Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, November 13, 1906, Image 1
IS8OTD 9BMl-WEEgLT. __
l *. gkist'S sons, Pakiiihen. [ ? jfantiii jHrajaptr: Jfflr thi |romotion of th< political, jlscial. Agricultural and ?ommei(tial Jntmsts of thi JfogU. {T88*BOL^opT.Erivi!<cE?T^l'CB'
ESTABLISHED 1855. YORKVILLE, 8. C? TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 19Q6. ISTO. 91.
SOUTH CftROUt
_T
How the Spirit of Libert,
Unconqucra
By REV. ROBER
From the Yorkvllle Enquirer of 1170.
I
INSTALLMENT L.
General Greene at the High Hilla of j
the Santee.
From Orangeburg, as we have seen.
General Greene retired with the larger
portion of his army to the High Hills
of the Santee. After the battle of
Qulnby bridge, the partisan leaders?
Lee, Sumter. Marion and others?repaired
to the camp of Greene.
The principal ODjeci L<ee naa in view
tn selecting this locality for his camp,
was to discipline his troops and receive
reinforcements from North Carolina
and Virginia. The locality was
also chosen with special reference to
the health of his army. For a period
of near seven months, the army of
Greene had been doing hard service on
what may, with the utmost regard to
truth be called rations of the most ordinary
kind. Many of the soldiers
were sick. This is not a matter to be
wondered at; but It Is a matter of
wonder that the whole of Greene's
army had not fallen down dead. They
had marched?some of them?from
near the centre of South Carolina,
acroes the whole of North Carolina
into Virginia, pursued by two of the
moat dashing officers in the British
army. From the Dan they had
marched to Camden, South Carolina;
from that point they marched to Ninety-Six;
from Ninety-Six they retreated
across the state as far as Chester.
From that point they went to Orangeburg;
and some of them as far as the
city of Charleston. During all this
time they were pressed by hunger and
privations of every kind and pursued
or watched by veteran foee. The
hardships which these men had endured
and the privations which they
had experienced are almost incredible.
During this time they had fought I
many battles and won several grand I
victories. They had broken tne power
of the British and humbled the
Tories.
The British had pot been reposing,
during this time, on beds of dprfn and
feasting on thq luxuries olj thp earth.
From t?e day thai; Greeny pftched Ws
c&mp on Hobkirk'e Hilk the living of
Brijtlph army became preoartoua.
^b?y d^p^ndfl^ Oft supplies sent them
m, QlMufl99V>ft by wagon trains.
V?b Pftt^foWng parties of Greene,
\ by- L*?. Sunnier and the Invincible
M|rtoft and other partisan leadara of
less not* *?<*>**> failed tA WAfter
the battle of Qutuby- bridge,
tbb Brittsh made Orangeburg their
bfadftUftHefS- Per? they l**t that the
Vendition ?f things had changed.
Ybrir VOftWlasary stores had beoome
exhausted and they were forced to
live almost entirety on beef which they
^ tb*,r Mves
from sur-roundlng country. Greene
tpfut master of the position, He had
Virtually reaoued the state front the
Prtttsh. The Tories and loyallata-were
heart broken,
The High Hills of the Santee are
tn Sumter county, east of the Watoree
river about Ave miles, These hilla extend
In a northeastern direction, nearly
parallel with the Wateree river for
a distance of between fifteen and
twenty miles. The climate compared
with that of the more southern sections
of the state Is delightful and
healthy. In this favored region the
sick In Greene's army rapidly recovered
their health and the tired and
broken down regained their strength.
There Is an item of historic interest
connected with these Santee HIUp,
which we must not omit. When, Qh^s.
Edward, the grandson of Jjamjea H Wa*
defeated at the battle; olj. Gulden. Ms
followers were placed lu, a n*o*t orltl
cal concytjioo^. irven\ naiq vur
untjai^y., Jolted the Y-ouug Pret?nde?rpijhet4
although convinced of the frult^esa^its
of t*e attempt t? reinstate a
Stewart upon the throne of Great
Britain. had under the prompting* of
Rational pride?although contrary to
their- judgment and Intereat?supported
the claims of the Pretender. Multitudes
of the Scotch, ^ho had either
taken up arms In support of the
claim* of Charles Edward or otherwise
supported his cause were apprehended.
Old men trembling with the Infirmities
of years, were executed. The heart of
George the III at last sickened, and he
granted his once rebel, but now vanquished
subjects a conditional pardon.
The conditions were that they take
the oath of allegiance?and emigrate
to the plantations. These Highlanders
?at least many of them?preferring
banishment to either death or the humiliating
condition to which they, l^d)
been reduced In their na^ve I^lu,^ accepted
the offer of. the kifQjg. To, a, paft
of those pttnjni^ed, the region
of ^ounjfy a,puD,d| tftgh H'Ua
of fhf Steffi wa% gi^n^ed-. Reaching
fh^ coa^t of J^orth Carolina they were
drfvefl by contr&ry winds Into Cape
Fea^. Following the course of the
rjv?f they in process of time occupied
$ large tract Of oountry of which
Proas creek, afterward Cfcmbleton and
now Fayettevllle was the centre. The
lands reserved for these exiled Scots
*"*" ? aflsmrawts ?no ?ts/t /> or?mP Vlf?
TTRP *** vv< " hi q>n*it?v? %w ?? ? -- gjnjans
and by them settled. Prominent
among these settlers, may be
mentioned General Thomas Sumter,
and General Richard Richardson. The
first settlers In the region bore the
names of Chellet, Furman, Mathers
and Nettlers. Richard Richardson was
a surveyor, a profession at that day
held In high repute. By him the lands
were located and some of them are
still In the possession of his descendants.
