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IS8OTD 9BMl-WEEgLT. __ l *. gkist'S sons, Pakiiihen. [ ? jfantiii jHrajaptr: Jfflr thi |romotion of th< political, jlscial. Agricultural and ?ommei(tial Jntmsts of thi JfogU. {T88*BOL^opT.Erivi!<cE?T^l'CB' ESTABLISHED 1855. YORKVILLE, 8. C? TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 19Q6. ISTO. 91. SOUTH CftROUt _T How the Spirit of Libert, Unconqucra By REV. ROBER From the Yorkvllle Enquirer of 1170. I INSTALLMENT L. General Greene at the High Hilla of j the Santee. From Orangeburg, as we have seen. General Greene retired with the larger portion of his army to the High Hills of the Santee. After the battle of Qulnby bridge, the partisan leaders? Lee, Sumter. Marion and others?repaired to the camp of Greene. The principal ODjeci L<ee naa in view tn selecting this locality for his camp, was to discipline his troops and receive reinforcements from North Carolina and Virginia. The locality was also chosen with special reference to the health of his army. For a period of near seven months, the army of Greene had been doing hard service on what may, with the utmost regard to truth be called rations of the most ordinary kind. Many of the soldiers were sick. This is not a matter to be wondered at; but It Is a matter of wonder that the whole of Greene's army had not fallen down dead. They had marched?some of them?from near the centre of South Carolina, acroes the whole of North Carolina into Virginia, pursued by two of the moat dashing officers in the British army. From the Dan they had marched to Camden, South Carolina; from that point they marched to Ninety-Six; from Ninety-Six they retreated across the state as far as Chester. From that point they went to Orangeburg; and some of them as far as the city of Charleston. During all this time they were pressed by hunger and privations of every kind and pursued or watched by veteran foee. The hardships which these men had endured and the privations which they had experienced are almost incredible. During this time they had fought I many battles and won several grand I victories. They had broken tne power of the British and humbled the Tories. The British had pot been reposing, during this time, on beds of dprfn and feasting on thq luxuries olj thp earth. From t?e day thai; Greeny pftched Ws c&mp on Hobkirk'e Hilk the living of Brijtlph army became preoartoua. ^b?y d^p^ndfl^ Oft supplies sent them m, QlMufl99V>ft by wagon trains. V?b Pftt^foWng parties of Greene, \ by- L*?. Sunnier and the Invincible M|rtoft and other partisan leadara of less not* *?<*>**> failed tA WAfter the battle of Qutuby- bridge, tbb Brittsh made Orangeburg their bfadftUftHefS- Per? they l**t that the Vendition ?f things had changed. Ybrir VOftWlasary stores had beoome exhausted and they were forced to live almost entirety on beef which they ^ tb*,r Mves from sur-roundlng country. Greene tpfut master of the position, He had Virtually reaoued the state front the Prtttsh. The Tories and loyallata-were heart broken, The High Hills of the Santee are tn Sumter county, east of the Watoree river about Ave miles, These hilla extend In a northeastern direction, nearly parallel with the Wateree river for a distance of between fifteen and twenty miles. The climate compared with that of the more southern sections of the state Is delightful and healthy. In this favored region the sick In Greene's army rapidly recovered their health and the tired and broken down regained their strength. There Is an item of historic interest connected with these Santee HIUp, which we must not omit. When, Qh^s. Edward, the grandson of Jjamjea H Wa* defeated at the battle; olj. Gulden. Ms followers were placed lu, a n*o*t orltl cal concytjioo^. irven\ naiq vur untjai^y., Jolted the Y-ouug Pret?nde?rpijhet4 although convinced of the frult^esa^its of t*e attempt t? reinstate a Stewart upon the throne of Great Britain. had under the prompting* of Rational pride?although contrary to their- judgment and Intereat?supported the claims of the Pretender. Multitudes of the Scotch, ^ho had either taken up arms In support of the claim* of Charles Edward or otherwise supported his cause were apprehended. Old men trembling with the Infirmities of years, were executed. The heart of George the III at last sickened, and he granted his once rebel, but now vanquished subjects a conditional pardon. The conditions were that they take the oath of allegiance?and emigrate to the plantations. These Highlanders ?at least many of them?preferring banishment to either death or the humiliating condition to which they, l^d) been reduced In their na^ve I^lu,^ accepted the offer of. the kifQjg. To, a, paft of those pttnjni^ed, the region of ^ounjfy a,puD,d| tftgh H'Ua of fhf Steffi wa% gi^n^ed-. Reaching fh^ coa^t of J^orth Carolina they were drfvefl by contr&ry winds Into Cape Fea^. Following the course of the rjv?f they in process of time occupied $ large tract Of oountry of which Proas creek, afterward Cfcmbleton and now Fayettevllle was the centre. The lands reserved for these exiled Scots *"*" ? aflsmrawts ?no ?ts/t /> or?mP Vlf? TTRP *** vv< " hi q>n*it?v? %w ?? ? -- gjnjans and by them settled. Prominent among these settlers, may be mentioned General Thomas Sumter, and General Richard Richardson. The first settlers In the region bore the names of Chellet, Furman, Mathers and Nettlers. Richard Richardson was a surveyor, a profession at that day held In high repute. By him the lands were located and some of them are still In the possession of his descendants. Whilst General Greene lay on the High Hills of tbe Santee. his militia were thoroughly drilled. During the first years of the war there were a very considerable number of persons In every section of the state who as far as Jt was possible remained neutral. They were neither British nor Tory. From the beginning of the contest they had entertained no hope that the colonies would succeed In throwing off the British yoke. The history of past Si iffRSWUIfiM y Was Kept Alive By an ible People. T LATHAN, D. I>. rebellions