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' / I J I/ BOME SANITARY ASPECTS OP BBEA1 pjp MAKING DT CTBTT8 HDSON, M. T?., Health Commissioner, Now York City. It is necessary, if ono would under Stand the sanitary aspects of broat making, to folly comprehond the pres out theory held by scientists of germ yumj l/jr vuom 111 U1SOOSO TMb theory of disease germs is merolj the name given to the knowledge bat of those germs by modioal men, a know! edge whioh is the result of innumora Ijft ble exporimonts. Being this, the ok V term of a "theory" has become a mis noiner. A germ of a disease is a plant, * " so small that I do not luiow how to ex V press intelligibly to the general readei ' * * a - * - -? h iv? iaoK 01 size, wnen ttiisgorm is In '* troduced into tho blood or tissues ol the body, its notion appears to be analogous to that which takes plnoe whon yeast is added to dough. It attacks certain elements of tho blood or tissues, and destroys them, at tho same tin "ntrror. cms fount ? vuri , "But tho germs of the greater part ol tho germ diseases, tliat is, of tho infectious and contagious diseases, will develop or increase in number without being in the body of a human being, provided always you give them the proper conditions. These conditions arc to bo found in dough which is boinir vuiu.xl willi v.mut 'PI.,... ...? '?-Mure and ili.i organic the lax payers. . . , t, The democratic party cxprcssta'tUMmi''-, donco in the ability of the lion Calvin H. If nccMrj'wtr,"TlTf^llVnA'i> "iVf'Wiq point that yeast in germ growth, and when introduced into a mixture of glucobo or Htarcli, in tho prosonco of warmth and moisture sets up a fermentation. If the mixture ho a starchy dough tho yeast first changes a portion of tho starch iuto gl ueose and then decomposes the glucose hy changing it into two new substances, viz., carbonic acid gas and alcohol. Now the glutton, which is also a constituent of dough and moist starch, affords, with tho latter, an excellent nidus for the development of germs ol disease as well tvs for the yeast germs. Tho germs of cholera, as of typhoid fever, would, if introduced into dough, find very favorable conditions for thoii growth. I do not wish to "pose" as an alarmist, nor am I willing to say there in very much chance of tho germs of typhus and of cholera reaching flu ^ stomachs of tho people who cat bread which has been raised with yeast. Hut I have not the slightest cause to doubt that othor diseases lmvo liouit innl wil bo earriod about in the Invad. I lmvo mot journoynien bakers, silt" foring from cutaneous diseases, working tlio dough in tho broad trough with linked iianda ami arms. I liavi 110 reason to suppose bakers are loaf liablo to cutaneoua diseases than any ottior men, and I know, uh every housewifo knows, yeast-raised bread must la worked a longtime. Tliia ia an exceedingly objectionable thing from tlu standpoint of a physician for tie reason that tho germs of disease whiel are in the air and dust and on utuir ways and straps in street cars, arc most often collected on the hands. Any person who has ever kneaded dough understands the way in whiel tho dough cleans the hands, Thn means that any germs wliieh may liavi found a lodging plaeo on the hands o tho baker before lie makes up hii batoh of bread are sure to find tlieii way into the dough, and once t here, t? find all tho conditions necessary foi subdivision and growth. This ii equivalent to saying that we must ivl\ 011 licat to kill those germs, because it is almost certain that they will la there. Now, underdone or doitgln bread is a form which every man am Woman has seen It it* a belief as old as the hills thai t udordouo broad is unhealthful. Tliii reputation has boon earned for it b^ the experience of countless genera t'.oiis, and no careful mother will wis! hor children to oat broad that has no! been thoroughly eookod. The tvasni given for this recognized uuhcalthfulhoom has been that the uncooked yeast dough is very ditUeult to digest. N? ono but a physician would be apt t? think of disease germs which have no! been killed during the process of baking as a cause of tlio sickness following the use of uncooked yeast bread. Ye this result from this cause is more thai probable. I have not the sliglitos doubt that could wo trace back soim of the cases of illnces which wo meo '|j^M BREAD wrrrrnTT VKAst?"tt?f MOST PI I I in our practice wo wouM fin 1 th v perms collected by the baker liavfound their way into the yeast bread (that the heat hits not been snlli'Mont t (destroy them, that the uncooked ye i*t ibroad had boon oaten and with it the Ml. 1 %' * ' 9 colonies of germs, thai they ha' foaud their war into the b1?w?i m that tho call for oar services whit followed, has rouudod off this sequon of events. I have already pointed oat that tl germs of diseaeo aro to be found in tl 2 air and dost. Tho