The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, August 18, 1893, Image 4
' /
I J
I/ BOME SANITARY ASPECTS OP BBEA1
pjp MAKING
DT CTBTT8 HDSON, M. T?.,
Health Commissioner, Now York City.
It is necessary, if ono would under
Stand the sanitary aspects of broat
making, to folly comprehond the pres
out theory held by scientists of germ
yumj l/jr vuom 111 U1SOOSO
TMb theory of disease germs is merolj
the name given to the knowledge bat
of those germs by modioal men, a know!
edge whioh is the result of innumora
Ijft ble exporimonts. Being this, the ok
V term of a "theory" has become a mis
noiner. A germ of a disease is a plant,
* " so small that I do not luiow how to ex
V press intelligibly to the general readei
' * * a - * - -?
h iv? iaoK 01 size, wnen ttiisgorm is In
'* troduced into tho blood or tissues ol
the body, its notion appears to be analogous
to that which takes plnoe whon
yeast is added to dough. It attacks
certain elements of tho blood or tissues,
and destroys them, at tho same tin
"ntrror. cms fount ? vuri
, "But tho germs of the greater part ol
tho germ diseases, tliat is, of tho infectious
and contagious diseases, will develop
or increase in number without
being in the body of a human being,
provided always you give them the
proper conditions. These conditions
arc to bo found in dough which is boinir
vuiu.xl willi v.mut 'PI.,... ...?
'?-Mure and ili.i organic
the lax payers. . . , t,
The democratic party cxprcssta'tUMmi''-,
donco in the ability of the lion Calvin H.
If nccMrj'wtr,"TlTf^llVnA'i> "iVf'Wiq
point that yeast in germ growth, and
when introduced into a mixture of glucobo
or Htarcli, in tho prosonco of
warmth and moisture sets up a fermentation.
If the mixture ho a starchy
dough tho yeast first changes a portion
of tho starch iuto gl ueose and then decomposes
the glucose hy changing it
into two new substances, viz., carbonic
acid gas and alcohol.
Now the glutton, which is also a constituent
of dough and moist starch,
affords, with tho latter, an excellent
nidus for the development of germs ol
disease as well tvs for the yeast germs.
Tho germs of cholera, as of typhoid
fever, would, if introduced into dough,
find very favorable conditions for thoii
growth.
I do not wish to "pose" as an alarmist,
nor am I willing to say there in
very much chance of tho germs of
typhus and of cholera reaching flu
^ stomachs of tho people who cat bread
which has been raised with yeast. Hut
I have not the slightest cause to doubt
that othor diseases lmvo liouit innl wil
bo earriod about in the Invad.
I lmvo mot journoynien bakers, silt"
foring from cutaneous diseases, working
tlio dough in tho broad trough
with linked iianda ami arms. I liavi
110 reason to suppose bakers are loaf
liablo to cutaneoua diseases than any
ottior men, and I know, uh every housewifo
knows, yeast-raised bread must la
worked a longtime. Tliia ia an exceedingly
objectionable thing from tlu
standpoint of a physician for tie
reason that tho germs of disease whiel
are in the air and dust and on utuir
ways and straps in street cars, arc
most often collected on the hands.
Any person who has ever kneaded
dough understands the way in whiel
tho dough cleans the hands, Thn
means that any germs wliieh may liavi
found a lodging plaeo on the hands o
tho baker before lie makes up hii
batoh of bread are sure to find tlieii
way into the dough, and once t here, t?
find all tho conditions necessary foi
subdivision and growth. This ii
equivalent to saying that we must ivl\
011 licat to kill those germs, because it
is almost certain that they will la
there. Now, underdone or doitgln
bread is a form which every man am
Woman has seen
It it* a belief as old as the hills thai
t udordouo broad is unhealthful. Tliii
reputation has boon earned for it b^
the experience of countless genera
t'.oiis, and no careful mother will wis!
hor children to oat broad that has no!
been thoroughly eookod. The tvasni
given for this recognized uuhcalthfulhoom
has been that the uncooked yeast
dough is very ditUeult to digest. N?
ono but a physician would be apt t?
think of disease germs which have no!
been killed during the process of baking
as a cause of tlio sickness following
the use of uncooked yeast bread. Ye
this result from this cause is more thai
probable. I have not the sliglitos
doubt that could wo trace back soim
of the cases of illnces which wo meo
'|j^M
BREAD wrrrrnTT VKAst?"tt?f MOST PI
I I
in our practice wo wouM fin 1 th v
perms collected by the baker liavfound
their way into the yeast bread
(that the heat hits not been snlli'Mont t
(destroy them, that the uncooked ye i*t
ibroad had boon oaten and with it the
Ml.
1 %' * '
9 colonies of germs, thai they ha'
foaud their war into the b1?w?i m
that tho call for oar services whit
followed, has rouudod off this sequon
of events.