Whilst General Greene lay on the
High Hills of tbe Santee. his militia
were thoroughly drilled. During the
first years of the war there were a
very considerable number of persons In
every section of the state who as far
as Jt was possible remained neutral.
They were neither British nor Tory.
From the beginning of the contest they
had entertained no hope that the colonies
would succeed In throwing off
the British yoke. The history of past
Si
iffRSWUIfiM
y Was Kept Alive By an
ible People.
T LATHAN, D. I>.
rebellions against the English government
made them timid. When however,
these individuals saw that Cornwallis
and Tarleton were gone and
Rawdon, Cruger and Balfour were unable
to keep General Greene in check
they came out to espouse the cause
of the Whigs. These recruits, whilst
they increased the number of men in
Greene's army, did not render it more
efficient because they were undrilled.
For the short time that Greene remained
on the High Hills of Santee, these
new recruits were drilled that they
might: be ready to meet the enemy.
The successes of the southern army
had already attracted the attention of
the government and that the last blow
might be struck and the arm of the
enemy completely paralyzed, reinforcements
were ordered.,to be sent to General
Greene. Baron Steuben with a
body of men, was assigned to the
southern army. The order was countermanded
and the baron did not arrive.
A considerable force was sent
from North Carolina. These Joined
1 AAMatv /vn tka
vivuciai VJi ccin: m . uvuip wii wro
High Hills of Saatee*
Whilst Gen. Greens was preparing
for a geneva) engagement the partisan
leaders of the south, with their well
tried corps* were harassing the enemy
in every section of the state.
Sumter and Pickens were operating
against the Tories in the up-country,
whilst Ifarion. Taylor and Maham
were sweeping over the region between
Orangeburg and Charleston. The
British were reduced to so perilous a
condition that they lived at the risk
of their lives. The British soldiers
were obedient to their officers, but
all hope of subjugating the state had
died in their breasts, and no small
number of them were devising plans by
which they might desert the standard
of George the Third and Join the
Americans. No doubt some of these
n?n> lnfln?np?A kv nn nther motive
than that whloh Impels men to espouse
the cause which appears to be moat
popular. Others were Impelled to desert
the British standard because they
believed the war was waged to estallsh
tyranny. The Brtttah officers were
careful to prevent all desertions and
no less careful to conceal them from
the world, when they could not prevent
them.
t INSTALLMENT U.
Battle of KuUwr Spring.
During the short period that the
southern army under General Greene
lay encamped on the High Hills of the
Santee. a plan was devised to wrest
Wilmington, North Carolina, from the
hands of the British. MaJ. Craig with
a garrison of aboct three hundred men
held this place In subjection and by
his Influence and exertion kept the
people of North Carolina rent with internal
feuds. In order to effect the ob
ject In view It was necessary that every
movement on the part of the Amer*
cans be conducted with great secrecy.
The army of General Greene had,
whilst contending with the greatest
difficulties, forced the British to give
up their occupaney of all South Carolina
and Georgia except the cities of
Charleston and Savannah and their
suburbs. Virginia was overpowered and
the efforts of North Carottn* In behalf
of freedom, to a great extent were
nullified by her- <sw* (actions.
In order tp, sustain Virginia whilst
sorely pressed (he enemy, General
Greene wisely- concluded that it was
necessary to deliver North Oupoltna
from the grasp of the too and restore
harmony and sentiment among her
own people. This eould not be done
so long as Major Craig remained In
quiet posse salon of the olty of Wilmington.
That his plans mtght be
concealed and his movements misunderstood.
Qen. Greene ordered Col.
Lee. with his own legion together with
Klrkwood's Delaware troops aqd Handy's
Marylanders to be ready to begin
the execution of the proposed plan of
capturing Wilmington. That the
movement might be completely concealed
from the enemy. Colonel Washington
was directed to lead his cavalry
across the Wateree river, whilst Marlon
with his militia, was detached and
sent to the region of country skirting
upon the Combahee.
Colonel Lee detached Captain Ryp
dolph with a few men, for the puix?ae
of proceeding to the neighborhood of
Wilmington that the atrwsth of Major
Craig's defences, ipjgbt he accurately
learned and akw ascertain whether
it wai pfob^hle that the American
army qoutd cross the Cape Fear river.
Rudolph promptly and successfully executed
the task assigned. He learned
that a large number of Craig's men
were sick and that he was unable to
man his works properly. He also
learned that small boats could be secured
In sufficient numbers to tran|port
the American Infantry and that
the horses could swim the river.
Arrangements were made for the
advance of Lee's legion upon Wilmington.
The route he was to take
and the day for his departure were set
tied. The declared purpose of the expedition
was to succor & convoy which
was reported to be on tts way from
Virginia. In the meantime. General
Greene received a dispatch from General
Washington, Informing him that
it was probable that the French West
India fleet would land somewhere on
the coast of South Carolina at no distant
period In the future. The particular
point at which the French fleet
would attempt to land was not known.
Washington Instructed Greene to make
every preparation in his power so as
to be ready to co-operate with the
French, no matter where they might
land. This Induced General Greene to
change, to some extent his plans of
operation and abandon for a time an
attack upon Wilmington.
During the period that the army under
General Greene lay enca,mpe<J on
the High Hills of the Saofcee, the British
forces lay at Orangeburg. Lord
Rawdon having been driven by a few
undisciplined militia from post to post,
and forced to confine himself within
narrow bounds, left the army in command
of Lieutenant Colonel Stewart
and sailed for Europe. To the camp of
Stewart flocked the loyalists and Tories
from every quarter of the state.
