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- -- --- ---- ~- --- - - - - -. - - . - - - ~ n n n n a n Despeorts, Williams & Co., Proprietors.J A Family Paper, Devoted to Science, Art, Inquiry, Industry and Literature. [Term--$3.OO per Annum, I Advance VOL 11.] -WINNSBORG, S. C., WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 1, 1867. [NO.12 THE -MFAIRFIELD HERALD 18 PUIs31,lIn) E1.:L:KIy BY Te'rm.. -''l l a 1 AM) is puJb I l l VedW ek ly in tihe Town or Winit nA, a G;l.00 in Uareab/ly in adance. Z"'Y- All transient advrtisemieits to bg paid in advance. Obituary Notices and Tributes $1.00 pet square. Selected Poetry. SWORD AND PLOUGH. F1OM TUE GERMAN OF WOLFGANG MULLER. There once was a count, so I've heard it said Who felt that his end grow near; Andi he nalled his sois bforn his bed, To part thom his goods and gear. Ho call'd for his plough, Io called for his sword, That. gallant, good and bravt -; They brought him bto th at. their fathe0C word And thus ho his blessing gavo:. "My first-born son, my pride and might, Do thou my sword retain ; My castle on the lordly height And ill my broad domain." "On thee, my well loved younger boy My plough I here bestow, A peaceful life shalt tliou enjoy in the quiet vol. below." Contented sank the sire lo rest; Now all was given away The sons heldl true his last behest, E'en to their dying day. 'Now toll us what caio of the steel of flamo, Of the castle and its knight; And tell us what came of the vale so tame, And the humble peasant wight.." o ask not of :e what. the end may be Ask of the country rouid I The castle is dust, I lie sword is rust, Tihe height is but desert. ground Bit, the vale spreads wide, in the golden pride One ol' the Autumn sunlight now It teeis and it ripens far and wide, And tho honor abides with the plough ! SWritn a for Me Fuh:1ield Herald.] On the Situation-A True Bill. Q. What isa State? A. The State is a community of people who have the power and the right of self government. Q. What is a Confoloracy ? A. A Confederacy is a union of States. Q. Are the States composing our Confede racy sovereign. A. Yes. The thirteen States, which first formed tho Confederacy of the United States, were noknowledged to bo sovereign al indopondont t Zhes, by Creat. Britain when the colonies gained thI eir indepeldence. Ard all lie States which have subscquett. ly boon admittel into the Utnion are iove , reign and Independent. Q. Whero then in our political organia tion does the sovereign power rest.? A. In the States. They are the supren power in our system. Q. Jow can this be when the Constitution of the mnion and the laws passed in pursu ance thereof, are called the supremo laws of the land 2 A. Because the States created the Federal Government, and give it all. Q. What .therefore, are the naturo of these powers and how are they to be con strued andl for whose benefit, used ? A. They are to be used solely fog the benefit of the States, they are to be constru ed strictly, and are not sovereign, but strictly delegrated powers. Q. Is the Federal Glovernment, then sov. ereign I A. No. a t only represents sovereignty andl is simply the agent of the States andl nothing mo10o. Q. llas the Foderal Government the Con. stitutional power to coerce a State, that is, to force a Stateo to submit to unconstitution al laws? A. By no means, because all unconstit. tional laws are null and void-and such power would Ignore State sovereIgnt~y and destroy Alhe Union. Q. What is the dIll'orence between State powers and Federal powers? A. There ar~o no0 limitations to tbb powers of the States, except so far as they have grantedl certain subjects toe the legislation of Congress and a few prohibitions imposed In the Stateo and Federal Constitution. Q. Why and on what, principle are the F ~Jpowers lihiited ? . l'hey are limited, because they are only ent rustedi t o legislat e on a few: objects of general interest -and are to bo e.onstrn ed sI rictliy, bccause they wore all granhted by the States'to the Foederal G.1overnmt, upon the p~lainl principle that when we give one thIng, we hold back all other things, not givcn--cnumeraio umnus, exclutsio alteri. Q. What pelitical agents constitute the Federal Government ? A. Theq Presidoet the Congress and the Judiciary. Q. Who make the Federal laws ? A, Congress and thq President, but the Judiciary (on a ease eomirig up) have the 9 power to pass upon their constItutionality, ixpoun d andI apply them. Q. Are each of those funotionaios, id pendent of the others I A. They are coordinate and Independent of eael ethber. Q, I ow now I Do you uindorsauad thei eonstitution and the rights of war ? A. I think I do, I certainly understood themn at one time, for I am old and have forgotteon more than I know, at present., Q. Did you over 1knpw the Congress t< muzvzlo the Jtdliolary ? A. No, unless they have done so in on of the supplomtontary mill 'nfe hills Q.- Arothilate milltarfilaiws, so-called, andl the acts supplementary thereto consti, tutional ? - A. 