I have already pointed oat that tl
germs of diseaeo aro to be found in tl
2 air and dost. Tho longer any sal
- stance to bo oaten is exposed to the ai
tho greater the that ?? ??r
bo deposited on it. Bread raised wi
r yeast is worked down or kneaded twi
! before boiag baked and this prooe
moy tako anywhere from four boars I
ton. It lias, thon, tho ohanoe of oc
1 looting diHoeso germs daring this pr
oess of raising and it has two perio
, of working down or knoading durii
oaoh of which it may gather tho di
r containing tho germs from the baker
hands. As no broad savo that raise
f with yeast, goes through this lou
process ol raising and kneading so r
i broad save that raised with yeast hi
i so good a chance of gathering germi
What is uioant by "raising" broa
> is worth a ?o;y words. Tho introdiu
tiou of tho yeast into tho moist doug
i; WAY INTO Till'. YK AST NI{HA?."
and tli" addition of In-at when tlio |>ai
ia |>ln""d iii-ur Ihn tiro prodiieea ai
enormous growth of the yeast fituip tlio
yeast "fferni," in other worda
Tli mis In n^i elfeet a ilontruetivo fer
mentation of a portion of the atarehj
matter of the (lour?one of the inos
valuable nutrient elements in the flour
The fermentation produces earboni<
aeid KiiM, an I this, having its origin ii
.1 ,.^v little.? r ihe Htarel;
j encu lite and Hosea Bright slipped through
|iUsh's aside llie purl iel<
to n'ive itself room. Thin is what i
called "raising; the brea I."
It ii a- In Imt a f^laui") to s )e tli it i
is, in its e!V?ets on the dou pb pur dj
I in I'idei li ie<i I 'I'lui ilon.'li villi. >li vvn
before :i clou-grained mass, is uoi
full of little holes, and when <*>>?
i in this condition hi what wo ordtnaHl
mil light. Thin poroit* quality ti
bread enable t tli i stomach to ra;>i<llj
mi l easily digest it, for tli i gastri
; juices quickly souk into and ntto-'k. i
f from all aideri. The fermentation o
tli" dough, liowovor, uooe up iv portioi
[ of tin imtriout elements of tho loivf
, If it ho possible, tli iroforo, L i produo
h light poMiis loaf without ttiiu il?
utruetion hil l without tho "kneading
; process, which IIIIh tho dough wit
i' germs mul tilth, uinl without tho lot'
period (luring which the raining p*"~
i cess goim on, tho gain in food mid
gain in tho avoidance of tho KuriiMr1
,i yxi'iiivlinglv plain. 1
L Ihit while wo can easily moo th
I dangers which attend the use of yean
it in certain that tho vo-ii.minting otV ie
produce I l?y it on tho dough is t > tie
last degree perfect. It in appir m
i that if wo are to substitute any othei
i syntoin of I read making wo must hav<
i one which u ill give li t, rtmt, in >chanica
results equally hi good, that in, tha
will pro luce minute bubbles o
> carbonic am I ga t throughout the mas
of dough. Now it is in n > way difli
j cult to pro lu 'o oarhunio a 'id ga
i eh 'luically, hut wlion we arc workiui
i I at lava I wo must use midi eh miical
as arc per feel ly healthful. Fortunate!,
i th 'Mr are not hard to find.
The evils which attend tho yeast
[ made bread are ohvlato I l?y th > use o
i a properly ma lo, pure and wholcaom
^ hakiug p >w lor in lieu of veaat. Hah
1, i
* i iu1; powaors uro compose i ot mi aei
H 1 and mi alkali which, if properly cor
binod, should when tli<?y unite at on<
( destroy themselves and produce on
bonio acid gas. A good baking pin
( d? r duos its work while the loaf in
the ovon, an I having done it, disn
j poars.
Hut onre in iinporativo in nolootii
1 tin* brand of baking powdor to bo oo
I tain that it is composed of noii-injui
oils ohoiiiit nlri. 1'aiVilol'H contain i I
t nluin or tlione which arc compound'
s from iiupuro ingrodien<?, or thoi
' which arc not ooinl>iii"d in proper pr?
|?ortiun or carefully mixed and wnio
i will leave either an acid or iwn alkali i
t, j tho broad, must not bo used,
i It is well to souud it note of warniti
in this direction or the change froi
the objectionable yeast to an imput
> baking powder will lie n ease of juiu]
> iug from the frying pan into the fir
t The I (est. baking powder made in, i
allown by analysis, the "Hoyal."