longer any sal - stance to bo oaten is exposed to the ai tho greater the that ?? ??r bo deposited on it. Bread raised wi r yeast is worked down or kneaded twi ! before boiag baked and this prooe moy tako anywhere from four boars I ton. It lias, thon, tho ohanoe of oc 1 looting diHoeso germs daring this pr oess of raising and it has two perio , of working down or knoading durii oaoh of which it may gather tho di r containing tho germs from the baker hands. As no broad savo that raise f with yeast, goes through this lou process ol raising and kneading so r i broad save that raised with yeast hi i so good a chance of gathering germi What is uioant by "raising" broa > is worth a ?o;y words. Tho introdiu tiou of tho yeast into tho moist doug i; WAY INTO Till'. YK AST NI{HA?." and tli" addition of In-at when tlio |>ai ia |>ln""d iii-ur Ihn tiro prodiieea ai enormous growth of the yeast fituip tlio yeast "fferni," in other worda Tli mis In n^i elfeet a ilontruetivo fer mentation of a portion of the atarehj matter of the (lour?one of the inos valuable nutrient elements in the flour The fermentation produces earboni< aeid KiiM, an I this, having its origin ii .1 ,.^v little.? r ihe Htarel; j encu lite and Hosea Bright slipped through |iUsh's aside llie purl iel< to n'ive itself room. Thin is what i called "raising; the brea I." It ii a- In Imt a f^laui") to s )e tli it i is, in its e!V?ets on the dou pb pur dj I in I'idei li ie<i I 'I'lui ilon.'li villi. >li vvn before :i clou-grained mass, is uoi full of little holes, and when <*>>? i in this condition hi what wo ordtnaHl mil light. Thin poroit* quality ti bread enable t tli i stomach to ra;>i<llj mi l easily digest it, for tli i gastri ; juices quickly souk into and ntto-'k. i f from all aideri. The fermentation o tli" dough, liowovor, uooe up iv portioi [ of tin imtriout elements of tho loivf , If it ho possible, tli iroforo, L i produo h light poMiis loaf without ttiiu il? utruetion hil l without tho "kneading ; process, which IIIIh tho dough wit i' germs mul tilth, uinl without tho lot' period (luring which the raining p*"~ i cess goim on, tho gain in food mid gain in tho avoidance of tho KuriiMr1 ,i yxi'iiivlinglv plain. 1 L Ihit while wo can easily moo th I dangers which attend the use of yean it in certain that tho vo-ii.minting otV ie produce I l?y it on tho dough is t > tie last degree perfect. It in appir m i that if wo are to substitute any othei i syntoin of I read making wo must hav< i one which u ill give li t, rtmt, in >chanica results equally hi good, that in, tha will pro luce minute bubbles o > carbonic am I ga t throughout the mas of dough. Now it is in n > way difli j cult to pro lu 'o oarhunio a 'id ga i eh 'luically, hut wlion we arc workiui i I at lava I wo must use midi eh miical as arc per feel ly healthful. Fortunate!, i th 'Mr are not hard to find. The evils which attend tho yeast [ made bread are ohvlato I l?y th > use o i a properly ma lo, pure and wholcaom ^ hakiug p >w lor in lieu of veaat. Hah 1, i * i iu1; powaors uro compose i ot mi aei H 1 and mi alkali which, if properly cor binod, should when tli<?y unite at on< ( destroy themselves and produce on bonio acid gas. A good baking pin ( d? r duos its work while the loaf in the ovon, an I having done it, disn j poars. Hut onre in iinporativo in nolootii 1 tin* brand of baking powdor to bo oo I tain that it is composed of noii-injui oils ohoiiiit nlri. 1'aiVilol'H contain i I t nluin or tlione which arc compound' s from iiupuro ingrodien<?, or thoi ' which arc not ooinl>iii"d in proper pr? |?ortiun or carefully mixed and wnio i will leave either an acid or iwn alkali i t, j tho broad, must not bo used, i It is well to souud it note of warniti in this direction or the change froi the objectionable yeast to an imput > baking powder will lie n ease of juiu] > iug from the frying pan into the fir t The I (est. baking powder made in, i allown by analysis, the "Hoyal." t 1 contains absolutely nothing but crow t ; of tnrtnr and sodn, refined to elu n i ieul jmritv, which whoti c?<iuhini'?l uj t ! ilor tho iutluonco o{ h?*?t uiul > V produce ortrhonic itoid giw, end hovij t iluuo tliiij, dioftppt'#r. Its leuvcmi brtwt 01* a'uu cohoeivabet: vtad ok ra so ?- a^h }lt4H b?yn found miperior i other baking powder*, tind an fiu- an \ know, it iw the only powder which w rniao largo broad perfectly. Itn u avoida the long period during whi< the yeont made dough moat at and order that the wtarch may ferment ar ro there fa also no kneading necessary. P id TK? tw? used is >h cream of tartar and sods, aro perfectly oo .harmless, eren when eaten. But they aro oombined in exact compensating tie iwoighta, ao that when chemical action ie (begins between them they practically ^ t?