Whilst these swelled his numbers, they,
added very little to his effective force.
A little more than a month had
passed since General Greene had arrived
at the High Hills of the Santee.
The weather was still excessively hot;
but during the short period of repose
the sick and wounded in the American
army had been greatly benefited by the
pure water and pleasant climate of the
hills. On the 21st of August. General
Greene broke uo his camo on the San
tee and set out in search of his enemy.
He led his forces across the Wateree
river at Camden. From this
point he^ advanced to the Conga ree,
which he. crossed a short distance below
the present city of Columbia. At
this point General Greene was reinforced
by. a body of militia under Pickens
and a small body of infantry under
Colonel Henderson. This last was a
corps of state troops recently raised.
The Congaree crossed, General Greene
determined to advance upon his enemy.
Lee with his legion and' Henderson
with his new body of state troops
were detached to form the van; whilst
the whole force followed within supporting
distance.
When Stewart learned that Greene
was advancing, apparently to attack
him he retired from Orangeburg to the
Eutaw Spring, on the Santee. Here he
was joined by a convoy, with supplies
from Charleston. Stewart was aware
that the cause of the British in South
Carolina was in a critical condition,
but the nearer he approached Charleston
the less were his apprehensions of
danger.
Eutaw Spring is in Charleston county
in St. John's Berkeley parish. From
the foot of a slight elevation the
water gushes out in a bold stream and
after flowing near one hundred yards,
it descends into a subterraneous pas4fcge,
and again at a distance of about
two hundred yards it rushes out and >
forms Eutaw creek; and at a distance
of about two miles empties into the
I San tee at Nelson's ferry. The stream
'notwithstanding its extreme shortness,
is of sufficient volume to drive a large
flouring mill, but it has no fall. So
nearly is the spring on a level with the
Qantnn that /litrinv a f rv. uhnt t ha WQ
ters of the river flow back as far as the
spring.
I General Greene on crossing the Con'garee
proceeded by slow marches In
pursuit of 8tewart. At Orangeburg
Marlon, who was In the region of country
watered by the Edlsto, rendering
assistance to Colonel Hardin, who was
about to be entrapped by Major Fraser,
was ordered to Join General Greene In
the neighborhood of Eutaw/Spring. On
the 5th of September, Marlon having
made a forced night march1 reached the
plantation of Henry Laupens a few
miles from the enemy's camp. On the
evening of the 4tfcr-Geeeaet aaA -the. J
main force reached Burdell's plants- i
tlon sever miles from Eutaw Spring.
Here he encamped for the night.
Colonel Stewart seems to have been
totally Ignorant of the proximity of
the American army. During the night ,
of the 7th, two North Carolina con
Belonging 10 oumnera uummand
deserted and gave Colonel Stew- ,
art the first intimation that General
Greene was advancing to give him
battle. During the day Stewarts'
scouts had been up the Congaree road ,
but for some reason had failed to dls- ,
cover the American army. This led ,
the British colonel to conclude that
the North Carolina deserters were
spies. Giving little credence to the
information received from the deserters,
Stewart as usual sent out, on the
morning of the 8th an unarmed force
to dig potatoes. Captain Coffin by
whom Stewart had lately been reinforced
was sent out with a small body
of cavalry to make observation and if
necessary to recall the potato diggers.
Just as day began to break on the
morning of the 8th, the American army
under General Greene was put in motion.
The whole force amounted to
two thousand and thr;e hundred men.
Of this number, about sixteen hundred
including the cavalry, artillery and
iuui wcic icguiai inc i ciuainuci ?? v? v
militia, a few of whom had some experience.
The rest had never been In
a battle. The whole force moved forward
In two columns. Each of these
columns was composed of the troops
designed to form the lines of battle.
The front line was composed of four
battalions of militia. Two of these
battalions consisted of North Carolinians
and the other two of South Carolinians.
The North Carolina battalions
were oommanded by Colonel Malmedy.
One of the South Carolina battalions
was commanded by Pickens?
the other by Marion. The whole front
line was commanded by Marion. Three
ereatlv reduced brigades of Continen
tal troops constituted the second Une.
One of the brigades was from North
Carolina, another from Virginia and
the remaining one from Maryland. The
North Carolina brigade was divided
Into three battalions and placed on the
right. Majors Blount and Armstrong
and Lieutenant Cblonel Ashe, each
commanded a battalion?the whole
commanded by Gen. Sumner. The Virginia
brigade commanded by Lieutenant
Colonel Richard Campbell was
posted In the centre. This was divided
Into two bnttallons the commanders of
which were respectively Major Snead
and Captain Edmund. The Maryland
brigade commanded by Colonel Otho
H. Williams, deputy adjutant general
was posted on the right of the second
line. The Maryland brigade was dlvld
ed into two battalions, the commanders
of which were Lieutenant Colonel
Howard and Major Hardman. The
right wing was covered by Lee's legion,
commanded by himself. The
state troops, the several divisions of
which were commanded respectively
by Colonels Hampton, Middleton and
Polk?the whole commanded by Colonel
Henderson?covered the left wing.
The reserve was composed of Colonel
Washington's cavalry and the Delaware
troops under Captain Ktrkwood.
Captain Gaines, with two threepounders
advanced with the front line
' and Captain Brown with two sixpounders,
moved forward with the second
Itne. Lee's legion led by himself
and the state troops, commanded by
( Henderson advanced in front of the
whole. Such is a brief outline of the
order in which the American army, under
General Greene moved forward on
the morning of the 8th of September,
1781.
Colonel Stewart with about twc
thousand soldiers lay at Eutaw Spring.