t 1 contains absolutely nothing but crow
t ; of tnrtnr and sodn, refined to elu n
i ieul jmritv, which whoti c?<iuhini'?l uj
t ! ilor tho iutluonco o{ h?*?t uiul
> V produce ortrhonic itoid giw, end hovij
t iluuo tliiij, dioftppt'#r. Its leuvcmi
brtwt 01* a'uu cohoeivabet: vtad ok ra
so ?- a^h }lt4H b?yn found miperior
i other baking powder*, tind an fiu- an
\ know, it iw the only powder which w
rniao largo broad perfectly. Itn u
avoida the long period during whi<
the yeont made dough moat at and
order that the wtarch may ferment ar
ro there fa also no kneading necessary. P
id TK? tw? used is
>h cream of tartar and sods, aro perfectly
oo .harmless, eren when eaten. But they
aro oombined in exact compensating
tie iwoighta, ao that when chemical action
ie (begins between them they practically ^
t?- disappear, tho snbataneo of both havtr,'
.iug been taken up to form the carboniii
tin More iLee thie, iho ~j
bh -proper method of using tho powder
oe [insures the most thorough mixing j
m -with tho floor. Tho proper quantity
bo being taken, it is mixed with the flour co
4- and stirrod around in it. Tho mix- on
o- turo is then sifted several times and en
ds this insiives that iu every part of tho he
ig flour there shall bo a few particles of cii
rt the powder. The salt and milk or wu- ho
's tor being added, tho dough is made up th
k1 us quickly as possiblo and moulded tr<
g into tho loaves. n (
to Thoiio ore placed in tho oven ami
is baked. But tho very moment tho sa;
i. warmth and moisturo attack the mi*. (M
(I turo of oroam of tartar and soda, these I *.1?<
3- two ingredients chemically comhinn He
h and carbonic aoid or leavening gas in the
ovolvod. Tho consoquonco may bo no
noon at a glance, tho broad in rained the
eluriug tho timo it is baking in tho cic
ovon, aud thin in tho most jiorfoot of olti
all coticoivahlo mot hods of raising it. the
Here, then, there) is no ohanco for Ch
germs of disease) to got inte) tho dough He
ami thoncet into the> stomach, moro <
than that the) hrcnel is nooossarily ns rap
swoot as possible, there) having boon 001
ne) timo during which it couhl sour, tne
This involvos tho fact that tho broael lik
so maelo will keep longer, us it is loss an<
likely to bo ceuituininatoel by thogorms ( HT
that a'loot tho seuiring process. J1"
It will ho strange) if tho crowds ol J
visite?rs to the) World's Fair do not
greatly increase) tho numhor e>f con- .
tigioiis elis e is'fs, which we will have to [H.
treat. Under tlmse) circumstances is
it ne?t folly e?f follies te> e>pon a single 'J01
e-hitiii l through which thoso germs
in iy reach us? Ih it not the part of
wis loin to watch with the greatest care . '
a all th it we) e?at uiiel elrink, and to sco lr!c
11 th it none buttle) safest uiiel best mothe>
Is arc ompleiyeel in tie) preparation ^r(.'
e)f e?nr feioel? Te) me) it HOOII1S as
though there could bo but one answer
; to e|lle)stioUH like) tllCSO. Cfi^
t f have) shown tho danger of using ?*{
th * yeast ruisoel hreael, and with this I
i have hIiowii how theit elangor may bo ,(
ILV.kiilil.l 'I'll.? mlnnil nf Tll>ilvnnfi/\M dfi
i which in thin case in neither difficult
li fi?i i'nn hi nun,- una tho boat thing
n about it is that it may bo rolioil on al- ;
moat absolutely. Thoso who oat broad ,nl
I, or biscuits or rolls mailo at homo with VHI
Hoyal bukiug powder may bo Buro thoy
s h'lvo absolutely stopped ono chanuol ',0
v through which disease may roach th<
them. t-h<
rl ah<
N<>tk. ? Housekeepers desiring informa- jjj,
T. Una in regard to the preparation of tho brood f ,
' wliloli, for sanitary reasons, I)r. Edaon bo ^ul
Y htr i.is'ly urges for general use should write
0 f t,l > 11 ikhig I'owder Company, Now co
t V,rK" , In
t mi
n Franco has 0,455,000 farm owners, hoi
who hiro 11,704,000 laborcra. wi
1 oa
Simple Itemeilio* Are llcst.
"Jlon'l rush to tho drug store an J
It buy - a lot of tho fancy lotious and cos- rii
I --when you contract your lirst uu
I 'burn at the seashore," wan tit
.uu in i A irm 11 beautiful woman boi
' I or on ou'hIioS howeil but lingering traces oa
?| keel ?s a glaring rod liens which had yo
^ "liirNa/ d it only the day before. "Ijot no
t all thoso perfumed but trashy mixtures lis
t alone. Few of them have any virtues; th
> many of them are positively injurious hi
t to tho skin, and not ono of them is It
r bettor than the simple, old-fashioned qt
? remedies that anybody can prepare at la:
I home. If the skill is hot, dry and in
t smarting with burn, nothing will re- su
f lievo it any mors readily than mutton tr
H tallow or plain olive oil applied with th
the hands and gently rubbed into the in
1 pores. If the skin will stand it give it
( il 111 i 111 lllllSHIl"'tl wltll llll <"lsv IHIU'io'ii iii
" -> - ' "I I
H rub, tlrst bathing the face in water an lit
Y hot as one can stand. There is 110th- bi
ing like massage for removing the sore- hi
Hess and burning feeling. Don't use wi
^ much tump and beware of tin* fancy fr
" brands. They aro> nearly all irritating, he
Don't scratch the itching places; rub is
gently and be careful that the nails ti<
n. don't come in contact with the skin, tu
,0 As soon as you can stand it wash the
burned surface in tepid water to which
v_ the juice of a lemon has been added. l!
jn Lemon juice is a great cleanser, and is, :
besides that, a wonderful tonic for the !?1
tlcsh and skin. And, remember this,
that wiiiie sunburn is painful and an- "
lg .. 1 * _ t lii
noying, it is also a great improver of j;
complexions. It eliminates hlotchcs
and pimples, smooths out rough places
j| and clears the way for better skins.
it is Dame Nature's way of putting s"
new velvet and fresh roses into the ,iU
i faces of her children."?Now York ,
* u?M- - L:.