- disappear, tho snbataneo of both havtr,' .iug been taken up to form the carboniii tin More iLee thie, iho ~j bh -proper method of using tho powder oe [insures the most thorough mixing j m -with tho floor. Tho proper quantity bo being taken, it is mixed with the flour co 4- and stirrod around in it. Tho mix- on o- turo is then sifted several times and en ds this insiives that iu every part of tho he ig flour there shall bo a few particles of cii rt the powder. The salt and milk or wu- ho 's tor being added, tho dough is made up th k1 us quickly as possiblo and moulded tr< g into tho loaves. n ( to Thoiio ore placed in tho oven ami is baked. But tho very moment tho sa; i. warmth and moisturo attack the mi*. (M (I turo of oroam of tartar and soda, these I *.1?< 3- two ingredients chemically comhinn He h and carbonic aoid or leavening gas in the ovolvod. Tho consoquonco may bo no noon at a glance, tho broad in rained the eluriug tho timo it is baking in tho cic ovon, aud thin in tho most jiorfoot of olti all coticoivahlo mot hods of raising it. the Here, then, there) is no ohanco for Ch germs of disease) to got inte) tho dough He ami thoncet into the> stomach, moro < than that the) hrcnel is nooossarily ns rap swoot as possible, there) having boon 001 ne) timo during which it couhl sour, tne This involvos tho fact that tho broael lik so maelo will keep longer, us it is loss an< likely to bo ceuituininatoel by thogorms ( HT that a'loot tho seuiring process. J1" It will ho strange) if tho crowds ol J visite?rs to the) World's Fair do not greatly increase) tho numhor e>f con- . tigioiis elis e is'fs, which we will have to [H. treat. Under tlmse) circumstances is it ne?t folly e?f follies te> e>pon a single 'J01 e-hitiii l through which thoso germs in iy reach us? Ih it not the part of wis loin to watch with the greatest care . ' a all th it we) e?at uiiel elrink, and to sco lr!c 11 th it none buttle) safest uiiel best mothe> Is arc ompleiyeel in tie) preparation ^r(.' e)f e?nr feioel? Te) me) it HOOII1S as though there could bo but one answer ; to e|lle)stioUH like) tllCSO. Cfi^ t f have) shown tho danger of using ?*{ th * yeast ruisoel hreael, and with this I i have hIiowii how theit elangor may bo ,( ILV.kiilil.l 'I'll.? mlnnil nf Tll>ilvnnfi/\M dfi i which in thin case in neither difficult li fi?i i'nn hi nun,- una tho boat thing n about it is that it may bo rolioil on al- ; moat absolutely. Thoso who oat broad ,nl I, or biscuits or rolls mailo at homo with VHI Hoyal bukiug powder may bo Buro thoy s h'lvo absolutely stopped ono chanuol ',0 v through which disease may roach th< them. t-h< rl ah< N<>tk. ? Housekeepers desiring informa- jjj, T. Una in regard to the preparation of tho brood f , ' wliloli, for sanitary reasons, I)r. Edaon bo ^ul Y htr i.is'ly urges for general use should write 0 f t,l > 11 ikhig I'owder Company, Now co t V,rK" , In t mi n Franco has 0,455,000 farm owners, hoi who hiro 11,704,000 laborcra. wi 1 oa Simple Itemeilio* Are llcst. "Jlon'l rush to tho drug store an J It buy - a lot of tho fancy lotious and cos- rii I --when you contract your lirst uu I 'burn at the seashore," wan tit .uu in i A irm 11 beautiful woman boi ' I or on ou'hIioS howeil but lingering traces oa ?| keel ?s a glaring rod liens which had yo ^ "liirNa/ d it only the day before. "Ijot no t all thoso perfumed but trashy mixtures lis t alone. Few of them have any virtues; th > many of them are positively injurious hi t to tho skin, and not ono of them is It r bettor than the simple, old-fashioned qt ? remedies that anybody can prepare at la: I home. If the skill is hot, dry and in t smarting with burn, nothing will re- su f lievo it any mors readily than mutton tr H tallow or plain olive oil applied with th the hands and gently rubbed into the in 1 pores. If the skin will stand it give it ( il 111 i 111 lllllSHIl"'tl wltll llll <"lsv IHIU'io'ii iii " -> - ' "I I H rub, tlrst bathing the face in water an lit Y hot as one can stand. There is 110th- bi ing like massage for removing the sore- hi Hess and burning feeling. Don't use wi ^ much tump and beware of tin* fancy fr " brands. They aro> nearly all irritating, he Don't scratch the itching places; rub is gently and be careful that the nails ti< n. don't come in contact with the skin, tu ,0 As soon as you can stand it wash the burned surface in tepid water to which v_ the juice of a lemon has been added. l! jn Lemon juice is a great cleanser, and is, : besides that, a wonderful tonic for the !?1 tlcsh and skin. And, remember this, that wiiiie sunburn is painful and an- " lg .. 1 * _ t lii noying, it is also a great improver of j; complexions. It eliminates hlotchcs and pimples, smooths out rough places j| and clears the way for better skins. it is Dame Nature's way of putting s" new velvet and fresh roses into the ,iU i faces of her children."