'Lo President says they are off, bul Congress earried them over his veto. Q. Does the Judiciary haie any jurirdie. (ion over cases arising under them? A. They are foreclosed as to jurisdictiot in eases arising under these miiiiary bills Q. What prevents, does the constiitutiot or (lie usuatl powCrs 11nd pIract ice ot' (11 couts-, prevent, their supervision and adju dient(ion ol' such cases ? A. Not at all,-but. I umlerstand one o: these .; IIII III elary lills, .has shlut th dr' a'n I thesi, i:;nring and set in under i em and bare 1n i !,'alkm et o a milliary court, wloso decision is to be f finally. Q. Is this constitulional ? A. The President says not, but Congress passed thlie bill over his leail, and say all wits done according to the forms of the Con. stituitionl. Q. Will the Judges submit, and surrender so much of their power to Congress I A. I supposo not, as they are coordinatf o functionaries of the Government, they will hardly allow the Legislature to disfranuchist Iliem.. . Q. Do you iniderstand by what authority we are so closely invcsted by the 'nilitary power ? A. By the war power, or rather by the military bill and two Supplemonts, Q. Are we then at war? A., Not that I recolleot, I know of'no war at present. Q. 'Tihe Conderleate States, so-called, and le Federal ( overninut were at war, when dil it end ? A. The war ended. wlien Gleneral Leo s9urarenlldered to Gen. Grant, sontto where in Virgini , and sone people t hotight peace was male, when the President is.med his Ioclannui ion, (It the war was ended and peace made. Q. In case of war, what rights accrue to the viet or'ous nation ? A, The thing or matters which brought on [he war-and demand Itiado during the continuance of the war-llo peidlate. Q. What theni were in disputo between the North and the South, and what incilen. tat claim thrown in or set up by the North ? A. The integrity of the Union, and inci. dentally the abolition of slavery. Q. Did the Sout h concede tiheso points ? A. Wo think so fully and entirely, when they repealed the ordinances of secession abolished A frican shivery, and so renewed their State Constitut ions as to make them conform to th e ritiirlments Of tie President of I he United States. 1'. l)id Ihe President, Oil tlesc conditions promlise the 'ouNt h1 prmJi1tpt recoisi tictioll ? A. I klelertool he lid. Q. Did Ieaut horiz.e the Southern ttates, to elect ad send on representativus to Cmn grcss ? A. Yes, the State of South Carolina and I think other States, elected and sent on Delegates to Congress, and hoped and con sidered itself as much in the Union, as any other State, and certainly wcie as much in as California, which was admitted into Qije Union by the saie process, the proclama. Iion of P'residient Taylor. And it seems to me that tihe Southern States are, or ought to be ill the Union, and as much entitled to take p'art in tle deliberation of Congress as any other State, especially Californis. Q. Who prevented the Southern Repre. sentatives from I nkimIg their seats, thuis dis appoint ing the anxious hopes of the whole South? A. The Radical Congress. Q. Did Congress claim the right to refuse eats to our lepre-ontniiivos, under lie powir to decide on tIe validity of Clections, Or tli(ler' th.- war, power cla ii to impose furth er conditions on the Su I? A. 1 thinlki under bothi tso pretcnes. Q. What tlen is tin 'ower 4if C(X;ngLCs inour elect ion of' iimlis to I hat body. A. Simply to enquire and decide whether metbers to that body, have been elected fairly and accordingly to law. Q. Were there any chjqotions on this ground? A. Nono, at most, I never heard of any. Q. Did then the right of war, or conquest., confer the power to reject, outr Representa lives ? A. I think not, but if so, thore was Iben no war, as peace had been concluded be. tween the two beligerents, for some time, And tle President had treated with the States for their adlmission late the union. Q. What then are the rights of war? A. Savages claim the right. to ravage and devastato conquered countries, the powok of' life and (leath1 over prisonkers of war, and either kill or enslave them. Barbarians burn andl p~luindok, but most ly spare thle lives of women and childr'en, sonme Iitiws t hen appropriate thlo enemies laws to their own use, as,did Willikam the coingnier. or, when he conquered Enagland, and often set Le amongst the natives of the coftquered country, as did his followers. Q. Well then, in what, do the rights of civilized warfare Consist ? iA The~ rights, recognized by civilize d nalionsas ologin tothevietors are, sim-. ply 'to ask and get, what, they fought, for, and other reasonable demands t~hrowvn in or mado during the war, as we htavo'aaid be fore. Q. How should the army of a eivilized and christian people eonduct themselves when marching through an enemies' terri tory ? A. They are bound by the laws ofrnat ions to avoidi robbing and plundering pivate pr'operty, not. to burn dwelling houses wvhet her inhabited or ntot, to protect, women and children, tand not to molest non-combat ants. They ma~y captur'e and dlestroy pub, lie prlopherty, andh tihe enemies facilities for carrkyiitg on the war. Q. I thIinik you ar'o right, bit do nat ions whio call theemselves civilized, always con. (det t hoemselves in this way ? 