TIio Fnsclimllng fisheries Exhibit* co:
In no structure within the Fair
grounds is tho outward expression ^'r
^ no syinpathetically rellective of its architectural
purpose as in the Fisheries ,uv
^ Building. Itself reflected ill the blno
r. lai/oon. in its architeetural functions 1?
and sculptural ornament it ui turn refleets
the lacustrine lift- of the waters, 'lo
which not only almost lave its founda- lir<
turn walls but actually pour into its in* l-'11
tenor in fountain ami cascade and
gigantic aquaria. As wo follow around
thoso groon translucent walls within, lll
our passage lit only from the diffused sei
light transmitted from above the water, '>c
we ean almost fancy ourselves walking
on the actual river bed, ogled by fa- 'l(J
miliar forms of sun-fish, perch or
pickerel; or perhaps wandering as in
a dream among fair ocean caves
abloom with brilliantsea-anenioues,and 1111
embowered with mimic groves of *MI
branching corals and all manner of
softly swaying sea weed?graceful
crimson laminaria reaching to the snr- Pr
face of the water, responding lit serpentine
grace to the soft invasion
of waving fin. Hare living gems of ^
fishes, very butterflies of the deep,
float past Hashing in iridescence with fa
.. _ ti:i a, e it. i 1 in
L*V<TV mii'itim uii n ui vucir fuunirn
bodies. tttar-flsh, at tirst apparently r<>
itaticnary, as though in midwatcr,
<lido across tlio Illusive piano of glass, 'j*
with tlioir thousand fringy disks of *
foot. Strange crabs and mollnsks and
bivalves sport on the pebbly bottoms,
and portentous monsters, with great P
t<; gaping months, threaten ns as they
J emergo from their nebulous obscurity
*11 and steal to within a few inches of our ?
faces.?Bcribner. ,
ah cli
in Newfoundland, liko Ireland, has uo
id quakes. b'r
LEET HOMING PIGEONS
hJJXJJLBUi AMTMAJM TKAT 7LT
? VMM to Wbleh They Are Pot?
DtllfhtfNl Sport of Great Practftm!
Valoe?Method of Training.
r ~T UMINO pigeons are frequent1
j spoken of and written about
[ 1 M carrier pigeon*, seys tho
Cy Chicago Poet. This is not
rreot; tho carrier pigeon is now kept
ily for show. There is some differice
of statement as to who introdueed
iming pigeons into America. Frant
Wliiteley, of Newark, N. J., who
* a very large loft, says that ho was
e first to own homing pigeons, and iniduoed
them in 1865, when he built
joto in Now York.
Most printed works on tho subjoct
y that John Van Opstai, of Now York
ty, had tho first pigeons here, and
nt. he introduced them in 1572.
>wovor that may lie, it is certain that
9 sport of flying homing pigeons has
w reached very large proportions in
* United Htates. Most homing fan*
r* belong to homing clubs, and the
lbs are united in two central bodies,
i American Federation of Homing
ibs and tho Lieaguo of Ameriean
oiling Clubs.
>no hundred years ago pigeons wero
pilarly employed in England by
ninorcial men and others to o?rry
usages anil for recoril flying. It in
oly that tho old carriers, dragoons
I horsemen woro used as message
riers then. Pigeons liail bcon so
ployed in nil parts of tho world
in timo immcmoriid.
delgium then, as now, devoted most
ention to tho flying pigeons, anil it
in that country that tho superb
ds onco called flying Antwerps, but
x known as homing pigeons, were
re loped.
L'his wonderful brood has been proboiI
by tho fusion of many strains,
lading the English dragoon, a Belli
pigeon called t. ih smorlo, which
in its round head mid oeeosioaal
lis was probably of owl parentage ;
round-headed, high-flying bird
led tho cumulot, tho barb end
tors.
Tho homing pigeon was brought fo
:legreo of perfection sufficient to
ve all other biri^
mt fifty years ago. Tho metho 1 o!
jcding was of courso to pair tho best
rformers regardless of color or type.
It follows naturally from such a a adxturo
of breeds that there is mueli
riatiou of type among tlio homers
tho present. Those characteristics,
wover, persist in all first-class flyors;
o head is broad anil well developed,
u wattle is small, tho breast and
uulders are deep and broad, and tho
ador part of tho bird tapers gracclly.
Perhaps tho best perforinuuoo rerdeil
by homing pigeons was a flight
mi Dux, France, of 5G2 English
lcs, at tho rate of Hoventy-two feet a
jonil, or nearly twelve hours on tho
ng, or 14-17 miles per minute. A
rrior could eovor about 150 miles in
u niviuu tuuc.
Tho use of pigeons as regular carjrs
of messages, of course, declined
d almost ceased upon tho iutroduc>u
of universal postal and tolegraph
rvice, but they have fre(pieutly been
lied into requisition during later
ars when, for ono causo or unothcr,
it her mail nor telegraph could bo
ed. Most Qovernments, including
at of tho United Statos, now keep
rds in training for military purposes.
has ovffu been proposod in somo
larters to keop lofts of birds regurly
on tho ships, and it lias boon
logincd by those unfamiliar with the
bjeot that it would be possible to
ain birds to tlnd tho ship to which
oy belonged, no matter where it
ight bo located.