against the English government made them timid. When however, these individuals saw that Cornwallis and Tarleton were gone and Rawdon, Cruger and Balfour were unable to keep General Greene in check they came out to espouse the cause of the Whigs. These recruits, whilst they increased the number of men in Greene's army, did not render it more efficient because they were undrilled. For the short time that Greene remained on the High Hills of Santee, these new recruits were drilled that they might: be ready to meet the enemy. The successes of the southern army had already attracted the attention of the government and that the last blow might be struck and the arm of the enemy completely paralyzed, reinforcements were ordered.,to be sent to General Greene. Baron Steuben with a body of men, was assigned to the southern army. The order was countermanded and the baron did not arrive. A considerable force was sent from North Carolina. These Joined 1 AAMatv /vn tka vivuciai VJi ccin: m . uvuip wii wro High Hills of Saatee* Whilst Gen. Greens was preparing for a geneva) engagement the partisan leaders of the south, with their well tried corps* were harassing the enemy in every section of the state. Sumter and Pickens were operating against the Tories in the up-country, whilst Ifarion. Taylor and Maham were sweeping over the region between Orangeburg and Charleston. The British were reduced to so perilous a condition that they lived at the risk of their lives. The British soldiers were obedient to their officers, but all hope of subjugating the state had died in their breasts, and no small number of them were devising plans by which they might desert the standard of George the Third and Join the Americans. No doubt some of these n?n> lnfln?np?A kv nn nther motive than that whloh Impels men to espouse the cause which appears to be moat popular. Others were Impelled to desert the British standard because they believed the war was waged to estallsh tyranny. The Brtttah officers were careful to prevent all desertions and no less careful to conceal them from the world, when they could not prevent them. t INSTALLMENT U. Battle of KuUwr Spring. During the short period that the southern army under General Greene lay encamped on the High Hills of the Santee. a plan was devised to wrest Wilmington, North Carolina, from the hands of the British. MaJ. Craig with a garrison of aboct three hundred men held this place In subjection and by his Influence and exertion kept the people of North Carolina rent with internal feuds. In order to effect the ob ject In view It was necessary that every movement on the part of the Amer* cans be conducted with great secrecy. The army of General Greene had, whilst contending with the greatest difficulties, forced the British to give up their occupaney of all South Carolina and Georgia except the cities of Charleston and Savannah and their suburbs. Virginia was overpowered and the efforts of North Carottn* In behalf of freedom, to a great extent were nullified by her- <sw* (actions. In order tp, sustain Virginia whilst sorely pressed (he enemy, General Greene wisely- concluded that it was necessary to deliver North Oupoltna from the grasp of the too and restore harmony and sentiment among her own people. This eould not be done so long as Major Craig remained In quiet posse salon of the olty of Wilmington. That his plans mtght be concealed and his movements misunderstood. Qen. Greene ordered Col. Lee. with his own legion together with Klrkwood's Delaware troops aqd Handy's Marylanders to be ready to begin the execution of the proposed plan of capturing Wilmington. That the movement might be completely concealed from the enemy. Colonel Washington was directed to lead his cavalry across the Wateree river, whilst Marlon with his militia, was detached and sent to the region of country skirting upon the Combahee. Colonel Lee detached Captain Ryp dolph with a few men, for the puix?ae of proceeding to the neighborhood of Wilmington that the atrwsth of Major Craig's defences, ipjgbt he accurately learned and akw ascertain whether it wai pfob^hle that the American army qoutd cross the Cape Fear river. Rudolph promptly and successfully executed the task assigned. He learned that a large number of Craig's men were sick and that he was unable to man his works properly. He also learned that small boats could be secured In sufficient numbers to tran|port the American Infantry and that the horses could swim the river. Arrangements were made for the advance of Lee's legion upon Wilmington. The route he was to take and the day for his departure were set tied. The declared purpose of the expedition was to succor & convoy which was reported to be on tts way from Virginia. In the meantime. General Greene received a dispatch from General Washington, Informing him that it was probable that the French West India fleet would land somewhere on the coast of South Carolina at no distant period In the future. The particular point at which the French fleet would attempt to land was not known. Washington Instructed Greene to make every preparation in his power so as to be ready to co-operate with the French, no matter where they might land. This Induced General Greene to change, to some extent his plans of operation and abandon for a time an attack upon Wilmington. During the period that the army under General Greene lay enca,mpe<J on the High Hills of the Saofcee, the British forces lay at Orangeburg. Lord Rawdon having been driven by a few undisciplined militia from post to post, and forced to confine himself within narrow bounds, left the army in command of Lieutenant Colonel Stewart and sailed for Europe. To the camp of Stewart flocked the loyalists and Tories from every quarter of the state. Whilst these swelled his numbers, they, added very little to his effective force. A little more than a month had passed since General Greene had arrived at the High Hills of the Santee. The weather was still excessively hot; but during the short period of repose the sick and wounded in the