4 A. Not always, I have known thema to bun cit ies and dIwellinig honos, rob, . phinu der and lay waste, hang upnon-conmbatants, tonmke th,nm tell wherif thiri gold antd sil ver were concealed, take all imanner of clothing and jed clothing, quilts, rags, blankceis, break into Itadics' wardroes and beauro's, take out and cari'y off (dresses ahmd jewelry--plunder amet, housos-ornm cribs, and f'odtder houtsos-oxterminatle poulty, and eat utp, and drhkk up, every thing, greon, wet, or dry. Q. lit as w'e have digressed from the subject, somewhat, let us come now to the point-why did( clongros's refuse (o let our 1 toprosentativos take theoir seats, and post. Pono' the reoonstruetionof the Union, when We wero anx~ods and .ready . to reconstruct and fix up'miattsil ndthings? A. Tl ey alleoe that w9me oo'-ehels andl had raised a blg tilse, and-theorefor'e had not been *utiloiently punishedifor said rebellion nsor worui (4to SotiJh:ant~elently joy al, to be relied,ona, as memnbera ofs the hUhion, .and thorefore-ath'ibed d~lalipd hipdasfathab conditions, -' o ' ) a k., Q. What, therefore, do you think' h< South had better do under present oiroum, stances? A. 1. do not kniow. buit wll titate nao'u I and respond to your question when I sleol on it. Wo have studed the situation s1 long and to no purpose, it remtinds 110 of ( gwod old methodist clas leader, going (4 Qutartorly meeting, a good Ways fromt home ho very unexpectedly ci ouitered forks it the road, ho pulled ol1 tu4l holding his ha ho0rizontally iu his right hand, but toni up while lie luieditated and. praycd for ligih aId di: rectit on so doubt a1 and frave r qjui ; iue 4, i r'kin clon'i pI.e o e el n .11 till(, his ltt vii th- waer ; but siil hai-1 not decid ed Vichli road tot t. Q. Vhatd do you tinik of thie cou th Ilidiical Congres have tta ken in rlat ion t< the outh and reconstruoction ? A. To compare small things to great it i. soiiewait similar to the cqonduct of one ol my neighbor's to whom I once sold a cow and cal'. I sold a cheap bargain and my neighbor scented much saltisfied and said li had paid a good price for the cow, thought upon the whole, ho had payedrather toc mutch, and said he, althiough, a bargain is n bargain, I would be much obliged to yoli, to throw in a busliel of seed wheat, which I need at this time, 1 lot him have the wheat, but. presently he spied a pile of Afrioan potatoes lying in the corner, and asked for t hien also, I did not. refuse and lie took the whole pile, largo and small. Q. Have you thought, seriously on the situation ot the South as you promised the other day when we had our last, talk ? A. I have houglt. oil it, and slept on it, an I have coin11 to tle conchisioii that it, wou~l- h"'oan for th1, l"mb0 to remlainl l. the i, ti 0 :. to . i:it t lie Uni t uider Irlvisior; U, I he . iltary bill, (Ito two stlp plelients, ail itie prollied aniic'iniment, o jthe Fe leral (Geouni 1tt1ion. Q. Wogid vott then Iadvise the people of omh Carolitia to vote no Coivenition 7 A. I would. It is Itho advice of la-Gov ernor Perry, the first man in the whole oi0mh to expoe tle sultilt ion of hi.i country and to interpose betivixt fihe alta' of* our sacrifices and tle temple of our liberties, and for his able an- trithftil exposition, deserves th gratinide of the whole South, and particularly of South Carolina. Q. Have you seen Mr. llill's -views on lie Sitintion ? A. I have, and also 'Mr. Johnson's of the sitik t iie, their remarks on the situat ion are so able, so lucid. and so pointedly plain, they canot fail to inistriuct. lite public inld, aunt nout r'rod'ice a tremlieidous efect 11pon the peoie of Georgia, and will receive the tli~imis of his one :1tate. Q. 1y 1 ham w ere hosO mnilit a'y hills l l an1 whric they vetee..i by the Prei .\. They were pas. l by a !.rietly lladi cal atl p.rl,y vote 1i.1l 1 believe vere all vetoed by 'retideintt Jolh non. Q. I anm a novice, in politics, and woul Ie uttch obliged to you to inform te how this Ilack Jepublican, Radical party got their name, amid vIto ar they Y A. 1. have reason to believe they are thc old Federal party, as I heir political printci. pies so exactly coiniide, tind I think they woro called Black lepublicans, because they were friendly to the negro, and advo, cated the abolition of African slavery. Q. Bhit you did 8 oit, explain how they come to be c;Itld ladicals ? A. 1:"ippoe they were called Raidicals bccoiise they advocate alhigher law, ignore the ton.i itiion, and root up itand root, out 0l1 safegiaird is to freedom,which our atcs foils have thrown arouid ou rights and li. bert ies Q. Ai ! You in te refer to what. fihey I'v rvte d up anid roiled out. in lie Mtilita ly anId dulmntrlillaj socle A. I rar k I-> hei poI. pin. 1pciles, geneLraly but lurticul:smly to the principleS an.1 poilley