Hie line extended from Eutaw creek,
north of the Charleston road, across the
road, for a considerable distance. The
line passed in front of the residence ol
William Sinkler.
At eight o'clock, Lee and Henderson
came in contact with Captain Coffin
and his "potato diggers." Captain
Coffin seems to have been ignorant ol
the advance of the American army.
Captain Armstrong was leading Lee's
rAnnnnnltArlnir norfv 9n QAnn Oil
fin discovered Armstrong, he dashed
forward and made a spirited attack
upon him. Armstrong fell back upon
Lee. The legion and state troops were
soon arranged to receive the attack.
Lee, supposing that Stewart was apprised
of the nearness of the American
army, dispatched a courier to General
Greene to Inform him of what was
taking place. The American van was
now near four miles from Eutaw
Spring. Coffin boldly attacked Lee and
Henderson and was as boldly met by
these officers. Major Eggleston made
a quick movement and gained Coffin's
rear. Pressed both in front and rear.
Coffin was soon forced to yield. A
large number of his Infantry was killed
and forty Including their captain were
taken prisoners. Coffin's cavalry so
soop as they discovered E&gleston in
their rear, put spurs to their .horses
and fled In confusion. The unarmed
party which had been sent out to dig
nnlatnsg flart hank tn Mmn an Anon
as the firing commenced and thus escaped.
The American van under Lee and
Henderson, encouraged by the result*
of this skirmish, pressed forward with
vigor. About a mile from the camp
of Stewart, they were met by another
detachment of the enemy, which had
been sent to aid Coffin. Both Americans
and British seemed to have been
surprised by this occurrence. Stewart
now for the first time seems to have
been convinced that Oeneral, Greene
with his whole army was approaching.
The British fell back a short distance
and the main body of the Americans
soon arrived on the ground.
Both armies began now to prepare
for battle in earnest. Stewart drew
up his forces in battle array and General
Greene steadily advanced. Stewart
formed but one line. The thirty
tmra regiment canea tne insn cuns
commanded by Captain Coffin was
posted on the right; Colonel Cruger
with the remains of several corps was
stationed la the centre; the 6Sth and
64th regiments of regulars were posted
on the left Major Majorlbanks
with a battalion composed of grenadiers
and light Infantry was posted on
Eutaw creek. The enemy's artillery
was distributed along the line?part on
the Charleston road and part on the
road leading through the enemy's left
wing to Roach's plantation. In his
rgsr Stewart had stationed two separate
bodies of Infantry and cavalry to
be nailed Into action aa necessity might
demand.
The American front line closely followed
by the second artillery pressed
forward. At a few irfinutes past nine,
the musketry and artillery bqgan a
spirited Are upon the British line.
The British replied promptly. From
flank to flank the Americans poured in
a constant Are and from Aank to Aank
the British gallantly responded. The
conflict was fearful. The Whig militia
stood their ground like veterans. Stewart
brought his line into action. His
artillery played incessantly upon the
advancing column of militia. Steadily
they moved forward amid a shower of
cannon and musket balls. The infantry
of Lee's legion was fiercely met by
the 63rd. whilst Malmedy and hla corps
was furiously assailed by the 64th.
The North Carolinians grave way and
the enemy's left pressed forward. The
state troops under Henderson were
now furiously set upon by the flank
battalions under Majoribanks and by
the Irish Buffs. Just at this critical
moment one of the fleld pieces of the
British was disabled and both of the
three-pounders of Gaines were silenced.
Left unsupported by artillery, the
state troops still continued 'to flght
like tried veterans. Not until they had
fired seventeen rounds did they give
way. and then only because overwhelmed
by superior numbers.
To fill up the gap made by the giving
way of the militia, General Greene
ordered up the second line, under General
1 Sumner. Stewart at the same
moment* brought Into the action his
Infantry reserves. These fresh troops
foug-ht each other with desperate fury
for a short time. Unfortunately, Colonel
Henderson was disabled by a
wound. This produced a moments
confusion In the American ranks.
Hampton, Polk and Mlddleton discovering
the critical condition of affairs,
exerted themselves and soon restored
order.
The brigade which Sumner com
manaea. being composed mainiy 01
raw recruits gave way and fled in
confusion. The British rushed forward
and. were soon in as great disorder in
pursuit as the militia were in-flight.
General Greene ordered Williams "to
sweep the field with bayonets." The
Virginians under Campbell and the
Marylanders under Williams rushed
forward determined to change the aspect
of affairs or die In the attempt.
At the distance of forty paces from the
enemy, these veterans discharged theiv
muskets and with trailed arms and a
deafening shout, the whole second line
of the Americans rushed to ,the qharge.
The confusion of the British, already
great on account of the eagerness with
which they pursued the fleeing militia
was now rendered doubly great by the
furious charge to which they were
subjected. So soon as the smoke was
blown away and the confusion of the
British was discovered, Captain Rudolph
of Lee's legion, wheeled his cavalry
In upon them and swept everything
before him The Marylanders
under Howard and the Irish Buffs
were fighting hand to hand. In a
number of Instances the combatants
stood transfixed with each other's
bayonet. The British right and centei
gave way and the Americans raised
the shout of victory.
During the charge of the American'*
second line, Majoribanks who was posted
along the banks of Eutaw creek
kept pouring In a deadly fire Into th?
American flank. Colonels Washlngtor
and Hampton were ordered to dlslodg<
him. The position held by Majoribanki
was not capable of being approached
by cavalry, except by a small tract be
, twocrv him and the creek. Washington
divided his cavalry into sections and
i attempted to gain the rear of Majorl.
bankt. The creek was on one side and
, a dense thicket on the other. Wash>
lngton had advanced but a short dlsi
tance on this narrow path, when a vol!
ley of musketry, fired by men concealed
behind the thicket, proved fatal
\ to numbers of those brave men, who
i had fought so many hard battles. Col.