American army had been greatly benefited by the pure water and pleasant climate of the hills. On the 21st of August. General Greene broke uo his camo on the San tee and set out in search of his enemy. He led his forces across the Wateree river at Camden. From this point he^ advanced to the Conga ree, which he. crossed a short distance below the present city of Columbia. At this point General Greene was reinforced by. a body of militia under Pickens and a small body of infantry under Colonel Henderson. This last was a corps of state troops recently raised. The Congaree crossed, General Greene determined to advance upon his enemy. Lee with his legion and' Henderson with his new body of state troops were detached to form the van; whilst the whole force followed within supporting distance. When Stewart learned that Greene was advancing, apparently to attack him he retired from Orangeburg to the Eutaw Spring, on the Santee. Here he was joined by a convoy, with supplies from Charleston. Stewart was aware that the cause of the British in South Carolina was in a critical condition, but the nearer he approached Charleston the less were his apprehensions of danger. Eutaw Spring is in Charleston county in St. John's Berkeley parish. From the foot of a slight elevation the water gushes out in a bold stream and after flowing near one hundred yards, it descends into a subterraneous pas4fcge, and again at a distance of about two hundred yards it rushes out and > forms Eutaw creek; and at a distance of about two miles empties into the I San tee at Nelson's ferry. The stream 'notwithstanding its extreme shortness, is of sufficient volume to drive a large flouring mill, but it has no fall. So nearly is the spring on a level with the Qantnn that /litrinv a f rv. uhnt t ha WQ ters of the river flow back as far as the spring. I General Greene on crossing the Con'garee proceeded by slow marches In pursuit of 8tewart. At Orangeburg Marlon, who was In the region of country watered by the Edlsto, rendering assistance to Colonel Hardin, who was about to be entrapped by Major Fraser, was ordered to Join General Greene In the neighborhood of Eutaw/Spring. On the 5th of September, Marlon having made a forced night march1 reached the plantation of Henry Laupens a few miles from the enemy's camp. On the evening of the 4tfcr-Geeeaet aaA -the. J main force reached Burdell's plants- i tlon sever miles from Eutaw Spring. Here he encamped for the night. Colonel Stewart seems to have been totally Ignorant of the proximity of the American army. During the night , of the 7th, two North Carolina con Belonging 10 oumnera uummand deserted and gave Colonel Stew- , art the first intimation that General Greene was advancing to give him battle. During the day Stewarts' scouts had been up the Congaree road , but for some reason had failed to dls- , cover the American army. This led , the British colonel to conclude that the North Carolina deserters were spies. Giving little credence to the information received from the deserters, Stewart as usual sent out, on the morning of the 8th an unarmed force to dig potatoes. Captain Coffin by whom Stewart had lately been reinforced was sent out with a small body of cavalry to make observation and if necessary to recall the potato diggers. Just as day began to break on the morning of the 8th, the American army under General Greene was put in motion. The whole force amounted to two thousand and thr;e hundred men. Of this number, about sixteen hundred including the cavalry, artillery and iuui wcic icguiai inc i ciuainuci ?? v? v militia, a few of whom had some experience. The rest had never been In a battle. The whole force moved forward In two columns. Each of these columns was composed of the troops designed to form the lines of battle. The front line was composed of four battalions of militia. Two of these battalions consisted of North Carolinians and the other two of South Carolinians. The North Carolina battalions were oommanded by Colonel Malmedy. One of the South Carolina battalions was commanded by Pickens? the other by Marion. The whole front line was commanded by Marion. Three ereatlv reduced brigades of Continen tal troops constituted the second Une. One of the brigades was from North Carolina, another from Virginia and the remaining one from Maryland. The North Carolina brigade was divided Into three battalions and placed on the right. Majors Blount and Armstrong and Lieutenant Cblonel Ashe, each commanded a battalion?the whole commanded by Gen. Sumner. The Virginia brigade commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Richard Campbell was posted In the centre. This was divided Into two bnttallons the commanders of which were respectively Major Snead and Captain Edmund. The Maryland brigade commanded by Colonel Otho H. Williams, deputy adjutant general was posted on the right of the second line. The Maryland brigade was dlvld ed into two battalions, the commanders of which were Lieutenant Colonel Howard and Major Hardman. The right wing was covered by Lee's legion, commanded by himself. The state troops, the several divisions of which were commanded respectively by Colonels Hampton, Middleton and Polk?the whole commanded by Colonel Henderson?covered the left wing. The reserve was composed of Colonel Washington's cavalry and the Delaware troops under Captain Ktrkwood. Captain Gaines, with two threepounders advanced with the front line ' and Captain Brown with two sixpounders, moved forward with the second Itne. Lee's legion led by himself and the state troops, commanded by ( Henderson advanced in front of the whole. Such is a brief outline of the order in which the American army, under General Greene moved forward on the morning of the 8th of September, 1781. Colonel Stewart with about twc thousand soldiers lay at Eutaw Spring. Hie line extended from Eutaw creek, north of the Charleston road, across the road, for a considerable distance. The line passed in front of the residence ol William Sinkler. At eight o'clock, Lee and Henderson came in contact with Captain