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Straus # Jack The legislature of Oregon at its last session, divoroed 60 couples. > A bill has passed tbe Louisiana Logislature declaring dogs to be personal property. Billy Bowlegs and his whole tribe, arriyed at New Orleans on the 15th inst., and are quartered at the Barracks. ^ According to the Massachusetts Register, there are in Massachusetts a little rising of one thousand lawyers. . A Quaker being asked his opinion of phrenology, replied indignantly, " Friends, there oan be no good in a science that comDels a man to take off his hat." Loernso Dow "still lives."' He is one of the three candidates of the Free State men of Kansas forjudges under the Leavenworth Constitution. ?? A firm in Havana have obtained per mission to lay down a submarine telegraph from Cuba to Key West, Florida. The work will "be speedily proceeded with. ?? An old Greenland seaman said he cquld readily believe that crocodiles shed tears, for he ha J often seen whale's blubber.' An Indian seeing a belle dressed out in full crinoline breadth of fashion pass him in the street, was heard to ezolaim, " much heap wigwam, ugh!" The old project for the formation of ft. new State from porticos of Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina, has been revi ?d. ?John Chapman has received 3750 damages from John B. Hines, commissioner of. eleotion in Washington city, for illegally rejecting his vote. The unfinished monument to Mary, the mufherof Washington, atFredericksbnrg, Vav is "said to be fait going to ruin, and is Bbdly disfigured with bullet and shot marks, being used by the boys as a target. The oldest clock in America is said to be the one' in the Philadelphia Library, which is nearly two centuries old. It was made in London, keeps good time and i9 said to have been owned by Oliver Cromwell. An editor speaks of his party as the ? heavy-handed democracy." They may be heavy-handed, says Prentice, but when they have been within arm's length of the spoils, they have shown themselves light fingered. A lady named Temple, who is well known in the fashionable regions of Belgravia, has discovered a remedy for stuttering. It is simply the act of reading in a whisper, and gradually augmenting the whisper to a louder tone. There are sixty seaports in Cuba, and last year there were 3680 coastwise arrivals and 3659 clearances. This will give an idea of the trade of this heantiful island, which is nokmore thin half cultivated under the praent regime. /Qgr?Henry Ward B&eoher, of rifle memo/ ly, intends to spend a few weeks in Kansas ?. during the ooming summer, for the purpose of ascertaining if it is true that hemp is really P" the staple production of that Territory. W ' Shoes, whether by wholesale or retail, ? have got tobe 25 per cent, dearer, throughnnnnfrr Tlip mntp-ri ql ha9 risen a E* UUV HUb WUUVkji boat 15 per cent., and the labor of manufacI tare at the North nearly 100 per cent. Be f careful how you tread.. An old settler near Bloomington, Illinois, says the winter of 1830 was remarkable for the scarcity of money, so much so that one man, elected justice of the peace, could not raise enough to pay an officer for swearing him in; so he stood up before a lookingglass and qualified himself. ?? It is rumored, says the Boston Courier, that Mr. Rarey, the American horse tamer, uses a file of Congressional speeches to subdue the refectory animals under bis charge. After reading about a quarter of an hour, the quadruped gives in, promises an entire amendment of morals and manners, if he will only 8top. The Glens Falls paper tells of a gentleman of standing in that village who had an inconvenient quantity of his own autographs in circulation, and who played crazy about the streets for a few days, and then mysteriously disappeared. His creditors said "poor fellow," and were glad to sell his notes for twenty-five cents on the dollar. In a few days the "poor fellow'' suddenly appeared again, and received a heap of cancelled paper from his agent, who bought it up. Something handsome was made by the operation, and his "standing" is just as good as ever. We are pleased to learn from the Washington correspondent of the New York Her aid, that Mr. Boyce's committee, appointed to inquire into the expediency of free trade and direot taxation, are ready to report. He proposes to abolish all duties on imports, and to resort to direct taxation.? The report is spoken of as one of great ability. We look forward to its publication with great interest. Mr. Boyce is cool and calculating in position. He does nothing wil fully or reoklessly for effect. We therefore look for a statesmanly report.?Carolinian. Great apprehensions are felt in the Southern States that the coming summer will be a very sickly one, and the dreadful scourge of yellow fever, from which the South was so unusually exempt last season, will return this year with greater violence than ever. This fear is based upon the fact that the long continued freshets, at this particular time are likely to breed febrile diseases. Nearly one fourth of the land on the Mississippi, from Vicksburg down to the mouth of the river, has been overflowed for many weeks, and all the swamps, bayous and lagoons at the South are gorged with stagnant water. In the interiors of Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia, the freshets have been unprecedented. "Ion," the Washington correspondent of the Baltimore Sun thus summarily sketches the probable future proceedings of Congress : The signs are abundant of a speedy close of the session. No important subjects of legislation are to be touched. The private calender is thrown overboard. Topics relating to our foreign affairs are not to be discussed. No special messages in regard to them are to be communicated. Nothing remains but for Mr. J. Glancy Jones and Mf. R. M. T. Hunter to pTess forward the remaining appropriation bills. So far, therefore, will Congress be from rescinding the joint resolution for the termination of tho session on the. 7th June, with a view to prolong the sessionj that they will find the time heavy on their hands, and may anticipate the day by absenteeism. .j |e ?0rMle (iwptirer. EDITED BT SAM'li W. MSLTON. YORKVU-LE, S. C. THNR8DAY MORNING, MAY 30, 1858. 