, Washington's horse was shot dead and
1 he himself hevnneted. and hut for the
interposition of a British officer would
i have been killed in a moment The
(round was literally covered with dead
men and horses. One-half of Washington's
cavalry was either killed or
wounded and every officer except two,
Hampton who had not Joined Washington
when the latter attempted' to
gain Majorlbanks' rear, now gathered
up the scattered remains of the caval- I
i In the meantime, Klrkwood with
his Delaware's attacked Majorlbanks.
The whole British line now began to
give way. Majorlbanks attempted to
dover the retreat Everything seemed
ftivorable to the Americans. The British
were retreating in confusion. Some
were running down the Charleston
road, depending for safety only in the
nneed with which thev fled from the
field of conflict. The enemy's tents
stood just In the rear of the line of
battle In their flight they passed
through their own camp, destroying as
tor as time would permit their stores.
In the British army there was nothing
but confusion. The veterans were
slowly retreating whilst the loyalists,
who ihad sought protection In the camp
of Stewart, panic stricken lest they
might fall Into the hands of the Americans,
mounting a horse wherever they
c+uld And bne. fled In terror many of
tlem to Charleston
At I he forks of the road was a large
bhck house with a number of servants'
houses together with other outbuildings
and a garden. Stewart had
erected some defences at this point
lfajoribanks made a halt behind the
g&rdlen. and Major Sheridan with a
number of New York volunteers, fled
Into i l he brick house. Stewart himself
was down the Charleston road, rallying
his fleeing soldiers.
In the pursuit the Americans passed
directly through the enemy's camp.
i ne commissaries nau nui own auie iv
destroy all the stores. The piise was
too tempting for the majority of the
American soldiers. Hungry and nearly
naked as most of them were, they began
;to appropriate, without stint the
good things In the tents of the British.
The pursuit partially ceased, and the
pursuers began to eat and drink until
some were stupid from eating to excess
and others reeling with drunkenness.
All was confusion. The men
ceased to respect or obey their officers.
Majoribanks began to fire from
behind the garden upon the Americans
now prowling about In the British
camp, and Coffin who had taken a position
in a thicket now moved upon
them and .poured In a destructive lire,
he rldan .kept up a constant fire from
the windows of the house. Some of
the Americans took shelter In the British
tents, whilst others attempted' to
shield themselves from the Are of the
enemy by getting behind the tents.
With anguish of heart, we may sup
pose, General Greene saw tne conauion
of his troops. Those in the British
camp were, many of them so Inflamed
with drink that they would obey no
command. That he might save the Imprudent
from utter destruction, he
dispatched a courier to Colonel Lee.
ordering him, with his legion to fall
upon Coffin. Lee was gone In pursuit
of the British. Maj. Eggleston of Lee's
command with a small party of cavalry,
undertook to execute the order, but
was repulsed by Coffin. Colonel Hampton
came to the assistance of Eggleston.
Coffin In turn was repulsed and
driven from the field of conflict. Unfortunately.
the command of Hampton,
unexpectedly came within range of
Majorlbank8' muskets, and was In a
moment almost exterminated.
Whilst the conflict was raging on
the right and left, Sheridan with a few
swivels which he had with him in
the brick house, was pouring destruction
upon the Americans In all quarters.
All the field pieces of the Brit
isn naa Deen capturea Dy ine Americans
and brought to bear upon the
brick house, but so near had they been
placed to the house, that the artillerists
were soon all killed or driven from
the guns. After Majorlb&nks had
scattered Hampton's command, he advanced
to the brick house and dragged
the captured guns under the windows
of the house. One of these guns
was re-captured and retained as a trophy
of the fierce conflict.
J.ne ngni rmu nuw ixiimuucu ucai
four hours. In every quarter success
was beginning to declare against the
Americans. Colonel Howard having
commenced an attack upon Majoribanks
was wounded. The troops under
his command fell back and Majorlbanks
remained master of the situation
Stewart was returning up the
Charleston road to renew the battle.
General Greene determined to draw
off his troops. This was all he could
attempt and It was doubtful whether
, he could accomplished this. His cavalry
was scattered In every direction;
his battalions were broken and his artillery
all either disabled or In the
hands of the enemy. Colonel Hampton
i was left near the enemy's camp, with a
strong Kuaru, anu inc rem ui me
, troops were led to Burdell's plantation
i seven miles from the scene of the
conflict.
Stewart was too badly crippled to
i even attempt pursuit. Both sides
( claimed the victory. The loss on both
. sides, considering the number of men
? engaged was very great. The Amerii
can loss was. In killed, wounded and
, missing, six hundred and twelve. Of
. this number there were twenty-two
. officers killed and thirty-nine wounded.
The British loss was six hundred and
, ninety-three?five hundred of whom
( were taken prisoners.
1 tc be continued.
_________
J Only Once.?"Can you honestly say
that you were never afraid in battle?"
I asked the tactician of the old veteran
with the wooden leg.
, "Well, no. I don't think I could say
' M.An HArvl?r
nitti, ?a.i me
"Then you were afraid?"
, "Yes, but only once."
j "Have you any objections to giving
me the particulars?"
1 "Not at all. I had lent the captain
i of my company ten dollars, and when
j we were rushed into a flghc and I saw
him taking the lea.d and exposing himself
I was afraid he'd get killed and
' I'd lose my money."