The quality that reudorsthe homing
goon valuable as a tlyor is his love of
>iuo and woudorful memory. If he
) liberated at any point, no matter
nv far removed from his home, ho
ill try to find it. Bui if the route
om the place of liberation to the
>me loft bo ono with which tho bird
entirely unacquainted, it is a quesju
of chance as to when it will roam.
if over.
It is for this reason that fanciers bore
allowing their birds to make long
*hts test them with shorter flights in
u same direction from home as the
ration of the "tossing" point for the
lger journey. It is tho common
amice ot pigeon fanciers to lay out
use training points in as near an air
ir as possible.
When a homer is liberated in u
auge place it will first rise to a conInriklllx
l.ni.rl.t .....1 H"
... ...... >.J ... "...Ull.UjJ
<1 rising circles until its keen eye
tolies some feature of the landscape
lit is familiar. When this occurs the
mownrd lliglit begins at once ami is
utiuuvd without cessation till homo
reached <>r night, storm or hunger
ings the bird to the ground. The
mer's greatest enemies are the hawks
d pot hunters, and it is through
. so agencies that mauy birds are
?t.
The rules governing the dying of
mors for records are simple. Records
j kept l?y the Federation of Amerin
Homing dubs ?? ! the Tongue of
ucricuu Homing Clubs. A bird from
lieh a record is desired must wear
ton the loft ankle what is known as a
[unless baud. They arc furnished
?th by the league and federation upon
e application of any fancier, whether
i be a member of a club atllliatcd with
e central body or not.
Up?n the baud are stamped tha
rd's number, the year it was hat juiid
id the initial of the owner. Too
md is slipped over the foot soon a.'*
r the shell is shattered and in a fe v
iys the foot becomes so largo as to
event its removal.
From that time the bird is officially
lown by its number, which, together
th such particulars as tho nam ? of
e owner, pedigree?which is kept as
refully as that of horses?date of
itch, etc., is set down in tho books of
cord.
When a fancier desires to get a
cord for a bird, ho notifies 0110 of
o central bodies two weeks in adnoo
of tho day of flight, giving his
m name, the number of tho bird, tho
aco from which tho flight in to be
ido and tho distunce to bo covered.
10 bird is taken to the place of toss
specified time before tho flight, and
possible ft reprosentfttivo of some
lb is present when the bird is liber*
ed mid t lie time of tossiug is tolo*
aphod to the central body.
* ? m tm A ? maami
? Wt?w?m w Ul^lil OWM1 imp WttTJ
tb? number of the bird and date of
flight hM been fastened around the
leg which doea not bear the seamless
band. Upon the arrival of the bird at
home this strap is detached, sent to
the nearest telegraph ofttoe, from
which a message is dispatched, giving
La uiuuuvt vi me oiro and whatever
markings the metal bands may bear.
ah allowance of six minutes for
every mile between the office and the
home loit is made, and the messenger i
who carries the band to the telegrapher
must run or walk. He must
not use a street car or a carriage, nor
can he ride a bicycle or a horse, and
the message must bo signed by the
operator.
Tho homing pigeon is an interesting
j bird. More than any other fancy
pigeon he resembles the ordinary 1
! pigeon. If you desire to establish a 1
| loft of your own, tho initial expense i
I need not bo any moro than 850 or $75. i
j Yon will go to some reliable fanoier
and from him purchase a dozen birds <
! at an expense of $25 or $80. Yon can \
i build a loft that will do very well for (
825 more, nnd there yon are. |
j If yon live whoro you liavo plenty
of room the loft can he set in tho book <
yard, but if you livo in tho city yon
may find it necessary to put it upon
tho roof of your house. In fact, somo ^
of the most famous lofts iu America
aro perched upon tho flat roofs of citj
houses.
I If any of tho birds yon liavo bonglit 1
aro old ones you will And it necessary
to keep them In closo confinement all *
their lives, for onco liberated they will
surely seek their own home nnd bo lost *
to you forever, or until tho former
owners roturu them to you. The ]
homer is not a very mild bird. Iu 1
fact, he is pugnacious, and can be <
caught only by its owner iu tho loft or 1
by the aid of a specially contrived net. v
| The essential features of a loft are 4
plenty of room, cleanliness, shelves for
nesting, a bathing place furnished with ;
running water, an "area" nnd "bob \
wires." Tho aron lias a hinged door t
opening into tho loft on one side, and ,
an opening protected by tho "bob {
wires," which communicates with the j
outer air. v
Tho "bob wires" aro so arranged
that when tho returning bird lights on
tin? &L*e>Yi ontside and desires to enter
they will swing inward and allow him
to do so, but will not swing outward. *
T!ii i "a L'lmii 4 In* liii-.l i linf li.kj iiit-f '
- - . *?i' ?~ vi* :v j"?" ,
made a flight a captive until ho can ho
examined and the time of his return
noted. '
Tim fulling of the wiro after the enIruuc
of a bird makes a curious little 1
sound, which is known to fanciers nc 1
the "elick of the bob." It is anxiously '
awaited when a match is in progress, '
and is always followed by a hurried
unclasping of the metal band that has
been around the bird's leg, and a mad I
rush for the telegraph office by the
person appointed for this purpose.