Coffin and his "potato diggers." Captain Coffin seems to have been ignorant ol the advance of the American army. Captain Armstrong was leading Lee's rAnnnnnltArlnir norfv 9n QAnn Oil fin discovered Armstrong, he dashed forward and made a spirited attack upon him. Armstrong fell back upon Lee. The legion and state troops were soon arranged to receive the attack. Lee, supposing that Stewart was apprised of the nearness of the American army, dispatched a courier to General Greene to Inform him of what was taking place. The American van was now near four miles from Eutaw Spring. Coffin boldly attacked Lee and Henderson and was as boldly met by these officers. Major Eggleston made a quick movement and gained Coffin's rear. Pressed both in front and rear. Coffin was soon forced to yield. A large number of his Infantry was killed and forty Including their captain were taken prisoners. Coffin's cavalry so soop as they discovered E&gleston in their rear, put spurs to their .horses and fled In confusion. The unarmed party which had been sent out to dig nnlatnsg flart hank tn Mmn an Anon as the firing commenced and thus escaped. The American van under Lee and Henderson, encouraged by the result* of this skirmish, pressed forward with vigor. About a mile from the camp of Stewart, they were met by another detachment of the enemy, which had been sent to aid Coffin. Both Americans and British seemed to have been surprised by this occurrence. Stewart now for the first time seems to have been convinced that Oeneral, Greene with his whole army was approaching. The British fell back a short distance and the main body of the Americans soon arrived on the ground. Both armies began now to prepare for battle in earnest. Stewart drew up his forces in battle array and General Greene steadily advanced. Stewart formed but one line. The thirty tmra regiment canea tne insn cuns commanded by Captain Coffin was posted on the right; Colonel Cruger with the remains of several corps was stationed la the centre; the 6Sth and 64th regiments of regulars were posted on the left Major Majorlbanks with a battalion composed of grenadiers and light Infantry was posted on Eutaw creek. The enemy's artillery was distributed along the line?part on the Charleston road and part on the road leading through the enemy's left wing to Roach's plantation. In his rgsr Stewart had stationed two separate bodies of Infantry and cavalry to be nailed Into action aa necessity might demand. The American front line closely followed by the second artillery pressed forward. At a few irfinutes past nine, the musketry and artillery bqgan a spirited Are upon the British line. The British replied promptly. From flank to flank the Americans poured in a constant Are and from Aank to Aank the British gallantly responded. The conflict was fearful. The Whig militia stood their ground like veterans. Stewart brought his line into action. His artillery played incessantly upon the advancing column of militia. Steadily they moved forward amid a shower of cannon and musket balls. The infantry of Lee's legion was fiercely met by the 63rd. whilst Malmedy and hla corps was furiously assailed by the 64th. The North Carolinians grave way and the enemy's left pressed forward. The state troops under Henderson were now furiously set upon by the flank battalions under Majoribanks and by the Irish Buffs. Just at this critical moment one of the fleld pieces of the British was disabled and both of the three-pounders of Gaines were silenced. Left unsupported by artillery, the state troops still continued 'to flght like tried veterans. Not until they had fired seventeen rounds did they give way. and then only because overwhelmed by superior numbers. To fill up the gap made by the giving way of the militia, General Greene ordered up the second line, under General 1 Sumner. Stewart at the same moment* brought Into the action his Infantry reserves. These fresh troops foug-ht each other with desperate fury for a short time. Unfortunately, Colonel Henderson was disabled by a wound. This produced a moments confusion In the American ranks. Hampton, Polk and Mlddleton discovering the critical condition of affairs, exerted themselves and soon restored order. The brigade which Sumner com manaea. being composed mainiy 01 raw recruits gave way and fled in confusion. The British rushed forward and. were soon in as great disorder in pursuit as the militia were in-flight. General Greene ordered Williams "to sweep the field with bayonets." The Virginians under Campbell and the Marylanders under Williams rushed forward determined to change the aspect of affairs or die In the attempt. At the distance of forty paces from the enemy, these veterans discharged theiv muskets and with trailed arms and a deafening shout, the whole second line of the Americans rushed to ,the qharge. The confusion of the British, already great on account of the eagerness with which they pursued the fleeing militia was now rendered doubly great by the furious charge to which they were subjected. So soon as the smoke was blown away and the confusion of the British was discovered, Captain Rudolph of Lee's legion, wheeled his cavalry In upon them and swept everything before him The Marylanders under Howard and the Irish Buffs were fighting hand to hand. In a number of Instances the combatants stood transfixed with each other's bayonet. The British right and centei gave way and the Americans raised the shout of victory. During the charge of the American'* second line, Majoribanks who was posted along the banks of Eutaw creek kept pouring In a deadly fire Into th? American flank. Colonels Washlngtor and Hampton were ordered to dlslodg< him. The position held by Majoribanki was not capable of being approached by cavalry, except by a small tract be , twocrv him and the creek. Washington divided his cavalry into sections and i attempted to gain the rear of Majorl. bankt. The creek was on one side and , a dense thicket on the other. Wash> lngton had advanced but a short dlsi tance on this narrow path, when a vol! ley