IHiScfllanrous fknitofl.
JUST A8 GOOD A8 CHARLESTON.
That la What tha Nawa and Couriar
Thinks of Yorkvilla.
News and Courier Editorial
"We know It to be a fact," says the
Torkvllle Enquirer In a very interesting
little essay touching upon some
of the peculiarities of the Charleston
people, which we print elsewhere,
"that in many respects Yorkvllle people
can afford to be generous to the
claims of anybody anywhere." Our
nnn?>mnn,.iin> la Hah! Tho n?nnl?
of Yorkvllle are a particularly Intelligent
and selfrespectlng people. They
are. aa a rule, well educated. They
keep In touch with the outside world.
Some of thejn play bridge whist, all
of them are acquainted with the delights
of the pound party, many of
them do not think It any sin to engage
In round dancing. They are a
highly civilized and patriotic people.
They think very well of themselves,
as they ought, and It is greatly to
their credit that while claiming so
much for themselves they can afford
to be "generous" to those who are not
so fortunate jas to be of their number.
We have found that good people are
are very much the same all the world
over, and that whatever the "delightful
weaknesses" of the people of
Charleston they are not very much
unlike the people of Yorkvllle elfher '
in their pride of place or in exalting
their happy estate. It is rather flattering
than otherwise to their loyalty
of spirit that they should believe th&t
Charleston is really the best place in
the world, and it Is only human nature
that they should think of
Charleston what we are assured the
people of Yorkvllle think of Yorkville.
They are not more touchy than other
folk.
The "Charleston lady" who spoke
of Yorkvllle as a "pretty little hamlet"
did not intend to be "patronising,"
we are sure. The Yorkvllle
people would have thought a great
deal less of her If she had said, for
example, that Yorkvllle In an ugly
little hamlet. The accent, we suppose,
however, if the grievance against
her Is to be seriously entertained,
must be placed on the "hamlet" word
and not on the qualifying adjectives.
Yorkvllle, in fact, is not a hamlet
Tn England a hamlet is a Dlace with
out a church and sometimes without
a store. There are a number of
churches In Torkvflle. and Instead
of playing golf as some of our own alleged
Christians do on the* Sabbath,
the people of Yorlcville keep the day
holy by attending Divine services and
abstaining from the pursuits of everyday
life on 'this blessed day, without
whoBe light, according to the saintly
Herbert, the world would be dark indeed.
Not only are there churches
and church-goers in Yorkville, but
there are many large and flourishing
mercantile establishments there, and
mills ami factories and schools and
clubs of one sort and another, which
make of life In that fine community
one long sweet dream. The "Charleston
lady" was unhappy in her parts
of speech, but we are sure that she
did not intend to give offence. She
could not be a Charleston lady If such
was her Intention, Her unfortunate
expression, therefore, must be attributed
to a lack of information rather
than to (lnv dlsnosltion on her Dart
to say aught that would offend the
amour-propre of our delightful neighbors
and kinsfolk who live so happily
under the shade of King's Mountain.
Moreover, it might turn put upon
careful investigation that the "Charleston
lady" who spoke of Yorkville as
a "pretty little hamlet" is not' a
Charlestonian at all. A good many of
us have corse into this town in recent
years from other parts of the state,
and we have all found living in
Charleston very pleasant, excusing the
longing that often comes over us for
the wholesome diet?the "country*'
sausage (we protest that no harm Is
meant by the use of the word "country"
in describing this very appetizing
article of food) the fresh eggs, the
lovely buttermilk and the yellow-leg
a #A/I
gcu (_II11.II trim utiuu muui wo iou ou
bountifully in the Ions', Ions ago. We
do not know who the "Charleston lady"
was who gave such offence to our
Yorkville frtends, but there have been
so maqy changes in this community
In recent years that we are half inclined
to attribute the descriptive epithet
applied to Yorkville to some outlander
who has settled down among
us. However that may be, we wish
some basis of compromise could be
reached by which the people of Yorkville
would be as "generous" to us as
we are generous to ourselves, but In
nny event with assurances of our most
distinguished consideration we beg to
say to the esteemed Yorkville Enquirer
that the Charleston people really
think no more of themselves than they
do of the Yorkville people. Why should
they? We all belong to the same great
family, and a very happy family It
would be If Instead of exposing the
weaknesses of one another we should
dwell upon the virtues of all South
Carolinians.
ORIGIN OF TRA0E8 UNI0N8.
Journeymen Bakers Struck In New
York at Early aa 1741.
The exact date of the origin of
tro.lou unlnnu In Amsrlen Is unknown.
It 18 believed, says the report of the
Massachusetts bureau of statistics of
labor, that there were no labor unions
In the colonies, although a strike of
Journeymen bakers Is said to have occurred
In New York In 1741. Whatever
of associated effort there was
among workmen at this early period
was of a temporary nature, having a
single purpose in view, and when
this was accomplished whatever compact
existed was then dissolved. It
was then the custom to call a "general
meeting" whenever a matter of trade
Importance presented itself. Such
calls were generally signed by some
one or two men of recognized influence
in the trade, and the meetings
were, as a rule, held In private houses.
They were organized by the election
of officers, a statement was made of
the purpose in calling the trade together,
and after a discussion resolutions
were adopted embodying the
views of those present on the question
presented. When the meeting had decided
what the attitude of the trade
was to be all those present, if willing to
do so, signed an agreement to stand
by one another during the difficulty.
Many if not all of the strikes In colonial
times were undertaken with no
more organization than this.