I
1 Statistics About the World's Fair City.
To-day, curoftil estimates placo the
population at 1,400,000, and the probability
is that it above rather than bolow
that ilguro. The area within the city
limits is 181 square miles. There it
over $200,000,000 invested in manufacturing
industries, producing annually
upward of 8050,000,000 worth
of goods, aud paying employes more
than 8100,000,000, The wholesale
business of the city aggregates more
than 8500,000.000, and its commerce
more than 81,500,000,000. Its moat
products alone aro valued at 8130,
000,000. The hank clearings are
nearly 85,000,000,000 a year. Over
800,000,000 have been invested in
public schools, whoso maintanouce
costs from $5,000,000 to 80,000,000 a
year. There are 800 private sohools,
850 seminaries and academies, and
four universities. The public librarury
contains nearly 200,000 volumes,
au?l has a circulation greater than
that of any other in the United
Slates. The other libraries of the
city are estimated to contain over 3,
000,000 volumes. There are over 900
daily and weekly papers and periodicals,
and 700 literary organizations,
There are about 000 churches. Ovex
$800,000,000 have been expended in
the construction of buildings since
1870, and the annual expenditure for
this purpose is between $45,000,000
and $55,000,000.
I have said that thero is something
like destiny in tui? unexampled de- j
whip:;;, ul. 1 i?> there in, but destiny |
is merely another name for nuturul
law.?St. Nicholas.
WISE WORDS.
W> not peddle your principles for n
Jiving.
Tears are tho tribute of humanity to
Its destiny.
There's mauy a leap 'twixt the boat
and the slip.
Pay aa you go and save enough to
oome back on.
Do not permit the good luck of
others to discourage you.
A wise man always keeps on hand
enough resignation for any emergency.
I A rational nature admits of nothinr
that is not serviceable to tho rest of
mankind.
For his bounty there was no winter
to it; an autumn it was that grew more
by reaping.
Nor for thy neighbor, nor for thee,
bo sure, was life designed to bo a
draught of dull complacency.
Home will always bo abovo others.
Destroy tlie inequality to-day and it
will appoar again to-morrow,
j Covetous men need money least, yet
lost affect and seek it{ prodigals who
need it moat do lenst regard it.
j.o an honest mind tho best pernnistt.-H
of a place are tho advantages
It g-ved to u man of doing good,
ri dootion Against Poison.
Most aneiont kings find noblemen
relied, to homo oxtent, fit least, on
supernatural and magical ineniis to
protect themselves against poison.
One kept a peacock always near him,
because that bird milled up its
feathers when any kind of poison was
brought near ; another hn<l a cup and
plato sot with opals because thift gein
was supposed to turn pale when
touched with poison; another a
rhinoceros hoi'n, which caused poison*
ous liquors to <. llervcsce. One woro a
ring as a charm, another a bracelet, a
third an amulet.?l>etroit Free Frew*.
sssssline ?nv
Lions* bears, goats and other animals
take to the tobacco habit.
The largest stationary engine in the
world is need to pnmp out the zino
mines at Friedenville, Penn. Its driving
wheels are thirtr-fl*? feet in dl?
amoter.
The eleotrio railway has penetrated
even tho fastnesses of the Tyro J ess
Mountains, a road twenty-seven miles
long being projected between Riva and
Pinzolo.
The carbon of the food, mixed with
the oxygen of the nir, furnishes fuel
for the body, which ovolvcs the heat
in exactly the same way that a fire or
candle does.
That fragile and paradoxical wonder*
the "snow plant," whioh is found in
the Sierra Nevada Mountains, is prououueed
by western botanists as probably
nn? most remarkable plant.
Lightning is zig zag because, as it
pondonscs the air in the immediate advance
of its path, it flies from side to
tide in order to pass whom thore is
the leaet resistance to its progressi
Tho British Admiralty has diroctod
that all ships fitted with 300 and 400
tinpere dynamos are to be speoially
swung for tho purpose of ascertaining
the effect of tho dynamos on tho ships'
compasses.
la iialtimore, Ma., a puoumatio <le*
rioo for tho front of street cars haa
t>oen patented, tho purpose of which is
to push obstructions, such as th?
bodies of persons, out of the way wil h>ut
harming them.
A method has been discovered by a
[^ench inventor for tho preparation oi
Ton so that it can bo alloyed with
>ther metals generally, ?and partiotxavly
with copper and zinc, to produce
i wliito alloy, which the inventor terms
'iron silver."
The intensity of conflnod sound Is
Huntrated at Causbrook Castle, Isle of
EVight, where there is a wall '200 foot
Hoop and twelve feet in diameter, lined
vith smooth masonry. When a pin is
lropped into it tho sound of it strikng
tho water, 182 foot bolow, cun bo
listiuctly heard.
A bridge of conereto is boing con(truoted
over tho Pennypock Creek at
Pino Road, Fox Chase, Pcnn. Tho
>utside surface will be pebble-dashed
ind outlined in imitation of pointed
Jtono work, so that when completed it
will present tho appearance of a bandjomo
cut-stone structure.
Four eleotrio lights, each powerftil
enough to illuminate a "sphere oi
water'' eight feet in diameter, are to
be placed as many feet under tho sea
ofT the pier of Atlantic City, N. J.
Each light will be enclosed in a globe,
which in its turn will lie in a case oi
glass that will proteot the heated globe
from tho water. Fish will not only b?
visible as they dart across the lighted
mass of water, bat will also bo attracted
by tho lights.