of musketry, fired by men concealed behind the thicket, proved fatal \ to numbers of those brave men, who i had fought so many hard battles. Col. , Washington's horse was shot dead and 1 he himself hevnneted. and hut for the interposition of a British officer would i have been killed in a moment The (round was literally covered with dead men and horses. One-half of Washington's cavalry was either killed or wounded and every officer except two, Hampton who had not Joined Washington when the latter attempted' to gain Majorlbanks' rear, now gathered up the scattered remains of the caval- I i In the meantime, Klrkwood with his Delaware's attacked Majorlbanks. The whole British line now began to give way. Majorlbanks attempted to dover the retreat Everything seemed ftivorable to the Americans. The British were retreating in confusion. Some were running down the Charleston road, depending for safety only in the nneed with which thev fled from the field of conflict. The enemy's tents stood just In the rear of the line of battle In their flight they passed through their own camp, destroying as tor as time would permit their stores. In the British army there was nothing but confusion. The veterans were slowly retreating whilst the loyalists, who ihad sought protection In the camp of Stewart, panic stricken lest they might fall Into the hands of the Americans, mounting a horse wherever they c+uld And bne. fled In terror many of tlem to Charleston At I he forks of the road was a large bhck house with a number of servants' houses together with other outbuildings and a garden. Stewart had erected some defences at this point lfajoribanks made a halt behind the g&rdlen. and Major Sheridan with a number of New York volunteers, fled Into i l he brick house. Stewart himself was down the Charleston road, rallying his fleeing soldiers. In the pursuit the Americans passed directly through the enemy's camp. i ne commissaries nau nui own auie iv destroy all the stores. The piise was too tempting for the majority of the American soldiers. Hungry and nearly naked as most of them were, they began ;to appropriate, without stint the good things In the tents of the British. The pursuit partially ceased, and the pursuers began to eat and drink until some were stupid from eating to excess and others reeling with drunkenness. All was confusion. The men ceased to respect or obey their officers. Majoribanks began to fire from behind the garden upon the Americans now prowling about In the British camp, and Coffin who had taken a position in a thicket now moved upon them and .poured In a destructive lire, he rldan .kept up a constant fire from the windows of the house. Some of the Americans took shelter In the British tents, whilst others attempted' to shield themselves from the Are of the enemy by getting behind the tents. With anguish of heart, we may sup pose, General Greene saw tne conauion of his troops. Those in the British camp were, many of them so Inflamed with drink that they would obey no command. That he might save the Imprudent from utter destruction, he dispatched a courier to Colonel Lee. ordering him, with his legion to fall upon Coffin. Lee was gone In pursuit of the British. Maj. Eggleston of Lee's command with a small party of cavalry, undertook to execute the order, but was repulsed by Coffin. Colonel Hampton came to the assistance of Eggleston. Coffin In turn was repulsed and driven from the field of conflict. Unfortunately. the command of Hampton, unexpectedly came within range of Majorlbank8' muskets, and was In a moment almost exterminated. Whilst the conflict was raging on the right and left, Sheridan with a few swivels which he had with him in the brick house, was pouring destruction upon the Americans In all quarters. All the field pieces of the Brit isn naa Deen capturea Dy ine Americans and brought to bear upon the brick house, but so near had they been placed to the house, that the artillerists were soon all killed or driven from the guns. After Majorlb&nks had scattered Hampton's command, he advanced to the brick house and dragged the captured guns under the windows of the house. One of these guns was re-captured and retained as a trophy of the fierce conflict. J.ne ngni rmu nuw ixiimuucu ucai four hours. In every quarter success was beginning to declare against the Americans. Colonel Howard having commenced an attack upon Majoribanks was wounded. The troops under his command fell back and Majorlbanks remained master of the situation Stewart was returning up the Charleston road to renew the battle. General Greene determined to draw off his troops. This was all he could attempt and It was doubtful whether , he could accomplished this. His cavalry was scattered In every direction; his battalions were broken and his artillery all either disabled or In the hands of the enemy. Colonel Hampton i was left near the enemy's camp, with a strong Kuaru, anu inc rem ui me , troops were led to Burdell's plantation i seven miles from the scene of the conflict. Stewart was too badly crippled to i even attempt pursuit. Both sides ( claimed the victory. The loss on both . sides, considering the number of men ? engaged was very great. The Amerii can loss was. In killed, wounded and , missing, six hundred and twelve. Of . this number there were twenty-two . officers killed and thirty-nine wounded. The British loss was six hundred and , ninety-three?five hundred of whom ( were taken prisoners. 1 tc be continued. _________ J Only Once.?"Can you honestly say that you were never afraid in battle?" I asked the tactician of the old veteran with the wooden leg. , "Well, no. I don't think I could say ' M.An HArvl?r nitti, ?a.i me "Then you were afraid?" , "Yes, but only once." j "Have you any objections to giving me the particulars?" 