8S5T We nre very desirous to give particular attention to tne local aepnrimeiu 01 ourpuj'cr^ and to this end, we would ask our friends in the various portions of the District, Postmasters and others, to give us reliable accounts of whatever matters of general interest, that may transpire in their respective localities. Notices of Marriages and Deaths will be promptly inserted, when accompanied by n responsible name. Announcements of religious and temperance meetings will be inserted with pleasure, and without oharge. Our friends, Clergymen, Postmasters and others, can, and we trust will, aid as materially in contributing interesting items, of this nature to our columns. *#* In order to encourage the efforts of all who are favorable to our enterprise, we propose to send a copy of the Enquirer, gratis, to any one making up a club of ten subscribers and sending $15, in advance. To clubs of six, tho paper will be sent for $10 50, with an extra copy to the person making the club Wm. P. McFadden, Esq., and M. Jones, are authorized to act as agents for the Enquirer, receive money and give receipts for the office. t8F H. Judge Moore, Esq., is our authorized agent to obtain subscriptions and advertisements, aud to collect money due the office, in Charleston. Our thanks are due to Hon. Messrs. Clay, Enolisu and Boyce, for documents. APPOINTMENT BY THE GOVERNOR. Gov. Allston has appointed Col. Arthur P. Hayne, of Charleston, to the place in the U. 8. Senate vacated by the death of Judge Evans. TO THE DIVISIONS. In order to accommodate Divisions of the Sons of Temperance, Mr. Grist has procured a seal of neat design, so arranged that it oan be made to snit the purpose of any Division in the State. Instead of each Division procuring a Seal at a heavy cost, one hundred impressions will be supplied by mail, postage pre-paid, on the receipt of $1.50.? Send on your orders. THE WORK PROGRESSES t Our Publisher has received a business-letter from the Grand Scribe, Mr. Townbend, in which he states that "the Order is more flourishing here (at Bennettsville) than it has been for seven years; and from various points in South Carolina, just now, the most encouraging letters are being received at the office." This will be welcome intelligence to the friends iu our own District. The material is almost worked up here, and we can afford to look with interest to other sections. Let the crusade go on! THE TRUE CAROLINIAN. This paper, at Anderson, has boen sold to Mr. Edward Symmes, who designs to remove the material to Pendleton and revive the publication of the Pendleton Messenger." A new officp will be purchased, and the Carolinian continued, by Mr. F. E. Martin. Mr. Moore has discharged 4be trusts of an editor so ably, and fearlessly, and has preserved a tone so thoroughly independent, thatwereallyregrethis retirement.' Few men were better fitted to give expression to the opinions of a spirited community. We trust he may be uppermost at every turn of the wheel; and, particularly, that a strong vote may precipitate him into the next Legislature. THE COTTON MARKET. Our friend, C. J. Kee, of Rock Hill, has sent us a table of the prices at which he has sold his cotton crops since the year 1885. It will be seen that the average is something over 8.88, lb., during the 23 years. The table is as follows: 1835 10 (1847 : 10 188G 16 ,1848 6* 183 7 9 ,1849 91 1838 8} 1860 11 1889 8|;1851 10 184 0 9 11852 8} 184 1 81 1853 91 184 2 7 11864 81 184 3 71 1855 71 1844 4 1856 10 184 5 4J 1857 Ill 184 6 9 '1858 ? RAMSAY'S HISTORY. Mr. W. J. Dcffie, of Newberry, has placed upon our table his re-publication of Ramsay's History of South Carolina. It is printed complete in one volume, by Walker, Evans, & Co., of Charleston, in a style not excelled by Northern publications. The title of this book is with us a household word ; we heard it often, in earlier years, when listening to the varied story, the stirring traditions, Pornlnlinn- and a hurried fflfince at its V. .. , O pages gives confirmation to many a thrilling incident which we had thought but legendary, and had well-nigh forgotten. Of course, we have searched for Ramsay's History more than once, and now, when the enterprise of Mr. Dptfie has placed it in the reach of all, we are ready to give to it our warmest recommendation. Perhaps, in point of style and methodioal arrangement it would not successfully stand the test of criticism; but as a record of facts else unknown?the richly-fi eighted argosy that has brought to us a memory of the heroic deeds of our fathers, their high achievements, in field and in council, their patriotic devotion, noble daring, patient suffering, and their heavencrowned victories?this unpretending book has a value beyond the limit of a price. It is the only work that can aspire to a dignity worthy of the glorious age of which it would be a record; and as such, it should be made the ornament of every family library in the State, and the ready means of teaching those inestimable lessons of the past which every boy and girl in the State should learn and commit well to heart. Let us look at the first chapter, and taking down some of the note-worthy item s, ascertain of how much of the early history of our State we are all ignorant. On the first page, we learn that the earliest settlement of South Carolina was made in 1670 near Beaufort, by a few emigrants from England, under William Sayle, who became the first Governor of the province. In 1680, the adventurers removed to Oyster Point at the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper rivers, and founded the city of Charleston. The first male ohild born I there was named Robert Tradd. The first slave introduced into the Colony was brought from Barbadoes by Sir John Yeomanb, in 1671. The first law on record is dated, May 26th 1682. Further on we learn the queer fact that tho infant settlement was augmented by emigrants from Georgia, who left that province because they were prohibited the use of spirituous liquors and were not allowed to own slaves! The territory ocoupied by our District, it is stated, was obtained by a treaty in 1765 from the Cherokees, and the firfet settle meat ia this section was made on the facoiet ana Fair-Forest rivers, in Union and Spartanburg, by those "red-clay farmers," the Scotch-Irish emigrants from Pennsylvania and Virginia. From that date large bodies of emigrants continued to settle in our district until, at the period of the revolution, this section was as thickly populated as any in the State. But we have not space to follow another chapter. Let every reader send to Mr. Duffie, get a copy and read for himself. Beyond the intrinsic value of | the work, something should be done to reward the hardy enterprise which Mr. Duffie has exhibited in making this re-publication. That such a venture should be attempted, by an up-cohntry book-seller, is certainly a note-worthy event; and we hope that the result win not be such as to die courage other adventurers in behalf of an indipeur I dent, self-sustained Southern literature. The book contains 807 pages, with maps of the State and the city of Charleston, and will be sent by mail on the reoeipt of $3.50 and 50 oents to pay postage. A portion of the edition, bound in half-calf, will be sold at $4.50. We shall be pleased to receive subscription, and procure copies for any of our readers. GENERAL ASSEMBLY. The proceedings of the Presbyterian General Assembly, in session in New Orleans, have not come to hand in a shape to enable us to make out a connected statement. The subject most interest ing to our readers?the contemplated nnion with the Associate Reformed Church?was introduced by the representative of t at church, from our State, Rev. J. W. Yovsa. A despatch says: "In an eloquent ana reeling manner no proscmed the greeting and congratulations of the synod and its present condition. The moderator of the assembly answered the representative of the synod, and welcomed him to a seat in the body. "The report of the committee appointed by a previous assembly to conduct a correspondence on the subject of union between the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church and the Synod of the Associate Reformed Church of the South was read This correspondent suggested two important difficulties in the way of union, the difference of the two bodies on the subject of psalmody and intercommunication. A motion was made to continue the Committee of Correspondence, which was afterwards amended by one discharging the committee from further consideration of the subject, and the relinquishment of measures for union on account of inherent difficulties in the way. "Dr. Breckinridge made an eloquent address on this subject against further efforts at union, characterizing the demands of the Associate Reformed Church a9 inadmissible, not presenting that spirit of broad Christian liberality which favored farther discussion, and elaborating the proposition that what the assembly wanted in its constituent elements was homogeneonsness,.whiob wonld not exist if the two bodies should be incorporated. Dr. Hoge forcibly presented the same views with additional arguments for the cessation of measures tending to secure union. Several members followed on the other side of the question. "Pending the discussion the hour for adjournment having arrived, the whole question was ordered to be placed upon the business dooket, which is equivalent to laying it on the table subject to call." A spirited debate occurred upon a resolution declaring that the Amorican Bible Society had no right, by the terms of its constitution, to alter in any way "the common and acoepted standard English Scriptures," and expressing the conviction that the support of the Presbyterian church would depend on a strict adherence to the old revisionThe Board of Education reported the number of new candidates received the past year 103, making the total number since 181 9, 2(530. The roll of the Board the past year contains 885; in their theological course, 122; collegiate, 178"; academical, 83. The aggregate number this year is two greater than the last, while the number of new candidates is eleven more than were received the last year; $47,108.70 have been received by the Candidates Fuad, making a sum total of receipts of $49,473.30, of which $43,432.35 have been ex peuded. The total receipts of all kinds by the Board of Ministerial Education were $50,492.06; total expenditures, $49,980,55. The number of parochial schools is 100. The nnmber of Presbyteriauacademies is 60, besides the Ashman Insti tute, which educates young men for Africa. The number of Presbyterian colleges is 24. - The Assembly, which was still in session at the last accounts had agreed on Indianapolis, Indiana, as the place of next meeting, on the third Thursday of May, 1855. A correspondent of an exchange writes of Dr. Howe, thus: "I listened last night with great pleasure to an address delivered before the General Assembly, by Professer Howe, of Columbia College. As a representative of South Carolina, he.gave a history of the Church in that State, whioh necessarily carried him back to the early history of the Huguenots. I was much interested in a statement he made in this connection, that,the first settlement of Huguenots in Carolina dates forty-five years prior to the settlement of Jamestown, Virginia.? This differs from the statement I have heard pnb lioly made, that the altter was the first settlement made in the Union. THE COMMERCIAL CONVENTION. We promised, last week, to compile an account of the proceedings of this body, which has been holding the annual sessions in Montgomery, Alabama. Our columns are too much occupied, however, for an extended report; and we do not regret that our readers are spared the infliction. Instead of endeavoring honestly to carry out the purposes for which it professes to be holden, the Convention has been engaged exclusively with long-winded political speeches, on topics which are directly adverse to the desired end?a union of Southern sentiment in behalf of Southern interest. It seems to have been made the occasion of congregating an atmost unmitigated mass of "fire-eaters," who have made the affair hideous by disgorging fire-brands of discord to divide and perplex Southern counsels. We are well-nigh disgusted with the Convention and its insane proceedings, and dismiss the subject with the following timely extract from the editorial columns of the Carolinian. In a mild temper whjch we I would wish to emulate, the editor says : We are very much afraid that the range which debates have taken in the Montgomery Convention will have the opposite effect from that at first desired. The intelligence we receive from different sources, lead us to believe that the Convention has been composed mostly of men of intemperate impulses, and, as will be the case in such meeting, he was thought the most reliable who could be the most vehement. These Conventions wer? instituted for the purpose of harmonizing the South, and developing some scheme for the establishment of direct European trade, and thus effecting our commercial independence. Instead, however, they have degenerated into mere political assemblages. Such impracticable issues as the Affrican slave trade, and of extremely doubtful policy, even if practicable, are made to absorb their entire attention. The action, too, of our Southern Representatives are there discussed, and the whole delegation, with the exception of General Quitman and General Bonham, pronounced unworthy of Southern confidence. We think it would be wrong to proscribe either Gen. Quitman or Gen. Bonham. They, without doubt acted honestly. We claim the same for the others of our Representatives. They have carefully -assigned their reasons for their vote. Mr. Hunter, Mr. Boyce and Mr. Keitt have each, in speeches that have never been answered and are unanswerable, stated these reasons carefully. What, then, are we to understand by all this ? Are we to infer that in this whole Kansas issue tho altruists are