The first real understanding, so far
as compositors were concerned, Is said
to have been in 1776, when the journeymen
printers made a demand for
an Increase of wages, which was refused
by their employers, with the result
that a strike was called. This
proved successful, and the association
was ended. Again, in 1786, an effort
was made to reduce wages to $6.88 1-3
a week, and the trade was again called
together and a statement issued declaring
that the signers would not
work for less than 66 a week.
The great period of growth for
labor unions was the latter part of
the sixties of the last century, owing
to the organization of great corporations
and the opening up of the whole
country to the work of freemen. Local
unions were everywhere formed,
vigorous labor parties were organized,
in some places representatives of labor
were elected to office, and many of the
largest and strongest-national unions
now existing were established.
HOW BONI 8PKNT THE MONEY.
I
Dissipated $8,000,000 of the Qould Fortune
In Four Years.
Eight million dollars in four years,
and with seven more years of extravagance
as yet unaudited, is the marvelous
record of expenditure of Boni
de Castellane, the titled French husband,
from whom his countess, formerly
Anna Gould, is now seeking to be
freed by divorce.
It was testified at the trial this week
that when the American heiress would
not satisfy her husband's demands for
money, he slapped and pinched her; but
other titled husbands have been known
to entertain similar Ideas of- domestic
discipline.
It is as a spendthrift, a man who
threw greenbacks about like so much
confetti, that fconl de Castellane stands
unrivaled ill,,the long list of foreign
husbands boufrht with American dollars.
Cleopatra melting a priceless
pearl in her wine to show her recklessness,
was a miser by comparison with
this little French nobleman, who, be- ,
fore his marriage to the Qould heiress,
lived over a dressmaker's shop, and
after his engagement rhad all his bills
paid at the Waldorf desk, because he
had not the wherewithal to meet his
living CAJA-U3CO.
Mme. Du Barry, whose remarkable
extravagances ware held largely responsible
for the French revolution,
was a niggard when compared with ,
the little count
To spend $8,000,000 In four years
seems almost an Impossible achievement,
yet Ron! did It g&yly, carelessly.
and at the end of his golden tether ,
Is said to owe as much more. Anna
Gould paid all the count's debts on her
marriage to him, and settled a fortune
of $3,000,000 on him, which was
$2,000,000 less than he asked. Her Income
amounted to .
from the day of her wedding" she has
been continually harassed by creditors,
and has found even her colossal millions
Inadequate to satisfy Boni's demands.
A consultation of the Gould family
had to be held in 1901. Boni had spent
his $3,000,000 marriage portion and
owed $4,700,000 .more. Of this amount,
George and Edwin Gould furnished $1,600,000,
and the little countess* income
was cut to $260,000 a year to supply the
remainder.
How did Bonl spend this incredible
? ? anmA A# tha
ounx ui iiiuiic; i ncio ate dvimv vx
things he bought and what he p4id (or
them:
First of all was ttie building of his
$1,000,000 home in Paris, a copy of
Louis XlV's Little Trianon at Versailles.
Then there was the yacht Valhalla.
which cost him $200,000 more.
A hunting expenditure for the king of
Portugal cost $25,000; a dinner and reception
to the same sovereign, $50,000
more. There were a $30,000 clock, an
$11,000 sable overcoat for Bonl to have
his pictures painted in; a pair of WardrnhAft
nainted bv Wattefl.il. costlnx
$280,000.
Then there was the chateau d' Hive
r, a country place, costing $300,000,
to which Bonl added a memorial chapel
at an expense of $200,000. A garden
party, held at his chateau, cost $100,000.
The count's election to the chamber
of deputies diverted $300,000, from
the Midas board. A boar hunt for the
Grand Duke Boris of Russia, took from
it $100,000.
So the Gould money flew. Moreover,
the countess had not even the satisfaction
of knowing that she received good
value for It. The count gave $60,000
for a painting which had cost the seller
$50. He bought a pair of candlesticks
which purported to have been
Marie Antoinette's, but which turned
out to be the crudest Imitations, for
$18,000. He frequently lost $25,000 In
a single afternoon at tne races, ne
dropped hundreds of thousands on the
French Bourse, buying worthless
shares. He gave a Louis XVI ball
which Is said to have cost $200,dOO.
The list of the Casteliane follies is endless.
Year after year Anna Oould, with
the thrifty Instincts inherited from
hardworking ancestors, looked on appalled
while her millions flew from the
rose-tinted Casteliane fingers that for
generations had not worked. If she
protested, Bonl, as she has declared in
her petition, slapped and pinched her.
It took her entire income to purchase
peace, and even that income was inadequate
to buy for her what the
poorest woman expeCtS'from her husband?truth,
loyalty, dhd a sense of
honor.?New York special to Washington
Post.
Production ok Piq Iron.?At no
time in the history of this country,
says a Philadelphia dispatch, has the
production of pig iron been so large as
at present while the tremendous energy
characterizing the iron and steel
Industry is dally increasing. Still it
will have to be Increased to meet the
demand. In Pittsburg 97 per cent of
the blast furnaces are being worked
to their full capacity whild it is announced
that the Carnegie Steel company
has every one of its furnaces in
blast and cannot produce another ton
of iron. However in spite of all tension
there is a decided shortage which
is being made up in tjie purchase of
scrap metal utilised in the making of
open hearth Steel. Prices of pig iron
are such as to warrant importations
from Europe and there seems to be a
demand for iron in Europe as well as
in this country, and British and German
producers have no iron for export
TOUCHED FARTHEST NORTH.
Psary Brings Us ths Honor Hold By
An Italian.