1.!1 .1^^.. I. A -.1 1
jllKUTU N lUll'l'IH U1 OUIIIC iVIIlIUUlH.
Homo children havo a groat horror of
omo animal; it may bo a dog, or tlio
'harmless, necessary oat." This is
irobably instinct. Miss Milford never
;ot over lior suspiolon of a cat, and ?
Id ago Bomo women havo tho utmost
Ireatl of a dog. Tho common repugtanco
to anything of tho snako kind is
intural to all, both young nud old,
hough horo and thcro a person is
ound who cultivates reptiles, but they
ire usually found unresponsive. Chiltron
may bo led by example and comlanionship
to tolerate tho cat or dog,
?nd aro much tho happier for it.
5\>rcc, however, should never bo used,
it io a great thing to accustom cliillren
to insoots, to show them the
Pright activity of flies, tho wondrous
vuys of spiders, and tho comicalities
>f ear-wigs. Wo should firmly impress
>n thom tho utter inuocenco of all
theso things, and, if possible, the
pretty ways of mice and tho cleverness
>f rats. Let thom know that tho
Pright-oycd toad is harmless and tho
fellow jacketed fvog a merry fellow,
unl tell them tho natural mission ol
slioso croatures. Then tho absurd fear
>f insects would die out by degrees,
tnd wo should not havo jumps nud
icrearis whon wet weather makes
ipidora busy, or tho small rodents nibble
and seratclL No ono wants to bo
pvorrun with thom, but they are not
sbjeots of dread, and tho dread must
be dispelled by familiarity in reasoniiig
In early childhood.?Jeuness Miller'a
Illustrated Monthly.
Heart Failure So Longer Accented.
Tho Registration and Sanitary Com*
mitteo of tho Hoard of Health has ad<1
mused the fnl low! utr >?,!
pliysioiuns of the city :
"As tho Board of Health in doing nil
in its power to provont the spread ol
oontogiotis diseases, you are rocpiestod
not to place on any cortilicato 'heart
failure' as tho cause of death, but the
disoaso of whioli tho patient was suffering
prior to tho heart failure. This
term lias never been plaeod on tho list
of diseases adopted by this Board, it
being looked upon as a result of some
other illness from which tho patient
was suffering. Furthermore, it furnishes
an opportunity to conceal contagious
diseases, and thus permits tho
ignoring of tho rules of this Board by
the family and undertaker, either innocently
or designedly.
"Horoaftor a burial permit will not
be issued on tho cortilicato of doath of
'heart fuilure* when unacoompaniod
with tho diseaso from which th?
heart fuilnro occurred."?Philadelphia
Times.
Distress in the Stomach
Heartburn, Sick llsadache
and other tynip- | V
Inm. ryt Ou.-. I ? I iB- ? J
tnmtdod me for several ^ V j
years. Since I have bern JE.
inking Hood's Sor- W ?. / (l
s&parllla ad this in ;
changed. Dyspepsia h V
trouble uolonger hothois
mo. 1 do not have heartburn
and I am free from v.
headache. 1 have gained
In floeh and fee 1 better In
ever way." M ua..1.11.Cook, Martinsville, 1:1.
Hssd'a PS!!; are pr.rely TOKvituie i? cunts.
TnTdTar>"am i ly TiiTbTcTNC
For Ia<ll|Nllo(, ntllofianonn.
Ilesducho, CuDsfJpaUeu, Una
Coinuloslou, Offratl) o llrsatb,
and sJl disorders of Uv> stomach, ^ iT^AiajE?,
IJvor anil Vowels, /Op nACymr]
hi pa n8 tabulfs l^c-sr .<*>1
act gently yet promptly. Ffrfsct l/sWerV/Zd 1 Vw
digestion follows tlmlr u*e. Hold
by druggist* or sent 1 y mail. K'< wnjSVky
(J*lnl?),7fc. I'scVsvnl toies), ft. ^*a?^
For free ssmi'lM nrtdreen
K'pVVM rllKMIFAI^C?., Now York.
We offer On* Hundred Hollars tlewnrd fo*
nr cm*oT Cttorrh (bet Maaal Wftttw h)
Hall's Catarrh Cure.
P. J.CaniT tk Co^ wm. "Toledo, CI.
We, the undersigned, have known V.J. Q?
ney fof the Inst lfl years, nod believe him per.
fectly honorable In nil business transact tone
and nnaneUlrsbb to carry out nnynbligm
Ohio.
Waudi so. Runs St Marti*, Whol?ale
Druggists. Toledo, Ohio.
Hell's Caterrh Core is taken internally, act.
Ins directly upon the blood and muoooa surface*
of the system. Price, 75c. per bottle. Hold
by all Druggist*. Testimonials free.
tJgioni? Upitobbgfraf t?U Stl*mh*>
Brown's Iron Bitters curse Dyspepsia, ltd*,
rla. Biliousness and Ooneral Deolllty. Gives
strength, aids Digestion, tone* the nerve#?
creates appetite. The beet tonic for Norsinf
Mothers, weak women and children.
? Ehbst hds supplanted Terry as Pittsburgh
Winning pitcher. 1
' We Cere Kept ere.
No matter of how long standing. Writs
for free treatise ???imon sis. etc.. In 8. JL
Hoi tens worth <fe Co., Owego, Tioga Oo., N. T.