looking solely to revolution ? A just and honorable settlement they did not want. We oan draw no other conclusion; for when they get this they are for casting overboard their own Representatives, because they gave their support to a measure of honorable adjustment. Mr. Scott, from Alabama, declared in the Convention that "the Convention had been turned into a political debating olub." Col. Yancey gets up and arraigns the whole Southern delegation. He then turns upon Virginia, and deals that old commonwealth a blow because she opposes a revival of the African slave trade. For the same reason he may arraign South Carolina, and we venture to say his own State. Whatever may be the interest of Texas and the South-western Territories in this matter, it is not to the interest of those older States to advocate any measure that will reduce the price of cotton and bring about competition -1 ---> sllnaial oal! af thn | 061W66U bllClU auu vuo ivi vnu Dtiui mi ovit vi wuw West. The Montgomery Confederation, of the 18th, speaking of these charges against Virginia, says: "their crimination has excited recrimination, and for the last two days the speakers have entered the open sea of universal political discussion." "Most unfortunate," addB the same paper, "has this been to our suction. At the time when all the Sonth might and thould have united, we i have had thb apple of disoord thrown among us, ! and the bitter and angry waters of strife and oonj tention stirred up, we tear, to its lowest depths. Proud spectacles this for the Abolitionist i"? ! With such disoord, how are we to contend with i the new coalition ? The following, from the Mont! gomery correspondent, editorial we believe, of the Charleston Mercury, bears also upon the point, I and shows (he sad consequences that art likely to result from such intemperateness. Speaking c< of the discussion on the slave trade he says:- Sl ' I am sorry to say that the agitation of this , question here, is breeding great dissension in the d Convention. When it is obvious that the slave p trade is prohibited by a plain provison of the con- 0] stitution, and that it is impossible that the South can get a repeal of this law by Congress, it does seem to be very vain to have any dissension in the ft South about it. It will inevitable divide and par- t< alyze the South, and thus tehd'torkeep her in the p present Union. Nothing can bo more congenial to the policy of the North than that the Southern States, on an impracticable issue, should divide and make parties amongst themselves, nnd thus jj render a hearty union, against their encroachments and aggressions, an impossibility. If matters go e on as they have begun on tbis?ubject, the mischief ft will be immense." h The Convention has determined to hold its next ti annual meeting in Vicksburg, Mississippi. h *??? o For the Yorkville Enquirer. ' ? V PINE GROVE DIVISION. . Mr. Editor:?By inritatiou of Pine Grove Division I attended their demonstration on Saturday ? last. This Division is located near Antioch ohurob ^ on King's Creek. The assemblage on the occasion, taking all things in consideration, was respectable ^ in numbers and was graced by ? handsome collec- ~ tion of the better part of oar kind, from the staid ^ matron to the sprightly, blooming maiden in all , the glow and freshness of life. Kind feeling, har- n mony and the utmost decorum both in the Sons and oitizens characterized this demonstration. No ^ meeting of the kind any where could prove more ^ pleasant, or evidence a higher respect for the amenities of social oxistence and that good order ^ which should mark an Intelligent community.? On arrival in the neighborhood 1 learned an impor- c taat fact, the very reverse of an apprehension for- ^ merly received and entertained. Antioch is a nu- g merons Baptist congregation. So far from being t| a whiskey-distilling and dram-drinking church, r the congregation, as I have been informed, hi^ve ^ actually passed a law fortidding any of its mem- c bers from distilling, retailing, or uting intoxicating ^ drink, and have proceeded tq enforce the regulation by an aotnal expulsion of several members for violation of the church law. The Baptists of ^ Antioch insist on the position, that they are a to- ^ tal abstinence congregation. If my information ^ be correct, Antioch?on Kings Creek?in a graingrowing region?in a section not long since covered with still-houses?is far, very far in advance, in the Temperanoe cause, of every other religious denomination in York District, unless we except ^ the Methodists. If the strong and influential men Q wrawo nnw frx nnhft rri h U1 aunu^u VUI'^logauvu ?fv?v UVTT *v ?**?v ,, ... ^ the members of Pine Grove Division in inculcating the principle of total abstinence?meet with, and encourage the young men, who are not mem- j( bers of any religious denomination, in shunning the use of intoxicating drink?in using all their influence with those dram-drinkers, who now feel sustained by the example of church members in * keeping aloof from a Temperance sooiety, who can calculate the important good, whioh might thereby be produced on the whole neighborhood, affecting ^ society no'; only in its temporal but eternal inte- ** rests? Can any man, when he comes to die, who ai who has refased to throw the whole weight of his b influenco into the scale of total abstinence and against the nse of the intoxicating poison, lay his hand on his heart and say, be ia aura his example has not sent some soul to a drunkard's grave and the realities of a drunkard's hell ? Let christians * reflect, and answer to their own enlightened con- D seiences. How can any man be sure in such a 11 61 case ? The Son of Temperance, if he have discharged his whole duty in this respect, can have n an approving assurance. The Sons can reach men, whom the Church dare not take into its commu- 11 nion. The writer is under the impression, a cer- U tain congregation in York has not admitted into its palo a single male adult communicant during 11 the last eighteen months without being first a Son a of Temperance. ? - ' After an address of a couple of hours in length, and partaking of a bountiful pic-Jiic, prepared s| and superintended by the ladies of the vicinity, the B1 writer was compelled, to reach home, to be the 4 first to break away from the agreeable scene. ? " NEW YORK CORRESPONDENCE. U< New York, May 15, 1858. 