?Now York , * u?M- - L:. TIio Fnsclimllng fisheries Exhibit* co: In no structure within the Fair grounds is tho outward expression ^'r ^ no syinpathetically rellective of its architectural purpose as in the Fisheries ,uv ^ Building. Itself reflected ill the blno r. lai/oon. in its architeetural functions 1? and sculptural ornament it ui turn refleets the lacustrine lift- of the waters, 'lo which not only almost lave its founda- lir< turn walls but actually pour into its in* l-'11 tenor in fountain ami cascade and gigantic aquaria. As wo follow around thoso groon translucent walls within, lll our passage lit only from the diffused sei light transmitted from above the water, '>c we ean almost fancy ourselves walking on the actual river bed, ogled by fa- 'l(J miliar forms of sun-fish, perch or pickerel; or perhaps wandering as in a dream among fair ocean caves abloom with brilliantsea-anenioues,and 1111 embowered with mimic groves of *MI branching corals and all manner of softly swaying sea weed?graceful crimson laminaria reaching to the snr- Pr face of the water, responding lit serpentine grace to the soft invasion of waving fin. Hare living gems of ^ fishes, very butterflies of the deep, float past Hashing in iridescence with fa .. _ ti:i a, e it. i 1 in L*V<TV mii'itim uii n ui vucir fuunirn bodies. tttar-flsh, at tirst apparently r<> itaticnary, as though in midwatcr, <lido across tlio Illusive piano of glass, 'j* with tlioir thousand fringy disks of * foot. Strange crabs and mollnsks and bivalves sport on the pebbly bottoms, and portentous monsters, with great P t<; gaping months, threaten ns as they J emergo from their nebulous obscurity *11 and steal to within a few inches of our ? faces.?Bcribner. , ah cli in Newfoundland, liko Ireland, has uo id quakes. b'r LEET HOMING PIGEONS hJJXJJLBUi AMTMAJM TKAT 7LT ? VMM to Wbleh They Are Pot? DtllfhtfNl Sport of Great Practftm! Valoe?Method of Training. r ~T UMINO pigeons are frequent1 j spoken of and written about [ 1 M carrier pigeon*, seys tho Cy Chicago Poet. This is not rreot; tho carrier pigeon is now kept ily for show. There is some differice of statement as to who introdueed iming pigeons into America. Frant Wliiteley, of Newark, N. J., who * a very large loft, says that ho was e first to own homing pigeons, and iniduoed them in 1865, when he built joto in Now York. Most printed works on tho subjoct y that John Van Opstai, of Now York ty, had tho first pigeons here, and nt. he introduced them in 1572. >wovor that may lie, it is certain that 9 sport of flying homing pigeons has w reached very large proportions in * United Htates. Most homing fan* r* belong to homing clubs, and the lbs are united in two central bodies, i American Federation of Homing ibs and tho Lieaguo of Ameriean oiling Clubs. >no hundred years ago pigeons wero pilarly employed in England by ninorcial men and others to o?rry usages anil for recoril flying. It in oly that tho old carriers, dragoons I horsemen woro used as message riers then. Pigeons liail bcon so ployed in nil parts of tho world in timo immcmoriid. delgium then, as now, devoted most ention to tho flying pigeons, anil it in that country that tho superb ds onco called flying Antwerps, but x known as homing pigeons, were re loped. L'his wonderful brood has been proboiI by tho fusion of many strains, lading the English dragoon, a Belli pigeon called t. ih smorlo, which in its round head mid oeeosioaal lis was probably of owl parentage ; round-headed, high-flying bird led tho cumulot, tho barb end tors. Tho homing pigeon was brought fo :legreo of perfection sufficient to ve all other biri^ mt fifty years ago. Tho metho 1 o! jcding was of courso to pair tho best rformers regardless of color or type. It follows naturally from such a a adxturo of breeds that there is mueli riatiou of type among tlio homers tho present. Those characteristics, wover, persist in all first-class flyors; o head is broad anil well developed, u wattle is small, tho breast and uulders are deep and broad, and tho ador part of tho bird tapers gracclly. Perhaps tho best perforinuuoo rerdeil by homing pigeons was a flight mi Dux, France, of 5G2 English lcs, at tho rate of Hoventy-two feet a jonil, or nearly twelve hours on tho ng, or 14-17 miles per minute. A rrior could eovor about 150 miles in u niviuu tuuc. Tho use of pigeons as regular carjrs of messages, of course, declined d almost ceased upon tho iutroduc>u of universal postal and tolegraph rvice, but they have fre(pieutly been lied into requisition during later ars when, for ono causo or unothcr, it her mail nor telegraph could bo ed. Most Qovernments, including at of tho United Statos, now keep rds in training for military purposes. has ovffu been proposod in somo larters to keop lofts of birds regurly on tho ships, and it lias boon logincd by those unfamiliar with the bjeot that it would be possible to ain birds to tlnd tho ship to which oy belonged, no matter where it ight bo located. The