1 "Not at all. I had lent the captain i of my company ten dollars, and when j we were rushed into a flghc and I saw him taking the lea.d and exposing himself I was afraid he'd get killed and ' I'd lose my money." IHiScfllanrous fknitofl. JUST A8 GOOD A8 CHARLESTON. That la What tha Nawa and Couriar Thinks of Yorkvilla. News and Courier Editorial "We know It to be a fact," says the Torkvllle Enquirer In a very interesting little essay touching upon some of the peculiarities of the Charleston people, which we print elsewhere, "that in many respects Yorkvllle people can afford to be generous to the claims of anybody anywhere." Our nnn?>mnn,.iin> la Hah! Tho n?nnl? of Yorkvllle are a particularly Intelligent and selfrespectlng people. They are. aa a rule, well educated. They keep In touch with the outside world. Some of thejn play bridge whist, all of them are acquainted with the delights of the pound party, many of them do not think It any sin to engage In round dancing. They are a highly civilized and patriotic people. They think very well of themselves, as they ought, and It is greatly to their credit that while claiming so much for themselves they can afford to be "generous" to those who are not so fortunate jas to be of their number. We have found that good people are are very much the same all the world over, and that whatever the "delightful weaknesses" of the people of Charleston they are not very much unlike the people of Yorkvllle elfher ' in their pride of place or in exalting their happy estate. It is rather flattering than otherwise to their loyalty of spirit that they should believe th&t Charleston is really the best place in the world, and it Is only human nature that they should think of Charleston what we are assured the people of Yorkvllle think of Yorkville. They are not more touchy than other folk. The "Charleston lady" who spoke of Yorkvllle as a "pretty little hamlet" did not intend to be "patronising," we are sure. The Yorkvllle people would have thought a great deal less of her If she had said, for example, that Yorkvllle In an ugly little hamlet. The accent, we suppose, however, if the grievance against her Is to be seriously entertained, must be placed on the "hamlet" word and not on the qualifying adjectives. Yorkvllle, in fact, is not a hamlet Tn England a hamlet is a Dlace with out a church and sometimes without a store. There are a number of churches In Torkvflle. and Instead of playing golf as some of our own alleged Christians do on the* Sabbath, the people of Yorlcville keep the day holy by attending Divine services and abstaining from the pursuits of everyday life on 'this blessed day, without whoBe light, according to the saintly Herbert, the world would be dark indeed. Not only are there churches and church-goers in Yorkville, but there are many large and flourishing mercantile establishments there, and mills ami factories and schools and clubs of one sort and another, which make of life In that fine community one long sweet dream. The "Charleston lady" was unhappy in her parts of speech, but we are sure that she did not intend to give offence. She could not be a Charleston lady If such was her Intention, Her unfortunate expression, therefore, must be attributed to a lack of information rather than to (lnv dlsnosltion on her Dart to say aught that would offend the amour-propre of our delightful neighbors and kinsfolk who live so happily under the shade of King's Mountain. Moreover, it might turn put upon careful investigation that the "Charleston lady" who spoke of Yorkville as a "pretty little hamlet" is not' a Charlestonian at all. A good many of us have corse into this town in recent years from other parts of the state, and we have all found living in Charleston very pleasant, excusing the longing that often comes over us for the wholesome diet?the "country*' sausage (we protest that no harm Is meant by the use of the word "country" in describing this very appetizing article of food) the fresh eggs, the lovely buttermilk and the yellow-leg a #A/I gcu (_II11.II trim utiuu muui wo iou ou bountifully in the Ions', Ions ago. We do not know who the "Charleston lady" was who gave such offence to our Yorkville frtends, but there have been so maqy changes in this community In recent years that we are half inclined to attribute the descriptive epithet applied to Yorkville to some outlander who has settled down among us. However that may be, we wish some basis of compromise could be reached by which the people of Yorkville would be as "generous" to us as we are generous to ourselves, but In nny event with assurances of our most distinguished consideration we beg to say to the esteemed Yorkville Enquirer that the Charleston people really think no more of themselves than they do of the Yorkville people. Why should they? We all belong to the same great family, and a very happy family It would be If Instead of exposing the weaknesses of one another we should dwell upon the virtues of all South Carolinians. ORIGIN OF TRA0E8 UNI0N8. Journeymen Bakers Struck In New York at Early aa 1741. The exact date of the origin of tro.lou unlnnu In Amsrlen Is unknown. It 18 believed, says the report of the Massachusetts bureau of statistics of labor, that there were no labor unions In the colonies, although a strike of Journeymen bakers Is said to have occurred In New York In 1741. Whatever of associated effort there was among workmen at this early period was of a temporary nature, having a single purpose in view, and when this was accomplished whatever compact existed was then dissolved. It was then the custom to call a "general meeting" whenever a matter of trade Importance presented itself. Such calls were generally signed by some one or two men of recognized influence in the trade, and the meetings were, as a rule, held In private houses. They were organized by the election of officers, a statement was made of the purpose in calling the trade together, and after a discussion resolutions were adopted embodying the views of those present on the question presented. When the meeting had decided what the attitude of the trade was to be all those present, if willing to do so, signed an agreement to stand by one another during the difficulty. Many if not all of the strikes In colonial times were undertaken with no more organization than