01 May is the month of anniversary celebrations ? in New York. Lola Montxz and the "Grand - b Turk" had their day, but from that time up to this- w month, a dull quiet reigned, and a foreboding w calm enveloped "the Metropolitan City." Socie- 1B ties and Clubs, representing every phase of fanatical nonsense and religious bigotry, hold sessions daily. Some are in harmoniouf concord, others ftl set to by the ears. There is the Woman's Rights Convention, consisting of Rev. Astoinettr Brown, e( ?1- * - . T trrtv 9fn?r wnmnn man T.OVT) 1 WU11C VTUJUIfcU, UVUi Gabbison, man-woman and striker-general; with ffl a host of other wonten, men and children (babies *8 excluded,) of all sbedes and colors, from milky ^ white to sooty black. These philosophers recom- w mend a crusade, at the point of the bayonet, in ?' favor of the recognition of the "nyAfi" of the P: gentler Bex ; which is good policj and a practical 18 idea, if the leaders themselves will take the ini- 81 tiative, and commence where charity begins?'at home. 0: Then there is the Abolition Sooiety, made up of ^ Bible Hiile Beecheb, Feed Douolas (oolored,) tl Sewahd, & Co., anil -'Deed Scott" Chbeveb, with ^ a host of mingled colors that give to the conclave ?' an aspect, resembling a pot of boiling speckled ^ and black beans. Fred and "Daddy" Chbeveb take strong grounds against the Union and Gov- se ernment, which, in their views, are founded on the liberties of a free people, and better than ^ which they are always prepared to construct at 8t the earliest warning, without charge. It is hard w to say which of the "beloved two" is the most re- P1 spectable character, if respect and character comes 8< in question. The one has elevated himself from 10 the humble sphere of an. inferior race, but it is 10 not quite so certain that the other has taken either 81 a step lower in the scale of life or reflected any honor on his sable companion. The "nigger" is to the best man of the two. Chbeveb still screeches tb occasionally to a favored fow about the "peculiar u] institution," but the "institution," like every one n< else, is heartily tired of him; while Beeohsb has, cl in the main, subsided into the quietude and seem- ti ing content of a satiated suoking calf. In the e< great farce of Abolition, Bkecheb plays the "lion's w part," while his copyist, Cheevbb, acts the "ass" d< or "moonshine," according as Fbxd shakes this hi wand or that. w The American Tract Sooiety, an institution well P1 known in the religious world South, has just P] passed through a trying ordeal on the Abolition 111 question. An attempt was made by Cheevib and a? one Lewis Tappan, a notorious abolitionists, to have incorporated into tracts, under sanction of tr the Tract Society, some wholesome abolition sentiments and principles, for distribution in the w "benighted and ungodly land of slavery." They ht were defeated at all points, but the effort made, ^ snows too well a triumph for them at no very ai distant day. ai The whole Churoh business, North and South, P* must exist separately; and it is high time the lat- P' ter was awakening from her lethargy, and assuming that vigilance which looks to self-defenoe.? ac Commercial interests are powerful; and strong, of continued, and irresistable, must be the force that of snaps them. But let it be remembered that our of country will soon, alas 1 too soon 1 have nothing pi else upon which to hang a hope for the Union. vi Rev. Robinson Scott, a Methodist Minister of ol Ireland, who has been canvassing the Northern States in behalf of the Irish of "Old Erin," ires "i jmpliraented with a dinner at Niblo's for having acoeeded in raising a round hundred thousand ollars to be carried out of the country, and apcopriated to converting hog-trotting Irish Cath[ics of the Roman stripe, into up-land Protestnts, a task about as easy as that of evangelizing wandering Arab. But in this age of Fillibnssrism we may not be surprised to see its princiles creeping into the sacred desk, as well as into ic Southern Commercial Convention. Tlie great stroet of money operations, not only for ew York, but the whole United States, has ncvr had a very enviable reputation for honesty and iir dealing; and whatever this reputation was, it as not been bettered by a late series or transac ons, squinting in the wrong direction, which are come to light In clearing away the rubbish f the late financial revulsion, it was discovered intone "Hehbt Dwioht, Banker and BrokeT, fall street," had committed deeds sufficient to ring him up before the officials on charges of erjury, embezzlement and conspiracy to defraud i relation to a certain Western Railroad. It seems iat he managed to get ioto the Directory of the tmd in question, and then succeeded in securing eats for his clerks and minions as Directors until e had a majority in his favor, when he issued onds to large amounts in payment of private lairas ho way connected with the road. He is ow endeavoring to render an account of his stew rdship in the shape of a public trial; bat although ie State prison may be in view, he stands his misirtunes with the complacency of a filibuster. There has been an accident on a Railroad in lis State, recently, in whioh the killed amounted > nine and the wounded to fifty-five. It was aused by the passage of two trains, express and aggage and freight, over a rotten bridge at the nme time, the combined weight of both crashing tie frail structure. The persons in charge of the oad are endeavoring to exonerate themselves from lame, but they had been warned of the condition f the bridge for some time previously, therefore, bey are justly held culpable and responsible. The weather is very glbomy and sadly out of ear. It rains almost every day, and one olear ay to the week is as much as can be reasonably oped for. When that day comes, New York may c seen on Broadway, from 8 to 6 o'clook, P. M. The orisis in money affairs does not seem to have ffeoted the sales in crinolines in this city. The idies arc just as extravagant and non-approachble as ever. Silks t silks! nothing but silks! [nook-kneed gentlemen are now very much in deland as gallants, because they are found on trial 0 discompose the "dear, sweet cririoGne" very inch less in walking with the "Flora MoFlimbts" than do gentlemen with their legs "dished* 1 the opposite direction. SETH. For the Yorkrille Eoqnirer. O THE PEOPLE OF YORK DISTRICT. As I differed in opinion from the minority'of the elegation of this District, on the all absorbing nestion which was agitated in the last Legislate, and as I was led, from conrictions of duty ad a sound policy, to oppose the action of that ody in snspending the operation of the Aot of 840, making suspended Banks liable to pay into le public Treasury, 5 per cent, on their notes in irculation ; I had hoped, after returning home, iat any further controversy as to the subject, onld have been suffered to slumber forever ; as othing, in my judgment, could be effected prolotive of the public good, by blowing alive the mbers of discord which had blazed so fiercely dung the discussion before the Legislature; and iat in the coming canvass, questions of different nport, and of