Commander Peary's steamship, the
Roosevelt, left New York on her long
Journey in search of the North Pole
on July 16 of last year. The Roosevelt
waa built in Maine and came
down to New York, where she was
refitted before starting. The vessel,
for which the funds were furnished by
the Peary Arctic club of New York, was
designed by Naval Architect William
B. Wlnant particularly for Arctic exDloration.
She cost about $100,000.
The Roosevelt had a crew of 20 men.
under Capt Bartlett
Commander Peary did not go with
the.ship from New York, but joined
her later at Sydney, C. B., where she
took on coal and additional supplies.
The Roosevelt left Sydney on July 26.
She was next reported at Domino
Run, Labrador, on July 29. From
that point she crossed to Qreenland.
The, vessel was next heard from at
Etah, North Qreenland. She passed
Cape York on August 7. The expedition's
auxiliary steamer Erik had
visited various settlements in Qreen- .
land meanwhile, and had obtained
natives and dogs for the explorer, and
turned them over to the Roosevelt
on August 13.
A* Ptak it>a DnAuvalt 1 rtvarhnuled
her machinery, took on board her
last supply of coal from the Erik,
and thence proceeded north, with 28
Eskimos and about 200 dogs on board.
When nothing had been heard from
the Roosevelt by last July some .
friends, of the Arctic explorer, who
had expected a message of some kind
in May or June, began to be worried
over the long delay. This anxiety,
however, was not shared by the
members of the Peary Arctic club,
who then said they did not expect to
hear from Peary until October or
November. It was then explained
thatl his only way of getting news
down from the north was by whaling
ships.
Peary planned to have his head- ?
quarters 3(0 miles north of Cape Sabine,
From that point he planned to
make his actual Journey to the pole,
a distance of (00 miles, across a desert
of ice and snow. This final dash
he expected to make in a month or
six weeks from the time he left headquarters.
In an interview Just before he
sailed, Commander Peary had this to
say about his plans:
"Nearly all of my men are members
of former Arctic expeditions and
thoroughly familiar witn tne wora
ahead of them. I will take on
500 tons of coal at Sydney, C. B., after
which we will proceed via the
Oulf of St Lawrence to Belle Isle and
along the coast of Labrador to Davis
trait
"Prom Davis strait we will sail
through the west coast of Greenland,
through Melville bay to the Whale
sound regions. At the last named
point we will pick up the Eskimo
doai and then proceed to Sabine,
where our Eskimos?the pick of their
race?will assemble.
"The Roosevelt will then be pushed
through the Kennedy and Robeeon
channels to the north shore of Grantland,
where we will remain there until
February 1. and then we begin the
dash for the north pole, 400 miles
away.il
"Than are three strong points In
my favo|. Ft;*t, the Roosevelt, Is the
moet powerful Arctic boat ever' built;
second, Imy knowledge gained by 10
years in the Arctic; third, my knowledge
of the Eskimos and how to
handle* them. I expect to find nothing
Abnormal, and am convinced
there no open sea and no pole to
nail tfte flag to. The fact Is, one
might step on the pole and without
Instruments of precision never know
It."
Commander Peary also, said that in
his party would be only two white
men, one a physician. On the trip
there was to be a sledge for each
Eskimo and from six'to eight dogs to
each sledge. Each of the sledges
was to have 600 pounds of dog food,
ship's biscuit and tea. The explorer's
only Instruments, he said, would be
a traveler's theodolite, a pocket sex
tant and a chronometer. Although
he was convinced there was no animal
|lfe in the country, he intended to
carry two large rifles.
Commander Peary's ship, the
Roosevelt, is the most powerful vessel
ever built for Arctic exploration.
It has a pronounced raking stem and
a wedge-shaped bow. A very sharp
rise of floor afforded a form of side
which it was hoped could not be
grasped by the ice, while a big overhang
at the stern was devised tb protect
the propeller.
Screw tie rods were used to bind
the ship together, and the bow was
filled in almost solid to meet the impact
of the ice. Other peculiarities
of the ship are a massive ana unusuai
reinforcement of the rudder post
to prevent twisting, and the adoption
of a rudder that can be lifted out of
the water. Besides her steam power, the
Roosevelt, which is a schooner
rigged, carries fourteen sails.
This trip is the ninth that Commander
Peary has made into Arctic
regions. His first was made in 1888,
when t)e crossed part of Greenland.
When He went again, in 1891, he wintered
on the west coast, and in the
spring he went diagonally over the
Ice cap to a point on the northeast
coast never before visited. This he
named Indedendenze bay. In 1893
Mrs Peary accompanied him on his
trip north. On these trips he brought
down masses of iron believed to be
of meteoric origin.
In 1898 he visited England, where
he outlined his plans for future trips
before many scientific societies. To
that trip was due, perhaps, the gift
of the ship Windward, then owned by
Mr. Harmsworth. Peary also received
handsome backing from his
own countrymen. A club was organised
which was composed of twenty
nve memDers, eacn 01 wnom waa 10
contribute |1,000 a. year for four
years to promote Peary's plans.
Morris K. Jesup and James J. Hill
not only doubled their subscription,
but extended them. Mr. Jesup a}ded
Peary very materially financially In
his present voyage.
In 1900 Commander Peary succeeded
In reaching latitude 88.50. Here
he found A wide stretch of water that
he could not cross, and he was compelled
to turn back. The next year
he and Dr. Dedrick, the surgeon of the
expedition, had some differences, and
the doctor peremptorily requested
that he be left at Etah.
Once when asked what good it
would do If he reached the pole, Commander
Peary said:
"It will open up 8,000,000 square
miles of absolutely unknown regions
that have been separated from the
rest of the world for countless ages."
Robert Edwin Peary was born in
1854. He Is an engineer In the United
States navy.