this. The first real understanding, so far as compositors were concerned, Is said to have been in 1776, when the journeymen printers made a demand for an Increase of wages, which was refused by their employers, with the result that a strike was called. This proved successful, and the association was ended. Again, in 1786, an effort was made to reduce wages to $6.88 1-3 a week, and the trade was again called together and a statement issued declaring that the signers would not work for less than 66 a week. The great period of growth for labor unions was the latter part of the sixties of the last century, owing to the organization of great corporations and the opening up of the whole country to the work of freemen. Local unions were everywhere formed, vigorous labor parties were organized, in some places representatives of labor were elected to office, and many of the largest and strongest-national unions now existing were established. HOW BONI 8PKNT THE MONEY. I Dissipated $8,000,000 of the Qould Fortune In Four Years. Eight million dollars in four years, and with seven more years of extravagance as yet unaudited, is the marvelous record of expenditure of Boni de Castellane, the titled French husband, from whom his countess, formerly Anna Gould, is now seeking to be freed by divorce. It was testified at the trial this week that when the American heiress would not satisfy her husband's demands for money, he slapped and pinched her; but other titled husbands have been known to entertain similar Ideas of- domestic discipline. It is as a spendthrift, a man who threw greenbacks about like so much confetti, that fconl de Castellane stands unrivaled ill,,the long list of foreign husbands boufrht with American dollars. Cleopatra melting a priceless pearl in her wine to show her recklessness, was a miser by comparison with this little French nobleman, who, be- , fore his marriage to the Qould heiress, lived over a dressmaker's shop, and after his engagement rhad all his bills paid at the Waldorf desk, because he had not the wherewithal to meet his living CAJA-U3CO. Mme. Du Barry, whose remarkable extravagances ware held largely responsible for the French revolution, was a niggard when compared with , the little count To spend $8,000,000 In four years seems almost an Impossible achievement, yet Ron! did It g&yly, carelessly. and at the end of his golden tether , Is said to owe as much more. Anna Gould paid all the count's debts on her marriage to him, and settled a fortune of $3,000,000 on him, which was $2,000,000 less than he asked. Her Income amounted to . from the day of her wedding" she has been continually harassed by creditors, and has found even her colossal millions Inadequate to satisfy Boni's demands. A consultation of the Gould family had to be held in 1901. Boni had spent his $3,000,000 marriage portion and owed $4,700,000 .more. Of this amount, George and Edwin Gould furnished $1,600,000, and the little countess* income was cut to $260,000 a year to supply the remainder. How did Bonl spend this incredible ? ? anmA A# tha ounx ui iiiuiic; i ncio ate dvimv vx things he bought and what he p4id (or them: First of all was ttie building of his $1,000,000 home in Paris, a copy of Louis XlV's Little Trianon at Versailles. Then there was the yacht Valhalla. which cost him $200,000 more. A hunting expenditure for the king of Portugal cost $25,000; a dinner and reception to the same sovereign, $50,000 more. There were a $30,000 clock, an $11,000 sable overcoat for Bonl to have his pictures painted in; a pair of WardrnhAft nainted bv Wattefl.il. costlnx $280,000. Then there was the chateau d' Hive r, a country place, costing $300,000, to which Bonl added a memorial chapel at an expense of $200,000. A garden party, held at his chateau, cost $100,000. The count's election to the chamber of deputies diverted $300,000, from the Midas board. A boar hunt for the Grand Duke Boris of Russia, took from it $100,000. So the Gould money flew. Moreover, the countess had not even the satisfaction of knowing that she received good value for It. The count gave $60,000 for a painting which had cost the seller $50. He bought a pair of candlesticks which purported to have been Marie Antoinette's, but which turned out to be the crudest Imitations, for $18,000. He frequently lost $25,000 In a single afternoon at tne races, ne dropped hundreds of thousands on the French Bourse, buying worthless shares. He gave a Louis XVI ball which Is said to have cost $200,dOO. The list of the Casteliane follies is endless. Year after year Anna Oould, with the thrifty Instincts inherited from hardworking ancestors, looked on appalled while her millions flew from the rose-tinted Casteliane fingers that for generations had not worked. If she protested, Bonl, as she has declared in her petition, slapped and pinched her. It took her entire income to purchase peace, and even that income was inadequate to buy for her what the poorest woman expeCtS'from her husband?truth, loyalty, dhd a sense of honor.?New York special to Washington Post. Production ok Piq Iron.?At no time in the history of this country, says a Philadelphia dispatch, has the production of pig iron been so large as at present while the tremendous energy characterizing the iron and steel Industry is dally increasing. Still it will have to be Increased to meet the demand. In Pittsburg 97 per cent of the blast furnaces are being worked to their full capacity whild it is announced that the Carnegie Steel company has every one of its furnaces in blast and cannot produce another ton of iron. However in spite of all tension there is a decided shortage which is being made up in tjie purchase of scrap metal utilised in the making of open hearth Steel. Prices of pig iron are such as to warrant importations from Europe and there seems to be a demand for iron in Europe as well as in this country, and British and German producers have no iron for export TOUCHED FARTHEST NORTH. Psary Brings Us ths Honor Hold By An Italian. Commander Peary's steamship, the Roosevelt, left New