quality that reudorsthe homing goon valuable as a tlyor is his love of >iuo and woudorful memory. If he ) liberated at any point, no matter nv far removed from his home, ho ill try to find it. Bui if the route om the place of liberation to the >me loft bo ono with which tho bird entirely unacquainted, it is a quesju of chance as to when it will roam. if over. It is for this reason that fanciers bore allowing their birds to make long *hts test them with shorter flights in u same direction from home as the ration of the "tossing" point for the lger journey. It is tho common amice ot pigeon fanciers to lay out use training points in as near an air ir as possible. When a homer is liberated in u auge place it will first rise to a conInriklllx l.ni.rl.t .....1 H" ... ...... >.J ... "...Ull.UjJ <1 rising circles until its keen eye tolies some feature of the landscape lit is familiar. When this occurs the mownrd lliglit begins at once ami is utiuuvd without cessation till homo reached <>r night, storm or hunger ings the bird to the ground. The mer's greatest enemies are the hawks d pot hunters, and it is through . so agencies that mauy birds are ?t. The rules governing the dying of mors for records are simple. Records j kept l?y the Federation of Amerin Homing dubs ?? ! the Tongue of ucricuu Homing Clubs. A bird from lieh a record is desired must wear ton the loft ankle what is known as a [unless baud. They arc furnished ?th by the league and federation upon e application of any fancier, whether i be a member of a club atllliatcd with e central body or not. Up?n the baud are stamped tha rd's number, the year it was hat juiid id the initial of the owner. Too md is slipped over the foot soon a.'* r the shell is shattered and in a fe v iys the foot becomes so largo as to event its removal. From that time the bird is officially lown by its number, which, together th such particulars as tho nam ? of e owner, pedigree?which is kept as refully as that of horses?date of itch, etc., is set down in tho books of cord. When a fancier desires to get a cord for a bird, ho notifies 0110 of o central bodies two weeks in adnoo of tho day of flight, giving his m name, the number of tho bird, tho aco from which tho flight in to be ido and tho distunce to bo covered. 10 bird is taken to the place of toss specified time before tho flight, and possible ft reprosentfttivo of some lb is present when the bird is liber* ed mid t lie time of tossiug is tolo* aphod to the central body. * ? m tm A ? maami ? Wt?w?m w Ul^lil OWM1 imp WttTJ tb? number of the bird and date of flight hM been fastened around the leg which doea not bear the seamless band. Upon the arrival of the bird at home this strap is detached, sent to the nearest telegraph ofttoe, from which a message is dispatched, giving La uiuuuvt vi me oiro and whatever markings the metal bands may bear. ah allowance of six minutes for every mile between the office and the home loit is made, and the messenger i who carries the band to the telegrapher must run or walk. He must not use a street car or a carriage, nor can he ride a bicycle or a horse, and the message must bo signed by the operator. Tho homing pigeon is an interesting j bird. More than any other fancy pigeon he resembles the ordinary 1 ! pigeon. If you desire to establish a 1 | loft of your own, tho initial expense i I need not bo any moro than 850 or $75. i j Yon will go to some reliable fanoier and from him purchase a dozen birds < ! at an expense of $25 or $80. Yon can \ i build a loft that will do very well for ( 825 more, nnd there yon are. | j If yon live whoro you liavo plenty of room the loft can he set in tho book < yard, but if you livo in tho city yon may find it necessary to put it upon tho roof of your house. In fact, somo ^ of the most famous lofts iu America aro perched upon tho flat roofs of citj houses. I If any of tho birds yon liavo bonglit 1 aro old ones you will And it necessary to keep them In closo confinement all * their lives, for onco liberated they will surely seek their own home nnd bo lost * to you forever, or until tho former owners roturu them to you. The ] homer is not a very mild bird. Iu 1 fact, he is pugnacious, and can be < caught only by its owner iu tho loft or 1 by the aid of a specially contrived net. v | The essential features of a loft are 4 plenty of room, cleanliness, shelves for nesting, a bathing place furnished with ; running water, an "area" nnd "bob \ wires." Tho aron lias a hinged door t opening into tho loft on one side, and , an opening protected by tho "bob { wires," which communicates with the j outer air. v Tho "bob wires" aro so arranged that when tho returning bird lights on tin? &L*e>Yi ontside and desires to enter they will swing inward and allow him to do so, but will not swing outward. * T!ii i "a L'lmii 4 In* liii-.l i linf li.kj iiit-f ' - - . *?i' ?