of t hosue bills. Q. I have heard of those bill, tell ie what. hey havo rooted out ? A. I refer you to tle Presidentas first veto melssageo, (I have not seen the last one,) an to ;he face of the bills tihemsolves, in which tiey deiy to citizens of the South, (lie right of Iria! by jury of theirpeers nemo siwjudictir, nisi, paurribus, aid held by the great chartor, our bill of rights and all American constiutions, to le indefeasable. The right of habeas corpins is taken away from oir people, and deiied to persons acOused of orino,-Military courts eslab lishedt andi antihorizedl to try otffenders Iagainist t hero bills--no warr'ant-no grandl juriiy to ver'ify the indictment-no jur'y to Itry the case--the verdiel, of (lie Military cour't to be Iinal, and therefore no appeal all in violation of all the priniciples hiitherto -held sacred by (lie Ameican people. Q. W hat mor'e ! Or arc these all the pains (hey have intlicted on these rebellious Stuatest? A. No these arc not. all,-theseo bills dis franchise all thle eit ige.ns ,tf the SouthI, who haltve hieretotoire held otlico either on (lie Blench or in the Legislature-thtey can nei Ithter vole noer hold oflice. Q. Are these to humble te South, to make her willing to beg her wiay back into the old Uclion ? A. I Suipposo so, 1 oani sCo no othier mlo. tive for iinflicliing such penalties on thie peopile of the South. Q, It. appears to me we are tied hand' foot. I how shtall we get loose ? - A. The Radical Congtress have pointed us out, a way in those Military hills. Q. Alh I Whatis that? A. To go ini convetloni of thie people, to remodel the State Constitution andl ag~ro to (lhe proposedl amnendmnut to (lie Fecderal ConstIt ion, send the draft. of the reformed State Chonstituition on to Congress tor' ap. piroval, atmt if approved, the lRadical CIon. gress will thcen let us it, upon conidition, we will a;ee to )send~ tidhe but loyal mina t~o repr'es'ent us int CongusB. - 4. Wihat is (lhe leading pinctiiplo -in (lie proposced amencdmtent,? A, Universal sull'r'age of over'y ano and ininocent. citizoni, agedl Iwetnty-ono yoars wvil h a ce'tamin term of residenec, anti this amendment of the Conmstit.utjoon if adopted, will engraft, thtese principles on it, and fore elose (lie rights and powers of thie States on this subject. IQ. What are the tetudeney of all thoso Radical meastures and Radieal pincl A. Manifestly to thue dlestruetioni of 'ibor (y, and to (lie. contsolidation of thme Slates lnto onte nation, and reduce thtem'(o pro. vinces .or Feder'al Dlisticts, and If not ass. rested by the good people of. Amerioa wil end ini a permnanient despot ismi, just, such a~s is now pressing down tho rights of the Soulth. Q. How is a Convention to lie called? A. A Conventi must 1be called by a v~oe of the~ people, othtetwiso it, is no Confonton andt if we vote a conavention it, 'wijI be .taken n thme free clytoico .of the people, and ~fi in Convention, ag'e~ to' reconshtget pn' tht fP'rielples 1>t the Military bili,'re end drae the principles and measures of the Radical party and ignore the rights of the citizen at well as thte powers and irights of (lie States. Wo do more, we' poke our heads Into th< tiet, voluntarily, and place with tbeir own alinds tho ltidical OkO on ouil' OwnI liecks. Q. Wotild wo gain anyting to reconstuct under the Military 1ill? A. No, we coild gain not hin1g, for till is fixed up beforehand, and after all we could uit 1ol seats in Congrcss, 1uless we scud thea loyial radical represenit at ionl. No, lot us .(:ay as we are in preference: the tilitary Iile i more t1oleralb'l, al iied a, fir :1 1 knlow, with prha 'e } ex Ii, it h Mili tary Goverior L.. - nlywlun h f-7r atd has ruled 1. i lenlity, anl b n-iity, so f't1 as.(he ttir, of Ia POW . And th princiloe he li t> i carry out Yott then advise 1no conven'ion, refuse to recoisitract . under tihe provi-ions of the militarybills, and reject. iho utnendment to (lie Conistittit fonl of the United Stat es? A. I would not reconstruct now, unleps we canl get moro favorable terns, but. I would reconstruct to.morrow on lie condi I ions hot etofore offered by the President, autdl to which we have already agreed. Q. What, then do you propose to gain by staying out of (lie Union, now ? A. Time, whileh is something, and if we refuse now to recontruct it niy prevent the political power passing to ilo hands of the Freedmen, and 'hatever policy will prevent this we ought to adopt. Q. What do you mean by the political power 7 A. I mean the Legislative, Executive and Jud1ic.il-ini Other words the lIwer to -tile ile people, and govern tle Slat o. Q. Al! that wottl be bad enough, fell im", thetn whal wurtdd be their iu i - V and whant tmitres they would be most likely to C,-ry out ? A. ~the condition of thing-s i.t -JVlTen e mi:;ht answer your question : 'tt I will bje more particular ; the plat form laid down by (lie negro Radical convenition, rcettly in Coluimbill, will illustrate their policy and point out thoir incasures. q I have heard of such a Couvention, bit neither takenl'or read the newA, aid wolI be mihl obliged to you to point out. what were their measires amd policy ? A. I will try, (bit. they are of such an out and out character, before I begin, I will swallow a gliss) and first they propose to distranchise a\\ the whiles who look part inl fhe late var or rebellion, so called. 