more immediate bearing, perhaps, pon the country's welfare, would have engaged le public mind. The aotion of the last session is revocable?the mischief done, is now irremedible. But in this expectation I am disappointed, t the last Extra Term of the Court of Common leas for this District, the Grand Jury, in pursuance of the charge delivered to them by the pre ding Judge, in which they were, as they olways re, told that it was their province and duty to resent all matters coming within their observaon, touching the general welfare of the comma ity?submitted a presentment in which they took tension to notice the deleterious influence of the irrupt and perverted system of Banking in South arolina, and to characterize these institutions as ighly hurtful to the general prosperity of the lontry; in which opinions and suggestions they ere warmly sustained by the venerable Judge, i a'spirited response to their presentment from te Bench. And now, this act of the Grand Ju j has been seised upon as a pretext for re-opt ning, :'ter the eleventh hour, a discussion of the sub ot upon wbioh the Legislature has already pass 1. A writer over the signature of "W,"?who assume, was one of the delegates who voted >r the relief of the Banks; from his professed .miliarity with the details of the debate in the egisiature, and also because of the faot, that-it as generally understood before the publication ! his article, that he would appear in the public rints?has entered the deserted field with a flourh of trumpets, after the battle had been fought id the victory wou; and by a multifarious prolction of considerable length, has attempted to touipatq the Banks from the just censures doe to teir many offences, as well as to defend the aeon of the last Legislature absolving them from an jnest liability, inourred by the doable sanctions ' their own contracts, and the laws of the land. rith what success, remains yet to be questioned. I deeply regret the necessity of obtruding my lf npon the pnblio notice through the press at lis time, but inasmuch as I am, indirectly longh not designedly arraigned before my conituency to answer for my official conduct, by the riter, in his advooacy of a measure which I opised with aH my might, I feel that I owe it to myslf, and also to those coinciding with me in opinn, that I should say something in vindication of y course in reference to the question under conderation. In regard to the article to which I now propose i invite public scrutiny, I must in candor say, lat while I am very far from endorsing his views pon the subject of Banks and banking, and have i patience at all with either his premises or oonusions touching the action of the last Legislate, that he has made his statements and deliver1 his opinions in a calm and dispaslonate, manner orthy of emulation. In this particular I will en>avor to respect his example. For his manner I ive great regard?for bis matter very nine. i ill not aim at a thorough discussion of the right rinciples and theory of banking; it is the syBtem f&cticed in our midst with which we have more mediately to do. In South Carolina, the one is i far from the other, as the laws which govern ie vegetable kingdom are from those which conol the solar syBtem. Besides, I regard it as enrely dehon the issue mainly presented by the riter, although in his rambling commentary, he is dilated at Borne length upon the usages of e Banks, and their great utility to the country, id has indulged in the most extravagant eulogies id strange assertions touching the benefits and ivilegej flowing from these incorporations to the iblio. Before I proceed to consider the policy of the ition of the last Legislature, I will notioe some the positions taken by the writer on the subject Banks and banking generally. Aft^r speaking their method of operation, and contrasting their ivileges under a charter with that of any indidual to bank upon his own capital without a tarter, he says: "these individuals are far better ithout the trammel of incorporation and again, the whole advantage of incorporation is, that it I . i *. brings together associated capital," Ac.?meatunj thereby, if meaning anything, that a charter of in corporation confers nc privileges over those enjoy ed by any private individual under the laws of tb land, and that, therefore, an incorporated Banl assumes no higher obligation, nor more sacre* trusts to the State and people when it issues it promises to pay, than any private man does, know this has been a popnlar clamour with som of the friends of the Banks who are "not familia with the subject of banking," and it strikes m that these are made either without due reflection or a proper comprehension of the nature and char acter of an incorporation. Is it so, now, that banking company derive from their charter, n privileges and advantages more than every citizei enjoys under the laws of the land ? Suppose private man makes his bills on demand, for te times the amount of his capital, which he mar ages to pat into circulation, and when payment i demanded which he is unable to meet, he is sue for the amount of his notes ; does be enjoy th same privileges with a stockholder of a Bank, whic is unable to pay her bills? Does the mot ignorant not know that his property is liable fc the last farthing of principal and interest due o his notes ? Does the most ignorant not know the after all his tangible property is exhausted m der the Sheriffs hammer, that his body is y< answerable for the debt, and may be incacert ted in the four walls of a jail until he renders schedule of his whole estate, tangible and intai gible, in satisfaction of his creditor's demand How stands the case with a stockholder of a chai tered Bank ? A liability for more than donbl the amount of his capital stock is imposed by th oharter of no Bank in South Carolina. Let th 8beriff then sell the chairs and tables of a bankin house for a liability of $1,000,000, incurred by Bank with a nominal capital of $800,000. L< him then sell $600,000 worth of the property < the stockholders?the extent of their liability on th debt of $1,000,000?by law, leaving a balance i $400,000 unpaid, which may be in the pockets < the stockholders, and consequently a loss to thi extent, to the holders of the Bank bills. Can yo take the body of the Bank and compel her to di gorge this $400,000 by imprisonment? The wr ter will bear in mind that there is a difference b< tween a corporate body and a corporeal body. J gain, "the charter does not give those bills the value," and "you may issue twenty dollars to one, 460., says tne writer, is it true mat me cuaru gives no valne to these bills?lends them no credi and gives no aid in making them onrrent e money? Very far from it. Can your notes offere in payment of my debts, if