~ vi* :v j"?" , made a flight a captive until ho can ho examined and the time of his return noted. ' Tim fulling of the wiro after the enIruuc of a bird makes a curious little 1 sound, which is known to fanciers nc 1 the "elick of the bob." It is anxiously ' awaited when a match is in progress, ' and is always followed by a hurried unclasping of the metal band that has been around the bird's leg, and a mad I rush for the telegraph office by the person appointed for this purpose. I 1 Statistics About the World's Fair City. To-day, curoftil estimates placo the population at 1,400,000, and the probability is that it above rather than bolow that ilguro. The area within the city limits is 181 square miles. There it over $200,000,000 invested in manufacturing industries, producing annually upward of 8050,000,000 worth of goods, aud paying employes more than 8100,000,000, The wholesale business of the city aggregates more than 8500,000.000, and its commerce more than 81,500,000,000. Its moat products alone aro valued at 8130, 000,000. The hank clearings are nearly 85,000,000,000 a year. Over 800,000,000 have been invested in public schools, whoso maintanouce costs from $5,000,000 to 80,000,000 a year. There are 800 private sohools, 850 seminaries and academies, and four universities. The public librarury contains nearly 200,000 volumes, au?l has a circulation greater than that of any other in the United Slates. The other libraries of the city are estimated to contain over 3, 000,000 volumes. There are over 900 daily and weekly papers and periodicals, and 700 literary organizations, There are about 000 churches. Ovex $800,000,000 have been expended in the construction of buildings since 1870, and the annual expenditure for this purpose is between $45,000,000 and $55,000,000. I have said that thero is something like destiny in tui? unexampled de- j whip:;;, ul. 1 i?> there in, but destiny | is merely another name for nuturul law.?St. Nicholas. WISE WORDS. W> not peddle your principles for n Jiving. Tears are tho tribute of humanity to Its destiny. There's mauy a leap 'twixt the boat and the slip. Pay aa you go and save enough to oome back on. Do not permit the good luck of others to discourage you. A wise man always keeps on hand enough resignation for any emergency. I A rational nature admits of nothinr that is not serviceable to tho rest of mankind. For his bounty there was no winter to it; an autumn it was that grew more by reaping. Nor for thy neighbor, nor for thee, bo sure, was life designed to bo a draught of dull complacency. Home will always bo abovo others. Destroy tlie inequality to-day and it will appoar again to-morrow, j Covetous men need money least, yet lost affect and seek it{ prodigals who need it moat do lenst regard it. j.o an honest mind tho best pernnistt.-H of a place are tho advantages It g-ved to u man of doing good, ri dootion Against Poison. Most aneiont kings find noblemen relied, to homo oxtent, fit least, on supernatural and magical ineniis to protect themselves against poison. One kept a peacock always near him, because that bird milled up its feathers when any kind of poison was brought near ; another hn<l a cup and plato sot with opals because thift gein was supposed to turn pale when touched with poison; another a rhinoceros hoi'n, which caused poison* ous liquors to <. llervcsce. One woro a ring as a charm, another a bracelet, a third an amulet.?l>etroit Free Frew*. sssssline ?nv Lions* bears, goats and other animals take to the tobacco habit. The largest stationary engine in the world is need to pnmp out the zino mines at Friedenville, Penn. Its driving wheels are thirtr-fl*? feet in dl? amoter. The eleotrio railway has penetrated even tho fastnesses of the Tyro J ess Mountains, a road twenty-seven miles long being projected between Riva and Pinzolo. The carbon of the food, mixed with the oxygen of the nir, furnishes fuel for the body, which ovolvcs the heat in exactly the same way that a fire or candle does. That fragile and paradoxical wonder* the "snow plant," whioh is found in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, is prououueed by western botanists as probably nn? most remarkable plant. Lightning is zig zag because, as it pondonscs the air in the immediate advance of its path, it flies from side to tide in order to pass whom thore is the leaet resistance to its progressi Tho British Admiralty has diroctod that all ships fitted with 300 and 400 tinpere dynamos are to be speoially swung for tho purpose of ascertaining the effect of tho dynamos on tho ships' compasses. la iialtimore, Ma., a puoumatio <le* rioo for tho front of street cars haa t>oen patented, tho purpose of which is to push obstructions, such as th? bodies of persons, out of the way wil h>ut harming them. A method has been discovered by a [^ench inventor for tho preparation