2d. To divide Cit the lands nid apportion theim out to the treedimuent and siuch whites as imay join them inl their crusade, compel (lhe whi es to educate till file coloe"d ch illidri, ntld fectl :1nt clothe ll the old and feeblo ll;d, n'.l tih -nei melrs of the ILe haar to ie iyl tt their paily, 1111 t tax h:ii and prio.erty own0ed by disloyakl citizyens, to c ty lut all thteir ieasurels atnd defray the public expelnso. Q Sir, I am astonislted, aid fear this policy,'but too well corresponds with these military bills, and (te policy of (lie ladical Congress, if I have understond your expla nation on them-what is your opinion, sir? A. God forbid! Notwitlistanding It be (le opinion of some that the Northern peo ple wish to expel the white population from the South, I hope it ia not so. Others with meon0 reason, think they want to ladicalize the peoplo and force them to reconstrte., antdl ecome a State, to get her vote for their cIitlilate for the presidecty, and thlien let tie negro power shift for itelf. I say not, withstatiding all this, I canitot think lie Iladical Congress, the North or any other people, except I Io negro radieals arid nautive while radicals, could be guilty of ,ict lutil deeds, ps I have said were Indicated it the tegro phlrormtn at Columbia. Q. Is it thet your opinionii that if he S't)ate agree to reconstrtct now. untder the provisions of the Military bill, and tle pro. posed aiondniti , it will turnt over ithe State Governinit. into the lind of tie mno groes and the native radical wIhite menl. A. I have Io other expectation, it will follow as sure as et-elt follow cause. Q. Then should the State go into Conven (ion and take measures for reconstruction, and go into the Union now, you are alw most certain we will loose all that. the frieonds of such a course propose or expect to gain by doing so? A. I should say so. The freehmen be lieve it, and the native whiteradicals, hang ing on to the skirts of the tiegro, are al ready reaching out their hands for their share of the spoils and reachinug tip for of fice anid preferment. Q. Where theni is our safety ? .A. if antywhiere, and if I am correct. in moy views of thie situationt, 0our safety mnii festly will be consuiltedi, by waiviiig recon-. struetltinuder those SMilitary bills. No) State-no negro power. No State-no aup pearanien of volutattry subm~iission to Ithe prinlciples of .1the rallicaal party. No State, nio votinag for thie radical candidato for thie P'resldencey-for If the Stal e shld~( go inito the Union, I. will be comnpelled to vote withI that puarty. Now you hiave askedime so many questionst I must beg!.o be relieved. Alas!i for moy counatry. 0, ye people of the Sotith, will you remove all the landmarks of liber ty, overthrow the bulwarks your ancest ors have been raIsing 'up for conturics as sland points for the defence of freedom, withI the torch of oppressIon In one hand anad wvilth reason, justice and. thte light, of experience in the other, pointing out (lie just prinol pIes of governmott,, and civil, political anad religiouts liberty.* -B. B3. COOK. * Let It be understood that. South Caro lna, and I tink all the Sotthi, are anxlous to ree'onstruct. As I said before, they would do so t o-morrow, on the conditions offered-a~nd proposedl by P'rcsident Johnuson. Tiheo Southl would agree to give the negro a quatlifled veto, based upon pr'operly to 1)0 taxabile; and would guarantee to that race all theo rights and privileges ((iey are fit for, anid help to civilize and chtrislianize Ithemt or atny other thing rtght, anti safe wa would agree to. Let, us therefore, in the plan of the negro conveintiou, havo a conmision of Soulthern men, tand a legatin to represent the Untion, to agree uponi terms and have (lisa vexed q-uestloti settled at, once. The Stale of Sout h Caaolhda so as to conform to thte stipultions of the PresIdent, (and I 'thhtik tall thie States Southt hntve done so) lins remaodoled hoi. constitution, and now wjit hinders the recnstrntiton of the Utnn Let, the Sothern States back Into teUfdpn ris eqoMi to the co-Sttatos, anal not 'as sehne 'inling to bb nursed, fixed up amid set 66t, fori show *ltboumt either spIrIt or poker, - -This we are wvillng aid ready to do; and I thInk It to the'interest and welfare of all the Stiate to lookc thIir thting in the face, and go-prcmpfi*-to1 work to reconstruct (te UnIon.Thes aibtith 'wIll thirow'ho obstacles, la'th'e wayf a just,' fair mind egnal 'reunion, FPow my part, 1 consider the Southl as alroa. dy in lie UnIon, auid should' our a'oprosent a. - tlv6W be aloet teke theft seats In Cone gross, the whole questIon would be settled, antd the whole UnIon reconstructed on a fair andI