Price $1; by mall. S1.1&.
Ths New England dabs are all crying for
pitchers.
Malaria cured and eradicated from the rtk
tem by Brown's iron Bitters, which Nirxur|
the blood, tones tho norves, aids digestion.
Acts like a charm on persons In general 111
health, giving new energy and streugth.
. % ?
Thk pitchers hare lost more In ?oor}rMw'
than In efflolanoy by tho Increased pltfttiins
dlatanoo.
A wonderful stomr.ch wcrlor "- - .yi*;
Pills. Beccham'a? uo others. 2S cento a box.
Th* Pittsburg* are tho noisiest ooaohcrs _
ever gathered Into ono toom.
KN0W^D^?
Brings comfort &nd improvement and
tends to personal enjoyment when
rightly used. The many, who live bettor
than others and enjoy life more, with
less expenditure, by more promptly
adapting the world's beat products to
the needs of physical being, will attest
the value to nealth of the pur? liquid
laxative principles embraced in tho
remedy, Syrup of Fig*.
Its excellence is due to its presenting
in the form most acceptable and pleasant
to the taste, the refreshing and truly
beneficial properties of a perfect laxative;
effectually cleansing tho system,
dispelling colds, headaches and fevora
ana permanently curing constipation.
It has given satisfaction to millions and
met with the approval of the medical
profession, because it acts on the Kidnevs.
T.iver and Rowels without weak
ening them and it is perfectly free from
every objectionable substance.
Syrup of Figs is for sale by all druggists
in 60c ami $1 bottles, but it is manufactured
by the California Fig Syrup
Co. only, whose name is printed on every
package, also the name, Syrup of Figs,
aud being well informed, you will uoi
accept any substitute if offered.
"August
Flower"
I had been troubled five months
with Dyspepsia. I lmd a fullness
after eating, aud a heavy load iu the
pit of my stomach. Sometimes a
deathly sickness would overtake
me. I was working for Thomas
McHcnry, Dr uggist, A llcgheny City,
Pa., iu whose employ I had been for
seven years. I used August Flower
for two weeks. I was relieved of all
trouble. I can now eat things I
dared not touch before. I have
gained twenty pounds siucc my recovery.
J. D. Cox,Allegheny, Pa. G>
! with r.iste#. Knamcdeanrt I'ntnU which stain Lhu^ m
hand#, Injure the Iron ami burn red. 4
Tho ItUlue Sun Stovo Polish Li brilliant, Odor
!.rs?. I)urahl?, ami the comumor Pay# for no Un
i or glass packago vvlth every puronaae.
MENS YOUR OWN HARNESS
IW1I11
THOMSON'S
SLOTTED
CLINCH RIVETS.
No tool# required. Only a hammer needed to drive
cud clinch th'in easily and quickly, leaving the clinch
?h?o utely euiuotb. iirqulrltig no ho e to be made In
he lealhnr nor i.urr lor the Miv.t,. They arc ilrsag,
ion git and sliirntilo. Millions now Iu uio. All
eiiftne, uniform <>r assorted, put uo In boxes.
Ask your draler for thrill, or send 40c. la
tamps fur a box of 100, assorted silos. Man ft! by
JUDSON L. THOMSON MFO. CO..
WALTU.IJI, MANS,
i ?
-"ii< w> C"n euro tho in ati>t>?
; a blood poisok l ^ruvz?*v&"
, I A SPECIALTY. K.^^hulSroLi
BTi m iiwe mmnwi?ir^ I'tcn-WI I acklmf Is
SRl^SSK386VV!SS*'f'iZfaU . i.i.imi. Wlion inereurjj
' to.lido potassium, wirsnp rlli.'i nr lliitSnriiuji fall. #o
{Ml irnnt.'!' a . nr.- - .. .1 our V.i I.-1 jphiien . H the only
lltlmr th:it will turn i ! .in..nily. I" ultlvo | rout seal
Grilled, free, cook Kl y tic/ Co , Chicago, 111.
MflMFY Mado Easily and Rapidly.
Ill UI1L I We want within Thirty days, lot) men ?Uo
haeo energy and grit. Will Rive them a position in
which they can make numey rapidly. Utor hght.* Employment
tlia year ar.un I. Ihqnir.a no raiiitai or great
education. Home of our ' eat ?a >..men arecountnhoys.
Address II. U. Ill'IH. INS. A (JO., Atlanta,' 11a.
HARD RUBBER RUPTURE.
TRUSSES ttculnrn. ^
1. Il.SUELEY tV CO..!)} M. 1 Itli .Mi..l>lillada*
iinn for BR-ins is our PllOTO*
K'? V I lilt A I'll KAMII.Y IlKCOItDS, other Plo.
w tures .Hid Frames. Ad Iruss, Dept. S4.
C. P. Cory iV Co., ti lo 4". I ft . ..... : i , CnlrgfOt
RRITRF PIIRirnSF:N,) for KftF.K Circular.
QUI I HE llUntil J.N Klein,llellcvlllc.H. J.
S V. IT.?33
Plan's Heinoay for Catarrh Is the
Jljll!?1. Easiest to I'te. and Cheapest. PR
Em Bohl by ilr l < ur ikiiI by mail. ufl
BW Mc. K. T. Warriu, l't, |