oi Ton so that it can bo alloyed with >ther metals generally, ?and partiotxavly with copper and zinc, to produce i wliito alloy, which the inventor terms 'iron silver." The intensity of conflnod sound Is Huntrated at Causbrook Castle, Isle of EVight, where there is a wall '200 foot Hoop and twelve feet in diameter, lined vith smooth masonry. When a pin is lropped into it tho sound of it strikng tho water, 182 foot bolow, cun bo listiuctly heard. A bridge of conereto is boing con(truoted over tho Pennypock Creek at Pino Road, Fox Chase, Pcnn. Tho >utside surface will be pebble-dashed ind outlined in imitation of pointed Jtono work, so that when completed it will present tho appearance of a bandjomo cut-stone structure. Four eleotrio lights, each powerftil enough to illuminate a "sphere oi water'' eight feet in diameter, are to be placed as many feet under tho sea ofT the pier of Atlantic City, N. J. Each light will be enclosed in a globe, which in its turn will lie in a case oi glass that will proteot the heated globe from tho water. Fish will not only b? visible as they dart across the lighted mass of water, bat will also bo attracted by tho lights. 1.!1 .1^^.. I. A -.1 1 jllKUTU N lUll'l'IH U1 OUIIIC iVIIlIUUlH. Homo children havo a groat horror of omo animal; it may bo a dog, or tlio 'harmless, necessary oat." This is irobably instinct. Miss Milford never ;ot over lior suspiolon of a cat, and ? Id ago Bomo women havo tho utmost Ireatl of a dog. Tho common repugtanco to anything of tho snako kind is intural to all, both young nud old, hough horo and thcro a person is ound who cultivates reptiles, but they ire usually found unresponsive. Chiltron may bo led by example and comlanionship to tolerate tho cat or dog, ?nd aro much tho happier for it. 5\>rcc, however, should never bo used, it io a great thing to accustom cliillren to insoots, to show them the Pright activity of flies, tho wondrous vuys of spiders, and tho comicalities >f ear-wigs. Wo should firmly impress >n thom tho utter inuocenco of all theso things, and, if possible, the pretty ways of mice and tho cleverness >f rats. Let thom know that tho Pright-oycd toad is harmless and tho fellow jacketed fvog a merry fellow, unl tell them tho natural mission ol slioso croatures. Then tho absurd fear >f insects would die out by degrees, tnd wo should not havo jumps nud icrearis whon wet weather makes ipidora busy, or tho small rodents nibble and seratclL No ono wants to bo pvorrun with thom, but they are not sbjeots of dread, and tho dread must be dispelled by familiarity in reasoniiig In early childhood.?Jeuness Miller'a Illustrated Monthly. Heart Failure So Longer Accented. Tho Registration and Sanitary Com* mitteo of tho Hoard of Health has ad<1 mused the fnl low! utr >?,! pliysioiuns of the city : "As tho Board of Health in doing nil in its power to provont the spread ol oontogiotis diseases, you are rocpiestod not to place on any cortilicato 'heart failure' as tho cause of death, but the disoaso of whioli tho patient was suffering prior to tho heart failure. This term lias never been plaeod on tho list of diseases adopted by this Board, it being looked upon as a result of some other illness from which tho patient was suffering. Furthermore, it furnishes an opportunity to conceal contagious diseases, and thus permits tho ignoring of tho rules of this Board by the family and undertaker, either innocently or designedly. "Horoaftor a burial permit will not be issued on tho cortilicato of doath of 'heart fuilure* when unacoompaniod with tho diseaso from which th? heart fuilnro occurred."?Philadelphia Times. Distress in the Stomach Heartburn, Sick llsadache and other tynip- | V Inm. ryt Ou.-. I ? I iB- ? J tnmtdod me for several ^ V j years. Since I have bern JE. inking Hood's Sor- W ?. / (l s&parllla ad this in ; changed. Dyspepsia h V trouble uolonger hothois mo. 1 do not have heartburn and I am free from v. headache. 1 have gained In floeh and fee 1 better In ever way." M ua..1.11.Cook, Martinsville, 1:1. Hssd'a PS!!; are pr.rely TOKvituie i? cunts. TnTdTar>"am i ly TiiTbTcTNC For Ia<ll|Nllo(, ntllofianonn. Ilesducho, CuDsfJpaUeu, Una Coinuloslou, Offratl) o llrsatb, and sJl disorders of Uv> stomach, ^ iT^AiajE?, IJvor anil Vowels, /Op nACymr] hi pa n8 tabulfs l^c-sr .<*>1 act gently yet promptly. Ffrfsct l/sWerV/Zd 1 Vw digestion follows tlmlr u*e. Hold by druggist* or sent 1 y mail. K'< wnjSVky (J*lnl?),7fc. I'scVsvnl toies), ft. ^*a?