prmaanent basis. There atobreak-C ? rn ahead; a great military despotismn is looming up, so powerful os to over-ride and over-rule the itates, and so caplaolou as to swallow down ill thoir powers, rigIits and sovereiguly. When Shall We Have Peaco. The irt iiterest of the A merican people. i just ice ; bu'. the second - Iar:d lv 1ess inort int aiiil more1 palpably ur gent--is pe. We n1evied 11o Id' and repair, and restore and replant.. Vast regions, it ely devIIstatd by ciy vil war, still lie waste ; mulitudes of widow. and orphans of the war, in spito of ret urn in g abundance, are thin clad and famishiing There is much capital at the North which should be transplanted to tho Sout, and their invested in draininv swamps civilizing wilds, erecting facto ries, and making all manner of useful wares and fabrics. Something is being done in tho right direction ; but im niensely more awaits the advent of as. sutren pence. How long must that bo still await ed? Had Prosident Johnson called the late Congress directly on his accession to power, and said to it, "Thle rebellion is onded ; t he work of reconstruction should begin at once. I proposo such and such bases ; consider and modi hfy thea m as y'ou shall see lit, all would have been euided CrO thisi:. Tlose who had been rebels were then reedy and amix. ious for reconst.ruetion, and prepared to accept any Icrims that did not tihreaten. their property or their lives. Mr. Johnson did not call Ccongress he devised and promulgated a pro gramme of his own. It had all the faults which are attributed to the plan of Con gress, differing from that only in put ting the Southern blacks, who were mainly loyal, under the feet of the whites, who had ncarly all been reb. elh. If the Southern Statos shall promptly comply with the requirements of Conl. gresr, the work of reconstruction may soon be completed. Tho imachintery is inl 1otion the registratioms reo idly comploted ; every Stlate may h or:a. nized as Congress pre'cribes 1oro th i year closes. But if, on the comt rarv. the South shall reject tih terms of Con gress, we are all it, sea for no onle knows how long. Meantime, military rulo must be maintained at the South at heavy cost, while peace, security and thrift cannot return. The present Con gress holds till March 3, 1 869 ; and no one imagines that it will mean. time abandon the course which it has already marked out. The South may have reconstruction and peace by nc cepting tle terms dictated by Congress it may reject these, and cling to Johnson if it. will ; but, if it should, all must await, in doubt and feud thC issue of the next Presideintial contest. . Who wishes thus to protract a fruit less strife, a pernicione untert iiy ? What is to be gained thereby, and who will gain it? If the Sout.h sliould now refuse to reconstruct, her Slates as Congress has prescribed, she cannot think so badly as she has talked of military despotism. She will virtually siy that her position is qito tolerable, when contrasted with a form of self-government which recoq nizes and treats blacks as men. To re ject the terms of Congress, would be to defy that body to do its worst. Lot us have pence-not some time nor perhaps-btit surely and soon. In dustry and btsiness are wetary of watit in, wqile politicians play ou't their little game. Let us .have none other thani a real pleace, but let us have this attroly.aiidl soon. [New York Tr'laune. 1SOPE TI ES PitEFEt AIn.E Tro I RON. The Newv York E'ovning Post, of Thmurs day last, contains the following, which will be of interest to our readers: Many of the papors ini the Cotton States adviso the planters and Cotton yards to usa an iron tie, instead of the old fashioned ropa one. They claim that iron bands havo miany advantagos, such as increased strength, powver of on durance, and allowance for much greater compression, speed1 and facility of ad justment and neatness of appearance;i and the result is that that thoso iron hoops have boon used to a considerable extomnt in same sections for binding the Crop). But the acknowledged advanta. gas of the ironm tie are, it would appear, :oulnterb~alanced by certaini d isad vanita ges, and the rope bound cotton is miuch preferred in tho Northern markets. So decided, in fact, is thie preferanco for the old plan, that the~ Cotton houses hero advise all their planter friends to discard iront ties in futunre, both for their own interests and those of the trado. The objection, thoy say, against iron bands is, that in caso the bald gets wet, tho tronm leaves a mark of rust on the Cot-. ton, and thme purchaser can demand the so staninedl cotton to bo picked off, thus reqmiritng new ropes or bands to make the cotton~ in doliverahla order; also, tlbat while the old iron bands are alme<,~t worthless to the manuifacturer, the rope is of some value. Therefore, while no tare is allowed on ropp9hound Cot~ton, it, is now the custom to muake a deduction of' two pounds per bale for iron bound staple. Planters Willido well' to remember this. 44 old woman A iod in Mllwaukie the otherf 3ay, whose ~Iisoaso com filodj ey hied thme sk il of' theo physi clans. Upon opening her stomach a number of large crabs, alive and ac Negro Bouds, U. S. District Court, for Westerr District of So-Ii Carolin:, at Gi-cen ville,, A ugust Termi,, 1S7. Thurzday A ugust 22, 1S(67. 