not objected to by m creditor, be pleaded in our, Court as a legal tei der ? Of course not! Are the bills of an ii corporated Bank, not objected to when offered i payment of a debt, a legal tender ? Most assurec ly they are. Are Tax Collectors required to receii your notes in payment of my taxes? Every or knows they are not and dare not do so. Are the commanded to receive the bills of incorporate Banks in payment thereof ? We all know that pei haps every dbllar of taxes in the State is paid h Bank notes. Is it true that an Act of incorporatk oonfers no privileges ? The assertion is idle and al surd. Again. In addition to the valne given to the: Bank bills by the laws of the State, in recogniiii them as a sound currency for certain importai purposes, credit is given to Bank notes in anothi point of view. Ihe Legislature when incorporate Banks in this State has made provision in the charters for compelling them to redeem their pi per with coin at the will of the holder, in order 1 secure a sound currrency to the country. It then the duty of the Legislature to see to it th? the Banks faithfully comply with their obligi tions ; and believing, as we do, that the Legists tore will perform their duty in the premises, does afford, in some sort, a guaranty that the bill of the Bank so incorporated, may be received t a sound oiroulating medium. And it is not ape our personal knowledge of the responsibility of tfa stockholders, as the writer has it, that we tak these bills; for we receive and circulate tl notes of Banks as freely as coin, withont knov ing the name of a single stockholder. Scmnc for the notion that a B^nk charter is a small mat ter, a mere "trammel." We have seen that big privileges and immunities are conferred upon thes corporate bodies by their charters, and the ot ligation assumed by them to afford a sound our rency is of a most solemn character. For a faitk fal discharge of their sacred trust, they should b held to the strictest account. Have .the Banks o South Carolina furnished this ourrency? Hav they confined their operations within the legit! mate scope of banking, and thus faithfully endea vored to meet their obligations to the State an people ? Ltt their suspensions, their sharping, she ving, kiting, and usurious broking, answer! In the communication of the writer, we fin these words: "And coin is not always to be had and though the basis of the circulating medium can never be so abundant as to supply the want of the world." It strikes me that this is a net idea in political economy. By what method c computation could he ever have arrived at thi result ? flow is it that all the gold' in the worl would be insufficient to buy all the valuables ii the world, the value of .which would be regulate* or measured precisely by this quantity of gold were there no other circulating medium of ficti tious value, such as Bank bills, &o ? All propert has merely a relative value, and if coin were th only ciroulating medium, the current price of ev ery chattel would be measured by the quantity ii circulation. It is a gross mistake to suppose thai ii sufficiency of gold and silver can not be affordei to answer the commercial purposes of the world One half or one decimal of the quantity now ex iating would be amply sufficient The nomine value or prices of merchandise would be decrease* in proportion to the diminution of the gold, whicl is the measure of values. It is true that a pape currency is more convenient, easy of transporta tion, and may very properly be used in the plao* of coin. It is immaterial whether it be paper oi horn, so that it be convertible into coin. But it h a fatal error, that Banks are necessary to furnisl a sufficient quantity of a circulating medium foi commercial purposes ; that a great abundance o Bank bills in circulation, caused by an extrava gant expansion of issues, brings a permanent pros perity to a country. It is true, when the countr] is flooded with these bills, a stimulus is given * * * * * " ?* ? ? - ?J n?Ann?^i &I1 Kind8 01 6Ql6rpnov ttuu s^cuuiauuu) |/iv|>vtig assumes for the time, an enhanced value; and al interests seem to flourish, when suddenly one o the thousand contingencies, which effect in as man] ways the commercial and other interests occur and checks the even but rapid pace in which ai things are moving, soon confidence in success oj security is lost. Payments are demanded?it short, a "run is made," and upon the refusal oi one Bank to redeem its paper promptly, a pani< seizes all classes of the industrial community, anc spreads like wild fire. A fearful finanoial orasl is the consequence, with its train of untold evila blighting and blasting eveiy interest in its dirt coarse. The over-issuing by the Banks is th< cause of financial revulsions: and it was fron this cause, doubtlessly, that this pressum is noa upon us. I do not wish to be understood as advooatinf the adoption of an exclusive metalio currency at once. Suph a sudden revolution in our finan cial system would certainly iead to disastroui results. I do not say, though, that this may no' become the issue, at no very remote period; but ] aim simply to show that the idea that Banks ar< an indispensable publio necessity; that thej make money more plentiful, and, therefore, oon I tribute to the general prosperity, is highly erro* neons apd delusire; that by the elrealatioD of - fire dollars of paper, to one of actual capital, or s tea dollars of paper to one- of coin, a morbid c stimulus is applied to all braoches of trade, and 1 men are prompted to haxardous speculations, which s always will, sooner or later, result in distress and I disaster, s The Banks, by expanding their issues to e au unlawful extent, 'are lnstrnmental in bringing r about those periodical flnanclat crises, e To follow the writer a little father in his eona mentary. He says, in speaking of the use of this currency in enabling the planter to sell his cotton, a "yon take, say 50 bales Of cotton to market, say o Chester, one of the cotton buyers purchases your a cotton, the ?ank loans him the money, and he a pays y?o- He pays interest to the Bank?yon n pay none." How I freely acknowledge my entire t- want of capacity, to comprehend what he means s by the words "yon pay none," and Iallode.to d them, not because they involve a great politieal e problem, the solution of which may enlighten and h benefit mankind generally; but simply to direct it attention to the ridiculous excess in which a tealir ons devotee will unconsciously indulge when laudn ing the object of his admiration. Does he mean it that the Banks confer peculiar and unmerited i- favors upon us by not exacting interest on the it money for which we have sold our cotton ? b it i* true that we are indebted to the condescending a grace of these