his friends and against his own inclination. He explained that he was not accustomed to public speaking, and confined himself to d. brief announcement of his platform. He favors better education for the masses and thinks the local option plan the best solution of the liquor question. If elected, the speaker declared, he would be the legislator of no class or faction. He would represent all his ^ people and would ever be found working for constructive legislation. J. S. Glasscock. Mr. J. S. Glasscock of Catawba townshin. said he had been taught to do, ? rather than say things. He had no promises to make to the people. He had already served two terms in the legislature and his past record was before the people. If elected, he said, his record would be in keeping with the past. There were really no issues before the people at this time, he said. All the candidates favored better roads, better school facilities, etc. There was no use in promising tax reduction, since it was impossible, as most of our taxes are local. The speaker favored amending the school laws so as to require school trustees to provide transportation for children living a long distance from the school houses. Compulsory education, Mr. Glasscock said, looked good at first sight. But he did not think it would be a good thing for South Carolina. He did, however, favor a local option compulsory education law. o. (X. jonnson. Mr. Samuel N. Johnson of Yorkville, the third speaker, said that he .was only a plain farmer. He was opposed to a state-wide compulsory education law, but did not think he would oppose a local option bill on the subject, because he favored local self government in every particular. Mr. Johnson said he did not think there was a York county boy or girl who really wanted to go to school and was suffering for lack of an opportunity. Turning his remarks to the subject of roads, the speaker said he did not know whether the chaingang should be abolished or not. He did, however, think there should be a change in the manner of county government. He favored the abolishment of the office of county supervisor and advocated the division of the county into three districts, each district to have a commissioner who should be in charge of the roads and finances thereof. The candidate said he was no lawyer, but that he knew more statutory law than any other layman in the county. This knowledge, he suggested, might be used to advantage in the legislature. Referring to the race for the house and the vote two years ago, the speaker declared he was in that race, and it was still a matter of doubt as to whether or not he was elected. Mr. Johnson received applause. A. E. Hutchison. A. E. Hutchison, Esq., of Rock Hill, candidate for re-election, declared that ne was again set-King me sum ago ui the voters because he believed that In view of his past experience in the legislature, he was in a position to be of better service. York county, he said, had as a rule returned very few of her representatives to the legislature. He could not recall a single instance where a York county legislator had risen to the chairmanship of an Important legislative committee. This was not on account of lack of ability and brains, but rather because of the short time they were alowed to remain in that body. The speaker said that if he was returned to the house he would stand a good chance to be chosen chairman of the judiciary, the second most important committee in the house. He referred to the present war situation in Europe, and said that in the event Governor Blease called a special session of the legislature, the purpose jf which session would be to enact Inirl oln f. , r? tKo nrntnnt Inn r\f Va / ? farmers, he would be a member, and would do all in his power to help formulate a scheme whereby the farmers might hold their cotton. Declaring that he stood on the same platform on which he was elected two years ago. Mr. Hutchison said he was the candidate of no clique, but the representative of all the people. "No political boss has been consulted In regard to my candidacy; no set of men has brought me out," he said. He read a paragraph from the Rock Hill Herald, of Saturday, which announced the holding of an anti-Blease caucus in Yorkville, last Friday. Thos. F. McDow and J. Steele Brice if Yorkville, are the political bosses of the county Mr. Hutchison declared. What they say goes. These men make mt a ticket to suit themselves, draw the candidates to suit them, present (Continued on Page Four).