^ For free ssmi'lM nrtdreen K'pVVM rllKMIFAI^C?., Now York. We offer On* Hundred Hollars tlewnrd fo* nr cm*oT Cttorrh (bet Maaal Wftttw h) Hall's Catarrh Cure. P. J.CaniT tk Co^ wm. "Toledo, CI. We, the undersigned, have known V.J. Q? ney fof the Inst lfl years, nod believe him per. fectly honorable In nil business transact tone and nnaneUlrsbb to carry out nnynbligm Ohio. Waudi so. Runs St Marti*, Whol?ale Druggists. Toledo, Ohio. Hell's Caterrh Core is taken internally, act. Ins directly upon the blood and muoooa surface* of the system. Price, 75c. per bottle. Hold by all Druggist*. Testimonials free. tJgioni? Upitobbgfraf t?U Stl*mh*> Brown's Iron Bitters curse Dyspepsia, ltd*, rla. Biliousness and Ooneral Deolllty. Gives strength, aids Digestion, tone* the nerve#? creates appetite. The beet tonic for Norsinf Mothers, weak women and children. ? Ehbst hds supplanted Terry as Pittsburgh Winning pitcher. 1 ' We Cere Kept ere. No matter of how long standing. Writs for free treatise ???imon sis. etc.. In 8. JL Hoi tens worth <fe Co., Owego, Tioga Oo., N. T. Price $1; by mall. S1.1&. Ths New England dabs are all crying for pitchers. Malaria cured and eradicated from the rtk tem by Brown's iron Bitters, which Nirxur| the blood, tones tho norves, aids digestion. Acts like a charm on persons In general 111 health, giving new energy and streugth. . % ? Thk pitchers hare lost more In ?oor}rMw' than In efflolanoy by tho Increased pltfttiins dlatanoo. A wonderful stomr.ch wcrlor "- - .yi*; Pills. Beccham'a? uo others. 2S cento a box. Th* Pittsburg* are tho noisiest ooaohcrs _ ever gathered Into ono toom. KN0W^D^? Brings comfort &nd improvement and tends to personal enjoyment when rightly used. The many, who live bettor than others and enjoy life more, with less expenditure, by more promptly adapting the world's beat products to the needs of physical being, will attest the value to nealth of the pur? liquid laxative principles embraced in tho remedy, Syrup of Fig*. Its excellence is due to its presenting in the form most acceptable and pleasant to the taste, the refreshing and truly beneficial properties of a perfect laxative; effectually cleansing tho system, dispelling colds, headaches and fevora ana permanently curing constipation. It has given satisfaction to millions and met with the approval of the medical profession, because it acts on the Kidnevs. T.iver and Rowels without weak ening them and it is perfectly free from every objectionable substance. Syrup of Figs is for sale by all druggists in 60c ami $1 bottles, but it is manufactured by the California Fig Syrup Co. only, whose name is printed on every package, also the name, Syrup of Figs, aud being well informed, you will uoi accept any substitute if offered. "August Flower" I had been troubled five months with Dyspepsia. I lmd a fullness after eating, aud a heavy load iu the pit of my stomach. Sometimes a deathly sickness would overtake me. I was working for Thomas McHcnry, Dr uggist, A llcgheny City, Pa., iu whose employ I had been for seven years. I used August Flower for two weeks. I was relieved of all trouble. I can now eat things I dared not touch before. I have gained twenty pounds siucc my recovery. J. D. Cox,Allegheny, Pa. G> ! with r.iste#. Knamcdeanrt I'ntnU which stain Lhu^ m hand#, Injure the Iron ami burn red. 4 Tho ItUlue Sun Stovo Polish Li brilliant, Odor !.rs?. I)urahl?, ami the comumor Pay# for no Un i or glass packago vvlth every puronaae. MENS YOUR OWN HARNESS IW1I11 THOMSON'S SLOTTED CLINCH RIVETS. No tool# required. Only a hammer needed to drive cud clinch th'in easily and quickly, leaving the clinch ?h?o utely euiuotb. iirqulrltig no ho e to be made In he lealhnr nor i.urr lor the Miv.t,. They arc ilrsag, ion git and sliirntilo. Millions now Iu uio. All eiiftne, uniform <>r assorted, put uo In boxes. Ask your draler for thrill, or send 40c. la tamps fur a box of 100, assorted silos. Man ft! by JUDSON L. THOMSON MFO. CO.. WALTU.IJI, MANS, i ? -"ii< w> C"n euro tho in ati>t>? ; a blood poisok l ^ruvz?*v&" , I A SPECIALTY. K.^^hulSroLi BTi m iiwe mmnwi?ir^ I'tcn-WI I acklmf Is SRl^SSK386VV!SS*'f'iZfaU . i.i.imi. Wlion inereurjj ' to.lido potassium, wirsnp rlli.'i nr lliitSnriiuji fall. #o {Ml irnnt.'!' a . nr.- - .. .1 our V.i I.-1 jphiien . H the only lltlmr th:it will turn i ! .in..nily. I" ultlvo | rout seal Grilled, free, cook Kl y tic/ Co , Chicago, 111. MflMFY Mado Easily and Rapidly. Ill UI1L I We want within Thirty days, lot) men ?Uo haeo energy and grit. Will Rive them a position in which they can make numey rapidly. Utor hght.* Employment tlia year ar.un I. Ihqnir.a no raiiitai or great education. Home of our ' eat ?a >..men arecountnhoys. Address II. U. Ill'IH. INS. A (JO., Atlanta,' 11a. HARD RUBBER RUPTURE. TRUSSES ttculnrn. ^ 1. Il.SUELEY tV CO..!)} M. 1 Itli .Mi..l>lillada* iinn for BR-ins is our PllOTO* K'? V I lilt A I'll KAMII.Y IlKCOItDS, other Plo. w tures .Hid Frames. Ad Iruss, Dept. S4. C. P. Cory iV Co., ti lo 4". I ft . ..... : i , CnlrgfOt RRITRF PIIRirnSF:N,) for KftF.K Circular. QUI I HE llUntil J.N Klein,llellcvlllc.H. J. S V. IT.?33 Plan's Heinoay for Catarrh Is the Jljll!?1. Easiest to I'te. and Cheapest. PR Em Bohl by ilr l < ur ikiiI by mail. ufl BW Mc. K. T. Warriu, l't, |