beneficent institutions, that we are t- permitted to hold or use our money for wbieh we T have sold our cotton or oorn, without being rt> r- quired to pay them interest thereon for all time to le come? Were it not most uncharitable to conclude .e that the writer would pen words on this grave ie question, by which he meant nothingthai ig "charity which thinketh no evil" might say, thai & he indeed did mean nothing, but that, "he ought st not so to have written." Again, he advaocea an of opinion which stands in glaring Inconsistency te with the general tenor of his dissertation upoti sf the .benefit of Banks to the country. After urging )f their absolute necessity and great eonmbnoe to st the public, declaring their sole inetromeutality tn u providing the means for the purchase of our eot3* ton, and deprecating certain rumors, charging mis i- conduct upon th? Books !n the management of b- their agencies in. the West, be ooncludes'? pnrni i- graph by saying, '.the great mistake was in oharir tering eo many Banks." Why a mistake to charter " so many Banks, which alone, can afford themeana ;r of purchasing our crops; and are an indispeasat, ble public necessity ? Why a mistake to charter is so many of these benign institution#, -whole ethe? d real tenderness, and most gracious forbearanee, j suffer us worthless mortals, who may owe not a i- farthing in the world, to bold our money, horses i- and negroes, without requiring us to pay them 6 n per cent, annually ? The wonder is, the writer 1- did not attain a more logical dedaotion, and ?on e elude that the great mistake was, in ohsrteringtoo ie few Banks I y But is the assertion true, that tha Banks, alone, d cau afford the means of selling our cotton at remnr nerative prices ? When we hear our talented Sena* y tor in Congress (Mr. Hammond) announoe the starin tling proposition that the South has lost $30,000,3 000 oqthe last orop, by the defalcations of Banks; ie we are told, by their apologists, that they have no ig agency in depressing the prices of eotton?that it foreign markets control the prices. Then egnin, ;r as in the case before us, we are told that the ig Banks entirely control the market 1 It scarcely ir admits of a doubt, that were it not for the Banks i- or their minions?who are furnished by them With to the means?intercepting a direct trade between is the cotton producers and the manufacturers, cat it the Liverpool and Havre buyers, our cotton would i- command a higher and more uniform price. The i- operation between the South and European marit kets would be very simple. The planter would Is sell to the manufacturer for a fair price, the Same is being always regulated by the honest law of sopin ply and demand; the market would be free from e these alternate depressions and excitements wtnch, :e to the great detrimentof the honest planter, arum* te perinduced by the manoeuvring and trickery ot r- sharpers and speculators. True, it is inpraotien* h ble for the planter, in person to sell to the nwmi* fac tnrer, bat, which amounts to the same result, bis h factor or commismission merchant, coold sell to the 0 agent of the manofaotarer; for why is it impracd* ) cable for the manufacturer to purchase, through bis agent or otherwise, directly from the Southern mar* 1 kets, that artiole, witbout-which, his costly macbiMe ry must be stopped, his capital dissipated, and hit f ruin rendered inevitable; and more than all, why a * jf'* * e can no means be devised to bny directly from Soui them ports, that which is necessary to afford em* - ployment of millions of European capital, and d upon which countless hosts of human beings are h dependent for daily employment and their daily bread T It was repeatedly asserted on the floor d of the House of Representatives daring the Bank It discussion, and not successfully contradicted, that i, the gold and silver had then been deposited in the 8 hands of agents at Charleston, by English menuv facturers or buyers, for. the purpose of purchasing 'f cotton; and why should it not be true, when we s remember that the Banks Jhad refused, for the d time, to furnish the means of buying,, which nec0 essarily out off the necessary supplies from the d foreign machines; and the foreign purchaser wss 1 -then compelled to make the effort to bay directly - for himself. Direct trade between the producer f and consumer would necessarily obtain,' bdt for e the monopoly of home speculators aqd Yankees, acquired and held by the aid of {he Banks. It ia i to the interest of the Banks ia this State, that this t trade should be diverted from its natural channel 1 and made to pass through the hands of the Yen* kees; as in doing so, it furnishes them with the - best means of exchange on Northern cities, and 1 enables them to realize large profits from this 1 most lucrative branch of their business, that is, !> dealing in Exchange! Liverpool and Havre are r the principal cotton markets of the world, to - which it mast ultimately find its way; and it is 5 idle to pretend that cotton must pass through the r hands of a dozen speculators before shipped to J the foreign markets, in order that the planter maj > realize a (lair, price. It it were sold directly, as r it should be, to the trans-atlantie merchant, the f plaster would sure a large per cent, which now, - by a sinuous course of trade is taken from him, to - enrich the indefatigable Yankee. I bare thus noticed some of the opinions advanced in the article alluded to on the subject of banking; and hare endeavored to expose the errors and fallacies of certain assertions and prop*, ositions announced by the writer, in order to guard honest men, * ) are "not familiar with the operations of -banking," against being misled by their seeming plausibility. I will not attempt to pursue him further in his tortuons rambles npon this intricate scienoe,. of which those opposed to the present corrupt system of banking, as the writer intimates very broadly, are so very ignorant; taking occasion to remark, that some of its advocates contribute the highest evidence, that they too, are amenable to the same oharge. If ignorance on the part of the opponents of the present corruptions and abuses of the Banks, constitute an argument in their favor, with equal or a till greater force does the Ignorance of their advocates address itself ee an argument against these institutions; for ignaranoe of the operation and effects of any political measure, is the best reason for rejecting it?neve* for'adopting it. To consider now the notion of the last legisla* tore. I suppose there is intelligence enough in York Distriet to peredve by this time, notwithstanding the ignorance imputed to their opponents by the frienda of the JBeaka, with so much self>| comphusaat nW^Uat the law enacted, euspcu