'JThroughli the puliteness of Mer, Epi ing and Pringle, we were furnishw wit Ii full proceedings of the Court, up It PriiaV, but through a press of mto we!r'itutahlo te pitjizih it in Ci' Stut dayi i"sue'. We~ mak\ e rem I Immon inl, for thm enving in r.-iln o' ne 1-11 of a tria1 'Ja C.ca of 'ne' r h n : | Thoinas Rt. A ,now, A ssigii(e1, ?' Simpson Bobo. 'This was an a t ion M1 a note given for the purchaseo ofa negr slave sold by Mrs. Wolford to tie de fendant in 1858, and warranted by lie at that titte to be soulild and a slave fo life. Noto for $1000, interest annual ly, due in 1800, was assigned to plain til.a Tiho defence relied upon was a fail ure of consideration in that the negro warranted to be a slavo for life, is stil alive but had been made free. And also upon payment--the debt being so quest.ered by the Government of the Confederate States as the property (. an nIenC lenmy, waa pi d undter coilpil toni of that (overnment while alt w.ai with the Ulitid tat e. I Lou. I. 10. Perry, bq., appa.redA f. the p~aitIY Tho dIeine wa., conducto- by M1or J. 1'. Reed andi Bobo. TLe case wm'a; refeTed to a jury an d( alV aid fu! I argued by lie couneol on both vides. In his charge', the JudgO said, sub stantiially : the amnount is small ; thi< principle of overwhelming ningmttudo. I should gladly havo esaped from t<i consideration of this case. The settle ment of the question, howevor it be settled, will carry (esolation and pover. ty hione to some one. (reat invCt, ments lie in boids and notes given for the purchase money ofnegrcos. In these wolen and children have ataked their till. The question is, who shall bear ti loss? .in my opinion, the h:irdshili mint be t bonx by tliose \Ito) haimd tio nd une to be Owneis. I d Oe no f;! i :t Ow i,,' I' ll (7,11111,1 aIjut and trgilie t !;o burdn'!! the war. 'hat. office ticher blmp : a legislnt-ivo (ribIunail. Abolition 11reu\w out of the war-tho position of tIh Ie Southein States in the war Oltey % against the Government. Negroes wer employed in many of the essential ele metits of the war : th ey created subsist ence for the armies, erected fortifica. tIons, aid, in fact, constituted tho imdis. trial basis of the great conflict. The abolition of slavery tins became a mili tary tecessity ; emnancipation an inovi tablo moral result of the war. These SUtes could not hM recogm izcd ntat il they had iecognized what the war had effected. 1. wa comtr.tt for the UIni e State to deal with slave. ]ist at 'th any other pmon,,.al property.v. Th owmo 11ms sullerI. Who sulleral when ale: or horses were t:1kenl ? Ort exton r. or lifted, or ships capt ured at sea? W h but, tle owner of nuch property B ilt the lavs of property, regulating the ro* lationship of debtor and preditor, inl the matter of the imiles, ships or cotton were not cancelled. Tit debtors wore not released. Their obligations remain in force at this day. Tile sellor never inadc a guaran tee against tho action of war. Take the case of land. A. owns a faC simple. Iho sells and convoys thte titlt le got, placitng the purchaser in the pos. sessqion of all then mtcidents of ownershiip with which he himsewlf had been invest. ccd. If tihe Stato in the exercise of its right of eiinent td(omnin shiotuld take the fee for puibhto uses. the( seller makes noi giutratete agaitnst the State ;he is not liable for nets of the Statro or against coiscation of the Uniiited Stastes. I n this cae, the ground of defense, fa ilutre of coisideration, does not thero fore a p paar to lhe nade out ; the wvarratty wasi ini every viewv good at the time it war given, its subsequent, failutre was diue h0 causes which tlio seller of the negro wvas in no wviso responsiblo. The other ground of defense, payment by compulsion undotr the Sequestration Law of the Cotnfedorato Government, is equally untenable. That Govern.. mont never had a legal existotico, andI payment of the debt under its regulation was therefore void. Undeor these insitrutctionis ihe jury re. tired, and soon retitued with the follow intg verdict: "Wo findl for the plaint ii sixteen hundred and fifty one dlollars and firio cen ts,"' the full amount wit h inter est. GucN OANuY,-Tihe New York Jour, nul of Comrrco has the following para, graph in relation to General Caniby, in ain articlo upon0 tho recent changes o1 district commanders:t "The appointment of Gen. Catiby it' his (Sicles')place appears to be juidi, clous. Hto is an oficor of' distinction, bravo, firm. and said to be discreet anc prtadent. Duiring the. early part, of th<1 war, ho was stationed WVest of the Mis, sismippi, and his operations were but lhttle known horo. Our citizens bad an opportunitLy to become acquainted iith himi in 180, during the riot times, when lie was