York on her long Journey in search of the North Pole on July 16 of last year. The Roosevelt waa built in Maine and came down to New York, where she was refitted before starting. The vessel, for which the funds were furnished by the Peary Arctic club of New York, was designed by Naval Architect William B. Wlnant particularly for Arctic exDloration. She cost about $100,000. The Roosevelt had a crew of 20 men. under Capt Bartlett Commander Peary did not go with the.ship from New York, but joined her later at Sydney, C. B., where she took on coal and additional supplies. The Roosevelt left Sydney on July 26. She was next reported at Domino Run, Labrador, on July 29. From that point she crossed to Qreenland. The, vessel was next heard from at Etah, North Qreenland. She passed Cape York on August 7. The expedition's auxiliary steamer Erik had visited various settlements in Qreen- . land meanwhile, and had obtained natives and dogs for the explorer, and turned them over to the Roosevelt on August 13. A* Ptak it>a DnAuvalt 1 rtvarhnuled her machinery, took on board her last supply of coal from the Erik, and thence proceeded north, with 28 Eskimos and about 200 dogs on board. When nothing had been heard from the Roosevelt by last July some . friends, of the Arctic explorer, who had expected a message of some kind in May or June, began to be worried over the long delay. This anxiety, however, was not shared by the members of the Peary Arctic club, who then said they did not expect to hear from Peary until October or November. It was then explained thatl his only way of getting news down from the north was by whaling ships. Peary planned to have his head- ? quarters 3(0 miles north of Cape Sabine, From that point he planned to make his actual Journey to the pole, a distance of (00 miles, across a desert of ice and snow. This final dash he expected to make in a month or six weeks from the time he left headquarters. In an interview Just before he sailed, Commander Peary had this to say about his plans: "Nearly all of my men are members of former Arctic expeditions and thoroughly familiar witn tne wora ahead of them. I will take on 500 tons of coal at Sydney, C. B., after which we will proceed via the Oulf of St Lawrence to Belle Isle and along the coast of Labrador to Davis trait "Prom Davis strait we will sail through the west coast of Greenland, through Melville bay to the Whale sound regions. At the last named point we will pick up the Eskimo doai and then proceed to Sabine, where our Eskimos?the pick of their race?will assemble. "The Roosevelt will then be pushed through the Kennedy and Robeeon channels to the north shore of Grantland, where we will remain there until February 1. and then we begin the dash for the north pole, 400 miles away.il "Than are three strong points In my favo|. Ft;*t, the Roosevelt, Is the moet powerful Arctic boat ever' built; second, Imy knowledge gained by 10 years in the Arctic; third, my knowledge of the Eskimos and how to handle* them. I expect to find nothing Abnormal, and am convinced there no open sea and no pole to nail tfte flag to. The fact Is, one might step on the pole and without Instruments of precision never know It." Commander Peary also, said that in his party would be only two white men, one a physician. On the trip there was to be a sledge for each Eskimo and from six'to eight dogs to each sledge. Each of the sledges was to have 600 pounds of dog food, ship's biscuit and tea. The explorer's only Instruments, he said, would be a traveler's theodolite, a pocket sex tant and a chronometer. Although he was convinced there was no animal |lfe in the country, he intended to carry two large rifles. Commander Peary's ship, the Roosevelt, is the most powerful vessel ever built for Arctic exploration. It has a pronounced raking stem and a wedge-shaped bow. A very sharp rise of floor afforded a form of side which it was hoped could not be grasped by the ice, while a big overhang at the stern was devised tb protect the propeller. Screw tie rods were used to bind the ship together, and the bow was filled in almost solid to meet the impact of the ice. Other peculiarities of the ship are a massive ana unusuai reinforcement of the rudder post to prevent twisting, and the adoption of a rudder that can be lifted out of the water. Besides her steam power, the Roosevelt, which is a schooner rigged, carries fourteen sails. This trip is the ninth that Commander Peary has made into Arctic regions. His first was made in 1888, when t)e crossed part of Greenland. When He went again, in 1891, he wintered on the west coast, and in the spring he went diagonally over the Ice cap to a point on the northeast coast never before visited. This he named Indedendenze bay. In 1893 Mrs Peary accompanied him on his trip north. On these trips he brought down masses of iron believed to be of meteoric origin. In 1898 he visited England, where he outlined his plans for future trips before many scientific societies. To that trip was due, perhaps, the gift of the ship Windward, then owned by Mr. Harmsworth. Peary also received handsome backing from his own countrymen. A club was organised which was composed of twenty nve memDers, eacn 01 wnom waa 10 contribute |1,000 a. year for four years to promote Peary's plans. Morris K. Jesup and James J. Hill not only doubled their subscription, but extended them. Mr. Jesup a}ded Peary very materially financially In his present voyage. In 1900 Commander Peary succeeded In reaching latitude 88.50. Here he found A wide stretch of water that he could not cross, and he was compelled to turn back. The next year he and Dr. Dedrick, the surgeon of the expedition, had some differences, and the doctor peremptorily requested that he be left at Etah. Once when asked what good it would do If he reached the pole, Commander Peary said: "It will open up 8,000,000 square miles of absolutely unknown regions that have been separated from the rest of the world for countless ages." Robert Edwin Peary was born in 1854. He Is an engineer In the United States navy.