placed ini. command of this city, and were favorably mipressed with his abilities, espeehlly' his coolness anud judgmlent. Forom - this point, he wats ordered to the. Departmetnt of the Guilf, wiv.re, as f~tr as we.. know, hio-gaveg gen. bral satisfaction to all parties arnd pAtyplfl by his steoady, strong, jist administra tion of affairs. Rlecently', he has been ou duty at Washington. Ie is a thor ough-gai Union man, as much so as Dan. Sickles, bitt has not the political, ambition, whicb explainsg, wO thinlk more satisfactorily tnu an v othe hy pothesis, th(, aberrations of all tho ob jectionaible Southe.m commanders-. Theliy vteem to be thinking) al! the time abot Congres~s ainl tho Northern people, rather tiln about the business inl hand. We trust that ("enl. CaobIv will vinldicatto I e witlm of t hoPro.idit's clici0e, il , (.4 of the wvorl, by hisi Strict col. i to te no: andI w(!I phlrasel or der : hat lhe i4hl:l, vhen neesary ) a faihful execttiol of the laws, exer ciso aIny anId all Iowmeri cotferred by Aetcl of Coigress upon district com. natders, atnd any and all antithority per. tiling to officers ii command of milita. ry departments.' To tho Publio. The following correspondenco will ex plain itself: Nwni.:nuy, C. II., S. C., September 2d, 1867. T, the EVt"Ir <f' the Hebrylerald: Stu--1I call yoi attention to an ar tile tinder the Editorial head of your paper of I the 2 1 st of August, ltiio, inl which I am grievouly' defliamed. The articlo to Which I call youtr at teni"1on, F r is to WV. J. AnInlstmu41g ats w a mva;li, butl Alr. Armsltrone~ muti.t d .en 'himi i.;el'. It. is myl, dity t to d n Ililmysef I have colinw here for that, purpose, am1ongst other tingki 11i; article, you said, "truo to Iheir pro clivities, they (meaning Mr. Armstrong and inyself) aipproacheil from thu rear, emno in at, the back door, and without knockinig or warning of approach ; awl after discharging tiheir filthy reptile spawn--:lipped oil ts they camo liko thioes in the night, never once show. ing their faces in Town or giving any one an opiport unity of answering or rebui'ting their ildschoods." The closinc, sentenco of this libellons ing is as follows "Theo whole talk, We are infor-tm)'d vas a tissue of false * *ti, 'vi--nperaiim tnd incendiary ad. we rejoioc at not having I mai no false tatement--I ittred no vii pejr'ioln-nor (id I1 give any io--'(d*iOUr', ('Ilvice. 1 did 110t, como ill at the back door. I discharged n1o ftlhiy, reptile spawn. I did not slip off liko a thief in tho night I -amc in broad dayight ; I used no unibecoming epithets, but, spoko with a tender regard for the feolings of'all pres entf, whether concurring w ith mu < dilferhig from me inl sentiment. What then, I fuel I have a right to de-mail of you1it on my Cown behalf, is 1, full and complete retraiction of the lhel, il I lhe next Li.e of your paper. My friend. Capt. James D. Tradowell will hand you this noto. The answer to vhIich, I 4-:pet to receivo promptly ;t, Mr. Pool's I lotel. Re-j'p: olly, T. J. ROBERTSON. Ni-:wnt::ir, S 0., September, 2d, 1867. 'b . .1. Robertson : Siut-Your note of thi date !ins been 'handed me by Mr. James ). Trade. well. I cannot comply with your demand for "a iLl nd comll rtra tion"' of what you choose to cal! a "libel," in the next/ issue of y'ou1r (my) papor.'' TilOS. It'. O11E N EC ER. Ni;wmnn, S. C., September, 2d, 1867 To Titos. F.' Gr";ecr: Siun--Nothi ng ;liort of a full and com. lte ret ractio'n of your grossly libellous art ele, foundl in y'our issuno of tho 2 1st of Aumgust last, will satisfy mo, and ias y'ou cainiot comly with miy demiland, you shall take the conjeujunees. T.x J. ROBEiuRSON. Wo do not know what theo diro con sequenlIces aro with which wo are throat, ded, as tho "future mnember of Con gross" IefL the town within flye mituites aftor the doliver'y of lia second commui nicatizon.-Nwhecrry HaJ'rald. A diepaitch from Omaha, giving fuirth. or particulars of the fight at, Foi 1hil. Korney a' short time since, says the Indians, rafter two or three attack~s in smallI pa rtes, tied t heir horses to the innher and stripped themselves nake~d andir fonght on foot, su~rronduing th10 cor ral, which was defended with the most determined bravery. Many of' the in. dians1 werep kiileri within thirty paces of the defence. Tihe coolness and skill. lul handling of their breech-loaders ware the only thinjgs which saved the whites from comnpleto destruetion. The fight ragod with intense tfury for two and a, hlf' hours, when the appeahranco of Col. Smith ithl two compamvs of 4ro93sand two howitzers compolled the Indians to retreat. ~* Fifteen thousand 'noii riro. stead ly at work lupon the Pacolio Raiioad lhjl, and the money already excpefmdd 1litd feachm. ed the rouned sum of thittytheeswillion hians have been paid 14y private stock.. hlolderre, ahout twelve '~ullions haen furnished by the tited $gf o ge,'p melit, and the balance bbtr6*f4 ty the comnpany~ Rev. Wim. A . (Ohaliner. fell dead Ift hia pulpit at White River, Ihdiana, a fow Sundlayasinc,,